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Zhao Y, Peng Y, Wei X, Wu G, Li B, Li X, Long L, Zeng J, Luo W, Tian Y, Wang Z, Peng X. N-Salicyloyl Tryptamine Derivatives as Potent Neuroinflammation Inhibitors by Constraining Microglia Activation via a STAT3 Pathway. ACS Chem Neurosci 2024; 15:2484-2503. [PMID: 38865609 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.4c00060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Neuroinflammation is an important factor that exacerbates neuronal death and abnormal synaptic function in neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs). Due to the complex pathogenesis and the presence of blood-brain barrier (BBB), no effective clinical drugs are currently available. Previous results showed that N-salicyloyl tryptamine derivatives had the potential to constrain the neuroinflammatory process. In this study, 30 new N-salicyloyl tryptamine derivatives were designed and synthesized to investigate a structure-activity relationship (SAR) for the indole ring of tryptamine in order to enhance their antineuroinflammatory effects. Among them, both in vitro and in vivo compound 18 exerted the best antineuroinflammatory effects by suppressing the activation of microglia, which is the culprit of neuroinflammation. The underlying mechanism of its antineuroinflammatory effect may be related to the inhibition of transcription, expression and phosphorylation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) that subsequently regulated downstream cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression and activity. With its excellent BBB permeability and pharmacokinetic properties, compound 18 exhibited significant neuroprotective effects in the hippocampal region of lipopolysaccharides (LPS)-induced mice than former N-salicyloyl tryptamine derivative L7. In conclusion, compound 18 has provided a new approach for the development of highly effective antineuroinflammatory therapeutic drugs targeting microglia activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuting Zhao
- The Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, Department of Clinical Laboratory, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Yan Peng
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Xiuzhen Wei
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Genping Wu
- The Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, Department of Clinical Laboratory, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Bo Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Xuelin Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Lin Long
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Jing Zeng
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Wei Luo
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Ying Tian
- The Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, Department of Clinical Laboratory, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Birth Defect Research and Prevention Hunan Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
- MOE Key Lab of Rare Pediatric Diseases, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410000, China
| | - Xue Peng
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
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2
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Bai Y, Qiao Y, Li M, Yang W, Chen H, Wu Y, Zhang H. RIPK1 inhibitors: A key to unlocking the potential of necroptosis in drug development. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 265:116123. [PMID: 38199165 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2024.116123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Within the field of medical science, there is a great deal of interest in investigating cell death pathways in the hopes of discovering new drugs. Over the past two decades, pharmacological research has focused on necroptosis, a cell death process that has just been discovered. Receptor-interacting protein kinase 1 (RIPK1), an essential regulator in the cell death receptor signalling pathway, has been shown to be involved in the regulation of important events, including necrosis, inflammation, and apoptosis. Therefore, researching necroptosis inhibitors offers novel ways to treat a variety of disorders that are not well-treated by the therapeutic medications now on the market. The research and medicinal potential of RIPK1 inhibitors, a promising class of drugs, are thoroughly examined in this study. The journey from the discovery of Necrostatin-1 (Nec-1) to the recent advancements in RIPK1 inhibitors is marked by significant progress, highlighting the integration of traditional medicinal chemistry approaches with modern technologies like high-throughput screening and DNA-encoded library technology. This review presents a thorough exploration of the development and therapeutic potential of RIPK1 inhibitors, a promising class of compounds. Simultaneously, this review highlights the complex roles of RIPK1 in various pathological conditions and discusses potential inhibitors discovered through diverse pathways, emphasizing their efficacy against multiple disease models, providing significant guidance for the expansion of knowledge about RIPK1 and its inhibitors to develop more selective, potent, and safe therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinliang Bai
- Department of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, 730030, China; School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Yujun Qiao
- Department of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, 730030, China
| | - Mingming Li
- Department of Neurology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, 730030, China
| | - Wenzhen Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, 730030, China
| | - Haile Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, 730030, China
| | - Yanqing Wu
- Department of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, 730030, China
| | - Honghua Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117544, Singapore.
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3
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Singh YP, Kumar H. Tryptamine: A privileged scaffold for the management of Alzheimer's disease. Drug Dev Res 2023; 84:1578-1594. [PMID: 37675624 DOI: 10.1002/ddr.22111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a chronic and irreversible neurodegenerative disease associated with aging. It is characterized by the progressive loss of memory and other cognitive functions. Although the exact etiology of AD is not well explored, several factors, such as the deposition of amyloid-β (Aβ) plaques, hyperphosphorylation of tau protein, presence of low levels of acetylcholine, and generation of oxidative stress, are key mediators in the progression of AD. Currently, the clinical treatment options for AD are limited and are based on cholinesterase (ChE) inhibitors (e.g., donepezil, rivastigmine, and galantamine), N-methyl- d-aspartic acid receptor antagonists (e.g., memantine), and the recently approved Aβ modulator (e.g., aducanumab). Tryptamine (2-(1H-indol-3-yl)ethan-1-amine) is a small molecule that contains an indole nucleus and an ethylamine side chain. It is also the active metabolite of tryptophan. It possesses a wide range of biological activities related to neurodegenerative disorders, such as ChE inhibition, Aβ aggregation inhibition, antioxidant effects, monoamine-oxidase inhibition, and neuroprotection. Several tryptamine-based hybrid analogs are currently being investigated as multifunctional agents for the development of novel hybrids for AD treatment. Thus, this review article aims to provide in-depth insights into the research progress and strategies for designing multifunctional agents used in Alzheimer's therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yash P Singh
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Harish Kumar
- Government College of Pharmacy, Shimla, Himachal Pradesh, India
- Department of Technical Education Vocational and Industrial Training, Sunder Nagar, Himachal Pradesh, India
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4
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Xie M, Wu H, Bian J, Huang S, Xia Y, Qin Y, Yan Z. Synthesis and biological evaluation of capsaicin analogues as antioxidant and neuroprotective agents. RSC Adv 2023; 13:32150-32159. [PMID: 37920757 PMCID: PMC10619477 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra05107b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Capsaicin and its analogues 3a-3q were designed and synthesized as potential new antioxidant and neuroprotective agents. Many analogues exhibited good antioxidant effects, and some showed more potent free radical scavenging activities than the positive drug quercetin (IC50 = 8.70 ± 1.75 μM for DPPH assay and 13.85 ± 2.87 μM for ABTS assay, respectively). The phenolic hydroxyl of capsaicin analogues was critical in determining antioxidant activity. Among these compounds, 3k displayed the most potent antioxidant activity. Cell vitality tests revealed that the representative compound 3k was good at protecting cells from H2O2-induced oxidative damage at low concentrations (cell viability increased to 90.0 ± 5.5% at 10 μM). In addition, the study demonstrated that 3k could reduce intracellular ROS accumulation and increase GSH levels to prevent H2O2-induced oxidative stress in SY5Y cells. In the mitochondrial membrane potential assay, 3k significantly increased the MMP level of SY5Y cells treated with H2O2 and played an anti-neuronal cell death role. These results provide a promising strategy to develop novel capsaicin analogues as potential antioxidant and neuroprotective agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mao Xie
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University Nanning Guangxi China
| | - Huixian Wu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University Nanning Guangxi China
- Pharmaceutical College, Guangxi Medical University Nanning Guangxi China
| | - Jing Bian
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University Nanjing Jiangsu China
| | - Shutong Huang
- Pharmaceutical College, Guangxi Medical University Nanning Guangxi China
| | - Yuanzheng Xia
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University Nanjing Jiangsu China
| | - Yujun Qin
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University Nanjing Jiangsu China
| | - Zhiming Yan
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University Nanning Guangxi China
- Pharmaceutical College, Guangxi Medical University Nanning Guangxi China
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5
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Wang Z, Qiang X, Peng Y, Fu W, Zhao Q, He D. Design and synthesis of salidroside analogs and their bioactivity against septic myocardial injury. Bioorg Chem 2023; 138:106609. [PMID: 37207595 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2023.106609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Cardiac tissue suffers much from sepsis, and the incidence of myocardial injury is high in septic patients. The treatment of sepsis myocardial injury (SMI) has been the focus of clinical medicine. Salidroside shows myocardial cell protection, anti-oxidation and anti- inflammation effects, and it is thought as one of the potential compounds to treat sepsis myocardial injury. However, its anti-inflammatory activity is lower and its pharmacokinetic properties are not ideal, which is far from clinical application. Here, a series of salidroside analogs were synthesized, and their bioactivities were evaluated from several aspects, including their anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory activities in vitro and anti-sepsis myocardial injury activities in vivo. Of all the compounds which synthesized, compounds 2 and 3 exhibited stronger anti-inflammatory activities than the others; after treating LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 or H9c2 cells with each of them, the levels of IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α were down-regulated in a dose-dependent manner. In the anti-oxidative stress injury test, compounds 2 and 3 not only markedly increased the survival rate of cells, and but also improved the cellular oxidative stress-related indicators MDA, SOD and cell damage marker LDH in a dose-dependent manner. In the LPS-induced septic rat myocardial injury models (in vivo), the two compounds also showed good bioactivities. They also reduced the expression of IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α, and blocked cell damage by suppressing overhauled oxidation in septic rats. In addition, the myocardial injury was significantly improved and the inflammatory infiltration was reduced after treatment with the two compounds. In conclusion, the salidroside analogs (2 and 3) showed promising therapeutical effect on septic myocardial injury in LPS-model rats, and they could be good candidates for clinical trials against inflammation and septic myocardial injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongyuan Wang
- Materia Medica Development Group, Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Xin Qiang
- Materia Medica Development Group, Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Yijie Peng
- Materia Medica Development Group, Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Wenjie Fu
- Materia Medica Development Group, Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Quanyi Zhao
- Materia Medica Development Group, Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China.
| | - Dian He
- Materia Medica Development Group, Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
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6
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Li X, Wang S, Duan S, Long L, Zhuo L, Peng Y, Xiong Y, Li S, Peng X, Yan Y, Wang Z, Jiang W. Exploring the Therapeutic Effects of Multifunctional N-Salicylic Acid Tryptamine Derivative against Parkinson's Disease. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:28910-28923. [PMID: 37576637 PMCID: PMC10413456 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c04277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disease worldwide. Neuroinflammation and oxidative stress play an important role in the whole course of PD, which have been the focus of PD drug development. In our previous research, a series of N-salicylic acid tryptamine derivatives were synthesized, and the biological evaluation showed that the compound LZWL02003 has good anti-neuroinflammatory activity and displayed great therapeutic potency for neurodegenerative disease models. In this work, the neuroprotective efficiency of LZWL02003 against PD in vitro and in vivo has been explored. It was found that LZWL02003 could protect human neuron cells SH-SY5Y from MPP+-induced neuronal damage by inhibiting ROS generation, mitochondrial dysfunction, and cellular apoptosis. Moreover, LZWL02003 could improve cognition, memory, learning, and athletic ability in a rotenone-induced PD rat model. In general, our study has demonstrated that LZWL02003 has good activity against PD in in vitro and in vivo experiments, which can potentially be developed into a therapeutic candidate for PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuelin Li
- School
of Pharmaceutical Science, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, Hunan, China
- The
First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, Hunan, China
| | - Shuzhi Wang
- School
of Pharmaceutical Science, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, Hunan, China
| | - Shan Duan
- The
First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, Hunan, China
| | - Lin Long
- School
of Pharmaceutical Science, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, Hunan, China
| | - Linsheng Zhuo
- School
of Pharmaceutical Science, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, Hunan, China
| | - Yan Peng
- School
of Pharmaceutical Science, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, Hunan, China
| | - Yongxia Xiong
- School
of Pharmaceutical Science, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, Hunan, China
| | - Shuang Li
- School
of Pharmaceutical Science, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, Hunan, China
| | - Xue Peng
- School
of Pharmaceutical Science, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, Hunan, China
| | - Yiguo Yan
- The
First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, Hunan, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- School
of Pharmaceutical Science, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, Hunan, China
- The
First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, Hunan, China
| | - Weifan Jiang
- School
of Pharmaceutical Science, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, Hunan, China
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7
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Yang X, Tang Z. The role of pyroptosis in cognitive impairment. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1206948. [PMID: 37332874 PMCID: PMC10272378 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1206948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Cognitive impairment is a major global disease, manifests as a decline in cognitive functioning and endangers the health of the population worldwide. The incidence of cognitive impairment has increased rapidly with an increasingly aging population. Although the mechanisms of cognitive impairment have partly been elucidated with the development of molecular biological technology, treatment methods are very limited. As a unique form of programmed cell death, pyroptosis is highly pro-inflammatory and is closely associated with the incidence and progression of cognitive impairment. In this review, we discuss the molecular mechanisms of pyroptosis briefly and the research progress on the relationship between pyroptosis and cognitive impairment and its potential therapeutic values, to provide a reference for research in the field of cognitive impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Yang
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhe Tang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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8
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Liu X, Huang R, Wan J. Puerarin: a potential natural neuroprotective agent for neurological disorders. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 162:114581. [PMID: 36966665 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Puerarin is an isoflavone compound derived from Pueraria lobata in traditional Chinese medicine. Accumulating evidence has indicated that puerarin demonstrates multiple pharmacological effects and exhibits treatment potential for various neurological disorders. Based on the latest research progress on puerarin as a neuroprotective agent, its pharmacological activity, molecular mechanism, and therapeutic application were systematically reviewed with emphasis on pre-clinical studies. The related information was extracted and compiled from major scientific databases, including PubMed, ScienceDirect, SpringerLink, and Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure, using 'Puerarin', 'Neuroprotection', 'Apoptosis', 'Autophagy', 'Antioxidant', 'Mitochondria', 'Anti-inflammation' as keywords. This review complied with The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews criteria. Forty-three articles met established inclusion and exclusion criteria. Puerarin has shown neuroprotective effects against a variety of neurological disorders, including ischemic cerebrovascular disease, subarachnoid hemorrhage, epilepsy, cognitive disorders, traumatic brain injury, Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, anxiety, depression, diabetic neuropathy, and neuroblastoma/glioblastoma. Puerarin demonstrates anti-apoptosis, proinflammatory mediator inhibitory, autophagy regulatory, anti-oxidative stress, mitochondria protection, Ca2+ influx inhibitory, and anti-neurodegenerative activities. Puerarin exerts noticeable neuroprotective effects on various models of neurological disorders in vivo (animal). This review will contribute to the development of puerarin as a novel clinical drug candidate for the treatment of neurological disorders. However, well-designed, high-quality, large-scale, multicenter randomized clinical studies are needed to determine the safety and clinical utility of puerarin in patients with neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Rui Huang
- Department of Neurology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Jiye Wan
- Department of Cardiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China.
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Abdelkhalek AS, Kothayer H, Rezq S, Orabi KY, Romero DG, El-Sabbagh OI. Synthesis of new multitarget-directed ligands containing thienopyrimidine nucleus for inhibition of 15-lipoxygenase, cyclooxygenases, and pro-inflammatory cytokines. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 256:115443. [PMID: 37182334 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 04/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
A new series of thieno[2,3-d]pyrimidine derivatives 4, 5, 6a-o, and 11 was designed and synthesized starting from cyclohexanone under Gewald condition with the aim to develop multitarget-directed ligands (MTDLs) having anti-inflammatory properties against both 15-LOX and COX-2 enzymes. Moreover, the potential of the compounds against the proinflammatory mediators NO, ROS, TNF-α, and IL-6 were tested in LPS-activated RAW 264.7 macrophages. Compound 6o showed the greatest 15-LOX inhibitory effect (IC50 = 1.17 μM) which was superior to that of the reference nordihydroguaiaretic acid (NDGA, IC50 = 1.28 μM); meanwhile, compounds 6h, 6g, 11, and 4 exhibited potent activities (IC50 = 1.29-1.77 μM). The ester 4 (SI = 137.37) and the phenyl-substituted acetohydrazide 11 (SI = 132.26) showed the highest COX-2 selectivity, which was about 28 times more selective than the reference drug diclofenac (SI = 4.73), however, it was lower than that of celecoxib (SI = 219.25). Interestingly, compound 6o, which showed the highest 15-LOX inhibitory activity and 5 times higher COX-2 selectivity than diclofenac, showed a greater poteny in reducing NO (IC50 = 7.77 μM) than both celecoxib (IC50 = 22.89 μM) and diclofenac (IC50 = 25.34), but comparable activity in inhibiting TNF-α (IC50 = 11.27) to diclofenac (IC50 = 10.45 μM). Similarly, compounds 11 and 6h were more potent in reducing TNF-α and IL6 levels than diclofenac, meanwhile, compound 4 reduced ROS, NO, IL6, and TNF-α levels with comparable potency to the reference drugs celecoxib and diclofenac. Furthermore, docking studies for our compounds within 15-LOX and COX-2 active sites revealed good agreement with the biological evaluations. The proposed compounds could be promising multi-targeted anti-inflammatory candidates to treat resistant inflammatory conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed S Abdelkhalek
- Medicinal Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44519, Egypt
| | - Hend Kothayer
- Medicinal Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44519, Egypt.
| | - Samar Rezq
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Egypt; Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA; Mississippi Center of Excellence in Perinatal Research, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA; Women's Health Research Center, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA; Cardiovascular-Renal Research Center, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Khaled Y Orabi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Health Sciences Center, Kuwait University, 13110, Safat, Kuwait
| | - Damian G Romero
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA; Mississippi Center of Excellence in Perinatal Research, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA; Women's Health Research Center, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA; Cardiovascular-Renal Research Center, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Osama I El-Sabbagh
- Medicinal Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44519, Egypt
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Huang Y, Li X, Luo G, Wang J, Li R, Zhou C, Wan T, Yang F. Pyroptosis as a candidate therapeutic target for Alzheimer’s disease. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:996646. [PMID: 36185484 PMCID: PMC9520296 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.996646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Pyroptosis is a form of cell death mediated by inflammasomes and gasdermins, and the relevance of pyroptosis to neurodegenerative diseases is currently receiving increasing attention. Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a chronic progressive neurodegenerative disease that is closely associated with neuroinflammation. Its main pathological features include β-amyloid (Aβ) deposition, Tau protein hyperphosphorylation and neuronal loss. Aβ, tau-induced microglia pyroptosis and polarization leading to neuroinflammation play an important role in the pathogenesis of AD. Studying the pathogenesis and treatment of AD based on cellular pyroptosis has become a new direction in AD research. In this paper, we review the research progress of pyroptosis and will focus on the pathogenic roles of pyroptosis in AD and the role of targeted inhibition of inflammasome-dependent pyroptosis in AD treatment. These results deepen our understanding of the pathogenesis of AD and provide ideas for the development of new drugs based on the regulation of pyroptosis in AD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuehua Huang
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, Guangxi, China
- Reproductive Medicine, Guangxi Medical and Health Key Discipline Construction Project of the Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise ,Guangxi, China
| | - Xiaoyu Li
- Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Guifei Luo
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, Guangxi, China
- Reproductive Medicine, Guangxi Medical and Health Key Discipline Construction Project of the Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise ,Guangxi, China
| | - Junli Wang
- Reproductive Medicine, Guangxi Medical and Health Key Discipline Construction Project of the Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise ,Guangxi, China
- Industrial College of Biomedicine and Health Industry, Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, Guangxi, China
| | - Ranhui Li
- Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Chuyi Zhou
- Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Teng Wan
- Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
- Teng Wan,
| | - Fenglian Yang
- Industrial College of Biomedicine and Health Industry, Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, Guangxi, China
- *Correspondence: Fenglian Yang,
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11
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Zhang H, Wang Y, Wang Y, Li X, Wang S, Wang Z. Recent advance on carbamate-based cholinesterase inhibitors as potential multifunctional agents against Alzheimer's disease. Eur J Med Chem 2022; 240:114606. [PMID: 35858523 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.114606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD), as the fourth leading cause of death among the elderly worldwide, has brought enormous challenge to the society. Due to its extremely complex pathogeneses, the development of multi-target directed ligands (MTDLs) becomes the major strategy for combating AD. Carbamate moiety, as an essential building block in the development of MTDLs, exhibits structural similarity to neurotransmitter acetylcholine (ACh) and has piqued extensive attention in discovering multifunctional cholinesterase inhibitors. To date, numerous preclinical studies demonstrate that carbamate-based cholinesterase inhibitors can prominently increase the level of ACh and improve cognition impairments and behavioral deficits, providing a privileged strategy for the treatment of AD. Based on the recent research focus on the novel cholinesterase inhibitors with multiple biofunctions, this review aims at summarizing and discussing the most recent studies excavating the potential carbamate-based MTDLs with cholinesterase inhibition efficacy, to accelerate the pace of pleiotropic cholinesterase inhibitors for coping AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honghua Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Yuying Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Yuqing Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Xuelin Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China.
| | - Shuzhi Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China.
| | - Zhen Wang
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China; School of Pharmaceutical Science, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China.
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Discovery of carbamate-based N-salicyloyl tryptamine derivatives as novel pleiotropic agents for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Bioorg Chem 2022; 127:105993. [PMID: 35834980 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2022.105993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 06/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
In this work, based on the potential anti-AD molecule previously studied by our group, we continue to introduce different substituents at different positions to improve both drug-like properties and on target activities. 33 N-salicyloyl tryptamine-carbamate hybrids were designed, synthesized and evaluated as cholinesterase inhibitors. H327 was the most potent BChE inhibitor (eqBChE IC50 = 0.057 ± 0.005 μM), and showed threefold improved inhibitory potency than the positive drug rivastigmine (eqBChE IC50 = 0.19 ± 0.001 μM). In addition, H327 as a pseudo-irreversible BChE inhibitor was endowed with neuroprotective, antioxidative and anti-neuroinflammatory properties. Cytotoxicity and acute toxicity tests confirmed the safety of compound H327. The pharmacokinetics study showed that compound H327 had a longer T1/2 time and higher bioavailability than the lead compound 1 g. Compound H327 was able to cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB) in vivo. Moreover, the behavioral tests showed that compound H327 could significantly improve scopolamine-induced cognitive impairment in vivo. Overall, these results demonstrated that compound H327 is a promising multi-target agent for the treatment of AD.
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Zhou QM, Zhao HY, Ma C, Huang L, Liu J, Guo L, Peng C, Xiong L. Pocahemiketone A, a Sesquiterpenoid Possessing a Spirocyclic Skeleton with a Hemiketal Endoperoxide Unit, Alleviates Aβ 25-35-Induced Pyroptosis and Oxidative Stress in SH-SY5Y Cells. Org Lett 2022; 24:4734-4738. [PMID: 35749446 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c01587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Pocahemiketone A, a novel sesquiterpenoid possessing a unique spirocyclic skeleton with a hemiketal endoperoxide unit, was isolated from the essential oil of Pogostemon cablin. Its structure was determined by spectroscopic methods and single-crystal X-ray diffraction analyses. Pocahemiketone A exhibits a significant neuroprotective effect against Aβ25-35-induced damage in SH-SY5Y cells by inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated pyroptosis and oxidative stress. These results indicate that pocahemiketone A has great potential for use in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease.
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Carbamate-based N-Substituted Tryptamine Derivatives as Novel Pleiotropic Molecules for Alzheimer's Disease. Bioorg Chem 2022; 125:105844. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2022.105844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of carbamate derivatives of N-salicyloyl tryptamine as multifunctional agents for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Eur J Med Chem 2021; 229:114044. [PMID: 34923430 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.114044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 12/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we designed, synthesized, and evaluated a series of carbamate derivatives of N-salicyloyl tryptamine as multifunctional therapeutic agents for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD). After screening the acetylcholinesterase (AChE)/butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) inhibitory activities, target compound 1g stood out as a mixed type reversible dual inhibitor of AChE and BChE. In addition, molecular docking studies were conducted to explore the actions on AChE and BChE. The results showed that 1g could decrease the level of pro-inflammatory cytokines NO, iNOS, IL-6, TNF-α, and ROS, increase the level of anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-4, and inhibit the aggregation of Aβ1-42. Moreover, the administration of 1g suppressed the activity of AChE in the brain. In a word, the compound 1g is effective for improving learning and memory behavior, blood-brain barrier permeation, pharmacokinetics, ChE inhibition, and anti-neuroinflammation. It may be considered as a promising multi-functional therapeutic agent for further investigation for the treatment of AD.
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