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Wang L, Xu X, Chu L, Meng C, Xu L, Wang Y, Jiao Q, Huang T, Zhao Y, Liu X, Li J, Zhou B, Wang T. PEG-modified carbon-based nanoparticles as tumor-targeted drug delivery system reducing doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 168:115836. [PMID: 37925938 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 10/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Herein, a doxorubicin-loaded carbon-based drug delivery system, denoted as PC-DOX, composed of pH-responsive imine bond was developed for the tumor-targeted treatment. PC-DOX with a uniform particle size around 180 nm was synthesized by coating of as-synthesized hollow carbon-based nanoparticles (NPs) with dialdehyde PEG, which was used as carrier to attach DOX covalently through dynamic covalent bond. The unique structure endowed the advantages of specific tumor targeting and tumor microenvironment (TME) specific drug delivery capacity with PC-DOX. For the one hand, the tumor targeting caused by the enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect could significantly improve the tumor cellular uptake. For the other hand, the pH-responsiveness could realize the effective DOX accumulation in tumor tissues, avoiding the unwanted side effect to the normal tissues. As a result, PC-DOX with high DOX loading capacity (70.12%) and excellent biocompatibility, concurrently, presented a significant anti-tumor effect at a low mass concentration (DOX equivalent dose: 20 μg/mL). Another attractive characteristic of PC-DOX was the remarkable protective effect towards DOX-induced cardiotoxicity, which could be clearly observed from in vitro cellular, and animal assays. Compared with free DOX, the cardiomyocyte viability increased by average 30.58%, and the heart function was also significantly improved. This novel drug delivery nanoplatform provides a new method for the future clinical application of DOX in the cancer's therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lide Wang
- Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261053 Shandong, PR China; School of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261053 Shandong, PR China
| | - Xiufeng Xu
- Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261053 Shandong, PR China
| | - Lichao Chu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University (Weifang People's Hospital), Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261044, Shandong, PR China; School of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261053 Shandong, PR China
| | - Chun Meng
- Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261053 Shandong, PR China
| | - Longwu Xu
- Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261053 Shandong, PR China; School of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261053 Shandong, PR China
| | - Yuying Wang
- Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261053 Shandong, PR China; School of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261053 Shandong, PR China
| | - Qiuhong Jiao
- Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261053 Shandong, PR China
| | - Tao Huang
- Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261053 Shandong, PR China
| | - Yudan Zhao
- Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261053 Shandong, PR China
| | - Xiaohong Liu
- Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261053 Shandong, PR China
| | - Jingtian Li
- Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261053 Shandong, PR China
| | - Baolong Zhou
- School of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261053 Shandong, PR China.
| | - Tao Wang
- Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261053 Shandong, PR China.
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Wang J, Zhu G. Silencing of keratin 15 impairs viability and mobility while facilitating the doxorubicin chemosensitivity by inactivating the β‑catenin pathway in liver cancer. Oncol Lett 2023; 26:447. [PMID: 37720670 PMCID: PMC10502946 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2023.14034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Keratin 15 (KRT15) regulates the invasion as well as the stemness and is associated with tumor size and metastasis of several gastrointestinal cancers apart from liver cancer. The present study aimed to explore the effect of KRT15 knockdown on liver cancer malignant behaviors and its interaction with the β-catenin pathway. Small interfering (si)-KRT15 and si-negative control (NC) were transfected into liver cancer cell lines, followed by the addition or not of CHIR-99021 (a β-catenin agonist). Cell viability, invasion, apoptosis, and the half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) value of doxorubicin (Dox) were then assessed. The present study illustrated that KRT15 gene and protein expression levels were upregulated in most liver cancer cell lines (Huh7, PLC, Hep3B and HepG2) compared to the normal liver cell line THLE-2. si-KRT15 reduced cell viability and invasive cell count while promoting the apoptosis rate in Huh7 and HepG2 cells. In addition, si-KRT15 also reduced the IC50 value of Dox. Furthermore, si-KRT15 inactivated the β-catenin pathway as reflected by β-catenin, cyclin D1 and c-Myc expression levels in Huh7 and HepG2 cells. Subsequently, CHIR-99021 treatment increased the cell viability and invasive cell count while reducing the apoptosis rate in Huh7 and HepG2 cells. Concurrently, the IC50 value of Dox was also increased. Notably, CHIR-99021 treatment attenuated the effect of si-KRT15 on mediating the aforementioned Huh7 and HepG2 cell malignant behaviors and Dox chemosensitivity. In conclusion, KRT15 knockdown suppressed viability and mobility but facilitated Dox chemosensitivity via inactivating the β-catenin pathway in liver cancer, suggesting its potential as a target for liver cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junying Wang
- Department of Interventional Radiology and Vascular Surgery, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, P.R. China
| | - Guangyu Zhu
- Department of Interventional Radiology and Vascular Surgery, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, P.R. China
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3
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Voycheva C, Slavkova M, Popova T, Tzankova D, Stefanova D, Tzankova V, Ivanova I, Tzankov S, Spassova I, Kovacheva D, Tzankov B. Thermosensitive Hydrogel-Functionalized Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles for Parenteral Application of Chemotherapeutics. Gels 2023; 9:769. [PMID: 37754450 PMCID: PMC10530711 DOI: 10.3390/gels9090769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 09/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Hydrogels can offer many opportunities for drug delivery strategies. They can be used on their own, or their benefits can be further exploited in combination with other nanocarriers. Intelligent hydrogels that react to changes in the surrounding environment can be utilized as gatekeepers and provide sustained on-demand drug release. In this study, a hybrid nanosystem for temperature- and pH-sensitive delivery was prepared from MCM-41 nanoparticles grafted with a newly synthesized thermosensitive hydrogel (MCM-41/AA-g-PnVCL). The initial particles were chemically modified by the attachment of carboxyl groups. Later, they were grafted with agar (AA) and vinylcaprolactam (VCL) by free radical polymerization. Doxorubicin was applied as a model hydrophilic chemotherapeutic drug. The successful formulation was confirmed by FT-IR and TGA. Transmission electron microscopy and dynamic light scattering analysis showed small particles with negative zeta potential. Their release behaviour was investigated in vitro in media with different pH and at different temperatures. Under tumour simulating conditions (40 °C and pH 4.0), doxorubicin was almost completely released within 72 h. The biocompatibility of the proposed nanoparticles was demonstrated by in vitro haemolysis assay. These results suggest the possible parenteral application of the newly prepared hydrogel-functionalized mesoporous silica nanoparticles for temperature-sensitive and pH-triggered drug delivery at the tumour site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Voycheva
- Department Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University—Sofia, 1000 Sofia, Bulgaria; (C.V.); (T.P.); (B.T.)
| | - Marta Slavkova
- Department Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University—Sofia, 1000 Sofia, Bulgaria; (C.V.); (T.P.); (B.T.)
| | - Teodora Popova
- Department Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University—Sofia, 1000 Sofia, Bulgaria; (C.V.); (T.P.); (B.T.)
| | - Diana Tzankova
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University—Sofia, 1000 Sofia, Bulgaria;
| | - Denitsa Stefanova
- Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacotherapy and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University—Sofia, 1000 Sofia, Bulgaria; (D.S.); (V.T.)
| | - Virginia Tzankova
- Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacotherapy and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University—Sofia, 1000 Sofia, Bulgaria; (D.S.); (V.T.)
| | - Ivelina Ivanova
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University—Pleven, 5800 Pleven, Bulgaria; (I.I.); (S.T.)
| | - Stanislav Tzankov
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University—Pleven, 5800 Pleven, Bulgaria; (I.I.); (S.T.)
| | - Ivanka Spassova
- Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; (I.S.); (D.K.)
| | - Daniela Kovacheva
- Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; (I.S.); (D.K.)
| | - Borislav Tzankov
- Department Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University—Sofia, 1000 Sofia, Bulgaria; (C.V.); (T.P.); (B.T.)
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Sun Q, Liang J, Lin Y, Zhang Y, Yan F, Wu W. Preparation of nano-sized multi-vesicular vesicles (MVVs) and its application in co-delivery of doxorubicin and curcumin. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2023; 229:113471. [PMID: 37523805 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2023.113471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2023] [Revised: 07/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
Multi-vesicular vesicles (MVVs) offer structural advantages in terms of drug encapsulation and physiological stability. In this study, we address the challenge of preparing small-sized MVVs for drug delivery. The nano-sized MVVs (∼120 nm) loaded with doxorubicin (DOX) and curcumin (CUR) (DOX/CUR@MVVs) were successfully prepared using a glass bead combined with a thin film dispersion method. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and dynamic light scattering (DLS) analysis confirmed the independent non-homocentric vesicle structures of DOX/CUR@MVVs with homogeneous particle sizes. The experimental results showed high encapsulation rates of DOX and CUR in DOX/CUR@MVVs, reaching 82.5 ± 0.75 % and 85.9 ± 0.69 %, respectively. Moreover, the MVVs exhibited good biosafety and sustained release properties. Notably, the bioavailability of DOX and CUR in DOX/CUR@MVVs was enhanced compared to free DOX and CUR, with increases of 4.2 and 2.1 times, respectively. And the half-life of DOX and CUR was extended by 10 times in DOX/CUR@MVVs. In vivo antitumor experiments demonstrated that nano-sized DOX/CUR@MVVs significantly improved the antitumor activity while reducing the toxic side effects of DOX. Overall, the successful preparation of nano-sized DOX/CUR@MVVs and their potent and low-toxic antitumor effects provide a critical experimental reference for the combined antitumor therapy of MVVs and liposomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiankun Sun
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China
| | - Ju Liang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China.
| | - Yang Lin
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China
| | - Yunyun Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China
| | - Fuqing Yan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China
| | - Wenlan Wu
- School of Basic Medicine and Forensic Medicine, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China
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Szota M, Jachimska B. Effect of Alkaline Conditions on Forming an Effective G4.0 PAMAM Complex with Doxorubicin. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15030875. [PMID: 36986735 PMCID: PMC10057121 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15030875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, special attention was paid to the correlation between the degree of ionization of the components and the effective formation of the complex under alkaline conditions. Using UV-Vis, 1H NMR, and CD, structural changes of the drug depending on the pH were monitored. In the pH range of 9.0 to 10.0, the G4.0 PAMAM dendrimer can bind 1 to 10 DOX molecules, while the efficiency increases with the concentration of the drug relative to the carrier. The binding efficiency was described by the parameters of loading content (LC = 4.80-39.20%) and encapsulation efficiency (EE = 17.21-40.16%), whose values increased twofold or even fourfold depending on the conditions. The highest efficiency was obtained for G4.0PAMAM-DOX at a molar ratio of 1:24. Nevertheless, regardless of the conditions, the DLS study indicates system aggregation. Changes in the zeta potential confirm the immobilization of an average of two drug molecules on the dendrimer's surface. Circular dichroism spectra analysis shows a stable dendrimer-drug complex for all the systems obtained. Since the doxorubicin molecule can simultaneously act as a therapeutic and an imaging agent, the theranostic properties of the PAMAM-DOX system have been demonstrated by the high fluorescence intensity observable on fluorescence microscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Szota
- Jerzy Haber Institute of Catalysis and Surface Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, 30-239 Krakow, Poland
| | - Barbara Jachimska
- Jerzy Haber Institute of Catalysis and Surface Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, 30-239 Krakow, Poland
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6
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Discovery of endosomalytic cell-penetrating peptides based on bacterial membrane-targeting sequences. Bioorg Chem 2023; 134:106424. [PMID: 36868126 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2023.106424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 02/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
Cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) are prominent scaffolds for drug developments and related research, particularly the endocytic delivery of biomacromolecules. Effective cargo release from endosomes prior to lysosomal degradation is a crucial step, where the rational design and selection of CPPs remains a challenge and calls for deeper mechanistic understandings. Here, we have investigated a strategy of designing CPPs that selectively disrupt endosomal membranes based on bacterial membrane targeting sequences (MTSs). Six synthesized MTS peptides all exhibit cell-penetrating abilities, among which two d-peptides (d-EcMTS and d-TpMTS) are able to escape from endosomes and localize at ER after entering the cell. The utility of this strategy has been demonstrated by the intracellular delivery of green fluorescent protein (GFP). Together, these results suggest that the large pool of bacterial MTSs may be a rich source for the development of novel CPPs.
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7
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Chen G, Chang Z, Yuan P, Wang S, Yang Y, Liang X, Zhao D. Late-stage functionalization of 5-nitrofurans derivatives and their antibacterial activities. RSC Adv 2023; 13:3204-3209. [PMID: 36756397 PMCID: PMC9853512 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra07676d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Structure modification of drugs is a reliable way to optimize lead compounds, among which the most striking and direct method is late-stage functionalization (LSF). Here, we employed the Cu-catalyzed C-H LSF to modify 5-nitrofuran drugs. A series of modifications have been carried out including hydroxylation, methylation, azidination, cyanation, arylation, etc. Antibacterial activities of all compounds in vitro were measured. The results showed that compound 1 and compound 18 were the most active among all compounds. Meanwhile, the cell cytotoxicity assays of potent compounds 1, 3, 4, 5 & 18 and the parent drug FZD were conducted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geshuyi Chen
- The First Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University Lanzhou China
| | - Zhe Chang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou China
| | - Pei Yuan
- The First Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University Lanzhou China
| | - Si Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou China
| | - Yongxiu Yang
- The First Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University Lanzhou China .,The First Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University. Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Key Laboratory for Gynecologic Oncology Lanzhou 730000 Gansu Province China .,Lead Contact China
| | - Xiaolei Liang
- The First Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University Lanzhou China .,The First Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University. Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Key Laboratory for Gynecologic Oncology Lanzhou 730000 Gansu Province China
| | - Depeng Zhao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou China
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Rehman S, Madni A, Jameel QA, Usman F, Raza MR, Ahmad F, Shoukat H, Aali H, Shafiq A. Natural Polymer-Based Graphene Oxide Bio-nanocomposite Hydrogel Beads: Superstructures with Advanced Potentials for Drug Delivery. AAPS PharmSciTech 2022; 23:304. [PMID: 36396831 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-022-02456-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The current study sought to create graphene oxide-based superstructures for gastrointestinal drug delivery. Graphene oxide has a large surface area that can be used to load anti-cancer drugs via non-covalent methods such as surface adsorption and hydrogen bonding. To enhance the bio-applicability of graphene oxide, nano-hybrids were synthesized by encapsulating the graphene oxide into calcium alginate hydrogel beads through the dripping-extrusion technique. These newly developed bio-nanocomposite hybrid hydrogel beads were evaluated in structural analysis, swelling study, drug release parameters, haemolytic assay, and antibacterial activity. Doxorubicin served as a model drug. The drug entrapment efficiency was determined by UV-spectroscopy analysis and was found to be high at ⁓89% in graphene oxide hybrid hydrogel beads. These fabricated hydrogel beads ensure the drug release from a hybrid polymeric matrix in a more controlled and sustained pattern avoiding the problems associated with a non-hybrid polymeric system. The drug release study of 12 h shows about 83% release at pH 6.8. In vitro drug release kinetics proved that drug release was a Fickian mechanism. The cytotoxic effect of graphene oxide hybrid alginate beads was also determined by evaluating the morphology of bacterial cells and red blood cells after incubation. Additionally, it was determined that the sequential encapsulation of graphene oxide in alginate hydrogel beads hides its uneven edges and lessens the graphene oxide's negative impacts. Also, the antibacterial study and biocompatibility of fabricated hydrogel beads made them potential candidates for gastrointestinal delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadia Rehman
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Asadullah Madni
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan.
| | - Qazi Adnan Jameel
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Faisal Usman
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
| | - M Rafi Raza
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, COMSATS University Islamabad, Sahiwal Campus, Sahiwal, Pakistan
| | - Faiz Ahmad
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Seri Iskandar, Perak, Malaysia
| | - Hina Shoukat
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
- Quaid-E-Azam College of Pharmacy, Sahiwal, 57000, Pakistan
| | - Hamdan Aali
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Afifa Shafiq
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
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Zhang B, Zhang Y, Dang W, Xing B, Yu C, Guo P, Pi J, Deng X, Qi D, Liu Z. The anti-tumor and renoprotection study of E-[c(RGDfK)2]/folic acid co-modified nanostructured lipid carrier loaded with doxorubicin hydrochloride/salvianolic acid A. J Nanobiotechnology 2022; 20:425. [PMID: 36153589 PMCID: PMC9509648 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-022-01628-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Poor in vivo targeting of tumors by chemotherapeutic drugs reduces their anti-cancer efficacy in the clinic. The discovery of over-expressed components on the tumor cell surface and their specific ligands provide a basis for targeting tumor cells. However, the differences in the expression levels of these receptors on the tumor cell surface limit the clinical application of anti-tumor preparations modified by a single ligand. Meanwhile, toxicity of chemotherapeutic drugs leads to poor tolerance to anti-tumor therapy. The discovery of natural active products antagonizing these toxic side effects offers an avenue for relieving cancer patients’ pain during the treatment process. Since the advent of nanotechnology, interventions, such as loading appropriate drug combinations into nano-sized carriers and multiple tumor-targeting functional modifications on the carrier surface to enhance the anti-tumor effect and reduce toxic and side effects, have been widely used for treating tumors.
Results
Nanocarriers containing doxorubicin hydrochloride (DOX) and salvianolic acid A (Sal A) are spherical with a diameter of about 18 nm; the encapsulation efficiency of both DOX and salvianolic acid A is greater than 80%. E-[c(RGDfK)2]/folic acid (FA) co-modification enabled nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC) to efficiently target a variety of tumor cells, including 4T1, MDA-MB-231, MCF-7, and A549 cells in vitro. Compared with other preparations (Sal A solution, NLC-Sal A, DOX solution, DOX injection, Sal A/DOX solution, NLC-DOX, NLC-Sal A/DOX, and E-[c(RGDfK)2]/FA-NLC-Sal A/DOX) in this experiment, the prepared E-[c(RGDfK)2]/FA-NLC-Sal A/DOX had the best anti-tumor effect. Compared with the normal saline group, it had the highest tumor volume inhibition rate (90.72%), the highest tumor weight inhibition rate (83.94%), led to the highest proportion of apoptosis among the tumor cells (61.30%) and the lowest fluorescence intensity of proliferation among the tumor cells (0.0083 ± 0.0011). Moreover, E-[c(RGDfK)2]/FA-NLC-Sal A/DOX had a low level of nephrotoxicity, with a low creatinine (Cre) concentration of 52.58 μmoL/L in the blood of mice, and no abnormalities were seen on pathological examination of the isolated kidneys at the end of the study. Sal A can antagonize the nephrotoxic effect of DOX. Free Sal A reduced the Cre concentration of the free DOX group by 61.64%. In NLC groups, Sal A reduced the Cre concentration of the DOX group by 42.47%. The E-[c(RGDfK)2]/FA modification reduced the side effects of the drug on the kidney, and the Cre concentration was reduced by 46.35% compared with the NLC-Sal A/DOX group. These interventions can potentially improve the tolerance of cancer patients to chemotherapy.
Conclusion
The E-[c(RGDfK)2]/FA co-modified DOX/Sal A multifunctional nano-drug delivery system has a good therapeutic effect on tumors and low nephrotoxicity and is a promising anti-cancer strategy.
Graphical Abstract
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Congo Red as a Supramolecular Carrier System for Doxorubicin: An Approach to Understanding the Mechanism of Action. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23168935. [PMID: 36012200 PMCID: PMC9408855 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23168935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 08/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The uptake and distribution of doxorubicin in the MCF7 line of breast-cancer cells were monitored by Raman measurements. It was demonstrated that bioavailability of doxorubicin can be significantly enhanced by applying Congo red. To understand the mechanism of doxorubicin delivery by Congo red supramolecular carriers, additional monolayer measurements and molecular dynamics simulations on model membranes were undertaken. Acting as molecular scissors, Congo red particles cut doxorubicin aggregates and incorporated them into small-sized Congo red clusters. The mixed doxorubicin/Congo red clusters were adsorbed to the hydrophilic part of the model membrane. Such behavior promoted transfer through the membrane.
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Liang J, Guo R, Xuan M, Sun Q, Wu W. An Acid-Sensitive Nanofiber Conjugate Based on a Short Aromatic Peptide for Targeted Delivery of Doxorubicin in Liver Cancer. Int J Nanomedicine 2022; 17:2961-2973. [PMID: 35818401 PMCID: PMC9270908 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s359642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose This study aimed to construct a DOX conjugate with liver tumor targeting and acid sensitivity based on a short aromatic peptide FFYEE, which could amplify the tumor inhibition efficacy of DOX and alleviate tissue toxicity. Methods A novel DOX-peptide conjugate, D-gal-FFYEE-hyd-DOX, was constructed by linking DOX to the side chain of FFYEE with acid-sensitive hydrazone bond and by modifying the C-terminal of peptide with α-D-galactosamine (D-gal) as targeting ligand. The structure of D-gal-FFYEE-hyd-DOX was characterized by mass spectrometry, infrared spectroscopy (IR), and UV-Vis spectroscopy (UV-Vis). The assembly characteristics of pentapeptide FFYEE and D-gal-FFYEE-hyd-DOX were observed by transmission electron microscope (TEM). In vitro drug release, cytotoxicity, endocytosis, in vivo antitumor experiment and histopathology analysis were investigated. Results Peptide FFYEE endowed the D-gal-FFYEE-hyd-DOX with self-assembly performance and improved biocompatibility. D-gal-FFYEE-hyd-DOX can self-assemble into nanofibers with a diameter of ~ 40 nm in neutral aqueous solution and significantly reduced the cytotoxicity of free DOX to L02 cells. In vitro drug release results showed that D-gal-FFYEE-hyd-DOX had acid sensitivity and controlled release characteristics. The cytotoxicity and endocytosis investigations confirmed that D-gal-FFYEE-hyd-DOX enhanced the cellular uptake of DOX and inhibition effect on HepG2 cells. In vivo antitumor experiment indicated that D-gal-FFYEE-hyd-DOX could significantly inhibit the growth of liver tumor in mice and reduce the side effects of DOX. Conclusion The conjugate D-gal-FFYEE-hyd-DOX with liver tumor targeting and acid sensitivity has the characteristics of strong tumor inhibition and low toxicity, hinting the great clinical application potential for targeted delivery of DOX in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju Liang
- School of Chemical Engineer and Pharmacy, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Ju Liang, School of Chemical Engineer and Pharmacy, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471023, People’s Republic of China, Email
| | - Runfa Guo
- School of Chemical Engineer and Pharmacy, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Maosong Xuan
- School of Chemical Engineer and Pharmacy, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qiankun Sun
- School of Chemical Engineer and Pharmacy, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenlan Wu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, People’s Republic of China
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Ahmad I, Khan MFA, Rahdar A, Hussain S, Tareen FK, Salim MW, Ajalli N, Amirzada MI, Khan A. Design and Evaluation of pH Sensitive PEG-Protamine Nanocomplex of Doxorubicin for Treatment of Breast Cancer. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14122403. [PMID: 35745979 PMCID: PMC9229304 DOI: 10.3390/polym14122403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2022] [Revised: 05/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is the most common cause of mortality worldwide. There is dire need of modern strategies—such as surface modification of nanocarriers—to combat this global illness. Incorporation of active targeting ligands has arisen as a novel platform for specific tumor targeting. The aim of the current study was to formulate PEG-protamine complex (PPC) of doxorubicin (DOX) for treatment of breast cancer (BC). DOX coupling with PEG can enhance cell-penetrating ability: combating resistance in MDA-MB 231 breast cancer cells. Ionic gelation method was adopted to fabricate a pH sensitive nanocomplex. The optimized nanoformulation was characterized for its particle diameter, zeta potential, surface morphology, entrapment efficiency, crystallinity, and molecular interaction. In vitro assay was executed to gauge the release potential of nanoformulation. The mean particle size, zeta potential, and polydispersity index (PDI) of the optimized nanoparticles were observed to be 212 nm, 15.2 mV, and 0.264, respectively. Crystallinity studies and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis revealed no molecular interaction and confirmed the amorphous nature of drug within nanoparticles. The in vitro release data indicate sustained drug release at pH 4.8, which is intracellular pH of breast cancer cells, as compared to the drug solution. PPC loaded with doxorubicin can be utilized as an alternative and effective approach for specific targeting of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ikhlaque Ahmad
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan; (I.A.); (M.F.A.K.); (S.H.); (M.W.S.)
| | - Muhammad Farhan Ali Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan; (I.A.); (M.F.A.K.); (S.H.); (M.W.S.)
| | - Abbas Rahdar
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Zabol, Zabol 98613-35856, Iran
- Correspondence: (A.R.); (M.I.A.); (A.K.)
| | - Saddam Hussain
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan; (I.A.); (M.F.A.K.); (S.H.); (M.W.S.)
| | - Fahad Khan Tareen
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Capital University of Science and Technology, Islamabad Expressway, Kahuta Road, Zone-V, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan;
| | - Muhammad Waqas Salim
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan; (I.A.); (M.F.A.K.); (S.H.); (M.W.S.)
| | - Narges Ajalli
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran 98613-35859, Iran;
| | - Muhammad Imran Amirzada
- Department of Pharmacy, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad 22010, Pakistan
- Correspondence: (A.R.); (M.I.A.); (A.K.)
| | - Ahmad Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan; (I.A.); (M.F.A.K.); (S.H.); (M.W.S.)
- Correspondence: (A.R.); (M.I.A.); (A.K.)
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Dietary Phytochemicals Targeting Nrf2 to Enhance the Radiosensitivity of Cancer. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:7848811. [PMID: 35368867 PMCID: PMC8967572 DOI: 10.1155/2022/7848811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Nowadays, cancer has become the second leading cause of death worldwide. Radiotherapy (RT) is the mainstay in management of carcinoma; however, overcoming radioresistance remains a great challenge to successfully treat cancer. Nrf2 is a key transcription factor that is responsible for maintaining cellular redox homeostasis. Activation of Nrf2 signaling pathway could upregulate multifarious antioxidant and detoxifying enzymes, further scavenging excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS). Despite its cytoprotective roles in normal cells, it could also alleviate oxidative stress and DNA damage caused by RT in cancer cells, thus promoting cancer cell survival. Accumulating evidence indicates that overactivation of Nrf2 is associated with radioresistance; therefore, targeting Nrf2 is a promising strategy to enhance radiosensitivity. Dietary phytochemicals coming from natural products are characterized by low cost, low toxicity, and general availability. Numerous phytochemicals are reported to regulate Nrf2 and intensify the killing capability of RT through diverse mechanisms, including promoting oxidative stress, proapoptosis, and proautophagy as well as inhibiting Nrf2-mediated cytoprotective genes expression. This review summarizes recent advances in radiosensitizing effects of dietary phytochemicals by targeting Nrf2 and discusses the underlying mechanisms, including N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification of Nrf2 mediated by phytochemicals in cancer.
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