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Jing H, Wu X, Xiang M, Wang C, Novakovic VA, Shi J. Microparticle Phosphatidylserine Mediates Coagulation: Involvement in Tumor Progression and Metastasis. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15071957. [PMID: 37046617 PMCID: PMC10093313 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15071957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor progression and cancer metastasis has been linked to the release of microparticles (MPs), which are shed upon cell activation or apoptosis and display parental cell antigens, phospholipids such as phosphatidylserine (PS), and nucleic acids on their external surfaces. In this review, we highlight the biogenesis of MPs as well as the pathophysiological processes of PS externalization and its involvement in coagulation activation. We review the available evidence, suggesting that coagulation factors (mainly tissue factor, thrombin, and fibrin) assist in multiple steps of tumor dissemination, including epithelial-mesenchymal transition, extracellular matrix remodeling, immune escape, and tumor angiogenesis to support the formation of the pre-metastatic niche. Platelets are not just bystander cells in circulation but are functional players in primary tumor growth and metastasis. Tumor-induced platelet aggregation protects circulating tumor cells (CTCs) from the blood flow shear forces and immune cell attack while also promoting the binding of CTCs to endothelial cells and extravasation, which activates tumor invasion and sustains metastasis. Finally, in terms of therapy, lactadherin can inhibit coagulation by competing effectively with coagulation factors for PS binding sites and may similarly delay tumor progression. Furthermore, we also investigate the therapeutic potential of coagulation factor inhibitors within the context of cancer treatment. The development of multiple therapies targeting platelet activation and platelet-tumor cell interactions may not only reduce the lethal consequences of thrombosis but also impede tumor growth and spread.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haijiao Jing
- Department of Hematology, The First Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Xiaoming Wu
- Department of Hematology, The First Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Mengqi Xiang
- Department of Hematology, The First Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Chengyue Wang
- Department of Hematology, The First Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Valerie A Novakovic
- Department of Research, VA Boston Healthcare System, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02132, USA
| | - Jialan Shi
- Department of Hematology, The First Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China
- Department of Research, VA Boston Healthcare System, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02132, USA
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02132, USA
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2
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Morais KLP, Ciccone L, Stura E, Alvarez-Flores MP, Mourier G, Driessche MV, Sciani JM, Iqbal A, Kalil SP, Pereira GJ, Marques-Porto R, Cunegundes P, Juliano L, Servent D, Chudzinski-Tavassi AM. Structural and functional properties of the Kunitz-type and C-terminal domains of Amblyomin-X supporting its antitumor activity. Front Mol Biosci 2023; 10:1072751. [PMID: 36845546 PMCID: PMC9948614 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2023.1072751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Amblyomin-X is a Kunitz-type FXa inhibitor identified through the transcriptome analysis of the salivary gland from Amblyomma sculptum tick. This protein consists of two domains of equivalent size, triggers apoptosis in different tumor cell lines, and promotes regression of tumor growth, and reduction of metastasis. To study the structural properties and functional roles of the N-terminal (N-ter) and C-terminal (C-ter) domains of Amblyomin-X, we synthesized them by solid-phase peptide synthesis, solved the X-Ray crystallographic structure of the N-ter domain, confirming its Kunitz-type signature, and studied their biological properties. We show here that the C-ter domain is responsible for the uptake of Amblyomin-X by tumor cells and highlight the ability of this domain to deliver intracellular cargo by the strong enhancement of the intracellular detection of molecules with low cellular-uptake efficiency (p15) after their coupling with the C-ter domain. In contrast, the N-ter Kunitz domain of Amblyomin-X is not capable of crossing through the cell membrane but is associated with tumor cell cytotoxicity when it is microinjected into the cells or fused to TAT cell-penetrating peptide. Additionally, we identify the minimum length C-terminal domain named F2C able to enter in the SK-MEL-28 cells and induces dynein chains gene expression modulation, a molecular motor that plays a role in the uptake and intracellular trafficking of Amblyomin-X.
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Affiliation(s)
- K. L. P. Morais
- Center of Excellence in New Target Discovery (CENTD), Butantan Institute, São Paulo, Brazil,Laboratory of Development and Innovation, Butantan Institute, São Paulo, Brazil,Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - L. Ciccone
- Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé (DMTS), Université Paris-Saclay, CEA SIMoS, Gif-sur-Yvette, France,Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - E. Stura
- Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé (DMTS), Université Paris-Saclay, CEA SIMoS, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - M. P. Alvarez-Flores
- Center of Excellence in New Target Discovery (CENTD), Butantan Institute, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - G. Mourier
- Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé (DMTS), Université Paris-Saclay, CEA SIMoS, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - M. Vanden Driessche
- Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé (DMTS), Université Paris-Saclay, CEA SIMoS, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - J. M. Sciani
- Center of Excellence in New Target Discovery (CENTD), Butantan Institute, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - A. Iqbal
- Center of Excellence in New Target Discovery (CENTD), Butantan Institute, São Paulo, Brazil,Laboratory of Development and Innovation, Butantan Institute, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - S. P. Kalil
- Center of Excellence in New Target Discovery (CENTD), Butantan Institute, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - G. J. Pereira
- Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - R. Marques-Porto
- Laboratory of Development and Innovation, Butantan Institute, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - P. Cunegundes
- Center of Excellence in New Target Discovery (CENTD), Butantan Institute, São Paulo, Brazil,Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - L. Juliano
- Department of Biophysics, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - D. Servent
- Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé (DMTS), Université Paris-Saclay, CEA SIMoS, Gif-sur-Yvette, France,*Correspondence: D. Servent, ; A. M. Chudzinski-Tavassi,
| | - A. M. Chudzinski-Tavassi
- Center of Excellence in New Target Discovery (CENTD), Butantan Institute, São Paulo, Brazil,Laboratory of Development and Innovation, Butantan Institute, São Paulo, Brazil,*Correspondence: D. Servent, ; A. M. Chudzinski-Tavassi,
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3
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Tick Salivary Kunitz-Type Inhibitors: Targeting Host Hemostasis and Immunity to Mediate Successful Blood Feeding. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24021556. [PMID: 36675071 PMCID: PMC9865953 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Kunitz domain-containing proteins are ubiquitous serine protease inhibitors with promising therapeutic potential. They target key proteases involved in major cellular processes such as inflammation or hemostasis through competitive inhibition in a substrate-like manner. Protease inhibitors from the Kunitz superfamily have a low molecular weight (18-24 kDa) and are characterized by the presence of one or more Kunitz motifs consisting of α-helices and antiparallel β-sheets stabilized by three disulfide bonds. Kunitz-type inhibitors are an important fraction of the protease inhibitors found in tick saliva. Their roles in inhibiting and/or suppressing host homeostatic responses continue to be shown to be additive or synergistic with other protease inhibitors such as cystatins or serpins, ultimately mediating successful blood feeding for the tick. In this review, we discuss the biochemical features of tick salivary Kunitz-type protease inhibitors. We focus on their various effects on host hemostasis and immunity at the molecular and cellular level and their potential therapeutic applications. In doing so, we highlight that their pharmacological properties can be exploited for the development of novel therapies and vaccines.
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4
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Lobba ARM, Alvarez-Flores MP, Fessel MR, Buri MV, Oliveira DS, Gomes RN, Cunegundes PS, DeOcesano-Pereira C, Cinel VD, Chudzinski-Tavassi AM. A Kunitz-type inhibitor from tick salivary glands: A promising novel antitumor drug candidate. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:936107. [PMID: 36052162 PMCID: PMC9424826 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.936107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Salivary glands are vital structures responsible for successful tick feeding. The saliva of ticks contains numerous active molecules that participate in several physiological processes. A Kunitz-type factor Xa (FXa) inhibitor, similar to the tissue factor pathway inhibitor (TFPI) precursor, was identified in the salivary gland transcriptome of Amblyomma sculptum ticks. The recombinant mature form of this Kunitz-type inhibitor, named Amblyomin-X, displayed anticoagulant, antiangiogenic, and antitumor properties. Amblyomin-X is a protein that inhibits FXa in the blood coagulation cascade and acts via non-hemostatic mechanisms, such as proteasome inhibition. Amblyomin-X selectively induces apoptosis in cancer cells and promotes tumor regression through these mechanisms. Notably, the cytotoxicity of Amblyomin-X seems to be restricted to tumor cells and does not affect non-tumorigenic cells, tissues, and organs, making this recombinant protein an attractive molecule for anticancer therapy. The cytotoxic activity of Amblyomin-X on tumor cells has led to vast exploration into this protein. Here, we summarize the function, action mechanisms, structural features, pharmacokinetics, and biodistribution of this tick Kunitz-type inhibitor recombinant protein as a promising novel antitumor drug candidate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline R. M. Lobba
- Centre of Excellence in New Target Discovery-CENTD, Butantan Institute, São Paulo, Brazil
- Development and Innovation Centre, Butantan Institute, Butantan Institute, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Miryam Paola Alvarez-Flores
- Centre of Excellence in New Target Discovery-CENTD, Butantan Institute, São Paulo, Brazil
- Development and Innovation Centre, Butantan Institute, Butantan Institute, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Melissa Regina Fessel
- Centre of Excellence in New Target Discovery-CENTD, Butantan Institute, São Paulo, Brazil
- Development and Innovation Centre, Butantan Institute, Butantan Institute, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcus Vinicius Buri
- Centre of Excellence in New Target Discovery-CENTD, Butantan Institute, São Paulo, Brazil
- Development and Innovation Centre, Butantan Institute, Butantan Institute, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Douglas S. Oliveira
- Centre of Excellence in New Target Discovery-CENTD, Butantan Institute, São Paulo, Brazil
- Development and Innovation Centre, Butantan Institute, Butantan Institute, São Paulo, Brazil
- Biochemistry Department, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Renata N. Gomes
- Centre of Excellence in New Target Discovery-CENTD, Butantan Institute, São Paulo, Brazil
- Development and Innovation Centre, Butantan Institute, Butantan Institute, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Priscila S. Cunegundes
- Centre of Excellence in New Target Discovery-CENTD, Butantan Institute, São Paulo, Brazil
- Development and Innovation Centre, Butantan Institute, Butantan Institute, São Paulo, Brazil
- Biochemistry Department, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carlos DeOcesano-Pereira
- Centre of Excellence in New Target Discovery-CENTD, Butantan Institute, São Paulo, Brazil
- Development and Innovation Centre, Butantan Institute, Butantan Institute, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Victor D. Cinel
- Centre of Excellence in New Target Discovery-CENTD, Butantan Institute, São Paulo, Brazil
- Development and Innovation Centre, Butantan Institute, Butantan Institute, São Paulo, Brazil
- Biochemistry Department, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana M. Chudzinski-Tavassi
- Centre of Excellence in New Target Discovery-CENTD, Butantan Institute, São Paulo, Brazil
- Development and Innovation Centre, Butantan Institute, Butantan Institute, São Paulo, Brazil
- Biochemistry Department, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Ana M. Chudzinski-Tavassi,
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5
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Schön MP. The tick and I: Parasite-host interactions between ticks and humans. J Dtsch Dermatol Ges 2022; 20:818-853. [PMID: 35674196 DOI: 10.1111/ddg.14821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Ticks, particularly hard ticks (Ixodidae), which are among the most important vectors of dangerous infectious agents, feed on their hosts for extended periods of time. With this lifestyle, numerous adaptations have evolved in ticks and their hosts, the pharmacological importance of which is increasingly being recognized. Many bioactive substances in tick saliva are being considered as the basis of new drugs. For example, components of tick cement can be developed into tissue adhesives or wound closures. Analgesic and antipruritic salivary components inhibit histamine or bradykinin, while other tick-derived molecules bind opioid or cannabinoid receptors. Tick saliva inhibits the extrinsic, intrinsic, or common pathway of blood coagulation with implications for the treatment of thromboembolic diseases. It contains vasodilating substances and affects wound healing. The broad spectrum of immunomodulatory and immunosuppressive effects of tick saliva, such as inhibition of chemokines or cellular immune responses, allows development of drugs against inflammation in autoimmune diseases and/or infections. Finally, modern vaccines against ticks can curb the spread of serious infections. The medical importance of the complex tick-host interactions is increasingly being recognized and translated into first clinical applications. Using selected examples, an overview of the mutual adaptations of ticks and hosts is given here, focusing on their significance to medical advance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael P Schön
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Germany
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6
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Schön MP. Die Zecke und ich: Parasiten-Wirt-Interaktionen zwischen Zecken und Menschen. J Dtsch Dermatol Ges 2022; 20:818-855. [PMID: 35711058 DOI: 10.1111/ddg.14821_g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael P Schön
- Klinik für Dermatologie, Venerologie und Allergologie, Universitätsmedizin Göttingen
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7
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Pavon LF, Capper D, Sibov TT, de Toledo SRC, Thomale UW, de Souza JG, Cabral FR, Berra CM, Silva da Costa MD, Mendonça Niçacio J, Dastoli PA, de Oliveira DM, Malheiros SMF, da Cruz EF, Malheiros JM, de Oliveira SM, Silva NS, Petrilli AS, Cappellano AM, Brunialti MC, Salomão R, de Paiva Neto MA, Chudzinski-Tavassi AM, Cavalheiro S. New therapeutic target for pediatric anaplastic ependymoma control: study of anti-tumor activity by a Kunitz-type molecule, Amblyomin-X. Sci Rep 2019; 9:9973. [PMID: 31292491 PMCID: PMC6620274 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-45799-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 05/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
EPNs comprise a heterogeneous group of neuroepithelial tumors, accounting for about 10% of all intracranial tumors in children and up to 30% of brain tumors in those younger than 3 years. Actually, the pattern therapy for low-grade EPNs includes complete surgical resection followed by radiation therapy. Total surgical excision is often not possible due to tumor location. The aim of this study was to evaluate, for the first time, the anti-tumor activity of Amblyomin-X in 4 primary cultures derived from pediatric anaplastic posterior fossa EPN, Group A (anaplastic, WHO grade III) and one primary culture of a high grade neuroepithelial tumor with MN1 alteration, which was initially misdiagnosed as EPN: i) by in vitro assays: comparisons of temozolomide and cisplatin; ii) by intracranial xenograft model. Amblyomin-X was able to induce cell death in EPN cells in a more significant percentage compared to cisplatin. The cytotoxic effects of Amblyomin-X were not detected on hFSCs used as control, as opposed to cisplatin-treatment, which promoted a substantial effect in the hAFSCs viability. TEM analysis showed ultrastructural alterations related to the process of cell death: mitochondrial degeneration, autophagosomes and aggregate-like structures. MRI and histopathological analyzes demonstrated significant tumor mass regression. Our results suggest that Amblyomin-X has a selective effect on tumor cells by inducing apoptotic cell death and may be a therapeutic option for Group AEPNs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena Favaro Pavon
- Discipline of Neurosurgery, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - David Capper
- Charité -Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universitätzu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Department of Neuropathology, Berlin, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Berlin, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Tatiana Tais Sibov
- Discipline of Neurosurgery, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Silvia Regina Caminada de Toledo
- Pediatric Oncology Institute, Grupo de Apoio ao Adolescente e à Criança com Câncer (GRAACC), Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ulrich-W Thomale
- Pediatric Neurosurgery, Campus Virchow Klinikum, Charité Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jean Gabriel de Souza
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Butantan Institute, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Centre of Excellence in New Target Discovery (CENTD), Butantan Institute, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Carolina Maria Berra
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcos Devanir Silva da Costa
- Discipline of Neurosurgery, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Pediatric Oncology Institute, Grupo de Apoio ao Adolescente e à Criança com Câncer (GRAACC), Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jardel Mendonça Niçacio
- Discipline of Neurosurgery, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Pediatric Oncology Institute, Grupo de Apoio ao Adolescente e à Criança com Câncer (GRAACC), Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Alessandra Dastoli
- Discipline of Neurosurgery, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Pediatric Oncology Institute, Grupo de Apoio ao Adolescente e à Criança com Câncer (GRAACC), Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Suzana M F Malheiros
- Discipline of Neurosurgery, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Nasjla Saba Silva
- Pediatric Oncology Institute, Grupo de Apoio ao Adolescente e à Criança com Câncer (GRAACC), Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Antonio Sérgio Petrilli
- Pediatric Oncology Institute, Grupo de Apoio ao Adolescente e à Criança com Câncer (GRAACC), Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Andrea Maria Cappellano
- Pediatric Oncology Institute, Grupo de Apoio ao Adolescente e à Criança com Câncer (GRAACC), Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Milena Colò Brunialti
- Laboratory of Immunology and Infectology, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Reinaldo Salomão
- Laboratory of Immunology and Infectology, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Manoel A de Paiva Neto
- Discipline of Neurosurgery, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana Marisa Chudzinski-Tavassi
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Butantan Institute, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
- Centre of Excellence in New Target Discovery (CENTD), Butantan Institute, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Sérgio Cavalheiro
- Discipline of Neurosurgery, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Pediatric Oncology Institute, Grupo de Apoio ao Adolescente e à Criança com Câncer (GRAACC), Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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8
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Štibrániová I, Bartíková P, Holíková V, Kazimírová M. Deciphering Biological Processes at the Tick-Host Interface Opens New Strategies for Treatment of Human Diseases. Front Physiol 2019; 10:830. [PMID: 31333488 PMCID: PMC6617849 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Ticks are obligatory blood-feeding ectoparasites, causing blood loss and skin damage in their hosts. In addition, ticks also transmit a number of various pathogenic microorganisms that cause serious diseases in humans and animals. Ticks evolved a wide array of salivary bioactive compounds that, upon injection into the host skin, inhibit or modulate host reactions such as hemostasis, inflammation and wound healing. Modulation of the tick attachment site in the host skin involves mainly molecules which affect physiological processes orchestrated by cytokines, chemokines and growth factors. Suppressing host defense reactions is crucial for tick survival and reproduction. Furthermore, pharmacologically active compounds in tick saliva have a promising therapeutic potential for treatment of some human diseases connected with disorders in hemostasis and immune system. These disorders are often associated to alterations in signaling pathways and dysregulation or overexpression of specific cytokines which, in turn, affect mechanisms of angiogenesis, cell motility and cytoskeletal regulation. Moreover, tick salivary molecules were found to exert cytotoxic and cytolytic effects on various tumor cells and have anti-angiogenic properties. Elucidation of the mode of action of tick bioactive molecules on the regulation of cell processes in their mammalian hosts could provide new tools for understanding the complex changes leading to immune disorders and cancer. Tick bioactive molecules may also be exploited as new pharmacological inhibitors of the signaling pathways of cytokines and thus help alleviate patient discomfort and increase patient survival. We review the current knowledge about tick salivary peptides and proteins that have been identified and functionally characterized in in vitro and/or in vivo models and their therapeutic perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iveta Štibrániová
- Biomedical Research Center, Institute of Virology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Pavlína Bartíková
- Biomedical Research Center, Institute of Virology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Viera Holíková
- Biomedical Research Center, Institute of Virology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Mária Kazimírová
- Institute of Zoology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
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9
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Boufleur P, Sciani JM, Goldfeder M, Faria F, Branco V, Chudzinski-Tavassi AM. Biodistribution and Pharmacokinetics of Amblyomin-X, a Novel Antitumour Protein Drug in Healthy Mice. Eur J Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 2019; 44:111-120. [PMID: 30132264 DOI: 10.1007/s13318-018-0500-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Amblyomin-X is a recombinant protein under development for cancer treatment owing to its selective cytotoxic activity over several tumour cell lines and tumour regression in mice models. The aim of this study was to examine the distribution and pharmacokinetics of amblyomin-X in healthy female mice. METHODS Amblyomin-X was injected intravenously into the healthy animals and at controlled times plasma and organs were removed and analysed for identification and quantification of the protein. Alternatively, the labelled protein was injected into mice and tracked in an in vivo imaging system. RESULTS Amblyomin-X was rapidly eliminated from plasma, probably because of its inability to bind to plasma albumin. After 10 min, the protein was found in the thymus and lungs, and later in the heart, liver and kidneys. In the liver, the protein was found until 24 h after a single injection. The in vivo analysis showed the same kinetics profile, besides the identification of amblyomin-X in the bladder region, indicating its elimination via urine. Only fragments of amblyomin-X were observed in the urine. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that amblyomin-X is rapidly distributed to the tissues, metabolized by the liver or even kidneys, and eliminated in urine in healthy mice. There is no accumulation in any organ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela Boufleur
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Butantan Institute, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Juliana Mozer Sciani
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Butantan Institute, São Paulo, SP, Brazil. .,Laboratório Multidisciplinar de Pesquisa, Universidade São Francisco, Av. Francisco de Assis, 218 Cidade Universitária, Bragança Paulista, SP, 12916-900, Brazil.
| | - Mauricio Goldfeder
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Butantan Institute, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Faria
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Butantan Institute, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Vânia Branco
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Butantan Institute, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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10
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Guasti L, Squizzato A, Moretto P, Vigetti D, Ageno W, Dentali F, Maresca AM, Campiotti L, Grandi AM, Passi A. In vitro effects of Apixaban on 5 different cancer cell lines. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0185035. [PMID: 29023465 PMCID: PMC5638249 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0185035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer is associated with hypercoagulability. However, several data suggest that anticoagulant drugs may have an effect on tumor development and progression mediated by both coagulation dependent processes and non-coagulation dependent processes. Therefore, we investigated the in vitro effects of Apixaban on cell proliferation, mortality, cell migration, gene expression and matrix metalloproteinase in 5 different cancer cell lines. METHODS The following cancer cell lines, and 2 normal fibroblast cultures (lung and dermal fibroblasts), were studied: OVCAR3 (ovarian cancer), MDA MB 231 (breast cancer), CaCO-2 (colon cancer), LNCaP (prostate cancer) and U937 (histiocytic lymphoma). Proliferation and cell mortality were assessed in control cells and Apixaban treated cultures (dose from 0.1 to 5 μg/ml, 0 to 96-h). Necrosis/Apoptosis (fluorescence microscopy), cell migration (24-h after scratch test), matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) activity and mRNA expression (RT PCR) of p16, p21, p53 and HAS were also assessed. RESULTS High-dose (5 μg/ml) Apixaban incubation was associated with a significantly reduced proliferation in 3 cancer cell lines (OVCAR3, CaCO-2 and LNCaP) and with increased cancer cell mortality in all, except LNCaP, cancer lines. Apoptosis seems to account for the increased mortality. The migration capacity seems to be impaired after high-dose Apixaban incubation in OVCAR3 and CaCO-2 cells. Data on mRNA expression suggest a consistent increase in tumor suppression gene p16 in all cell lines. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that high-dose Apixaban may be able to interfere with cancer cell in vitro, reducing proliferation and increasing cancer cell mortality through apoptosis in several cancer cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigina Guasti
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
- * E-mail: (AS); (LG)
| | - Alessandro Squizzato
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
- * E-mail: (AS); (LG)
| | - Paola Moretto
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Davide Vigetti
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Walter Ageno
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Francesco Dentali
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Andrea M. Maresca
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Leonardo Campiotti
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Anna M. Grandi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Alberto Passi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
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de Souza JG, Morais KL, Anglés-Cano E, Boufleur P, de Mello ES, Maria DA, Origassa CST, Zampolli HDC, Câmara NOS, Berra CM, Bosch RV, Chudzinski-Tavassi AM. Promising pharmacological profile of a Kunitz-type inhibitor in murine renal cell carcinoma model. Oncotarget 2016; 7:62255-62266. [PMID: 27566592 PMCID: PMC5308724 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.11555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2016] [Accepted: 08/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC), also called kidney cancer or renal adenocarcinoma, is highly resistant to current treatments. It has been previously reported that a Kunitz-type inhibitor domain-containing protein, isolated from the salivary glands of the Amblyomma cajennense tick, triggers apoptosis in murine renal adenocarcinoma cells (Renca) by inhibiting the proteasome and endoplasmic reticulum stress. Of note, Amblyomin-X is the corresponding recombinant protein identified in the cDNA library from A. cajennense salivary glands. Herein, using orthotopic kidney tumors in mice, we demonstrate that Amblyomin-X is able to drastically reduce the incidence of lung metastases by inducing cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. The in vitro assays show that Amblyomin-X is capable of reducing the proliferation rate of Renca cells, promoting cell cycle arrest, and down-regulating the expression of crucial proteins (cyclin D1, Ki67 and Pgp) involved in the aggressiveness and resistance of RCC. Regarding non-tumor cells (NIH3T3), Amblyomin-X produced minor effects in the cyclin D1 levels. Interestingly, observing the image assays, the fluorescence-labelled Amblyomin-X was indeed detected in the tumor stroma whereas in healthy animals it was rapidly metabolized and excreted. Taken the findings together, Amblyomin-X can be considered as a potential anti-RCC drug candidate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean Gabriel de Souza
- Biochemistry and Biophysics Laboratory, Butantan Institute, SP, Brazil
- Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- CENTD- Center of Excellence in New Target Discovery, Butantan Institute, SP, Brazil
| | - Katia L.P. Morais
- Biochemistry and Biophysics Laboratory, Butantan Institute, SP, Brazil
- CENTD- Center of Excellence in New Target Discovery, Butantan Institute, SP, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Anglés-Cano
- INSERM UMR_S 1140-Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Pamela Boufleur
- Biochemistry and Biophysics Laboratory, Butantan Institute, SP, Brazil
- Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | - Clarice Silvia Taemi Origassa
- Laboratory of Transplantation Immunobiology, Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences IV, University of São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Niels Olsen Saraiva Câmara
- Laboratory of Transplantation Immunobiology, Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences IV, University of São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- Nephrology Division, Federal University of São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | - Ana Marisa Chudzinski-Tavassi
- Biochemistry and Biophysics Laboratory, Butantan Institute, SP, Brazil
- CENTD- Center of Excellence in New Target Discovery, Butantan Institute, SP, Brazil
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12
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Xing J, Yang L, Yang Y, Zhao L, Wei Q, Zhang J, Zhou J, Zhang H. Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of novel 2,3-dihydroquinazolin- 4(1H)-one derivatives as potential fXa inhibitors. Eur J Med Chem 2016; 125:411-422. [PMID: 27689724 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2016.09.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2016] [Revised: 09/16/2016] [Accepted: 09/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Coagulation factor Xa (fXa) is a particularly attractive target for the development of effective and safe anticoagulants. In this study, novel 2,3-dihydroquinazolin-4(1H)-one derivatives were designed as potential fXa inhibitors based on anthranilamide structure which has been reported in our previous research. The experimental data showed that most of the designed compounds exhibited significant in vitro potency against fXa. Among them, compound 8e displayed the strongest potency against fXa with the IC50 value of 21 nM and highly selectivity versus thrombin (IC50 = 67 μM) and excellent in vitro antithrombotic activity with its 2 × PT value of 1.2 μM and 2 × aPTT value of 0.6 μM. In addition, 8e also displayed excellent in vivo antithrombotic activity in the rat arteriovenous shunt (AV-SHUNT) model. The bleeding risk evaluation showed that 8e had a similar safety profile as that of betrixaban. All results demonstrated that compound 8e could be considered as a potential fXa inhibitor for the prevention and treatment of thromboembolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junhao Xing
- Center of Drug Discovery, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, 210009 Nanjing, PR China.
| | - Lingyun Yang
- Center of Drug Discovery, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, 210009 Nanjing, PR China
| | - Yifei Yang
- Center of Drug Discovery, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, 210009 Nanjing, PR China
| | - Leilei Zhao
- Center of Drug Discovery, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, 210009 Nanjing, PR China
| | - Qiangqiang Wei
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, TongjiaXiang 24, 210009 Nanjing, PR China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Center of Drug Discovery, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, 210009 Nanjing, PR China
| | - Jinpei Zhou
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, TongjiaXiang 24, 210009 Nanjing, PR China
| | - Huibin Zhang
- Center of Drug Discovery, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, 210009 Nanjing, PR China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Disease, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China.
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13
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Branco VG, Iqbal A, Alvarez-Flores MP, Sciani JM, de Andrade SA, Iwai LK, Serrano SMT, Chudzinski-Tavassi AM. Amblyomin-X having a Kunitz-type homologous domain, is a noncompetitive inhibitor of FXa and induces anticoagulation in vitro and in vivo. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2016; 1864:1428-35. [PMID: 27479486 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2016.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2016] [Revised: 07/22/2016] [Accepted: 07/28/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer has long been associated with thrombosis and many of the standard chemotherapeutics used to treat cancer are pro-thrombotic. Thus, the identification of novel selective anticancer drugs that also have antithrombotic properties is of enormous significance. Amblyomin-X is an anticancer protein derived from the salivary glands of the Amblyomma cajennense tick. METHODS In this work, we determined the inhibition profile of Amblyomin-X and its effect on activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) and prothrombin time (PT), using various approaches such as, kinetic analyses, amidolytic assays, SDS-PAGE, and mass spectrometry. RESULTS Amblyomin-X inhibited factor Xa, prothrombinase and tenase activities. It was hydrolyzed by trypsin and plasmin. MS/MS data of tryptic hydrolysate of Amblyomin-X suggested the presence of Cys(8)-Cys(59) and Cys(19)-Cys(42) but not Cys(34)-Cys(55) disulfide bond. Instead of Cys(34)-Cys(55), two noncanonical Cys(34)-Cys(74) and Cys(55)-Cys(74) disulfide bonds were identified. Furthermore, when Amblyomin-X (1mg/kg) injected in rabbits, it prolonged aPTT and PT. CONCLUSION Amblyomin-X is a noncompetitive inhibitor (Ki=3.9μM) of factor Xa. It is a substrate for plasmin and trypsin, but not for factor Xa and thrombin. The disulfide Cys(34)-Cys(55) bond probably scrambles with interchain seventh free cysteine residues (Cys(74)) of Amblyomin-X. The prolongation of PT and aPTT is reversible. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE In term of anticoagulant property, this is structural and functional characterization of Amblyomin-X. All together, these results and previous findings suggest that Amblyomin-X has a potential to become an anticancer drug with antithrombotic property.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vania G Branco
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Butantan Institute, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Asif Iqbal
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Butantan Institute, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil; Centre of Excellence for New Target Discovery (CENTD), Butantan Institute, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Miryam P Alvarez-Flores
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Butantan Institute, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil; Centre of Excellence for New Target Discovery (CENTD), Butantan Institute, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Juliana M Sciani
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Butantan Institute, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Sonia A de Andrade
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Butantan Institute, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Leo K Iwai
- Special Laboratory of Applied Toxinology, Butantan Institute, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Solange M T Serrano
- Special Laboratory of Applied Toxinology, Butantan Institute, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Ana M Chudzinski-Tavassi
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Butantan Institute, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil; Centre of Excellence for New Target Discovery (CENTD), Butantan Institute, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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14
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Harnessing the knowledge of animal toxins to generate drugs. Pharmacol Res 2016; 112:30-36. [PMID: 26826284 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2016.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2015] [Revised: 01/07/2016] [Accepted: 01/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Animal toxins present high selectivity and specificity for their molecular targets, and have long been considered as prototypes for developing novel drugs, with some successful cases. In this regard, the variety of molecules found in animal venoms, which can be capable of affecting vital physiological systems, have providing the development of studies focusing on turning those molecules (toxins) into therapeutics to treat several diseases, such as chronic pain, hypertension, thrombosis, cancer, and so on. However, some important issues have been responsible for disrupting the toxin-based drug discovery projects. In this review, we have briefly highlighted the development of drugs based on animal toxins, discussing some successful cases as well as the main causes of failure, pointing out the recent strategies applied to overcome the difficulties related to the translational process in this kind of development scenario.
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Pacheco MTF, Morais KLP, Berra CM, Demasi M, Sciani JM, Branco VG, Bosch RV, Iqbal A, Chudzinski-Tavassi AM. Specific role of cytoplasmic dynein in the mechanism of action of an antitumor molecule, Amblyomin-X. Exp Cell Res 2015; 340:248-58. [PMID: 26748183 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2015.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2015] [Revised: 11/28/2015] [Accepted: 12/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The Kunitz-type recombinant protein, Amblyomin-X, is an antitumor recombinant molecule from a cDNA library prepared from the salivary glands of the tick Amblyomma cajennense. The primary target of this protein appears to be the proteasome. Amblyomin-X increased gene and protein expression of distinct subunits of the molecular motor dynein, which plays a key role in the intracellular transport. Herein, Amblyomin-X was specifically taken up by tumor cells through lipid-raft endocytic pathways, but not by fibroblasts. Moreover, dynein inhibitor, ciliobrevin A, decreased Amblyomin-X uptake by tumor cells. Furthermore, incubation of tumor cells with Amblyomin-X inhibited trypsin-like activity of the proteasome, which was restored upon pretreatment with ciliobrevin A. Only in tumor cells treated with Amblyomin-X, we identified proteins bounds to dynein that are related to aggresome formation, autophagy inhibition, and early and recycling endosome markers. In addition, Amblyomin-X was found to interact with dynein, increased Rab11A protein expression and Rab11A co-localization with the light-intermediate chain 2 (LIC2) of dynein. Thereby, the results provide new insights on the antitumor mechanism of Amblyomin-X and reveal an unsuspected role of cytoplasmic dynein in its uptake, intracellular trafficking and pro-apoptotic action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario T F Pacheco
- Biochemistry and Biophysics Laboratory, Butantan Institute, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Kátia L P Morais
- Biochemistry and Biophysics Laboratory, Butantan Institute, São Paulo, Brazil; Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carolina M Berra
- Biochemistry Department, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marilene Demasi
- Biochemistry and Biophysics Laboratory, Butantan Institute, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Juliana M Sciani
- Biochemistry and Biophysics Laboratory, Butantan Institute, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Vania G Branco
- Biochemistry and Biophysics Laboratory, Butantan Institute, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rosemary V Bosch
- Biochemistry and Biophysics Laboratory, Butantan Institute, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Asif Iqbal
- Biochemistry and Biophysics Laboratory, Butantan Institute, São Paulo, Brazil
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16
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Chudzinski-Tavassi AM, Morais KLP, Pacheco MTF, Pasqualoto KFM, de Souza JG. Tick salivary gland as potential natural source for the discovery of promising antitumor drug candidates. Biomed Pharmacother 2015; 77:14-9. [PMID: 26796259 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2015.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2015] [Accepted: 11/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Nowadays, the relationship between cancer blood coagulation is well established. Regarding biodiversity and bioprospection, the tick biology has become quite attractive natural source for coagulation inhibitors, since its saliva has a very rich variety of bioactive molecules. For instance, a Kunitz-type FXa inhibitor, named Amblyomin-X, was found through transcriptome of the salivary gland of the Amblyomma cajennense. tick. This TFPI-like inhibitor, after obtained as recombinant protein, has presented anticoagulant, antigionenic, and antitumor properties. Although its effects on blood coagulation could be relevant for antitumor effect, Amblyomin-X acts by non-hemostatic mechanisms, such as proteasome inhibition and autophagy inhibition. Notably, cytotoxicity was not observed on non-tumor cells treated with this protein, suggesting some selectivity for tumor cells. Considering the current efforts in order to develop effective anticancer therapies, the findings presented in this review strongly suggest Amblyomin-X as a promising novel antitumor drug candidate.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Katia L P Morais
- Biochemistry and Biophysics Laboratory, Butantan Institute, SP, Brazil; Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | - Jean Gabriel de Souza
- Biochemistry and Biophysics Laboratory, Butantan Institute, SP, Brazil; Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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17
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Post-transcriptional control of Amblyomin-X on secretion of vascular endothelial growth factor and expression of adhesion molecules in endothelial cells. Toxicon 2015; 101:1-10. [PMID: 25912945 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2015.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2015] [Revised: 03/20/2015] [Accepted: 04/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Angiogenesis is a pivotal process of homeostasis and tissue repair, but it also favours neovascularisation syndromes and cancer nutrition. The chemical mediation of angiogenesis is complex, involving a balance between serine proteases and their inhibitors. We addressed the mechanisms of action of a Kunitz serine protease inhibitor (KPI) on spontaneous angiogenesis, using Amblyomin-X, a KPI designed from the cDNA library of the Amblyomma cajennense tick. Amblyomin-X treatment (10-1000 ng/10 μL; each 48 h; 3 times) reduced the number of vessels in the subcutaneous dorsal tissue of male Swiss mice, as measured by intravital microscopy, haematoxylin-eosin staining, and PECAM-1 immunofluorescence labeling. Incubation of Amblyomin-X with t-End endothelial cells, a murine endothelial microvascular lineage, did not alter cell proliferation, cell-cycle phases, necrosis and apoptosis, and the production of nitric oxide and prostaglandin E2. Nevertheless, Amblyomin-X treatment reduced t-End migration and adhesion to Matrigel(®), and inhibited the VEGF-A secretion and VCAM-1 and β3 integrin expressions by posttranscriptional pathways. Together, data herein outline novel posttranscriptional mechanisms of KPIs on endothelial cells during angiogenesis and point out the possible application of Amblyomin-X as a local inhibitor to undesired neovascularisation process.
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18
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Pacheco MTF, Berra CM, Morais KLP, Sciani JM, Branco VG, Bosch RV, Chudzinski-Tavassi AM. Dynein function and protein clearance changes in tumor cells induced by a Kunitz-type molecule, Amblyomin-X. PLoS One 2014; 9:e111907. [PMID: 25479096 PMCID: PMC4257547 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0111907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2014] [Accepted: 10/02/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Amblyomin-X is a Kunitz-type recombinant protein identified from the transcriptome of the salivary glands of the tick Amblyomma cajennense and has anti-coagulant and antitumoral activity. The supposed primary target of this molecule is the proteasome system. Herein, we elucidated intracellular events that are triggered by Amblyomin-X treatment in an attempt to provide new insight into how this serine protease inhibitor, acting on the proteasome, could be comparable with known proteasome inhibitors. The collective results showed aggresome formation after proteasome inhibition that appeared to occur via the non-exclusive ubiquitin pathway. Additionally, Amblyomin-X increased the expression of various chains of the molecular motor dynein in tumor cells, modulated specific ubiquitin linkage signaling and inhibited autophagy activation by modulating mTOR, LC3 and AMBRA1 with probable dynein involvement. Interestingly, one possible role for dynein in the mechanism of action of Amblyomin-X was in the apoptotic response and its crosstalk with autophagy, which involved the factor Bim; however, we observed no changes in the apoptotic response related to dynein in the experiments performed. The characteristics shared among Amblyomin-X and known proteasome inhibitors included NF-κB blockage and nascent polypeptide-dependent aggresome formation. Therefore, our study describes a Kunitz-type protein that acts on the proteasome to trigger distinct intracellular events compared to classic known proteasome inhibitors that are small-cell-permeable molecules. In investigating the experiments and literature on Amblyomin-X and the known proteasome inhibitors, we also found differences in the structures of the molecules, intracellular events, dynein involvement and tumor cell type effects. These findings also reveal a possible new target for Amblyomin-X, i.e., dynein, and may serve as a tool for investigating tumor cell death associated with proteasome inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario T. F. Pacheco
- Biochemistry and Biophysics Laboratory, Butantan Institute, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carolina M. Berra
- Biochemistry and Biophysics Laboratory, Butantan Institute, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Kátia L. P. Morais
- Biochemistry and Biophysics Laboratory, Butantan Institute, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Juliana M. Sciani
- Biochemistry and Biophysics Laboratory, Butantan Institute, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Vania G. Branco
- Biochemistry and Biophysics Laboratory, Butantan Institute, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rosemary V. Bosch
- Biochemistry and Biophysics Laboratory, Butantan Institute, São Paulo, Brazil
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19
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Morais KLP, Pasqualoto KFM, Pacheco MTF, Berra CM, Alvarez-Flores MP, Chudzinski-Tavassi AM. Rational development of a novel TFPI-like inhibitor fromAmblyomma cajennensetick. TOXIN REV 2013. [DOI: 10.3109/15569543.2013.845217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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