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Zhang C, Zhao Y, Guo S, Li F, Gong X, Gao J, Jiang L, Tong J. Comparison of lipidome profiles in serum from lactating dairy cows supplemented with Acremonium terrestris culture based on UPLC-QTRAP-MS/MS. BMC Biotechnol 2024; 24:56. [PMID: 39135176 PMCID: PMC11318124 DOI: 10.1186/s12896-024-00881-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 08/16/2024] Open
Abstract
This study evaluated the effects of supplementing the diet of lactating cows with Acremonium terrestris culture (ATC) on milk production, serum antioxidant capacity, inflammatory indices, and serum lipid metabolomics. Over 90 days, 24 multiparous Chinese Holstein cows in mid-lactation (108 ± 10.4 days in milk, 637 ± 25 kg body weight, 30.23 ± 3.7 kg/d milk yield) were divided into either a control diet (CON) or a diet supplemented with 30 g of ATC daily. All the data were analyzed using Student's t test with SPSS 20.0 software. The results showed that compared with CON feeding, ATC feeding significantly increased milk yield, antioxidant capacity, and immune function. Lipidome screening identified 143 lipid metabolites that differed between the two groups. Further analysis using "random forest" machine learning revealed three glycerophospholipid serum metabolites that could serve as lipid markers with a predictive accuracy of 91.67%. This study suggests that ATC can be a useful dietary supplement for improving lactational performance in dairy cows and provides valuable insights into developing nutritional strategies to maintain metabolic homeostasis in ruminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenmiao Zhang
- Animal Science and Technology College, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, 102206, P. R. China
| | - Yiran Zhao
- Animal Science and Technology College, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, 102206, P. R. China
| | - Shijiao Guo
- STEM college, RMIT university, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Feifei Li
- Animal Science and Technology College, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, 102206, P. R. China
| | - Xu Gong
- Animal Science and Technology College, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, 102206, P. R. China
| | - Jiarui Gao
- Animal Science and Technology College, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, 102206, P. R. China
| | - Linshu Jiang
- Animal Science and Technology College, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, 102206, P. R. China
| | - Jinjin Tong
- Animal Science and Technology College, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, 102206, P. R. China.
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2
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Zhang H, Yang J, Luo S, Liu L, Yang G, Gao B, Fan H, Deng L, Yang M. A novel complementary pathway of cordycepin biosynthesis in Cordyceps militaris. Int Microbiol 2024; 27:1009-1021. [PMID: 37987892 PMCID: PMC11300563 DOI: 10.1007/s10123-023-00448-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
We determined whether there exists a complementary pathway of cordycepin biosynthesis in wild-type Cordyceps militaris, high-cordycepin-producing strain C. militaris GYS60, and low-cordycepin-producing strain C. militaris GYS80. Differentially expressed genes were identified from the transcriptomes of the three strains. Compared with C. militaris, in GYS60 and GYS80, we identified 145 and 470 upregulated and 96 and 594 downregulated genes. Compared with GYS80, in GYS60, we identified 306 upregulated and 207 downregulated genes. Gene Ontology analysis revealed that upregulated genes were mostly involved in detoxification, antioxidant, and molecular transducer in GYS60. By Clusters of Orthologous Groups of Proteins and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analyses, eight genes were significantly upregulated: five genes related to purine metabolism, one to ATP production, one to secondary metabolite transport, and one to RNA degradation. In GYS60, cordycepin was significantly increased by upregulation of ATP production, which promoted 3',5'-cyclic AMP production. Cyclic AMP accelerated 3'-AMP accumulation, and cordycepin continued to be synthesized and exported. We verified the novel complementary pathway by adding the precursor adenosine and analyzing the expression of four key genes involved in the main pathway of cordycepin biosynthesis. Adenosine addition increased cordycepin production by 51.2% and 10.1%, respectively, in C. militaris and GYS60. Four genes in the main pathway in GYS60 were not upregulated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hucheng Zhang
- Bioengineering College Beijing Polytechnic, Beijing, 100176, China
| | - Jun Yang
- Bioengineering College Beijing Polytechnic, Beijing, 100176, China
| | - Shuai Luo
- Bioengineering College Beijing Polytechnic, Beijing, 100176, China
| | - Linying Liu
- Bioengineering College Beijing Polytechnic, Beijing, 100176, China
| | - Guowei Yang
- Bioengineering College Beijing Polytechnic, Beijing, 100176, China
| | - Bo Gao
- Bioengineering College Beijing Polytechnic, Beijing, 100176, China
| | - Haitao Fan
- Bioengineering College Beijing Polytechnic, Beijing, 100176, China
| | - Lina Deng
- Department of English, Beijing Health Vocational College, Beijing, 102402, China.
| | - Ming Yang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery Institute of Cardiac Surgery, PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100141, China.
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3
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Carneiro P, Ferreira M, Marisa Costa V, Carvalho F, Capela JP. Protective effects of amphetamine and methylphenidate against dopaminergic neurotoxicants in SH-SY5Y cells. Curr Res Toxicol 2024; 6:100165. [PMID: 38562456 PMCID: PMC10982568 DOI: 10.1016/j.crtox.2024.100165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Full treatment of the second most common neurodegenerative disorder, Parkinson's disease (PD), is still considered an unmet need. As the psychostimulants, amphetamine (AMPH) and methylphenidate (MPH), were shown to be neuroprotective against stroke and other neuronal injury diseases, this study aimed to evaluate their neuroprotective potential against two dopaminergic neurotoxicants, 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) and paraquat (PQ), in differentiated human dopaminergic SH-SY5Y cells. Neither cytotoxicity nor mitochondrial membrane potential changes were seen following a 24-hour exposure to either therapeutic concentration of AMPH or MPH (0.001-10 μM). On the other hand, a 24-hour exposure to 6-OHDA (31.25-500 μM) or PQ (100-5000 μM) induced concentration-dependent mitochondrial dysfunction, assessed by the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, and lysosomal damage, evaluated by the neutral red uptake assay. The lethal concentrations 25 and 50 retrieved from the concentration-toxicity curves in the MTT assay were 99.9 µM and 133.6 µM for 6-OHDA, or 422 µM and 585.8 µM for PQ. Both toxicants caused mitochondrial membrane potential depolarization, but only 6-OHDA increased reactive oxygen species (ROS). Most importantly, PQ-induced toxicity was partially prevented by 1 μM of AMPH or MPH. Nonetheless, neither AMPH nor MPH could prevent 6-OHDA toxicity in this experimental model. According to these findings, AMPH and MPH may provide some neuroprotection against PQ-induced neurotoxicity, but further investigation is required to determine the exact mechanism underlying this protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrícia Carneiro
- Associate Laboratory i4HB – Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
- UCIBIO – Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050‐313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Mariana Ferreira
- Associate Laboratory i4HB – Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
- UCIBIO – Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050‐313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Vera Marisa Costa
- Associate Laboratory i4HB – Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
- UCIBIO – Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050‐313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Félix Carvalho
- Associate Laboratory i4HB – Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
- UCIBIO – Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050‐313 Porto, Portugal
| | - João Paulo Capela
- Associate Laboratory i4HB – Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
- UCIBIO – Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050‐313 Porto, Portugal
- FP3ID, Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Fernando Pessoa, Rua Carlos da Maia 296, 4200-150 Porto, Portugal
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Sharma H, Sharma N, An SSA. Unique Bioactives from Zombie Fungus ( Cordyceps) as Promising Multitargeted Neuroprotective Agents. Nutrients 2023; 16:102. [PMID: 38201932 PMCID: PMC10780653 DOI: 10.3390/nu16010102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Cordyceps, also known as "zombie fungus", is a non-poisonous mushroom that parasitizes insects for growth and development by manipulating the host system in a way that makes the victim behave like a "zombie". These species produce promising bioactive metabolites, like adenosine, β-glucans, cordycepin, and ergosterol. Cordyceps has been used in traditional medicine due to its immense health benefits, as it boosts stamina, appetite, immunity, longevity, libido, memory, and sleep. Neuronal loss is the typical feature of neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) (Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), multiple sclerosis (MS), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)) and neurotrauma. Both these conditions share common pathophysiological features, like oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, and glutamatergic excitotoxicity. Cordyceps bioactives (adenosine, N6-(2-hydroxyethyl)-adenosine, ergosta-7, 9 (11), 22-trien-3β-ol, active peptides, and polysaccharides) exert potential antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic activities and display beneficial effects in the management and/or treatment of neurodegenerative disorders in vitro and in vivo. Although a considerable list of compounds is available from Cordyceps, only a few have been evaluated for their neuroprotective potential and still lack information for clinical trials. In this review, the neuroprotective mechanisms and safety profile of Cordyceps extracts/bioactives have been discussed, which might be helpful in the identification of novel potential therapeutic entities in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Niti Sharma
- Department of Bionano Technology, Gachon Bionano Research Institute, Gachon University, 1342 Seongnam-daero, Sujeong-gu, Seongnam-si 461-701, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea;
| | - Seong Soo A. An
- Department of Bionano Technology, Gachon Bionano Research Institute, Gachon University, 1342 Seongnam-daero, Sujeong-gu, Seongnam-si 461-701, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea;
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Olatunji OJ, Zuo J, Olatunde OO. Securidaca inappendiculata stem extract confers robust antioxidant and antidiabetic effects against high fructose/streptozotocin induced type 2 diabetes in rats. Exploration of bioactive compounds using UHPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS. Arch Physiol Biochem 2023; 129:1187-1199. [PMID: 33983859 DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2021.1921811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is the most deadly and most prevalent metabolic disease of contemporary times. This study evaluated the antidiabetic, antioxidant, and pancreato-protective effects of Securidaca inappendiculata extract (SIE) in high-fructose/streptozotocin-induced type 2 diabetes. SIE (50, 100, and 200 mg/kg) was administered to diabetic rats for 8 weeks, thereafter glycaemic parameters, pancreatic β cell function, lipid profile, hepatorenal function, and antioxidant parameters were evaluated in diabetic rats treated SIE. The results indicated that treatment with SIE markedly lowered blood glucose, lipid parameters, hepatorenal function parameters, and lipid peroxidation at the end of the intervention. Additionally, serum insulin levels were significantly increased as supported by restoration of pancreatic β-cell cells in the H&E staining. Moreover, SIE also upregulated serum antioxidant enzyme activities in the treated diabetic rats. The results revealed that SIE possesses potent antihyperglycemic and antihyperlipidemic and antioxidant effects with the considerable restoration of pancreatic β-cells function.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jian Zuo
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The first Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College (Yijishan Hospital), Wuhu, China
| | - Oladipupo Odunayo Olatunde
- International Center of Excellence in Seafood Science and Innovation, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Thailand
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Zhao LL, Jayeoye TJ, Ashaolu TJ, Olatunji OJ. Pinostrobin, a dietary bioflavonoid exerts antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic protective effects against methotrexate-induced ovarian toxicity in rats. Tissue Cell 2023; 85:102254. [PMID: 37866152 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2023.102254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the protective activities of pinostrobin (PIN) against methotrexate (MTX)-induced ovarian toxicity. Female rats were administered with PIN (50 mg/kg) for 4 weeks, while MTX was administered from weeks 2-4 of PIN treatment. Serum hormonal profiles, ovarian oxidative stress, inflammatory and apoptotic biomarkers as well as ovarian histomorphometry were evaluated. MTX administration elicited profound deficit in serum progesterone and estrogen (E2) levels, while luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) were significantly increased. Additionally, MTX administration was associated with significant increases in ovarian malondialdehyde, nitric oxide, NF-кB, TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, iNOS and caspase-3 activity, as well as notable reduction in the activities of glutathione peroxidase, catalase and superoxide dismutase as well as the level of glutathione. Whereas, treatment with PIN significantly decreased serum levels of FSH and LH, as well as ovarian levels of NO, MDA, caspase 3, NF-κB, IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α and iNOS. PIN also significantly upregulated GSH, GPx, CAT and SOD in the ovarian tissues as well as increased serum E2 and progesterone levels compared to the MTX group. Furthermore, PIN significantly restored altered ovarian histoarchitecture in the treated group. These findings suggests that PIN exerts protective effects against MTX-triggered ovarian damages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling-Ling Zhao
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng, China
| | - Titilope John Jayeoye
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
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7
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Chen M, Luo J, Jiang W, Chen L, Miao L, Han C. Cordycepin: A review of strategies to improve the bioavailability and efficacy. Phytother Res 2023; 37:3839-3858. [PMID: 37329165 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Cordycepin is a bioactive compound extracted from Cordyceps militaris. As a natural antibiotic, cordycepin has a wide variety of pharmacological effects. Unfortunately, this highly effective natural antibiotic is proved to undergo rapid deamination by adenosine deaminase (ADA) in vivo and, as a consequence, its half-life is shortened and bioavailability is decreased. Therefore, it is of critical importance to work out ways to slow down the deamination so as to increase its bioavailability and efficacy. This study reviews recent researches on a series of aspects of cordycepin such as the bioactive molecule's pharmacological action, metabolism and transformation as well as the underlying mechanism, pharmacokinetics and, particularly, the methods for reducing the degradation to improve the bioavailability and efficacy. It is drawn that there are three methods that can be applied to improve the bioavailability and efficacy: to co-administrate an ADA inhibitor and cordycepin, to develop more effective derivatives via structural modification, and to apply new drug delivery systems. The new knowledge can help optimize the application of the highly potent natural antibiotic-cordycepin and develop novel therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
- School of Medicine, Linyi University, Linyi, China
| | - Jiahao Luo
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Wenming Jiang
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Lijing Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Longxing Miao
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Chunchao Han
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
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8
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Patel S, Pangarkar A, Mahajan S, Majumdar A. Therapeutic potential of endoplasmic reticulum stress inhibitors in the treatment of diabetic peripheral neuropathy. Metab Brain Dis 2023; 38:1841-1856. [PMID: 37289403 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-023-01239-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Endoplasmic stress response, the unfolded protein response (UPR), is a homeostatic signaling pathway comprising transmembrane sensors that get activated upon alterations in ER luminal environment. Studies suggest a relation between activated UPR pathways and several disease states such as Parkinson, Alzheimer, inflammatory bowel disease, tumor growth, and metabolic syndrome. Diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN), a common microvascular complication of diabetes-related chronic hyperglycemia, causes chronic pain, loss of sensation, foot ulcers, amputations, allodynia, hyperalgesia, paresthesia, and spontaneous pain. Factors like disrupted calcium signaling, dyslipidemia, hyperglycemia, inflammation, insulin signaling, and oxidative stress disturb the UPR sensor levels manifesting as DPN. We discuss new effective therapeutic alternatives for DPN that can be developed by targeting UPR pathways like synthetic ER stress inhibitors like 4-PhenylButyric acid (4-PBA), Sephin 1, Salubrinal and natural ER stress inhibitors like Tauroursodeoxycholic acid (TUDCA), Cordycepin, Proanthocyanidins, Crocin, Purple Rice extract and cyanidin and Caffeic Acid Phenethyl Ester (CAPE).
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivangi Patel
- Department of Pharmacology, Bombay College of Pharmacy, Kalina, Mumbai, 400098, India
| | - Arnika Pangarkar
- Department of Pharmacology, Bombay College of Pharmacy, Kalina, Mumbai, 400098, India
| | - Sakshi Mahajan
- Department of Pharmacology, Bombay College of Pharmacy, Kalina, Mumbai, 400098, India
| | - Anuradha Majumdar
- Department of Pharmacology, Bombay College of Pharmacy, Kalina, Mumbai, 400098, India.
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Tong Z, Chu G, Wan C, Wang Q, Yang J, Meng Z, Du L, Yang J, Ma H. Multiple Metabolites Derived from Mushrooms and Their Beneficial Effect on Alzheimer's Diseases. Nutrients 2023; 15:2758. [PMID: 37375662 DOI: 10.3390/nu15122758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 06/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Mushrooms with edible and medicinal potential have received widespread attention because of their diverse biological functions, nutritional value, and delicious taste, which are closely related to their rich active components. To date, many bioactive substances have been identified and purified from mushrooms, including proteins, carbohydrates, phenols, and vitamins. More importantly, molecules derived from mushrooms show great potential to alleviate the pathological manifestations of Alzheimer's disease (AD), which seriously affects the health of elderly people. Compared with current therapeutic strategies aimed at symptomatic improvement, it is particularly important to identify natural products from resource-rich mushrooms that can modify the progression of AD. This review summarizes recent investigations of multiple constituents (carbohydrates, peptides, phenols, etc.) isolated from mushrooms to combat AD. In addition, the underlying molecular mechanisms of mushroom metabolites against AD are discussed. The various mechanisms involved in the antiAD activities of mushroom metabolites include antioxidant and anti-neuroinflammatory effects, apoptosis inhibition, and stimulation of neurite outgrowth, etc. This information will facilitate the application of mushroom-derived products in the treatment of AD. However, isolation of new metabolites from multiple types of mushrooms and further in vivo exploration of the molecular mechanisms underlying their antiAD effect are still required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zijian Tong
- College of Life Science, Engineering Research Center of the Chinese Ministry of Education for Bioreactor and Pharmaceutical Development, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Guodong Chu
- College of Life Science, Engineering Research Center of the Chinese Ministry of Education for Bioreactor and Pharmaceutical Development, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Chenmeng Wan
- College of Life Science, Engineering Research Center of the Chinese Ministry of Education for Bioreactor and Pharmaceutical Development, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Qiaoyu Wang
- College of Life Science, Engineering Research Center of the Chinese Ministry of Education for Bioreactor and Pharmaceutical Development, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Jialing Yang
- College of Life Science, Engineering Research Center of the Chinese Ministry of Education for Bioreactor and Pharmaceutical Development, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Zhaoli Meng
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunolgy, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130061, China
| | - Linna Du
- College of Life Science, Engineering Research Center of the Chinese Ministry of Education for Bioreactor and Pharmaceutical Development, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Jing Yang
- College of Life Science, Engineering Research Center of the Chinese Ministry of Education for Bioreactor and Pharmaceutical Development, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Hongxia Ma
- College of Life Science, Engineering Research Center of the Chinese Ministry of Education for Bioreactor and Pharmaceutical Development, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
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Song L, Shrivastava N, Gai Y, Li D, Cai W, Shen Y, Lin FC, Liu J, Wang H. Role of the blue light receptor gene Icwc-1 in mycelium growth and fruiting body formation of Isaria cicadae. Front Microbiol 2023; 13:1038034. [PMID: 36704565 PMCID: PMC9871644 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1038034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The Isaria cicadae, is well known highly prized medicinal mushroom with great demand in food and pharmaceutical industry. Due to its economic value and therapeutic uses, natural sources of wild I. cicadae are over-exploited and reducing continuously. Therefore, commercial cultivation in controlled environment is an utmost requirement to fulfill the consumer's demand. Due to the lack of knowledge on fruiting body (synnemata) development and regulation, commercial cultivation is currently in a difficult situation. In the growth cycle of macrofungi, such as mushrooms, light is the main factor affecting growth and development, but so far, specific effects of light on the growth and development of I. cicadae is unknown. In this study, we identified a blue light receptor white-collar-1 (Icwc-1) gene homologue with well-defined functions in morphological development in I. cicadae based on gene knockout technology and transcriptomic analysis. It was found that the Icwc-1 gene significantly affected hyphal growth and fruiting body development. This study confirms that Icwc-1 acts as an upstream regulatory gene that regulates genes associated with fruiting body formation, pigment-forming genes, and related genes for enzyme synthesis. Transcriptome data analysis also found that Icwc-1 affects many important metabolic pathways of I. cicadae, i.e., amino acid metabolism and fatty acid metabolism. The above findings will not only provide a comprehensive understanding about the molecular mechanism of light regulation in I. cicadae, but also provide new insights for future breeding program and improving this functional food production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linhao Song
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China,Shanxi Key Laboratory of Edible Fungi for Loess Plateau, College of Food Science and Engineering, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, China
| | - Neeraj Shrivastava
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China,Amity Institute of Microbial Technology, Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Yunpeng Gai
- School of Grassland Science, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Dong Li
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Edible Fungi for Loess Plateau, College of Food Science and Engineering, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, China
| | - Weiming Cai
- Institute of Horticulture, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yingyue Shen
- Institute of Horticulture, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fu-Cheng Lin
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Treats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jingyu Liu
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Edible Fungi for Loess Plateau, College of Food Science and Engineering, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, China,*Correspondence: Jingyu Liu, ; Hongkai Wang,
| | - Hongkai Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China,*Correspondence: Jingyu Liu, ; Hongkai Wang,
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Wu ZH, Chiu CH, Chen CC, Chyau CC, Cheng CH. Amelioration of Cyclosporine A-Induced Acute Nephrotoxicity by Cordyceps cicadae Mycelia via Mg +2 Reabsorption and the Inhibition of GRP78-IRE1-CHOP Pathway: In Vivo and In Vitro. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24010772. [PMID: 36614214 PMCID: PMC9820889 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Fruiting bodies of Cordyceps cicadae (CC) have been reported to have a therapeutic effect in chronic kidney disease. Due to the rare and expensive resources from natural habitats, artificially cultivated mycelia using submerged liquid cultivation of CC (CCM) have been recently developed as an alternative to scarce sources of CC. However, little is known regarding potential protective effects of CCM against cyclosporine A (CsA)-induced acute nephrotoxicity in vivo and in vitro. In this study, male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into six groups: control, CCM (40 mg and 400 mg/kg, orally), CsA (10 mg/kg, oral gavage), and CsA + CCM (40 mg and 400 mg/kg, orally). At the end of the study on day 8, all rats were sacrificed, and the blood and kidneys retrieved. CsA-induced acute nephrotoxicity was evident by increased levels of blood urea nitrogen (BUN). Levels of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) resident chaperone glucose regulated protein 78 (GRP 78) were increased significantly in rats with acute nephrotoxicity. BUN and GRP 78 were significantly ameliorated in synchronous oral groups of CCM (40 or 400 mg/kg) plus CsA. Examination of hematoxylin and eosin stained kidney tissues revealed that the combined treatment of CCM slightly improved vacuolization in renal tubules upon CsA-induced damage. CsA-induced down-regulation of protein expression of magnesium ion channel proteins and transient receptor potential melastatin 6 and 7 were abolished by the combined treatment of CCM. CCM has the potential to protect the kidney against CsA-induced nephrotoxicity by reducing magnesium ion wasting, tubular cell damage, and ER stress demonstrated further by human renal proximal tubular epithelial cell line HK-2. Our results contribute to the in-depth understanding of the role of polysaccharides and nucleobases as the main secondary metabolites of CCM in the defense system of renal functions in CsA-induced acute nephrotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zong-Han Wu
- Research Institute of Biotechnology, Hungkuang University, Taichung 43302, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Hung Chiu
- Research Institute of Biotechnology, Hungkuang University, Taichung 43302, Taiwan
- Department of Program in Animal Healthcare, Hungkuang University, Shalu District, Taichung 43302, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Chu Chen
- Grape King Biotechnology Center, Longtan District, Taoyuan 325002, Taiwan
| | - Charng-Cherng Chyau
- Research Institute of Biotechnology, Hungkuang University, Taichung 43302, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (C.-C.C.); (C.-H.C.); Tel.: +886-26318652 (C.-C.C.); Fax: +886-4-26525386 (C.-C.C.)
| | - Chi-Hung Cheng
- Research Institute of Biotechnology, Hungkuang University, Taichung 43302, Taiwan
- Department of Nephrology, Catholic Mercy Hospital, Hukou Township 303032, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (C.-C.C.); (C.-H.C.); Tel.: +886-26318652 (C.-C.C.); Fax: +886-4-26525386 (C.-C.C.)
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Xiao J, Shang W, Zhao Z, Jiang J, Chen J, Cai H, He J, Cai Z, Zhao Z. Pharmacodynamic Material Basis and Potential Mechanism Study of Spatholobi Caulis in Reversing Osteoporosis. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2023; 2023:3071147. [PMID: 37089711 PMCID: PMC10121353 DOI: 10.1155/2023/3071147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/03/2022] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
Objective To elucidate the mechanism of Spatholobi Caulis (SC) in treating osteoporosis (OP) integrated zebrafish model and bioinformatics. Methods Skeleton staining coupled with image quantification was performed to evaluate the effects of SC on skeleton mineralization area (SSA) and total optical density (TOD). Zebrafish locomotor activity was monitored using the EthoVision XT. Bioactive compounds of SC and their corresponding protein targets were acquired from Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology (TCMSP) database. Potential therapeutic targets for OP were summarized through retrieving 5 databases, and then, the overlapping genes between SC and OP were acquired. The core genes were selected by CytoHubba. Subsequently, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway and Gene Ontology (GO) functional analysis of the intersection target genes were carried out by R software. Finally, the molecular docking simulation was manipulated between the ingredients and the hub genes. Results Compared with the model group, SC significantly increased the SSA and TOD at 10 mg/mL and improved the locomotor activity in a dose-dependent manner (p < 0.001). 33 components of SC were associated with 72 OP-related genes including 10 core genes (MAPK1, VEGFA, MMP9, AKT1, AR, IL6, CALM3, TP53, EGFR, and CAT). Advanced Glycation End Product (AGE) Receptor for AGE (RAGE) signaling pathway was screened out as the principal pathway of SC in anti-OP. The bioactive components (Aloe-emodin, Emodin, Formononetin, Licochalcone A, Luteolin, and Lopac-I-3766) have excellent affinity to core genes (MAPK1, VEGFA, MMP9, AKT1, and IL6). Conclusion SC had the hierarchical network characteristics of "multicomponents/multitargets/multifunctions/multipathways" in reversing OP, but AGE-RAGE signaling pathway may be the main regulatory mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianpeng Xiao
- Department of TCM, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wei Shang
- Department of TCM, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhiming Zhao
- Department of TCM, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jun Jiang
- Department of TCM, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jianping Chen
- School of Chinese Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 10 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hui Cai
- Department of TCM, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jinjin He
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhihui Cai
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zihan Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, China
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Qi S, Guan H, Wang Y, Fang Q, Cheng X, Liu P, Wei H, Liu W, Wang C. Simultaneous determination of cordycepin and its metabolite 3'-deoxyinosine in rat whole blood by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with Q Exactive hybrid quadrupole orbitrap high-resolution accurate mass spectrometry and its application to accurate pharmacokinetic studies. J Sep Sci 2023; 46:e2200602. [PMID: 36377517 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202200602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Cordycepin from Cordyceps possesses excellent pharmacological properties, including anti-inflammation and anti-tumor effects, therefore representing a potential alternative medicine. However, doubts about the pharmacokinetic results of cordycepin had been raised in the previous study due to its rapid deamination. The organic solvent methanol was immediately added to terminate the degradation of cordycepin in anticoagulated blood samples and enable the accurate evaluation of pharmacokinetics in vivo. A sensitive and selective ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with Q Exactive hybrid quadrupole orbitrap high-resolution accurate mass spectrometry method was developed and validated to simultaneously determine cordycepin and its deamination metabolite 3'-deoxyinosine using 2-chloroadenosine as an internal standard in rat whole blood. The calibration curves of cordycepin and 3'-deoxyinosine showed excellent linearity within the concentration range of 1.05-10 000.00 ng/ml with acceptable accuracy, precision, selectivity, recovery, matrix effect, and stability. This method was successfully applied to the pharmacokinetic study of cordycepin and its metabolite in rat blood. The effect of the adenosine deaminase inhibitor erythro-9-(2-hydroxy-3-nonyl) adenine hydrochloride on the pharmacokinetics of cordycepin was investigated. In summary, the reliable pharmacokinetic parameters of cordycepin and its deamination metabolite 3'-deoxyinosine in rat blood were successfully elucidated. Erythro-9-(2-hydroxy-3-nonyl) adenine hydrochloride considerably prolonged the half-life of cordycepin in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenglan Qi
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and The SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, P. R. China.,Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Huida Guan
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and The SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Yongli Wang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and The SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Qinqin Fang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and The SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, P. R. China.,Institute of Liver Diseases, Key Laboratory of Liver and Kidney Diseases (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Clinical Medicine, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Xuemei Cheng
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and The SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Ping Liu
- Institute of Liver Diseases, Key Laboratory of Liver and Kidney Diseases (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Clinical Medicine, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, P. R. China.,Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Hai Wei
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Wei Liu
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and The SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, P. R. China.,Institute of Liver Diseases, Key Laboratory of Liver and Kidney Diseases (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Clinical Medicine, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Changhong Wang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and The SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, P. R. China
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Zhang H, Deng L, Yang J, Yang G, Fan H, Yin Y, Luo S, Li S, Liu L, Yang M. Preparation and evaluation of a nanoemulsion containing cordycepin and its protective effect on skin. J DISPER SCI TECHNOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/01932691.2022.2155665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hucheng Zhang
- College of Biological Engineering, Beijing Polytechnic, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Lina Deng
- Department of English, Beijing Health Vocational College, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Jun Yang
- College of Biological Engineering, Beijing Polytechnic, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Guowei Yang
- College of Biological Engineering, Beijing Polytechnic, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Haitao Fan
- College of Biological Engineering, Beijing Polytechnic, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Yiqi Yin
- College of Biological Engineering, Beijing Polytechnic, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Shuai Luo
- College of Biological Engineering, Beijing Polytechnic, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Shuangshi Li
- College of Biological Engineering, Beijing Polytechnic, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Linying Liu
- College of Biological Engineering, Beijing Polytechnic, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Ming Yang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Institute of Cardiac Surgery, PLA General Hospital, Beijing, P. R. China
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15
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Kopalli SR, Cha KM, Cho JY, Kim SK, Koppula S. Cordycepin mitigates spermatogenic and redox related expression in H 2O 2-exposed Leydig cells and regulates testicular oxidative apoptotic signalling in aged rats. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2022; 60:404-416. [PMID: 35175170 PMCID: PMC8863333 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2022.2033275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Cordycepin (COR), from Cordyceps militaris L., (Cordycipitaceae), is a valuable agent with immense health benefits. OBJECTIVE The protective effects of COR in ageing-associated oxidative and apoptosis events in vivo and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-exposed spermatogenesis gene alterations in TM3 Leydig cells was investigated. MATERIALS AND METHODS Male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into young control (YC), aged control (AC) and COR treated (COR-20) aged groups. COR-20 group received daily doses of COR (20 mg/kg) for 6 months. Cell viability and hormone levels were analysed by MTT [3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide] and enzyme immunoassay kits with COR treated at 1, 5, and 10 μg/mL. Oxidative enzymes, spermatogenic, and apoptotic expression in testis tissues were evaluated by Western blotting and real-time RT-PCR. RESULTS COR treatment (1, 5, and 10 μg/mL) significantly (p < 0.05 ∼ p < 0.001) inhibited the H2O2-induced decrease in the percentage of viable cells (from 63.27% to 71.25%, 85.67% and 93.97%, respectively), and reduced the malondialdehyde (MDA) content (from 4.28 to 3.98, 3.14 and 1.78 nM MDA/mg protein, respectively). Further, the decreased antioxidant enzymes (glutathione-S-transferase mu5, glutathione peroxidase 4 and peroxiredoxin 3), spermatogenesis-related factors (nectin-2 and inhibin-α) and testosterone levels in H2O2-exposed TM3 cells were significantly (p < 0.05 ∼ p < 0.001) ameliorated by COR. In aged rats, COR (20 mg/kg) restored the altered enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidative status and attenuated the apoptotic p53 and Bax/Bcl-2 expression significantly (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION COR might be developed as a potential agent against ageing-associated and oxidative stress-induced male infertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Spandana Rajendra Kopalli
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Sejong University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Integrated Biosciences, College of Biomedical & Health Science, Konkuk University, Chungju, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyu-Min Cha
- Business Incubator Center 406, D&L Biochem, Chungju-Si, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Youl Cho
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Si-Kwan Kim
- Department of Integrated Biosciences, College of Biomedical & Health Science, Konkuk University, Chungju, Republic of Korea
| | - Sushruta Koppula
- Department of Integrated Biosciences, College of Biomedical & Health Science, Konkuk University, Chungju, Republic of Korea
- CONTACT Sushruta Koppula Department of Integrated Biosciences, College of Biomedical & Health Science, Konkuk University, Chungju27381, Republic of Korea
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16
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Chai X, Pan M, Wang J, Feng M, Wang Y, Zhang Q, Sun Y. Cordycepin exhibits anti-fatigue effect via activating TIGAR/SIRT1/PGC-1α signaling pathway. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2022; 637:127-135. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2022.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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17
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Jin YT, Qi YQ, Jin M, Sun JF, Diao SB, Zhou W, Zhao LX, Li G. Synthesis, antitumor and antibacterial activities of cordycepin derivatives. JOURNAL OF ASIAN NATURAL PRODUCTS RESEARCH 2022; 24:849-859. [PMID: 34657548 DOI: 10.1080/10286020.2021.1982907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Twelve novel cordycepin derivatives were designed and synthesized with modification at positions of 2', 5'-hydroxyl and N6 amino groups of cordycepin. The results showed that the inhibitory activities of 3, 4b, 6c and 6d on A549 were comparable to the positive control gefitinib, and the inhibitory activity of 6a on A549 was better than that of gefitinib. Also, the inhibitory activities of twelve cordycepin derivatives against E. coli 1924, S. aureus 4220 and S. mutans 3289 were studied. Among them, 4b showed certain inhibitory on S. mutans 3289, while 6b showed certain inhibition on S. aureus 4220.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ting Jin
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian 116029, China
| | - Yan-Qiu Qi
- Key Laboratory of Natural Resources of Changbai Mountain and Functional Molecules, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, China
| | - Mei Jin
- Key Laboratory of Natural Resources of Changbai Mountain and Functional Molecules, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, China
| | - Jin-Feng Sun
- Key Laboratory of Natural Resources of Changbai Mountain and Functional Molecules, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, China
| | - Sheng-Bao Diao
- Key Laboratory of Natural Resources of Changbai Mountain and Functional Molecules, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, China
| | - Wei Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Natural Resources of Changbai Mountain and Functional Molecules, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, China
| | - Long-Xuan Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian 116029, China
| | - Gao Li
- Key Laboratory of Natural Resources of Changbai Mountain and Functional Molecules, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, China
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Wu Y, Zhao S, Liu C, Hu L. Development of urease inhibitors by fragment-based dynamic combinatorial chemistry. ChemMedChem 2022; 17:e202200307. [PMID: 35975876 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202200307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
In this study, fragment-based dynamic combinatorial chemistry (DCC) was explored for the development of novel urease inhibitors. Based on a rationally designed fragment, two iteratively evolved dynamic combinatorial libraries (DCLs) were generated and screened in the presence of urease template. The best ligand identified revealed not only strong urease inhibition but also low cytotoxicity. Additionally, possible inhibitory mechanism was elucidated in the binding kinetic study and docking simulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Wu
- Jiangsu University School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, CHINA
| | - Shuang Zhao
- Jiangsu University School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, CHINA
| | - Changming Liu
- Jiangsu University School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, CHINA
| | - Lei Hu
- Jiangsu University School of Pharmacy, College of pharmacy, 301 Xuefu Rd., Zhenjiang, China, 212013, Zhenjiang, CHINA
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Metabolites and Their Bioactivities from the Genus Cordyceps. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10081489. [PMID: 35893547 PMCID: PMC9330831 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10081489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The Cordyceps genus is a group of ascomycete parasitic fungi, and all known species of this genus are endoparasites; they mainly feed on insects or arthropods and a few feed on other fungi. Fungi of this genus have evolved highly specific and complex mechanisms to escape their host’s immune system and coordinate their life cycle coefficients with those of their hosts for survival and reproduction; this mechanism has led to the production of distinctive metabolites in response to the host’s defenses. Herein, we review approximately 131 metabolites discovered in the genus Cordyceps (including mycelium, fruiting bodies and fungal complexes) in the past 15 years, which can be used as an important source for new drug research and development. We summarize chemical structures, bioactivity and the potential application of these natural metabolites. We have excluded some reports that originally belonged to Cordyceps, but whose taxonomic attribution is no longer the Cordyceps genus. This can and will serve as a resource for drug discovery.
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Thymol protects against 6-hydroxydopamine-induced neurotoxicity in in vivo and in vitro model of Parkinson's disease via inhibiting oxidative stress. BMC Complement Med Ther 2022; 22:40. [PMID: 35144603 PMCID: PMC8832724 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-022-03524-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a multifactorial movement disorder with the progressive degeneration of the nigrostriatal system that impairs patients’ movement ability. Oxidative stress has been found to affect the etiology and pathogenesis of PD. Thymol, a monoterpenic phenol, is one of the most important dietary constituents in thyme species. It has been used in traditional medicine and possesses some properties including antioxidant, free radical scavenging, anti-inflammatory. In this study, in vitro and in vivo experiments were performed with the thymol in order to investigate its potential neuroprotective effects in models of PD. Methods The present study aimed to evaluate the therapeutic potential of thymol in 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA)-induced cellular and animal models of PD. Results Post-treatment with thymol in vitro was found to protect PC12 cells from toxicity induced by 6-OHDA administration in a dose-dependent manner by (1) increasing cell viability and (2) reduction in intracellular reactive oxygen species, intracellular lipid peroxidation, and annexin-positive cells. In vivo, post-treatment with thymol was protective against neurodegenerative phenotypes associated with systemic administration of 6-OHDA. Results indicated that thymol improved the locomotor activity, catalepsy, akinesia, bradykinesia, and motor coordination and reduced the apomorphine-caused rotation in 6-OHDA-stimulated rats. Increased level of reduced glutathione content and a decreased level of MDA (malondialdehyde) in striatum were observed in the 6-OHDA rats post-treated with thymol. Conclusions Collectively, our findings suggest that thymol exerts protective effects, possibly related to an anti-oxidation mechanism, in these in vitro and in vivo models of Parkinson’s disease.
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Zhang Z, Li K, Zheng Z, Liu Y. Cordycepin inhibits colon cancer proliferation by suppressing MYC expression. BMC Pharmacol Toxicol 2022; 23:12. [PMID: 35120580 PMCID: PMC8817531 DOI: 10.1186/s40360-022-00551-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cordycepin is a purine nucleoside anti-metabolite and anti-biotic isolated from the fungus Cordyceps militaris, which has potential anti-neoplastic activities. This study aimed to investigate the effect of cordycepin in inhibiting colon cancer development. Methods The proliferation of cordycepin-treated HCT116 and Caco-2 colon cancer cell lines was assessed with 3- (4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, and the viability was measured with colony formation assay. At the same time, cordycepin responsive gene and microRNAs (miRNAs, miRs) were screened by qRT-PCR. MYC over-expressing HCT116 and Caco-2 cell lines were constructed, which were further transfected with miR-26a. Inhibitory effect of cordycepin on cell proliferation was evaluated with cell viability assay, cell number count, and colony formation assay. The relative expression of MYC and miR-26a was detected by qRT-PCR and Western blot. Results Cordycepin inhibited colon cancer cell proliferation by down-regulating MYC mRNA/protein expression and up-regulating miR-26a in both HCT116 and Caco-2 cells. MYC over-expression could suppress the expression of miR-26a, which could be restored by cordycepin treatment. Additional miR-26a transfection in MYC over-expressing cells could reverse MYC over-expression-promoted proliferation, which could be further potentiated by cordycepin treatment. Conclusion Cordycepin is able to suppress colon cancer cell proliferation, likely mediated by the MYC/miR-26a pathway, supporting its potential for the treatment of colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Zhang
- Department of Chinese Medical Gastrointestinal of China-Japan Friendship Hospital, 2 Yinghua Dongjie, Beijing, 100029, China.
| | - Kui Li
- Department of Health Care, People's Hospital of Tibet Autonomous Region, 18 Linkuo North Road, Lhasa, 850000, Tibet, China
| | - Zhi Zheng
- Oncology Department, Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Jiangxi Cancer Hospital, 519 Beijing East Road, Nanchang, 330029, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yu Liu
- Department of Chinese Medical Gastrointestinal of China-Japan Friendship Hospital, 2 Yinghua Dongjie, Beijing, 100029, China
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22
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Improving effect of cordycepin on insulin synthesis and secretion in normal and oxidative-damaged INS-1 cells. Eur J Pharmacol 2022; 920:174843. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2022.174843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2021] [Revised: 02/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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Wu Y, Zhao S, Hu L. Identification of potent α-amylase inhibitors via dynamic combinatorial chemistry. Bioorg Med Chem 2022; 55:116609. [PMID: 35021143 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2022.116609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 01/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we report for the first time the discovery of potent α-amylase inhibitors using principle of dynamic combinatorial chemistry. The best compound identified exhibited not only high inhibitory efficiency but also low cytotoxicity. The binding mode and possible mechanism are determined in the subsequent kinetic and molecular docking studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Rd., Zhenjiang, China
| | - Shuang Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Rd., Zhenjiang, China
| | - Lei Hu
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Rd., Zhenjiang, China.
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Du K, Zheng X, Lv J, Zhong X, Wei M, Liu M. Cordycepin exacerbates cadmium-induced neurotoxicity via promoting endoplasmic reticulum stress-associated apoptosis. J Funct Foods 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2022.104935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
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Chen ZH, Han YY, Shang YJ, Zhuang SY, Huang JN, Wu BY, Li CH. Cordycepin Ameliorates Synaptic Dysfunction and Dendrite Morphology Damage of Hippocampal CA1 via A1R in Cerebral Ischemia. Front Cell Neurosci 2022; 15:783478. [PMID: 35002628 PMCID: PMC8740211 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2021.783478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Cordycepin exerted significant neuroprotective effects and protected against cerebral ischemic damage. Learning and memory impairments after cerebral ischemia are common. Cordycepin has been proved to improve memory impairments induced by cerebral ischemia, but its underlying mechanism has not been revealed yet. The plasticity of synaptic structure and function is considered to be one of the neural mechanisms of learning and memory. Therefore, we investigated how cordycepin benefits dendritic morphology and synaptic transmission after cerebral ischemia and traced the related molecular mechanisms. The effects of cordycepin on the protection against ischemia were studied by using global cerebral ischemia (GCI) and oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) models. Behavioral long-term potentiation (LTP) and synaptic transmission were observed with electrophysiological recordings. The dendritic morphology and histological assessment were assessed by Golgi staining and hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining, respectively. Adenosine A1 receptors (A1R) and adenosine A2A receptors (A2AR) were evaluated with western blotting. The results showed that cordycepin reduced the GCI-induced dendritic morphology scathing and behavioral LTP impairment in the hippocampal CA1 area, improved the learning and memory abilities, and up-regulated the level of A1R but not A2AR. In the in vitro experiments, cordycepin pre-perfusion could alleviate the hippocampal slices injury and synaptic transmission cripple induced by OGD, accompanied by increased adenosine content. In addition, the protective effect of cordycepin on OGD-induced synaptic transmission damage was eliminated by using an A1R antagonist instead of A2AR. These findings revealed that cordycepin alleviated synaptic dysfunction and dendritic injury in ischemic models by modulating A1R, which provides new insights into the pharmacological mechanisms of cordycepin for ameliorating cognitive impairment induced by cerebral ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao-Hui Chen
- School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Han
- School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China.,Panyu Central Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ying-Jie Shang
- School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Si-Yi Zhuang
- School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jun-Ni Huang
- School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bao-Yan Wu
- Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science, Institute of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chu-Hua Li
- School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
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Prospects of Cordycepin and Polysaccharides Produced by Cordyceps. Fungal Biol 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-16-8877-5_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Liu N, Zhou S, Olatunji OJ, Wu Y. Nucleosides rich extract from Cordyceps cicadae alleviated cisplatin-induced neurotoxicity in rats: A behavioral, biochemical and histopathological study. ARAB J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2021.103476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
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SHARMA SHIVANI, MADAAN KASHISH, KAUR RAVNEET. Cordycepin: A hidden metabolite with pharmacological potential. Int J Med Mushrooms 2022; 24:1-20. [DOI: 10.1615/intjmedmushrooms.2022044442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Zhao S, Wu Y, Hu L. Identification and synthesis of selective cholesterol esterase inhibitor using dynamic combinatorial chemistry. Bioorg Chem 2021; 119:105520. [PMID: 34864280 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2021.105520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
In this study, the concept of dynamic combinatorial chemistry (DCC) was applied to explore novel cholesterol esterase (CEase) inhibitors. In the presence of enzyme, two substrates (A1H3 and A2H3) were amplified from the dynamic combinatorial library (DCL), which was generated through reversible acylhydrazone formation reaction. In the in vitro biological evaluation, compound A1H3 exhibited not only potent (IC50 in nanomolar range) but also selective inhibition (>120 folds of selectivity for CEase over AChE). Furthermore, the binding pattern and possible binding mechanism were investigated in the kinetic experiment and molecular docking study, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 301 Xuefu Rd., Zhenjiang, China
| | - Yao Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 301 Xuefu Rd., Zhenjiang, China
| | - Lei Hu
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 301 Xuefu Rd., Zhenjiang, China.
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The Neuro-Protective Effects of the TSPO Ligands CB86 and CB204 on 6-OHDA-Induced PC12 Cell Death as an In Vitro Model for Parkinson’s Disease. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:biology10111183. [PMID: 34827176 PMCID: PMC8615274 DOI: 10.3390/biology10111183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Aims and objectives: For this study, we hypothesized that the two TSPO ligands CB86 and CB204 can inhibit cellular apoptosis and necrosis by in in vitro cellular PD model of undifferentiated PC12 cells exposed to 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA, 80 µM). The two TSPO ligands CB86 and CB204 seem to suppress cell death of PC12 induced by 6-OHDA. The results may be relevant to the use of these two TSPO ligands as therapeutic options for neurodegenerative diseases like Parkinson disease (PD). Results: The two ligands normalized significantly (57% and 52%, respectively, from 44%; whereas the control was 68%) cell proliferation at different time points from 0–24 h. As compared to control, the red count was increased up to 57-fold whereas CB86 and CB204 inhibited to 2.7-fold and 3.2-fold, respectively. CB86 and CB204 inhibited also normalized the cell viability up to 1.8-fold after the exposure to 6-OHDA, as assessed by XTT assay. The two TSPO ligands also inhibited apoptosis significantly (1.3-fold for both) as assessed by apopxin green staining. Conclusion: It appears that CB86, CB204, and maybe other TSPO ligands are able to slow the progression of neurodegenerative diseases like PD. Abstract Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder which is characterized by the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in substantia nigra (SN). Oxidative stress or reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation was suggested to play a role in this specific type of neurodegeneration. Therapeutic options which can target and counteract ROS generation may be of benefit. TSPO ligands are known to counteract with neuro-inflammation, ROS generation, apoptosis, and necrosis. In the current study, we investigated an in vitro cellular PD model by the assessment of 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA, 80 µM)-induced PC12 neurotoxicity. Simultaneously to the exposure of the cells to 6-OHDA, we added the TSPO ligands CB86 and CB204 (25 µM each) and assessed the impact on several markers of cell death. The two ligands normalized significantly (57% and 52% respectively, from 44%; whereas the control was 68%) cell proliferation at different time points from 0–24 h. Additionally, we evaluated the effect of these two TSPO ligands on necrosis using propidium iodide (PI) staining and found that the ligands inhibited significantly the 6-OHDA-induced necrosis. As compared to control, the red count was increased up to 57-fold whereas CB86 and CB204 inhibited to 2.7-fold and 3.2-fold respectively. Necrosis was also analyzed by LDH assay which showed significant effect. Both assays demonstrated similar potent anti-necrotic effect of the two TSPO ligands. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation induced by 6-OHDA was also inhibited by the two TSPO ligand up to 1.3 and 1.5-fold respectively, as compared to 6-OHDA group. CB86 and CB204 inhibited also normalized the cell viability up to 1.8-fold after the exposure to 6-OHDA, as assessed by XTT assay. The two TSPO ligands also inhibited apoptosis significantly (1.3-fold for both) as assessed by apopxin green staining. In summary, it appears that the two TSPO ligands CB86 and CB204 can suppress cell death of PC12 induced by 6-OHDA. The results may be relevant to the use of these two TSPO ligands as therapeutic option neurodegenerative diseases like PD.
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Liu W, Zhang L, Sun S, Tang LS, He SM, Chen AQ, Yao LN, Ren DL. Cordycepin inhibits inflammatory responses through suppression of ERK activation in zebrafish. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 124:104178. [PMID: 34157317 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2021.104178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
As a natural extract, cordycepin has been shown to play important regulatory roles in many life activities. In the study, the effects of cordycepin on inflammatory responses and the underlying mechanisms was explored using a zebrafish model. In the model of LPS-induced inflammation, cordycepin was found to significantly inhibited the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as tnf-α, il-1β, il-6, and il-8. Using in vivo imaging model, cordycepin significantly inhibited fluorescent-labeled neutrophils migrating towards injury sites. Furthermore, results showed that the phosphorylation level of ERK protein dramatically decreased after cordycepin treatment. Meanwhile, the ERK inhibitor, PD0325901, significantly inhibited the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines in LPS-induced inflammatory model and neutrophils migration in the caudal fin injury model. This study indicated the important roles of cordycepin in inhibiting LPS and injury-induced inflammation and preliminarily explained the role of ERK protein in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, No. 130 Changjiang West Road, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Ling Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, No. 130 Changjiang West Road, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Shuo Sun
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, No. 130 Changjiang West Road, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Long-Sheng Tang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, No. 130 Changjiang West Road, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Shi-Min He
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, No. 130 Changjiang West Road, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - An-Qi Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, No. 130 Changjiang West Road, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Li-Na Yao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, No. 130 Changjiang West Road, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Da-Long Ren
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, No. 130 Changjiang West Road, Hefei, 230036, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Local Livestock and Poultry Genetic Resource Conservation and Bio-breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China.
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Govindula A, Pai A, Baghel S, Mudgal J. Molecular mechanisms of cordycepin emphasizing its potential against neuroinflammation: An update. Eur J Pharmacol 2021; 908:174364. [PMID: 34297967 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2021.174364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Revised: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Recent research emphasizes the central role of neuroinflammation in complex neurological disorders such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, depression, multiple sclerosis, and traumatic brain injury. Multiple pathological variables with identical molecular mechanisms have been implicated in the development of CNS inflammatory diseases. Therefore, one of the most crucial tasks in the management of CNS disorders is the alleviation of neuroinflammation. However, there are many drawbacks of new pharmacological drugs used in the management of CNS disorders, including medication side effects, and treatment complications. There is a growing inclination towards bioactive constituents of natural origin to unearth the potential remedies. Cordycepin, an adenosine analogue, is one such bioactive constituent with multiple actions, viz., anticancer, anti-inflammatory, hepato-protective, antidepressant, anti-Alzheimer's, anti-Parkinsonian and immunomodulatory effects, along with the promotion of remyelination. This review highlights the converging neuroinflammatory targets of cordycepin in Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and depression, to substantiate its anti-neuroinflammatory property. Cordycepin acts by downregulation of adenosine A2 receptor, inhibition of microglial activation, and subsequent inhibition of several neuroinflammatory markers (NF-κB, NLRP3 inflammasome, IL-1β, iNOS, COX-2, TNF-α, and HMGB1). Cordycepin mitigates LPS-mediated toll-like receptor activation by activating adenosine receptor A1, thereby improving antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase) levels. These pieces of evidence point to the probable anti-neuroinflammatory mechanisms of cordycepin, which could facilitate the development of new remedies against neuroinflammation-associated CNS disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anusha Govindula
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, India
| | - Anuja Pai
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, India
| | - Saahil Baghel
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, India
| | - Jayesh Mudgal
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, India.
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Radhi M, Ashraf S, Lawrence S, Tranholm AA, Wellham PAD, Hafeez A, Khamis AS, Thomas R, McWilliams D, de Moor CH. A Systematic Review of the Biological Effects of Cordycepin. Molecules 2021; 26:5886. [PMID: 34641429 PMCID: PMC8510467 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26195886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
We conducted a systematic review of the literature on the effects of cordycepin on cell survival and proliferation, inflammation, signal transduction and animal models. A total of 1204 publications on cordycepin were found by the cut-off date of 1 February 2021. After application of the exclusion criteria, 791 papers remained. These were read and data on the chosen subjects were extracted. We found 192 papers on the effects of cordycepin on cell survival and proliferation and calculated a median inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 135 µM. Cordycepin consistently repressed cell migration (26 papers) and cellular inflammation (53 papers). Evaluation of 76 papers on signal transduction indicated consistently reduced PI3K/mTOR/AKT and ERK signalling and activation of AMPK. In contrast, the effects of cordycepin on the p38 and Jun kinases were variable, as were the effects on cell cycle arrest (53 papers), suggesting these are cell-specific responses. The examination of 150 animal studies indicated that purified cordycepin has many potential therapeutic effects, including the reduction of tumour growth (37 papers), repression of pain and inflammation (9 papers), protecting brain function (11 papers), improvement of respiratory and cardiac conditions (8 and 19 papers) and amelioration of metabolic disorders (8 papers). Nearly all these data are consistent with cordycepin mediating its therapeutic effects through activating AMPK, inhibiting PI3K/mTOR/AKT and repressing the inflammatory response. We conclude that cordycepin has excellent potential as a lead for drug development, especially for age-related diseases. In addition, we discuss the remaining issues around the mechanism of action, toxicity and biodistribution of cordycepin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masar Radhi
- Pain Centre Versus Arthritis, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK; (M.R.); (A.A.T.); (D.M.)
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK; (S.L.); (P.A.D.W.); (A.H.); (A.S.K.)
| | - Sadaf Ashraf
- Aberdeen Centre for Arthritis and Musculoskeletal Health, Institute of Medical Sciences, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK;
| | - Steven Lawrence
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK; (S.L.); (P.A.D.W.); (A.H.); (A.S.K.)
| | - Asta Arendt Tranholm
- Pain Centre Versus Arthritis, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK; (M.R.); (A.A.T.); (D.M.)
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK; (S.L.); (P.A.D.W.); (A.H.); (A.S.K.)
| | - Peter Arthur David Wellham
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK; (S.L.); (P.A.D.W.); (A.H.); (A.S.K.)
| | - Abdul Hafeez
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK; (S.L.); (P.A.D.W.); (A.H.); (A.S.K.)
| | - Ammar Sabah Khamis
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK; (S.L.); (P.A.D.W.); (A.H.); (A.S.K.)
| | - Robert Thomas
- The Primrose Oncology Unit, Bedford Hospital NHS Trust, Bedford MK42 9DJ, UK;
- Department of Oncology, Addenbrooke’s Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Trust, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Daniel McWilliams
- Pain Centre Versus Arthritis, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK; (M.R.); (A.A.T.); (D.M.)
- NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre (BRC), Nottingham NG5 1PB, UK
| | - Cornelia Huiberdina de Moor
- Pain Centre Versus Arthritis, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK; (M.R.); (A.A.T.); (D.M.)
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK; (S.L.); (P.A.D.W.); (A.H.); (A.S.K.)
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Initial purification of antimicrobial fermentation metabolites from Paecilomyces cicadae and its antimicrobial mechanism. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2021.111785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Adenosine and Cordycepin Accelerate Tissue Remodeling Process through Adenosine Receptor Mediated Wnt/β-Catenin Pathway Stimulation by Regulating GSK3b Activity. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22115571. [PMID: 34070360 PMCID: PMC8197479 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Adenosine is a cellular metabolite with diverse derivatives that possesses a wide range of physiological roles. We investigated the molecular mechanisms of adenosine and cordycepin for their promoting effects in wound-healing process. The mitochondrial energy metabolism and cell proliferation markers, cAMP responsive element binding protein 1 (CREB1) and Ki67, were enhanced by adenosine and cordycepin in cultured dermal fibroblasts. Adenosine and cordycepin stimulated adenosine receptor signaling via elevated cAMP. The phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MEK) 1/2, mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta (Gsk3b) and Wnt target genes such as bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) 2/4 and lymphoid enhancer binding factor (Lef) 1 were activated. The enhanced gene expression by adenosine and cordycepin was abrogated by adenosine A2A and A2B receptor inhibitors, ZM241385 and PSH603, and protein kinase A (PKA) inhibitor H89, indicating the involvement of adenosine receptor A2A, A2B and PKA. As a result of Wnt/β-catenin pathway activation, the secretion of growth factors such as insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1 and transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ) 3 was increased, previously reported to facilitate the wound healing process. In addition, in vitro fibroblast migration was also increased, demonstrating their possible roles in facilitating the wound healing process. In conclusion, our data strongly demonstrate that adenosine and cordycepin stimulate the Wnt/β-catenin signaling through the activation of adenosine receptor, possibly promoting the tissue remodeling process and suggest their therapeutic potential for treating skin wounds.
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Zeng Z, Mou D, Luo L, Zhong W, Duan L, Zou X. Different Cultivation Environments Affect the Yield, Bacterial Community and Metabolites of Cordyceps cicadae. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:669785. [PMID: 34046024 PMCID: PMC8144455 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.669785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Cordyceps cicadae is an entomogenous fungus with important uses in traditional Chinese medicine. However, its wild resources have not met consumers' demand due to excessive harvesting practices. Artificial cultivation is therefore an important alternative, but research on cultivating C. cicadae in natural habitats has not been reported. In this study, we aimed to explore the viability of cultivating C. cicadae in a natural habitat, in the soil of Pinus massoniana forest. We assessed and compared the yield, metabolite contents and bacterial community composition of C. cicadae grown in the Antheraea pernyi pupae at different growth stages, and under different cultivation conditions, in the soil of a natural habitat and in sterile glass bottles. Our results showed that cultivating C. cicadae in a natural habitat is feasible, with up to 95% of pupae producing C. cicadae fruiting bodies. The content of nitrogen compounds (amino acids) in C. cicadae cultivated in a natural habitat was significantly higher than in glass bottles, while the yield and carbon compound (mannitol and polysaccharide) and nucleoside (cordycepin and adenosine) contents were lower. Different bacterial genera were enriched in C. cicadae at different growth stages and cultivation environments, and these bacterial genera were closely related to metabolites contents during growth. This study demonstrated the viability of a novel cultivation method of C. cicadae, which could be used as an alternative to wild stocks of this fungus. These findings provided new insights into the growth mechanism of C. cicadae and its interaction with soil microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoying Zeng
- Institute of Fungal Resources, College of Life Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), Guizhou Key Lab of Agro-Bioengineering, College of Life Sciences/Institute of Agro-Bioengineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
- School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Dan Mou
- Institute of Fungal Resources, College of Life Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Li Luo
- Institute of Fungal Resources, College of Life Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Wenlin Zhong
- Institute of Fungal Resources, College of Life Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Lin Duan
- Institute of Fungal Resources, College of Life Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Xiao Zou
- Institute of Fungal Resources, College of Life Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), Guizhou Key Lab of Agro-Bioengineering, College of Life Sciences/Institute of Agro-Bioengineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
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Cordyceps cicadae polysaccharides inhibit human cervical cancer hela cells proliferation via apoptosis and cell cycle arrest. Food Chem Toxicol 2021; 148:111971. [PMID: 33421460 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2021.111971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The present study presented the extraction and purification of polysaccharides from artificially cultured Cordyceps cicadae and wild Cordyceps cicadae by pre-soaking ultrasonic water extraction. The effects of different concentrations of polysaccharides on proliferation and cytotoxicity of Hela cells were detected by MTT and LDH methods. The results showed that the proliferation of Hela cells was inhibited by polysaccharides treatment (25 μg/mL-1600 μg/mL). The results of flow cytometry further confirmed that polysaccharides blocked the cell cycle in the S phase and promoted apoptosis. RT-qPCR and Western Blot were used to study the mRNA and protein expression of genes related to cell cycle and apoptosis signaling pathway. The results showed that polysaccharides treatment inhibited the expression of Cyclin E, Cyclin A and CDK2 and up regulated the expression of P53. Further, activation of Caspase cascade reaction, up regulation of death receptor, and the ratio of pro-apoptotic factor/anti-apoptotic factors, thus caused the cell cycle arrest and induced the apoptosis. The above research results lay a foundation for extending the anti-cancer effects of natural plant resources with low toxicity and high efficiency.
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Chen B, Zhao J, Zhang R, Zhang L, Zhang Q, Yang H, An J. Neuroprotective effects of natural compounds on neurotoxin-induced oxidative stress and cell apoptosis. Nutr Neurosci 2020; 25:1078-1099. [PMID: 33164705 DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.2020.1840035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Overproduction of reactive species, notably reactive oxygen (ROS) and nitrogen (RNS) species, along with the failure of balancing effects of endogenous antioxidant defenses result in destruction of cellular structures, lipids, proteins, and genetic material, which lead to oxidative stress. Oxidative stress-induced neuronal apoptosis plays a pivotal role in pathogenesis of neurodegeneration. Antioxidants represent one of the medical choice strategies for protecting against this unbalanced oxidation-antioxidation status. Recently, natural compounds with neuroprotective potential that can scavenge free radicals and protect cells from oxidative damage have received extensive attention. METHODS In this review, we summarized the detailed research progress on the medicinal plants-derived natural compounds with potential anti-oxidation effects and their molecular mechanisms on modulating the neurotoxin (6-OHDA, H2O2, glutamate, Aβ)-induced oxidative stress and cell apoptosis. RESULTS The natural compounds that efficacious in modulating reactive species production and mitochondrial function include flavonoids, glucosides, alkaloids, polyphenols, lignans, coumarins, terpenoids, quinones and others. They decreased the neurotoxin-induced oxidative damage and apoptosis by (1) decreasing ROS/RNS generation, lipid peroxidation, caspase-3 and caspase-9 activities, LDH release, the ratio of Bax/Bcl-2, Ca2+ influx and cytochrome c release, (2) elevating MMP, and (3) restoring endogenous antioxidant enzymatic activities (CAT, GSH-Px, GSR, SOD). And they exerted neuroprotective effects against cell damages and apoptosis by modulating the oxidative cascades of different signaling pathways (Nrf2/HO-1, NF-κB, MAPKs, PI3K/Akt, GSK-3β) and preventing mitochondria-dependent apoptosis pathways. DISCUSSION The present work reviews the role of oxidative stress in neurodegeneration, highlighting the potential anti-oxidation effects of natural compounds as a promising approach to develop innovative neuroprotective strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Chen
- Translational Medicine Centre, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shannxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingjing Zhao
- Translational Medicine Centre, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shannxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Translational Medicine Centre, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shannxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Lingling Zhang
- Translational Medicine Centre, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shannxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Translational Medicine Centre, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shannxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Yang
- Translational Medicine Centre, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shannxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing An
- Translational Medicine Centre, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shannxi, People's Republic of China
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Wang L, He Y, Li Y, Pei C, Olatunji OJ, Tang J, Famurewa AC, Wang H, Yan B. Protective Effects of Nucleosides-Rich Extract from Cordyceps cicadae against Cisplatin Induced Testicular Damage. Chem Biodivers 2020; 17:e2000671. [PMID: 33007148 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202000671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Cisplatin (CISP) is an efficacious anticancer agent used in chemotherapy, however, the constraint to its clinical utility is the stray organ toxicity including testicular damage linked to oxidative and inflammatory cascades. This study aimed to explore the protective effect of nucleosides-rich extract from Cordyceps cicadae (NRCE) against CISP-induced testicular damage in rats. Rats were subjected to prophylactic oral administration of NRCE (50, 100 and 400 mg/kg body weight/day) for 7 days prior to testicular toxicity induced by CISP (10 mg/kg, ip) and were sacrificed after 72 h post-CISP injection. Cisplatin caused significant deficits in sperm count, viability and motility, testosterone and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) compared to normal control. It depressed testicular activities of glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), total antioxidant content (TAC), whereas malondialdehyde (MDA) increased remarkably. CISP considerably increased tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-one beta (IL-1β) with alterations in testis histology compared to normal control. Interestingly, NRCE pretreatment inhibited the CISP-induced alterations in reproductive indices, restored the antioxidant activities in testes as well as inflammatory mediators and histology comparable to control. Our findings demonstrate that NRCE could prevent CISP testicular damage via inhibition of oxidative stress and pro-inflammation in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Wang
- Department of Reproductive Center, the 940th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force of Chinese PLA, Lanzhou, 730050, P. R. China
| | - Yigang He
- Department of Health Service, the 940th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force of Chinese PLA, Lanzhou, 730050, P. R. China
| | - Yudi Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, P. R. China
| | - Chengbin Pei
- Ningxia Human Sperm Bank, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, P. R. China
| | - Opeyemi Joshua Olatunji
- Faculty of Thai Traditional Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Songkla, 90110, Thailand
| | - Jian Tang
- School of Chinese Medicine, Bozhou University, Bozhou, 236800, P. R. China
| | - Ademola C Famurewa
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Alex Ekwueme Federal University, Ndufu-Alike, Ikwo, 1010, Abakaliki, Ebonyi State, Nigeria
| | - Hongyan Wang
- Ningxia Human Sperm Bank, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, P. R. China
| | - Bei Yan
- Ningxia Human Sperm Bank, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, P. R. China
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Jiang X, Tang P-C, Chen Q, Zhang X, Fan Y-Y, Yu BC, Gu X-X, Sun Y, Ge X-Q, Zhang X-L. Cordycepin Exerts Neuroprotective Effects via an Anti-Apoptotic Mechanism based on the Mitochondrial Pathway in a Rotenone-Induced Parkinsonism Rat Model. CNS & NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS-DRUG TARGETS 2020; 18:609-620. [PMID: 31486758 DOI: 10.2174/1871527318666190905152138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2019] [Revised: 05/25/2019] [Accepted: 06/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cordycepin (Cor), one of the major bioactive components of the traditional Chinese medicine Cordyceps militaris, has been used in clinical practice for several years. However, its neuroprotective effect remains unknown. AIMS The purpose of the study was to evaluate the neuroprotective effects of Cor using a rotenoneinduced Parkinson's Disease (PD) rat model and to delineate the possible associated molecular mechanisms. METHODS In vivo, behavioural tests were performed based on the 10-point scale and grid tests. Levels of dopamine and its metabolites in the striatum and the numbers of TH-positive neurons in the Substantia Nigra pars compacta (SNpc) were investigated by high-performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection and immunohistochemical staining, respectively. In vitro, cell apoptosis rates and Mitochondrial Membrane Potential (MMP) were analysed by flow cytometry and the mRNA and protein levels of Bax, Bcl-2, Bcl-xL, Cytochrome c (Cyt-c), and caspase-3 were determined by quantitative real-time PCR and western blotting. RESULTS Showed that Cor significantly improved dyskinesia, increased the numbers of TH-positive neurons in the SNpc, and maintained levels of dopamine and its metabolites in the striatum in rotenone- induced PD rats. We also found that apoptosis was suppressed and the loss of MMP was reversed with Cor treatment. Furthermore, Cor markedly down-regulated the expression of Bax, upregulated Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL, inhibited the activation of caspase-3, and decreased the release of Cyt-c from the mitochondria to the cytoplasm, as compared to those in the rotenone-treated group. CONCLUSION Therefore, Cor protected dopamine neurons against rotenone-induced apoptosis by improving mitochondrial dysfunction in a PD model, demonstrating its therapeutic potential for this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Jiang
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China.,People's Hospital of Baoying, Baoying, 225800, China
| | - Tang P-C
- Shanghai Guobao Enterprise Development Center, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Qin Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Shanghai Guobao Enterprise Development Center, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Fan Y-Y
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Bo-Cheng Yu
- Shanghai Guobao Enterprise Development Center, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Gu X-X
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Ying Sun
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Ge X-Q
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Senile Diseases, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China.,Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Zhang X-L
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Senile Diseases, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
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Karthi S, Vasantha-Srinivasan P, Ganesan R, Ramasamy V, Senthil-Nathan S, Khater HF, Radhakrishnan N, Amala K, Kim TJ, El-Sheikh MA, Krutmuang P. Target Activity of Isaria tenuipes (Hypocreales: Clavicipitaceae) Fungal Strains against Dengue Vector Aedes aegypti (Linn.) and Its Non-Target Activity Against Aquatic Predators. J Fungi (Basel) 2020; 6:E196. [PMID: 33003327 PMCID: PMC7712577 DOI: 10.3390/jof6040196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The present investigation aimed to determine the fungal toxicity of Isaria tenuipes (My-It) against the dengue mosquito vector Aedes aegypti L. and its non-target impact against the aquatic predator Toxorhynchitessplendens. Lethal concentrations (LC50 and LC90) of My-It were observed in 2.27 and 2.93 log ppm dosages, respectively. The sub-lethal dosage (My-It-1 × 104 conidia/mL) displayed a significant oviposition deterrence index and also blocked the fecundity rate of dengue mosquitos in a dose-dependent manner. The level of major detoxifying enzymes, such as carboxylesterase (α-and β-) and SOD, significantly declined in both third and fourth instar larvae at the maximum dosage of My-It 1 × 105 conidia/mL. However, the level of glutathione S-transferase (GST) and cytochrome P-450 (CYP450) declined steadily when the sub-lethal dosage was increased and attained maximum reduction in the enzyme level at the dosage of My-It (1 × 105 conidia/mL). Correspondingly, the gut-histology and photomicrography results made evident that My-It (1 × 105 conidia/mL) heavily damaged the internal gut cells and external physiology of the dengue larvae compared to the control. Moreover, the non-target toxicity against the beneficial predator revealed that My-It at the maximum dosage (1 × 1020 conidia/mL) was found to be less toxic with <45% larval toxicity against Tx.splendens. Thus, the present toxicological research on Isaria tenuipes showed that it is target-specific and a potential agent for managing medically threatening arthropods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sengodan Karthi
- Division of Bio Pesticides and Environmental Toxicology, Sri Paramakalyani Centre for Excellence in Environmental Sciences, Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Alwarkurichi, Tirunelveli 627412, Tamil Nadu, India; (S.K.); (S.S.-N.)
| | - Prabhakaran Vasantha-Srinivasan
- Department of Biotechnology, Peter’s Institute of Higher Education and Research, Avadi, Chennai 600054, Tamil Nadu, India; (P.V.-S.); (K.A.)
| | - Raja Ganesan
- Department of Biological Science, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea; (R.G.); (T.-J.K.)
| | - Venkatachalam Ramasamy
- PG and Research Department of Zoology, J.K.K. Nataraja College of Arts and Science, Komarapalayam-638183, Tamil Nadu, India;
| | - Sengottayan Senthil-Nathan
- Division of Bio Pesticides and Environmental Toxicology, Sri Paramakalyani Centre for Excellence in Environmental Sciences, Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Alwarkurichi, Tirunelveli 627412, Tamil Nadu, India; (S.K.); (S.S.-N.)
| | - Hanem F. Khater
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Moshtohor, Toukh 13736, Egypt;
| | - Narayanaswamy Radhakrishnan
- Department of Biochemistry, St. Peter’s Institute of Higher Education and Research, Avadi, Chennai 600054, Tamil Nadu, India;
| | - Kesavan Amala
- Department of Biotechnology, Peter’s Institute of Higher Education and Research, Avadi, Chennai 600054, Tamil Nadu, India; (P.V.-S.); (K.A.)
| | - Tae-Jin Kim
- Department of Biological Science, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea; (R.G.); (T.-J.K.)
| | - Mohamed A. El-Sheikh
- Botany and Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Patcharin Krutmuang
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Innovative Agriculture Research Center, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
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Nxumalo W, Elateeq AA, Sun Y. Can Cordyceps cicadae be used as an alternative to Cordyceps militaris and Cordyceps sinensis? - A review. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 257:112879. [PMID: 32305637 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.112879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Revised: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Cordyceps cicadae (Mig.) Massee is one of the oldest and well-known traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), with its uses recorded as far back as the 5th century A.D. For centuries, C. cicadae has been used as food, tonic and folk medicine to treat malaria, palpitations, cancer, fever, diabetes, eye diseases, dizziness, and chronic kidney diseases. Although C. cicadae has been used as TCM for over 1600 years, it is not the most popular amongst the Cordyceps family. Cordyceps Sinensis (C. sinensis) and Cordyceps militaris (C. militaris) are the most studied and widely used, with a number of commercially available products derived from these two Cordyceps species. AIM OF THE REVIEW This review seeks to look at the research that has been conducted on C. cicadae over the past 30 years, reporting on the biological activities, development and utilization. This information was compared to that focused on C. sinensis and C. militaris. MATERIALS AND METHODS A literature search was conducted on different scientific search engines including, but not limited to "Web of Science", "ScienceDirect" and "Google Scholar" to identify published data on C. cicadae, I. cicadae, P. cicadae, C. sinensis and C. militaris. RESULTS Research conducted on C. cicadae over the past two decades have shown that it poses similar biological properties and chemical composition as C. sinensis and C. militaris. C. cicadae has been reported to grow in many geographic locations, as compared to C. sinensis, and can be artificially cultivated via different methods. CONCLUSION There exists sufficient evidence that C. cicadae has medicinal benefits and contain bioactive compounds similar to those found on C. sinensis and C. militaris. However, more research and standardization methods are still needed to directly compare C. cicadae with C. sinensis and C. militaris, in order to ascertain the suitability of C. cicadae as an alternative source of Cordyceps products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Winston Nxumalo
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China; Department of Chemistry, University of Limpopo, Private Bag X1106, Sovenga, 0727, Polokwane, South Africa.
| | - Ahmed Abdelfattah Elateeq
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China; Horticulture Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo, 11651, Egypt
| | - Yanfang Sun
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China.
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Cordycepin for Health and Wellbeing: A Potent Bioactive Metabolite of an Entomopathogenic Cordyceps Medicinal Fungus and Its Nutraceutical and Therapeutic Potential. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25122735. [PMID: 32545666 PMCID: PMC7356751 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25122735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cordyceps is a rare naturally occurring entomopathogenic fungus usually found at high altitudes on the Himalayan plateau and a well-known medicinal mushroom in traditional Chinese medicine. Cordyceps contains various bioactive components, out of which, cordycepin is considered most vital, due to its utmost therapeutic as well as nutraceutical potential. Moreover, the structure similarity of cordycepin with adenosine makes it an important bioactive component, with difference of only hydroxyl group, lacking in the 3′ position of its ribose moiety. Cordycepin is known for various nutraceutical and therapeutic potential, such as anti-diabetic, anti-hyperlipidemia, anti-fungal, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, antioxidant, anti-aging, anticancer, antiviral, hepato-protective, hypo-sexuality, cardiovascular diseases, antimalarial, anti-osteoporotic, anti-arthritic, cosmeceutical etc. which makes it a most valuable medicinal mushroom for helping in maintaining good health. In this review, effort has been made to bring altogether the possible wide range of cordycepin’s nutraceutical potential along with its pharmacological actions and possible mechanism. Additionally, it also summarizes the details of cordycepin based nutraceuticals predominantly available in the market with expected global value. Moreover, this review will attract the attention of food scientists, nutritionists, pharmaceutical and food industries to improve the use of bioactive molecule cordycepin for nutraceutical purposes with commercialization to aid and promote healthy lifestyle, wellness and wellbeing.
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44
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Xu J, Zhang S, Zhao S, Hu L. Identification and synthesis of an efficient multivalent E. coli heat labile toxin inhibitor __ A dynamic combinatorial chemistry approach. Bioorg Med Chem 2020; 28:115436. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2020.115436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Revised: 03/01/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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45
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Jaiboonma A, Kaokaen P, Chaicharoenaudomrung N, Kunhorm P, Janebodin K, Noisa P, Jitprasertwong P. Cordycepin attenuates Salivary Hypofunction through the Prevention of Oxidative Stress in Human Submandibular Gland Cells. Int J Med Sci 2020; 17:1733-1743. [PMID: 32714076 PMCID: PMC7378660 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.46707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Xerostomia (dry mouth) is a significant age-related condition. Meanwhile, cordycepin, the natural therapeutic agent, has demonstrated an anti-aging effect. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the preventive effects of cordycepin on secretory function in an in vitro model of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced salivary hypofunction. After being exposed to H2O2, human submandibular gland (HSG) cells were treated with various concentrations of cordycepin (6.25-50 µM) for 24, 48, and 72h. To evaluate cell proliferation and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide and 2, 7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate assays were performed. The amylase activity was kinetically measured by 2-chloro-p-nitrophenol linked with maltotrioside. The expression of salivary, antioxidant and apoptotic markers at mRNA and protein levels were performed by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and immunofluorescence analysis, respectively. We demonstrated that cordycepin (6.25-25 µM) contributed to significant increases in expression of the salivary marker genes, alpha-amylase 1 (AMY1A) and aquaporin-5 (AQP5), and in amylase secretion without changes in cell viability. Under oxidative stress, HSG cells showed remarkable dysfunction. Cordycepin rescued the protective effects partially by decreasing ROS generation and restoring the expression of the salivary proteins, AMY and AQP5 via anti-oxidant and anti-apoptotic activity. In addition, the amount of amylase that was secreted from HSG cells cultured in cordycepin was increased. In conclusion, cordycepin demonstrated a protective effect on H2O2 -induced HSG cells by decreasing ROS generation and upregulating the salivary function markers, AMY1A and AQP5, at both the transcriptional and translational levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atchara Jaiboonma
- School of Geriatric Oral Health, Institute of Dentistry, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand.,Laboratory of Cell-Based Assays and Innovations, School of Biotechnology, Institute of Agricultural Technology, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand
| | - Palakorn Kaokaen
- School of Geriatric Oral Health, Institute of Dentistry, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand.,Laboratory of Cell-Based Assays and Innovations, School of Biotechnology, Institute of Agricultural Technology, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand
| | - Nipha Chaicharoenaudomrung
- Laboratory of Cell-Based Assays and Innovations, School of Biotechnology, Institute of Agricultural Technology, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand
| | - Phongsakorn Kunhorm
- Laboratory of Cell-Based Assays and Innovations, School of Biotechnology, Institute of Agricultural Technology, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand
| | | | - Parinya Noisa
- Laboratory of Cell-Based Assays and Innovations, School of Biotechnology, Institute of Agricultural Technology, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand
| | - Paiboon Jitprasertwong
- School of Geriatric Oral Health, Institute of Dentistry, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand
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Xu J, Zhao S, Zhang S, Pei J, Li Y, Zhang Y, He X, Hu L. Development of a multivalent acetylcholinesterase inhibitor via dynamic combinatorial chemistry. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 150:1184-1191. [PMID: 31758986 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.10.127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Revised: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we report the generation of a polymer based dynamic combinatorial library (DCL) using aldehyde-functionalized linear poly(glycidol) and hydrazide derivatives as initial building blocks. In combination with tetrameric acetylcholinesterase (AChE), a certain type of amplified acylhydrazone side chain is identified and further used for the synthesis of a multivalent AChE inhibitor. The cytotoxicity and inhibition properties of the multivalent inhibitor are evaluated, and the results indicate superior bioactivity compared to the commercial reference Edrophonium chloride.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jintao Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Shuang Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Shixin Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Jialu Pei
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Yanhong Li
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Yongxin Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Xiangyang He
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Lei Hu
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China.
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Shi H, Zhang M, Bhandari B, Wang Y, Yi S. Effects of superfine grinding on the properties and qualities of
Cordyceps militaris
and its spent substrate. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.14169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hao Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology Jiangnan University Wuxi China
| | - Min Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology Jiangnan University Wuxi China
- International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety Jiangnan University Wuxi China
| | - Bhesh Bhandari
- School of Agriculture and Food Sciences University of Queensland Brisbane QLD Australia
| | - Yuchuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology Jiangnan University Wuxi China
| | - Sifu Yi
- Yandi Biological Engineering Co., Ltd Changde China
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Yao LH, Wang J, Liu C, Wei S, Li G, Wang S, Meng W, Liu ZB, Huang LP. Cordycepin protects against β-amyloid and ibotenic acid-induced hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neuronal hyperactivity. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY & PHARMACOLOGY : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSIOLOGICAL SOCIETY AND THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF PHARMACOLOGY 2019; 23:483-491. [PMID: 31680770 PMCID: PMC6819905 DOI: 10.4196/kjpp.2019.23.6.483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Revised: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cordycepin exerts neuroprotective effects against excitotoxic neuronal death. However, its direct electrophysiological evidence in Alzheimer's disease (AD) remains unclear. This study aimed to explore the electrophysiological mechanisms underlying the protective effect of cordycepin against the excitotoxic neuronal insult in AD using whole-cell patch clamp techniques. β-Amyloid (Aβ) and ibotenic acid (IBO)-induced injury model in cultured hippocampal neurons was used for the purpose. The results revealed that cordycepin significantly delayed Aβ + IBO-induced excessive neuronal membrane depolarization. It increased the onset time/latency, extended the duration, and reduced the slope in both slow and rapid depolarization. Additionally, cordycepin reversed the neuronal hyperactivity in Aβ + IBO-induced evoked action potential (AP) firing, including increase in repetitive firing frequency, shortening of evoked AP latency, decrease in the amplitude of fast afterhyperpolarization, and increase in membrane depolarization. Further, the suppressive effect of cordycepin against Aβ + IBO-induced excessive neuronal membrane depolarization and neuronal hyperactivity was blocked by DPCPX (8-cyclopentyl-1,3-dipropylxanthine, an adenosine A1 receptor-specific blocker). Collectively, these results revealed the suppressive effect of cordycepin against the Aβ + IBO-induced excitotoxic neuronal insult by attenuating excessive neuronal activity and membrane depolarization, and the mechanism through the activation of A1R is strongly recommended, thus highlighting the therapeutic potential of cordycepin in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Hua Yao
- School of Life Science, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330013, PR China.,School of Sport Science, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330013, PR China
| | - Jinxiu Wang
- School of Life Science, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330013, PR China
| | - Chao Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330004, PR China
| | - Shanshan Wei
- School of Life Science, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330013, PR China
| | - Guoyin Li
- School of Sport Science, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330013, PR China
| | - Songhua Wang
- School of Life Science, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330013, PR China
| | - Wei Meng
- School of Life Science, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330013, PR China
| | - Zhi-Bin Liu
- School of Sport Science, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330013, PR China
| | - Li-Ping Huang
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330004, PR China
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Cho B, Kim T, Huh YJ, Lee J, Lee YI. Amelioration of Mitochondrial Quality Control and Proteostasis by Natural Compounds in Parkinson's Disease Models. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20205208. [PMID: 31640129 PMCID: PMC6829248 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20205208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Revised: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a well-known age-related neurodegenerative disorder associated with longer lifespans and rapidly aging populations. The pathophysiological mechanism is a complex progress involving cellular damage such as mitochondrial dysfunction and protein homeostasis. Age-mediated degenerative neurological disorders can reduce the quality of life and also impose economic burdens. Currently, the common treatment is replacement with levodopa to address low dopamine levels; however, this does not halt the progression of PD and is associated with adverse effects, including dyskinesis. In addition, elderly patients can react negatively to treatment with synthetic neuroprotection agents. Recently, natural compounds such as phytochemicals with fewer side effects have been reported as candidate treatments of age-related neurodegenerative diseases. This review focuses on mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, hormesis, proteostasis, the ubiquitin‒proteasome system, and autophagy (mitophagy) to explain the neuroprotective effects of using natural products as a therapeutic strategy. We also summarize the efforts to use natural extracts to develop novel pharmacological candidates for treatment of age-related PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bongki Cho
- Division of Biotechnology, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology, Daegu 42988, Korea.
| | - Taeyun Kim
- Department of New Biology, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology, Daegu 42988, Korea.
- Well Aging Research Center, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology, Daegu 42988, Korea.
| | - Yu-Jin Huh
- Department of New Biology, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology, Daegu 42988, Korea.
- Well Aging Research Center, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology, Daegu 42988, Korea.
| | - Jaemin Lee
- Department of New Biology, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology, Daegu 42988, Korea.
| | - Yun-Il Lee
- Division of Biotechnology, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology, Daegu 42988, Korea.
- Well Aging Research Center, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology, Daegu 42988, Korea.
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Carvacrol Protects Against 6-Hydroxydopamine-Induced Neurotoxicity in In Vivo and In Vitro Models of Parkinson's Disease. Neurotox Res 2019; 37:156-170. [PMID: 31364033 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-019-00088-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Revised: 06/23/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative movement disorder characterized by selective loss of dopaminergic neurons that project from the substantia nigra pars compacta to the striatum. Evidence from human and animal studies has suggested that oxidative damage critically contributes to neuronal loss in PD. Carvacrol (CAR), a monoterpenic phenol, is the main constituents in the essential oil of many aromatic plants and possesses some properties including anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant effects. In this study, in vitro and in vivo experiments were performed with the CAR in order to investigate its potential neuroprotective effects in models of PD. Post-treatment with CAR in vitro was found to protect rat adrenal pheochromocytoma PC12 cells from toxicity induced by 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) administration in a dose-dependent manner by (1) increasing cell viability and (2) reduction in intracellular reactive oxygen species, intracellular lipid peroxidation, and annexin-positive cells. In vivo, post-treatment with CAR (15 and 20 mg/kg) was protective against neurodegenerative phenotypes associated with systemic administration of 6-OHDA. Results indicated that CAR improved the locomotor activity, catalepsy, akinesia, bradykinesia, and motor coordination and reduced the apomorphine-caused rotation in 6-OHDA-stimulated rats. Increased level of reduced glutathione content and a decreased level of MDA (malondialdehyde) were observed in the 6-OHDA rats post-treated with CAR. These findings suggest that CAR exerts protective effects, possibly related to an anti-oxidation mechanism, in these in vitro and in vivo models of Parkinson's disease.
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