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Qi Y, Zhou Q, Zhang Y, Deng J, Li R, Zhang X. Exploring the active components and potential mechanisms of Alpiniae oxyphyllae Fructus in treating diabetes mellitus with depression by UPLC-Q-Exactive Orbitrap/MS, network pharmacology and molecular docking. Metab Brain Dis 2024:10.1007/s11011-024-01374-z. [PMID: 38954241 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-024-01374-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
The growing incidence of diabetes mellitus (DM) and depression is a global public health issue. Alpiniae oxyphyllae Fructus (AOF) is a kind of medicinal and edible plant which be found with anti-diabetic property, and could improve depression-like symptoms. This study aimed to screen active targets and potential mechanisms of AOF in treating DM with depression. Injection of streptozotocin (STZ) and exposure to chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) for 4 weeks were used to conduct the DM with depression mice model. Behavioral tests, indexes of glucose metabolism, monoamine neurotransmitters, inflammatory cytokine and oxidative stress were measured. Histopathological change of hippocampus tissue was observing by HE and Nissl staining. UPLC-Q-Exactive Orbitrap/MS, network pharmacology and molecular docking were used to explore the chemical components and mechanisms of AOF on the DM with depression. AOF showed a reversed effect on body weight in DM with depression mice. Glucose metabolism and insulin resistance could be improved by treatment of AOF. In addition, AOF could alleviate depression-like behaviors based on the results of behavior tests and monoamine neurotransmitters. AOF also attenuated STZ-CUMS induced neuron injury in hippocampus. Next, a total of 61 chemical components were identified in the UPLC-Q-Exactive Orbitrap/MS analysis of the extract of AOF. Network pharmacology analysis suggested that 12 active components and 227 targets were screened from AOF, and 1802 target genes were screened from DM with depression, finally 126 intersection target genes were obtained. Drug-disease targets network was constructed and implied that the top five components with a higher degree value includes quercetin, nootkatone, baicalein, (-)-epicatechin and nootkatol. Protein-protein interaction (PPI) network showed that MAPK1, FOS, AKT1, IL6 and TP53 may be the core intersection targets. The mechanism of the effect of AOF on DM with depression was analyzed through gene ontology (GO), and kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis, mainly involved in AGE/RAGE, PI3K/AKT, and MAPK signaling pathways. The results of molecular docking indicated that quercetin, nootkatone, baicalein, (-)-epicatechin and nootkatol all had good binding to the core intersection targets. Overall, our experimental researches have demonstrated that AOF could exert the dual effects of anti-diabetic and anti-depression on DM with depression mice, through multi-targets and multi-pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Qi
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China
| | - Qilun Zhou
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China
| | - Yongping Zhang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China
| | - Jinlan Deng
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China
| | - Ruonan Li
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China
| | - Xiaofeng Zhang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China.
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Ishola IO, Oloyo AK, Olubodun-Obadun TG, Godswill OD, Omilabu SA, Adeyemi OO. Neuroprotective potential of plant derived parenchymal stem cells extract on environmental and genetic models of Parkinson disease through attenuation of oxidative stress and neuroinflammation. Metab Brain Dis 2023; 38:557-571. [PMID: 36401682 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-022-01120-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by both motor and non-motor features. The current treatment regimen for PD are dopamine enhancers which have been reported to worsen the disease prognosis after long term treatment, thus, the need for better treatment options. This study sought to investigate the protective action of Double Stem Cell® (DSC), a blend of stem cells extracts from Swiss apples (Malus Domestica) and Burgundy grapes (Vitis vinifera) on 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-induced Parkinsonism in mice and genetic model of PD in Drosophila melanogaster. Male albino mice were pretreated with MPTP (4 × 20 mg/kg, i.p., two hourly in 8 h), twelve hours before administration of DSC (8, 40, or 200 mg/kg, p.o.). Thereafter, behavioural, biochemical and immunohistochemical assays were carried out. The impact of vehicle or DSC supplementation on α-synuclein aggregation was evaluated in Drosophila melanogaster using the UAS-Gal4 system, female DDC-Gal4 flies were crossed with male UAS-α-synuclein, the progenies were examined for fecundity, locomotion, memory, and lifespan. MPTP-induced motor deficits in open field test (OFT), working memory impairment (Y-maze test (YMT)) and muscle incoordination (rotarod test) were ameliorated by DSC (8, 40 or 200 mg/kg) through dose-dependent and significant improvements in motor, cognitive and motor coordination. Moreso, MPTP exposure caused significant increase in lipid peroxidation and decrease in antioxidant enzymes activities (glutathione, catalase and superoxide dismutase) in the midbrain which were attenuated by DSC. MPTP-induced expression of microglia (iba-1), astrocytes (glia fibrillary acidic protein; GFAP) as well as degeneration of dopamine neurons (tyrosine hydroxylase positive neurons) in the substantia nigra (SN) were reversed by DSC. Supplementation of flies feed with graded concentration of DSC (0.8, 4 or 20 mg/ml) did not affect fecundity but improved climbing activity and lifespan. Findings from this study showed that Double Stem Cell improved motor and cognitive functions in both mice and Drosophila through attenuation of neurotoxin-induced oxidative stress and neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- I O Ishola
- Department of Pharmacology, Therapeutics and Toxicology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos, Lagos State, Nigeria.
| | - A K Oloyo
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos, Lagos State, Nigeria
| | - T G Olubodun-Obadun
- Department of Pharmacology, Therapeutics and Toxicology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos, Lagos State, Nigeria
| | - O D Godswill
- Department of Pharmacology, Therapeutics and Toxicology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos, Lagos State, Nigeria
| | - S A Omilabu
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos, Lagos State, Nigeria
| | - O O Adeyemi
- Department of Pharmacology, Therapeutics and Toxicology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos, Lagos State, Nigeria
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Glimepiride Prevents 1-Methyl-4-Phenyl-1,2,3,6-Tetrahydropyridine Induced Dopamine Neurons Degeneration Through Attenuation of Glia Activation and Oxidative Stress in Mice. Neurotox Res 2023; 41:212-223. [PMID: 36705862 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-023-00637-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
It is well established that there is a link between type 2 diabetes mellitus and Parkinson's disease (PD) evidenced in faster progression and more severe phenotype in patients living with diabetes suggestive of shared cellular pathways; hence, antidiabetic drugs could be a possible treatment options for disease modification. This study evaluated the effect of glimepiride (GMP), a third generation sulphonylurea, on 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-induced PD in mice. Sixty mice were divided randomly into six individual groups of 10 mice each and dose orally as follows: group 1: vehicle (10 ml/kg, p.o.); group 2: MPTP (20 mg/kg, i.p. × 4 at 2-h interval); groups 3-5: GMP (1, 2, or 4 mg/kg, p.o.) + MPTP (20 mg/kg, i.p. × 4 at 2-h interval); and group 6: GMP (4 mg/kg, p.o.). Effect of glimepiride on motor activities were appraised with the use of open-field test and rotarod performance while non-motor activity was evaluated using force swim test (FST; depression) and Y-maze test (working memory). MPTP induced significant decrease in latency to fall on rotarod, distance covered/rearing in open field, mean speed and climbing in FST, and percentage alternation behavior in Y-maze suggestive of motor and non-motor dysfunction. However, MPTP-induced motor and non-motor dysfunction were ameliorated with glimepiride post-treatment. In addition, MPTP-induced increase in oxidative stress parameters and cholinergic neurotransmission was attenuated by glimepiride. In addition, MPTP-induced nigral dopamine neuron loss (decrease in tyrosine hydroxylase-positive neuron (TH)) and neuroinflammation (activation of glial fibrillary acid protein (GFAP) and ionized calcium binding adaptor molecule 1 (iba-1)) were ameliorated by GMP administration. This study showed that glimepiride ameliorates MPTP-induced PD motor and non-motor deficits through enhancement of antioxidant defense signaling and attenuation of neuroinflammatory markers. Thus, this could be useful as a disease-modifying therapy in the management of PD.
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Maleu TC, Talla RM, Kamdem MHK, Alfred Ngenge T, Kucukaydin S, Mmutlane EM, Ndinteh DT, Djama Mbazoa C, Wandji J. Chemical constituents from fruits of Cnestis ferruginea Vahl ex. DC (Connaraceae) and evaluation of their anticholinesterase and antiradical activities. Nat Prod Res 2022; 36:5950-5958. [DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2022.2048299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thérèse Christelle Maleu
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, The University of Yaoundé, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Rostan Mangoua Talla
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, The University of Yaoundé, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Michael Hermann Kengne Kamdem
- Drug discovery and Smart Molecules Research Laboratory, Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Centre for Natural Product Research (CNPR), Chemical Sciences Department, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Research Center for Synthesis and Catalysis, Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Johannesburg-Kingsway Campus, South Africa
| | - Tamfu Alfred Ngenge
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Mineral Industries, University of Ngaoundéré, Ngaoundéré, Cameroon
- Department of Medical Services and Techniques, Koycegiz Vocational School of Health Services, Mugla Sitki Kocman University, Mugla, Turkey
| | - Selcuk Kucukaydin
- Department of Medical Services and Techniques, Koycegiz Vocational School of Health Services, Mugla Sitki Kocman University, Mugla, Turkey
| | - Edwin Mpho Mmutlane
- Research Center for Synthesis and Catalysis, Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Johannesburg-Kingsway Campus, South Africa
| | - Derek Tantoh Ndinteh
- Drug discovery and Smart Molecules Research Laboratory, Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Centre for Natural Product Research (CNPR), Chemical Sciences Department, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Celine Djama Mbazoa
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, The University of Yaoundé, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Jean Wandji
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, The University of Yaoundé, Yaoundé, Cameroon
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Uniyal A, Shantanu PA, Vaidya S, Belinskaia DA, Shestakova NN, Kumar R, Singh S, Tiwari V. Tozasertib Attenuates Neuropathic Pain by Interfering with Aurora Kinase and KIF11 Mediated Nociception. ACS Chem Neurosci 2021; 12:1948-1960. [PMID: 34027667 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.1c00043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Kinesins are the motor proteins that transport excitatory receptors to the synaptic membrane by forming a complex with receptor cargo leading to central sensitization causing neuropathic pain. Many regulatory proteins govern the transit of receptors by activating kinesin, and Aurora kinases are one of them. In this study, we have performed in silico molecular dynamics simulation to delineate the dynamic interaction of Aurora kinase A with its pharmacological inhibitor, tozasertib. The results from the molecular dynamics study shows that tozasertib-Aurora kinase A complex is stabilized through hydrogen bonding, polar interactions, and water bridges. Findings from the in vitro studies suggest that tozasertib treatment significantly attenuates lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced increase in oxidonitrosative stress and kif11 overexpression in C6 glial cell lines. Further, we investigated the regulation of kif11 and its modulation by tozasertib in an animal model of neuropathic pain. Two weeks post-CCI surgery we observed a significant increase in pain hypersensitivity and kif11 overexpression in DRG and spinal cord of nerve-injured rats. Tozasertib treatment significantly attenuates enhanced pain hypersensitivity along with the restoration of kif11 expression in DRG and spinal cord and oxidonitrosative stress in the sciatic nerve of injured rats. Our findings demonstrate the potential role of tozasertib for the management of neuropathic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankit Uniyal
- Neuroscience and Pain Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, 221005 Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - P. A. Shantanu
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education & Research (NIPER)—Ahmedabad, 382355 Gandhinagar, India
| | - Shivani Vaidya
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education & Research (NIPER)—Ahmedabad, 382355 Gandhinagar, India
| | - Daria A. Belinskaia
- Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, pr. Torez 44, St. Petersburg 194223, Russia
| | - Natalia N. Shestakova
- Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, pr. Torez 44, St. Petersburg 194223, Russia
| | - Rajnish Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, 221005 Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sanjay Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, 221005 Uttar Pradesh, India
- Baba Saheb Bhim Rao Ambedkar Central University (BBAU), Lucknow, 226025 Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Vinod Tiwari
- Neuroscience and Pain Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, 221005 Uttar Pradesh, India
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education & Research (NIPER)—Ahmedabad, 382355 Gandhinagar, India
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Nunes Alves Paim LF, Patrocínio Toledo CA, Lima da Paz JR, Picolotto A, Ballardin G, Souza VC, Salvador M, Moura S. Connaraceae: An updated overview of research and the pharmacological potential of 39 species. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 261:112980. [PMID: 32422354 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.112980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Revised: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE An interdisciplinary scientific investigation of biologically active agents is fundamental to search for natural substances with therapeutic action. This review collected the most relevant information on traditional knowledge related to the use of plants of the Connaraceae family. This work is the first to compile all the published ethnobotanical, chemical, pharmacological, and toxicological information about this important plant family. AIM OF THE STUDY Our objective was to provide the scientific community with an up-to-date overview of the pharmacological potential of Connaraceae species. MATERIAL AND METHODS We searched NCBI Pubmed Central, Google Scholar, Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO), ScienceDirect, SciFinder, and Scopus databases to review the research on ethnobotanical, chemical, pharmacognostical, pharmacological, and toxicological studies with Connaraceaes. Books that address the theme were also included. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION The literature review indicated that 39 species of Connaraceaes have pharmacological potentiality. Ethnobotany reports listed 36 of the 39 species discussed. Pharmacognostical studies have been conducted with 23 species and isolates, and chemical compounds have been identified for only 15 species. At least one study has been published concerning the pharmacological activities for 20 of the 39 species analyzed. For Agelaea pentagyna, Cnestis ferruginea, Connars suberosus, and Rourea minor, pharmacological activity experiments were performed using isolated compounds, which have the highest current pharmacological potential. Studies employing a toxicological approach cover only 10 of the 39 Connaraceaes species. Thus, scientific community should conduct much more research for a broader understanding of this plant family.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Aline Picolotto
- Laboratory of Biotechnology of Natural and Synthetics Products - University of Caxias do Sul, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Ballardin
- Laboratory of Biotechnology of Natural and Synthetics Products - University of Caxias do Sul, Brazil
| | - Vinicius Castro Souza
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Vegetal, Campinas State University, UNICAMP, Brazil
| | - Mirian Salvador
- Laboratory of Oxidative Stress and Antioxidants, Biotechnology Institute, University of Caxias do Sul, Brazil
| | - Sidnei Moura
- Laboratory of Biotechnology of Natural and Synthetics Products - University of Caxias do Sul, Brazil.
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Ojo ES, Ishola IO, Ben-Azu B, Afolayan OO, James AB, Ajayi AM, Umukoro S, Adeyemi OO. Ameliorative influence of Cnestis ferruginea vahl ex DC (Connaraceae) root extract on kainic acid-induced temporal lobe epilepsy in mice: Role of oxidative stress and neuroinflammation. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 243:112117. [PMID: 31351192 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2019.112117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Revised: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY RELEVANCE: the root decoction of Cnestis ferruginea Vahl ex DC (Connaraceae) is widely used in traditional African medicine for the treatment of various ailments including pain, inflammation and epilepsy. We have earlier reported anticonvulsant effect of Cnestis ferruginea root extract in mice. AIM OF THE STUDY to evaluate the effect of ethanolic root extract of Cnestis ferruginea (CF) on kainic acid (KA)-induced temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) in mice as well as the involvement of inflammatory mediators and oxidative stress. MATERIALS AND METHODS mice were randomly divided into preventive treatment (vehicle (normal saline) or CF (400 mg/kg, p.o.) for 3 consecutive days before KA (5 mg/kg, i.p.) on days 4 and 5. In the reversal model, KA (5 mg/kg, i.p.) was administered on days 1 and 2 before vehicle or CF (400 mg/kg) administration on days 3-5. The effect of treatments on seizure severity was recorded using Racine scale. Animals were euthanized on day 5, 6 h after last KA exposure in preventive model and 1 h after CF administration in reversal model to estimate markers of oxidative stress and neuroinflammation. RESULTS exposure of mice to KA induced TLE evidenced in increased severity of seizures which was significantly reduced by the pre- and post-treatment of mice with CF. Moreso, KA-induced malondialdehyde/nitrite generation and GSH deficit in the brain were attenuated by CF treatments. KA-induced up-regulation of inflammatory transcription factors; cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and nuclear facor-kappaB (NF-κB) in the CA1, CA2, CA3 and dentate gyrus (DG) regions of the hippocampus regions were attenuated by CF treatments. CONCLUSION findings from this study showed that Cnestis ferruginea root extract ameliorated KA-induced TLE through enhancement of antioxidant defense mechanism and attenuation of neuro-inflammatory transcription factors. Thus, could possibly be a potential phytotherapeutic agent in the management of temporal lobe epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel S Ojo
- Department of Pharmacology, Therapeutics and Toxicology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos State, Nigeria
| | - Ismail O Ishola
- Department of Pharmacology, Therapeutics and Toxicology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos State, Nigeria
| | - Benneth Ben-Azu
- Neuropharmacology Unit, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria; Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, PAMO University of Medical Sciences, Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria
| | - Olasunmbo O Afolayan
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos State, Nigeria
| | - Ayorinde B James
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos State, Nigeria
| | - Abayomi M Ajayi
- Neuropharmacology Unit, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria
| | - Solomon Umukoro
- Neuropharmacology Unit, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria
| | - Olufunmilayo O Adeyemi
- Department of Pharmacology, Therapeutics and Toxicology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos State, Nigeria.
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Samad N, Saleem A. Administration of Allium cepa L. bulb attenuates stress-produced anxiety and depression and improves memory in male mice. Metab Brain Dis 2018; 33:271-281. [PMID: 29178012 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-017-0159-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
In view of anxiolytic, antidepressant and memory strengthen properties of Allium cepa (AC; onion) bulb in various investigations; we aimed to evaluate the useful effects of onion on single immobilization stress -induced biochemical and behavioral changes. Mice in test group were treated with AC powder (200 mg/kg/day), dissolved in water, while the control group were received drinking water for 14 days. After 14 days control and AC treated mice were further divided into unstressed and stressed groups. Animals in the stressed group were subjected to immobilization stress for 2 h. 24-h after the immobilization stress, behavioral activities were monitored. Immobilization stress-induced an anxiogenic behavior in mice subjected to elevated plus maze test (EPM) and light dark activity test (LDA). 2-h immobilization stress-induced depressive behavior in animals measured by forced swim test (FST). Administration of AC attenuated the immobilization stress-induced behavioral deficits. Highest memory performance was observed in stressed mice that were pre-treated with AC in Morris water maze (MWM). Brain lipid peroxidation, antioxidant enzymes (SOD, CAT, GPx) and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activities were also estimated. Present study suggests a role of antioxidant enzymes in the attenuation of 2-h stress induced anxiety and depression, and enhanced cognitive function as well by AC. The findings therefore suggest that supplementation of AC may be beneficial in the treatment of anxiety, depression and enhancement of memory function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noreen Samad
- Department of Biochemistry, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, 60800, Pakistan.
| | - Ayesha Saleem
- Department of Biochemistry, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, 60800, Pakistan
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