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Ariyo OO, Ajayi AM, Attah FA, Akinluyi ET, Adeoluwa GO, Aderibigbe AO. Acute and subacute toxicological evaluation of the ethanol leaf extract of Morus mesozygia stapf. (Moraceae) in rodents. J Ethnopharmacol 2024; 328:118112. [PMID: 38554852 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.118112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Traditionally, the Morus mesozygia tree leaf has been used to manage maladies such as peptic ulcer, hyperglycemia, dermatitis, rheumatism, stomach-ache, arthritis, cough, malignancies, and malaria in parts of Africa. AIM OF THE STUDY The study aimed to evaluate the potential of ethanol leaf extract of Morus mesozygia (EEMm) to induce toxicity by employing both acute and sub-acute oral toxicity experimental models. MATERIAL AND METHODS The extract's cytotoxicity was studied using brine shrimps (Artemia salina) lethality assay (BSLA), while in the acute toxicity test, male and female mice were administered a single oral dose of EEMm (2000 mg/kg). Male and female Wistar rats received repeated doses of 100 or 500 mg/kg EEMm orally for 28 days in the sub-acute toxicity experiment. The phytochemical analysis of EEMm was done using the HPLC. RESULTS The BSLA revealed a moderate cytotoxic potential of the extract, with an LC50 of 567.13 ± 0.27 μg/mL. All the animals survived the acute toxicity test, with no significant changes in the relative organ weights, suggesting that LD50 is greater than 2000 mg/kg. The animal weights did not vary significantly in the sub-acute toxicity test neither were the alterations in biochemical and hematological tests pronounced, although the histoarchitectures of the kidney, liver and spleen indicated slight anomalies in the evaluated animals. The HPLC analysis revealed the presence of quercetin, ferulic acid, rutin, caffeic acid, morin and gallic acid. CONCLUSIONS Ethanol leaf extract of Morus mesozygia demonstrated a safe toxicity profile in rodents, supporting its broad folkloric use in African ethnomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oluwakemi O Ariyo
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Ibadan, Nigeria.
| | - Abayomi M Ajayi
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Ibadan, Nigeria.
| | - Francis A Attah
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Drug Development, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ilorin, Nigeria.
| | - Elizabeth T Akinluyi
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Afe Babalola University, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria.
| | - Gladys O Adeoluwa
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Afe Babalola University, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria.
| | - Adegbuyi O Aderibigbe
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Ibadan, Nigeria.
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Sofidiya MO, Ikechukwu JU, Nnah VE, Olaleye OO, Basheeru K, Sowemimo AA, Ajayi AM. Anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive activities of Daniellia oliveri (Fabaceace) stem bark extract. J Ethnopharmacol 2023; 309:116337. [PMID: 36868442 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.116337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Daniellia oliveri (Rolfe) Hutch. & Dalziel (Fabaceae) is used for the treatment of inflammatory diseases and pains (chest pain, toothache and lumbago) and rheumatism. AIM OF THE STUDY The study investigates the anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive properties of D. oliveri and possible mechanism of antiinflammatory action. MATERIALS AND METHODS Acute toxicity of the extract was evaluated in mice using the limit test. The anti-inflammatory activity was assessed in xylene-induced paw oedema and carrageenan-induced air-pouch models at doses of 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg, p.o. Volume of exudate, total protein, leukocyte counts, myeloperoxidase (MPO) and concentration of cytokines (TNF-α and IL-6) were measured in the exudate of rats in the carrageenan-induced air-pouch model. Other parameters include lipid peroxidation (LPO), nitric oxide (NO) and antioxidant indices (SOD, CAT and GSH). Histopathology of the air pouch tissue was also carried out. The antinociceptive effect was assessed using acetic acid-induced writhing, tail flick and formalin tests. Locomotor activity was done in the open field test. The extract was analysed with HPLC-DAD-UV technique. RESULTS The extract showed significant anti-inflammatory effect (73.68 and 75.79%, inhibition) in xylene-induced ear oedema test at the dose of 100 and 200 mg/kg, respectively. In carrageenan air pouch model, the extract significantly reduced exudate volume, protein concentration, the migration of leukocytes and MPO production in the exudate. The concentrations of cytokines TNF-α (12.25 ± 1.80 pg/mL) and IL-6 (21.12 pg/mL) in the exudate at the dose of 200 mg/kg were reduced compared to carrageenan alone group (48.15 ± 4.50 pg/mL; 82.62 pg/mL) respectively. The extract showed significant increase in the activities of CAT and SOD and GSH concentration. The histopathological assessment of the pouch lining revealed reduction of immuno-inflammatory cell influx. Nociception was significantly inhibited by the extract in acetic acid-induced writhing model and the second phase of formalin test indicating a peripheral mechanism of action. The open field test showed that D. oliveri did not alter locomotor activity. The acute toxicity study did not cause mortality or signs of toxicity at 2000 mg/kg, p.o. We identified and quantified caffeic acid, p-coumaric acid, ferulic acid, rutin, apigenin-7-glucoside, quercetin and kaempferol in the extract. CONCLUSION The results of our study showed that the stem bark extract of D. oliveri possesses anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive activities thereby supporting its traditional use in the treatment of some inflammatory and painful disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret O Sofidiya
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria.
| | - Johnbosco U Ikechukwu
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria.
| | - Victoria E Nnah
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria.
| | - Olubusola O Olaleye
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria.
| | - Kazeem Basheeru
- Central Research Laboratory, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria.
| | - Abimbola A Sowemimo
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria.
| | - Abayomi M Ajayi
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.
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Ajayi AM, Adebanjo IM, Ademowo OG. Vitamin C-rich juice co-administration with artemether-lumefantrine ameliorates oxido-inflammatory responses in Plasmodium berghei-infected mice. Parasitol Res 2023:10.1007/s00436-023-07885-5. [PMID: 37256314 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-023-07885-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of co-administration of a commercial juice rich in vitamin C (Vit C) on the antimalarial efficacy of artemether-lumefantrine (AL) in Plasmodium berghei-infected mice. Fifty Balb/c mice were infected with Plasmodium berghei NK65 strain from a donor mouse. Parasitemia was established after 72 h. Animals were grouped into 6 (n = 10) and treated daily for 3 days with normal saline, chloroquine, artemether-lumefantrine (AL), AL plus 50% commercial juice (CJ), and AL plus 50% Vit C supplementation in drinks ad libitum, respectively. Body weight, parasitemia levels, and mean survival time were determined. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin 6 (IL-6), nitrite, malondialdehyde, reduced glutathione (GSH), catalase, and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were determined in the serum and liver tissues. Spleen histopathological changes were determined by H&E staining. Parasitemia was cleared by administration of AL and was not affected by Vit C and CJ supplementation. Vit C significantly prevented body weight reduction in AL-treated mice. CJ and Vit C supplementation to AL-treated mice significantly improved survival proportion compared with AL alone animals. Vit C and CJ supplementation significantly improved reduction of TNF-α, IL-6, and malondialdehyde, and increased GSH, CAT, and SOD in AL-treated mice. Spleen cell degeneration and presence of malaria pigment were reduced in AL-treated animals. The results suggest that ad libitum co-administration of commercial juice and vitamin C with artemether-lumefantrine does not impair its antimalarial efficacy but rather improved antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abayomi M Ajayi
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo-State, Nigeria.
| | - Iyanuoluwa M Adebanjo
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo-State, Nigeria
| | - Olusegun G Ademowo
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo-State, Nigeria
- Institute of Advanced Medical Research and Training (IAMRAT), College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo-State, Nigeria
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Ajayi AM, Ola CB, Ezeagu MB, Adeleke PA, John KA, Ologe MO, Ben-Azu B, Umukoro S. Chemical characterization, anti-nociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities of Plukenetia conophora seed oil in experimental rodent models. J Ethnopharmacol 2023; 305:116017. [PMID: 36529252 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.116017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The seed of the African walnut, Plukenetia conophora Mull.-Arg is well-known for its nutritional and medicinal values. The seed oil is widely used in massages to relieve pain, as nerve tonic and to enhance sexual performance. OBJECTIVE The study aimed at investigating the chemical profile, antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities of P. conophora oil (PCO). METHODS Seed oil of P. conophora was characterized using Gas-Liquid Chromatographic method (GC-MS) and oral acute toxicity evaluated at 2000 mg/kg. Antinociceptive effects were evaluated in hot plate, acetic acid and formalin-induced paw licking tests. The anti-inflammatory effects were investigated in egg albumin and carrageenan-, formalin and complete Freund adjuvant (CFA)-induced paw oedema models. The levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines in the fluid exudates were also evaluated in carrageenan air pouch model. RESULTS PCO exhibited high content of alpha linolenic acid (ALA). No toxicity was observed at 2000 mg/kg of PCO. PCO (50-200 mg/kg) demonstrated significant anti-nociceptive activity in pain models. PCO exhibited anti-inflammatory activity against oedema formation by phlogistic agents. The increased inflammatory oedema and oxidative stress in CFA-treated rats were also attenuated by PCO. The PCO (100 and 200 mg/kg) significantly reduced the levels of TNF-α (59.3% and 85.2%) and IL-6 (27.5% and 72.5%) in carrageenan-induced air pouch model. CONCLUSION The results of this study suggest that ALA-rich seed oil of Plukenetia conophora demonstrated anti-nociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities via inhibition of pro-inflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress, lending supportive evidences for its use in painful inflammatory conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abayomi M Ajayi
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo-State, Nigeria.
| | - Christie B Ola
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo-State, Nigeria.
| | - Maduka B Ezeagu
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo-State, Nigeria.
| | - Paul A Adeleke
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo-State, Nigeria.
| | - Kayode A John
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo-State, Nigeria.
| | - Mary O Ologe
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Basic Clinical Sciences, University of Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria.
| | - Benneth Ben-Azu
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Delta State University, Abraka, Delta State, Nigeria.
| | - Solomon Umukoro
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo-State, Nigeria.
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Ben-Azu B, Uruaka CI, Ajayi AM, Jarikre TA, Nwangwa KE, Chilaka KC, Chijioke BS, Omonyeme MG, Ozege CB, Ofili EC, Warekoromor EB, Edigbue NL, Esiekpe UV, Akaenyi DE, Agu GO. Reversal and Preventive Pleiotropic Mechanisms Involved in the Antipsychotic-Like Effect of Taurine, an Essential β-Amino Acid in Ketamine-Induced Experimental Schizophrenia in Mice. Neurochem Res 2023; 48:816-829. [PMID: 36350433 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-022-03808-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a life disabling, multisystem neuropsychiatric disease mostly derived from complex epigenetic-mediated neurobiological changes causing behavioural deficits. Neurochemical disorganizations, neurotrophic and neuroimmune alterations are some of the challenging neuropathologies proving unabated during psychopharmacology of schizophrenia, further bedeviled by drug-induced metabolic derangements including alteration of amino acids. In first-episode schizophrenia patients, taurine, an essential β-amino acid represses psychotic-symptoms. However, its anti-psychotic-like mechanisms remain incomplete. This study evaluated the ability of taurine to prevent or reverse ketamine-induced experimental psychosis and the underlying neurochemical, neurotrophic and neuroinmune mechanisms involved in taurine's clinical action. The study consisted of three different experiments with Swiss mice (n = 7). In the drug alone, mice received saline (10 mL/kg/p.o./day), taurine (50 and 100 mg/kg/p.o./day) and risperidone (0.5 mg/kg/p.o./day) for 14 days. In the preventive study of separate cohort, mice were concomitantly given ketamine (20 mg/kg/i.p./day) from days 8 to 14. In the reversal study, mice received ketamine for 14 days before taurine or risperidone treatments from days 8 to 14 respectively. Afterwards, stereotypy behaviour, social, non-spatial memory deficits, and body weights were assessed. Neurochemical (dopamine, 5-hydroxytryptamine, glutamic acid decarboxylase, (GAD)), brain derived-neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and pro-inflammatory cytokines [tumor necrosis factor-alpha, (TNF-α), interleukin-6, (IL-6)] were assayed in the striatum, prefrontal-cortex and hippocampal area. Taurine attenuates ketamine-induced schizophrenia-like behaviour without changes in body weight. Taurine reduced ketamine-induced dopamine and 5-hydroxytryptamine changes, and increased GAD and BDNF levels in the striatum, prefrontal-cortex and hippocampus, suggesting increased GABAergic and neurotrophic transmissions. Taurine decreases ketamine-induced increased in TNF-α and IL-6 concentrations in the striatum, prefrontal-cortex and hippocampus. These findings also suggest that taurine protects against schizophrenia through neurochemical modulations, neurotrophic enhancement, and inhibition of neuropathologic cytokine activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benneth Ben-Azu
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Delta State University, Abraka, Delta State, Nigeria. .,Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada.
| | - Christian I Uruaka
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Rivers State University, Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria
| | - Abayomi M Ajayi
- Neuropharmacology Unit, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria
| | - Thiophilus Aghogho Jarikre
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Kingsley E Nwangwa
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Delta State University, Abraka, Delta State, Nigeria
| | - Kingsley C Chilaka
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Health Sciences, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Anambra State, Nigeria
| | - Bienose S Chijioke
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Delta State University, Abraka, Delta State, Nigeria
| | - Marymagdalene G Omonyeme
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Delta State University, Abraka, Delta State, Nigeria
| | - Chineye B Ozege
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Delta State University, Abraka, Delta State, Nigeria
| | - Emmanuella C Ofili
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Delta State University, Abraka, Delta State, Nigeria
| | - Ebidenara B Warekoromor
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Delta State University, Abraka, Delta State, Nigeria
| | - Nwanneka L Edigbue
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Delta State University, Abraka, Delta State, Nigeria
| | - Ufoma V Esiekpe
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Delta State University, Abraka, Delta State, Nigeria
| | - Dabrechi E Akaenyi
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Delta State University, Abraka, Delta State, Nigeria
| | - Gladys O Agu
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Afe Babalo University, Ado-Ekiti, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria
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Ajayi AM, Melete J, Ben-Azu B, Umukoro S. Aggressive-like behaviour and neurocognitive impairment in alcohol herbal mixture-fed mice are associated with increased neuroinflammation and neuronal apoptosis in the prefrontal cortex. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2023; 37:e23252. [PMID: 36281499 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.23252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Alcohol-induced aggression and related violence is a serious and common social problem globally. Alcohol use is increasingly found in the form of alcoholic herbal mixtures (AHM) with indiscriminate and unregulated alcohol content. This study investigated the effects of AHM on aggressive-like, neurocognitive impairment and brain biochemical alteration in mice. Thirty-two male resident mice were paired housed with female mice for 21 days in four groups (n = 8). Resident mice were treated orally with normal saline, AHM, ethanol and AHM + ethanol daily for 14 days. Aggressive-like behaviour was scored based on the latency and frequency of attacks by the resident mouse on the intruder. Neurocognitive impairment was determined using the Y-maze test (YMT) and novel object recognition test (NORT). Acetylcholinesterase, glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD), pro-inflammatory and oxidative stress parameters were determined in the prefrontal cortex (PFC). Neuronal morphology, cytochrome c (Cyt-c) and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-ĸB) expressions were determined. AHM and in combination with ethanol showed an increased index of aggression typified by frequency of attack and reduced latency to attack when compared to normal saline-treated animals. Co-administration of AHM and ethanol significantly reduced cognitive correct alternation (%) and discrimination index in the YMT and NORT, respectively. AHM and ethanol increased acetylcholinesterase, Pro-inflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress parameters while they reduced GAD. There were significantly reduced neuronal counts and increased expression of Cyt-c and NF-ĸB, respectively Alcoholic herbal mixture increased aggressiveness and caused neurocognitive impairment via increased oxido-inflammatory stress in the prefrontal cortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abayomi M Ajayi
- Neuropharmacology Unit, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - John Melete
- Neuropharmacology Unit, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Benneth Ben-Azu
- Neuropharmacology Unit, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Delta State University, Abraka, Nigeria
| | - Solomon Umukoro
- Neuropharmacology Unit, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
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Ajayi AM, Ben-Azu B, Ogunkolade GE, Melete J, Oyedele AT, Umukoro S. Repeated social defeat stress exacerbates lipopolysaccharide-induced behavioural deficits in mice: ameliorative role of Chrysophyllum albidum fruit extract through anti-neuroinflammation, antioxidant and neurochemical balance. Metab Brain Dis 2022; 37:2467-2481. [PMID: 35867181 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-022-01053-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Development of neuropsychiatric disorder is associated with stress-related increase in pro-inflammatory cytokines. Chrysophyllum albidum fruit is an edible tropical fruit containing vitamins and phenolic compounds, well known for their anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities. This study was designed to investigate the neuroprotective effect of C. albidum fruit extract (CAFE) on stress and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced behavioral and neurochemical impairments in mice. Male Swiss mice were divided into 6 groups (n = 6). Groups 1-3 were orally treated daily for 14 days with normal saline (0.1 mL/10 g), CAFE (100 mg/kg) and Ferulic acid (FA, 10 mg/kg), and left in home cage as controls. Groups 4-6 were treated similarly but subjected to repeated social defeat (RSD) stress using the resident-intruder model from days 1-14. The RSD-animals were injected with LPS (125 µg/kg, i.p) 60 min after each RSD session from days 8-14. Neurobehavioral functions: locomotor, cognitive and anxiety-like behaviors were assessed 24 h after the last treatment. Pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α), dopamine, acetylcholinesterase, glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD), malondialdehyde, nitrites, and reduced glutathione (GSH) were determined in brain tissue. CAFE significantly attenuated RSD and LPS-induced hypolocomotion, cognitive impairment and anxiety-like behavior when compared to the control. Treatment with CAFE also significantly reversed the negative effects of RSD and LPS on pro-inflammatory cytokines, dopamine, acetylcholinesterase, GAD, and oxidative-nitrosative stress levels. The findings clearly indicated that Chrysophyllum albidum fruit demonstrated neuroprotective effects and can play a key role in mitigating against chronic stress and inflammation linked to neuropsychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abayomi M Ajayi
- Neuropharmacology Unit, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo-State, Nigeria.
| | - Benneth Ben-Azu
- Neuropharmacology Unit, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo-State, Nigeria
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Delta State University, Abraka, Delta State, Nigeria
| | - Gracious E Ogunkolade
- Neuropharmacology Unit, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo-State, Nigeria
| | - John Melete
- Neuropharmacology Unit, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo-State, Nigeria
| | - Ayomide T Oyedele
- Neuropharmacology Unit, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo-State, Nigeria
| | - Solomon Umukoro
- Neuropharmacology Unit, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo-State, Nigeria
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8
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Olubodun‐Obadun TG, Ishola IO, Ben‐Azu B, Afolayan O, Nwose E, James AB, Ajayi AM, Umukoro S, Adeyemi OO. Probable mechanisms involved in the antiepileptic activity of
Clerodendrum polycephalum
Baker (Labiatae) leaf extract in mice exposed to chemical‐induced seizures. J Food Biochem 2022; 46:e14342. [DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.14342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Taiwo G. Olubodun‐Obadun
- Department of Pharmacology, Therapeutics and Toxicology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine University of Lagos Lagos Nigeria
| | - Ismail O. Ishola
- Department of Pharmacology, Therapeutics and Toxicology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine University of Lagos Lagos Nigeria
| | - Benneth Ben‐Azu
- Neuropharmacology Unit, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine University of Ibadan Ibadan Nigeria
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine Delta State University Abraka Nigeria
| | - Olasunmbo Afolayan
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine University of Lagos Abraka Nigeria
| | - Ekene Nwose
- Department of Pharmacology, Therapeutics and Toxicology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine University of Lagos Lagos Nigeria
| | - Ayorinde B. James
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine University of Lagos Lagos Nigeria
| | - Abayomi M. Ajayi
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine Delta State University Abraka Nigeria
| | - Solomon Umukoro
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine Delta State University Abraka Nigeria
| | - Olufunmilayo O. Adeyemi
- Department of Pharmacology, Therapeutics and Toxicology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine University of Lagos Lagos Nigeria
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9
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Ariyo OO, Ajayi AM, Ben-Azu B, Aderibigbe AO. Morus mesozygia leaf extract ameliorates behavioral deficits, oxidative stress and inflammation in Complete Freund's adjuvant-induced arthritis in rats. J Ethnopharmacol 2022; 292:115202. [PMID: 35331880 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Morus mesozygia Stapf (Moraceae), otherwise referred to as African mulberry, is utilized domestically as a remedy for a variety of inflammatory disorders including rheumatism. AIM The anti-arthritic effect of the ethylacetate fraction of M. mesozygia leaf extract (EAFMm) was assessed on complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA)-induced arthritis in male Wistar rats. METHOD Groups of male Wistar rats were injected with CFA (0.2 mL; 10 mg/mL) in the plantar surface of their right hind paws and treated orally with EAFMm (50 and 100 mg/kg) or its vehicle daily for 28 days. The effect on joint inflammation and mechanical nociception threshold, behavioral deficits (spontaneous motor activity in the open field test and depressive-like symptoms in the forced swim test) was evaluated. The levels and activities of the biomarkers of oxidative-nitrosative stress (reduced glutathione, superoxide dismutase, nitrite, and malondialdehyde) and inflammatory markers [TNF-α, IL-6, COX-2, NFκB and myeloperoxidase] were also analysed. RESULTS The EAFMm at the doses of 50 and 100 mg/kg produced a dose dependent reduction in joint inflammation and mechanical hyperalgesia, and as well improved behavioral deficits like spontaneous motor activity and depressive-like behavior. The EAFMm also significantly reduced oxido-nitrosative stress response in the joint and brain tissues. It also decreased TNF-α, interleukin-6 levels and myeloperoxidase enzyme activities in joints and brain tissues of rats. Furthermore, EAFMm attenuated the activity of NFκB and reduced the cyclooxygenase -2 protein expression level in joint tissues. CONCLUSION The ethylacetate fraction of Morus mesozygia leaf extract demonstrated anti-arthritic activity and ameliorated co-morbid depressive-like behavior via inhibition of oxidative stress and inflammation in a rat model of arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oluwakemi O Ariyo
- Neuropharmacology Unit, Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, University of Ibadan, Oyo-State, Nigeria.
| | - Abayomi M Ajayi
- Neuropharmacology Unit, Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, University of Ibadan, Oyo-State, Nigeria.
| | - Benneth Ben-Azu
- Neuropharmacology Unit, Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, University of Ibadan, Oyo-State, Nigeria; Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Delta State University, Abraka, Delta State, Nigeria.
| | - Adegbuyi O Aderibigbe
- Neuropharmacology Unit, Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, University of Ibadan, Oyo-State, Nigeria.
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Adebayo OG, Ben-Azu B, Ajayi AM, Wopara I, Aduema W, Kolawole TA, Umoren EB, Onyeleonu I, Ebo OT, Ajibo DN, Akpotu AE. Gingko biloba abrogate lead-induced neurodegeneration in mice hippocampus: involvement of NF-κB expression, myeloperoxidase activity and pro-inflammatory mediators. Biol Trace Elem Res 2022; 200:1736-1749. [PMID: 34240327 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-021-02790-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Neuroimmune alterations have important implication in the neuropsychiatric symptoms and biochemical changes associated with lead-induced neurotoxicity. It has been suggested that inhibition of neuroinflammatory-mediated lead-induced neurotoxicity by phytochemicals enriched with antioxidant activities would attenuate the deleterious effects caused by lead. Hence, this study investigated the neuroinflammatory mechanism behind the effect of Ginkgo biloba supplement (GB-S) in lead-induced neurotoxicity in mice brains. Mice were intraperitoneally pretreated with lead acetate (100 mg/kg) for 30 min prior the administration of GB-S (10 and 20 mg/kg, i.p.) and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) (50 mg/kg, i.p.) for 14 consecutive days. Symptoms of neurobehavioral impairment were evaluated using open field test (OFT), elevated plus maze (EPM), and tail suspension test (TST) respectively. Thereafter, mice brain hippocampi were sectioned for myeloperoxidase activity (MPO), pro-inflammatory cytokine (TNF-α and IL-6) estimation and inflammatory protein (NF-κB) expression. Furthermore, histomorphormetric studies (Golgi impregnation and Cresyl violet stainings) were carried out. GB-S (10 and 20 mg/kg) significantly restores neurobehavioral impairments based on improved locomotion, reduced anxiety- and depressive-like behavior. Moreover, GB-S reduced the MPO activity, inhibits TNF-α, IL-6 release, and downregulates NF-κB immunopositive cell expression in mice hippocampus. Histomorphometrically, GB-S also prevents the loss of pyramidal neuron in the hippocampus. The endpoint of this findings suggest that GB-S decreases neuropsychiatric symptoms induced by lead acetate through mechanisms related to inhibition of release of pro-inflammatory mediators and suppression of hippocampal pyramidal neuron degeneration in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olusegun G Adebayo
- Neurophysiology Unit, Department of Physiology, PAMO University of Medical Sciences, Port-Harcourt, River State, Nigeria.
| | - Benneth Ben-Azu
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Delta State University, Abraka, Delta State, Nigeria.
| | - Abayomi M Ajayi
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria
| | - Iheanyichukwu Wopara
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Port Harcourt, Port Harcourt, River State, Nigeria
| | - Wadioni Aduema
- Department of Physiology, Bayelsa Medical University, Yenagoa, Bayelsa State, Nigeria
| | - Tolunigba A Kolawole
- Neurophysiology Unit, Department of Physiology, PAMO University of Medical Sciences, Port-Harcourt, River State, Nigeria
| | - Elizabeth B Umoren
- Neurophysiology Unit, Department of Physiology, PAMO University of Medical Sciences, Port-Harcourt, River State, Nigeria
| | - Ijeoma Onyeleonu
- Department of Anatomy, PAMO University of Medical Sciences, Port-Harcourt, River State, Nigeria
| | - Oloruntoba T Ebo
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Doris N Ajibo
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Clinical Sciences, University of Port Harcourt, Port Harcourt, River State, Nigeria
| | - Ajirioghene E Akpotu
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine, University of Nigeria, Enugu, Enugu State, Nigeria
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11
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Asejeje FO, Ajayi BO, Abiola MA, Samuel O, Asejeje GI, Ajiboye EO, Ajayi AM. Sodium benzoate induces neurobehavioral deficits and brain oxido‐inflammatory stress in male Wistar rats: Ameliorative role of ascorbic acid. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2022; 36:e23010. [DOI: 10.1002/jbt.23010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 12/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Folake O. Asejeje
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences Ajayi Crowther University Oyo Nigeria
| | - Babajide O. Ajayi
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences Ajayi Crowther University Oyo Nigeria
| | - Michael A. Abiola
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences University of Ibadan Ibadan Nigeria
| | - Omolola Samuel
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences University of Ibadan Ibadan Nigeria
| | - Gbolahan I. Asejeje
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science University of Ibadan Ibadan Nigeria
| | - Ebenezer O. Ajiboye
- Department of Physiology and Anatomy, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences Ajayi Crowther University Oyo Nigeria
| | - Abayomi M. Ajayi
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences University of Ibadan Ibadan Nigeria
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12
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Ajayi AM, Coker AI, Oyebanjo OT, Adebanjo IM, Ademowo OG. Ananas comosus (L) Merrill (pineapple) fruit peel extract demonstrates antimalarial, anti-nociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities in experimental models. J Ethnopharmacol 2022; 282:114576. [PMID: 34461191 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY RELEVANCE Pineapple (Ananas comosus) peel is a major waste in pineapple canning industry and it is reported to be used in ethnomedicine as a component of herbal remedies for malarial management. This study aimed to evaluate the antimalarial, antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory properties of Ananas comosus peel extract (PEAC). METHODS Ananas comosus peel was extracted with 80% methanol. PEAC (100, 200 and 400 mg/kg) was investigated for antimalarial effect using Peter's 4-day suppressive test (4-DST) model in mice. Antinociceptive activity of PEAC was investigated in hot plate, acetic acid-induced writhing and formalin tests in mice. The anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated using the lipopolysaccharides-induced sickness behavior in mice and carrageenan-induced air pouch in rats' models. RESULTS PEAC could not significantly (p > 0.05) suppressed parasitemia level at 7-day post-infection in 4-DST. PEAC (400 mg/kg) mildly prolongs survival of infected mice up till day 21. PEAC demonstrated significant (p < 0.05) antinociceptive activity by increasing latency to jump on the hot plate, reduced number of writhings in acetic acid test and reduced paw licking time in 2nd phase of formalin test. PEAC significantly reduced anxiogenic and depressive-like symptoms of sickness behavior in LPS-injected mice. PEAC demonstrated significant anti-inflammatory activity in carrageenan-induced air pouch experiment by reducing exudates formation, inflammatory cell counts, and nitrite, tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-6 levels. CONCLUSION Ananas comosus peel extract demonstrated mild antimalarial activity but significant anti-nociceptive and anti-inflammatory properties probably mediated via inhibition of pro-inflammatory mediators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abayomi M Ajayi
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo-State, Nigeria.
| | - Adekunle I Coker
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo-State, Nigeria.
| | - Oyetola T Oyebanjo
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo-State, Nigeria; Department of Physiology, Ben Carson School of Medicine, Babcock University, Ilishan-Remo, Ogun-state, Nigeria.
| | - Iyanuoluwa Mary Adebanjo
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo-State, Nigeria.
| | - Olusegun G Ademowo
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo-State, Nigeria; Institute of Advanced Medical Research and Training, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.
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13
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Ishola IO, Ben-Azu B, Adebayo OA, Ajayi AM, Omorodion IL, Edje KE, Adeyemi OO. Prevention and reversal of ketamine-induced experimental psychosis in mice by the neuroactive flavonoid, hesperidin: The role of oxidative and cholinergic mechanisms. Brain Res Bull 2021; 177:239-251. [PMID: 34653559 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2021.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 10/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Currently, prevailing evidence have identified cholinergic and oxidative pathways as important therapeutic targets for abating ketamine-induced schizophrenia-like behavior. Thus, this study evaluated the ability of hesperidin, a naturally occurring antioxidant and neuroprotective flavonoid, to prevent and reverse ketamine-induced schizophrenia-like behaviors and changes in cholinergic, oxidative and nitrergic status in mice. Forty-eight male Swiss mice were allotted into the preventive and reversal studies with 4 groups (n = 6) each. In the preventive study, groups 1 and 2 received vehicle (10 mL/kg/p.o./day), while groups 3 and 4 had hesperidin (100 mg/kg/p.o./day) for 14 days, but ketamine (20 mg/kg/i.p./day) was concurrently given to groups 2 and 4 from days 8-14. In the reversal study, groups 1 and 3 received vehicle, groups 2 and 4 were pretreated with ketamine for 14 days. Nevertheless, groups 3 and 4 additionally received hesperidin from days 8-14. Thereafter, schizophrenia-like behavior from exploratory activity, open-field (positive symptoms), Y-maze (cognitive symptoms) and social interaction (negative symptoms) tests were evaluated. Brain levels of oxidative/nitrergic (glutathione, superoxide-dismutase, malondialdehyde and nitrite levels) and cholinergic (acetylcholinesterase activity) markers were measured in the prefrontal-cortex, striatum and hippocampus. Hesperidin prevents and reverses ketamine-induced hyperactivities, social withdrawal and cognitive impairment. Also, hesperidin prevented and reversed ketamine-induced decrease in glutathione and superoxide-dismutase levels in the prefrontal-cortical, striatal and hippocampal brain regions in mice. Consequently, hesperidin attenuated ketamine-induced increase in malondialdehyde, nitrite levels and acetylcholinesterase activities in the prefrontal-cortex, striatum and hippocampus, respectively. The study showed that hesperidin prevents and reverses ketamine-induced schizophrenia-like behavior through inhibition of oxidative/nitrergic stress and acetylcholinesterase activity in mice brains. Therefore, these findings suggest that hesperidin dietary supplementation could provide natural nutritional intervention to protect against epigenetic-induced mental ill-health like schizophrenia, and thus serve as an important agent for nutritional psychiatry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ismail O Ishola
- Department of Pharmacology, Therapeutics and Toxicology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos State, Nigeria
| | - Benneth Ben-Azu
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Delta State University, Abraka, Delta State, Nigeria.
| | - Oluwatosin A Adebayo
- Department of Pharmacology, Therapeutics and Toxicology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos State, Nigeria
| | - Abayomi M Ajayi
- Neuropharmacology Unit, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria
| | - Iziegbe Lisa Omorodion
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Delta State University, Abraka, Delta State, Nigeria; Graduate Program in Pharmacology and Drug Development, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kesiena Emmanuel Edje
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Delta State University, Abraka, Delta State, Nigeria; Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences and Wellbeing, University of Sunderland, United Kingdom
| | - Olufunmilayo O Adeyemi
- Department of Pharmacology, Therapeutics and Toxicology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos State, Nigeria
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14
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Adebayo OG, Onasanwo SA, Ajayi AM, Aduema W, Oyebanjo OT, Nicodemus OU. Cnidoscolus aconitifolius-supplemented diet enhanced neurocognition, endogenous antioxidants and cholinergic system and maintains hippocampal neuronal integrity in male Wistar rats. Drug Metab Pers Ther 2021; 37:81-93. [PMID: 35385891 DOI: 10.1515/dmpt-2021-0138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Cnidoscolus aconitifolius have been investigated to have abundant phytochemicals. However, study on the effect of Cnidoscolus aconitifolius on neurobehavioral performance when supplemented with diet is lacking. The study is aimed at investigating the memory-enhancing effect of Cnidoscolus aconitifolius-supplemented diet (CAD) using Morris water maze and Novel object recognition test. METHODS Ninety male Wistar rats (80-100 g) were fed with CAD (1, 2.5, 5 and 10%) continuously for a period of 4, 8 and 12 weeks respectively. Six animals per group were used for assessment of memory performance (Morris water maze [MWM] and Novel object recognition test [NORT]); afterwards the brain tissues were harvested for malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH) and catalase (CAT) estimation. Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) concentration was also determined. Hippocampal architectural change in the neuron was examined using hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) and cresyl fast violet (Nissl) stain. RESULTS Higher percentage of CAD significantly (p<0.05) improve memory performance with time-dependent effects in rats fed with CAD on MMW and NORT. MDA significantly (p<0.05) reduce in 1 and 2.5% CAD groups at 4th weeks and in 2.5 and 5% CAD groups at 8th weeks while GSH concentration significantly (p<0.05) increase at 12th weeks in 2.5 and 10% CAD groups. However, CAT concentration significantly (p<0.05) increase in 2.5, and 5%, CAD groups, 1, 5, and 10% CAD groups and in 5, and 10% CAD groups at 4th, 8th and 12th weeks. AChE significantly (p<0.05) reduce at 4th and 12th weeks. Histological assessment reveals no neuronal and pyramidal degeneration (chromatolysis) at the hippocampal Cornu Ammonis 3 (CA3) region. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that CAD boost memory performance in rats through positive modulation of oxidative stress, cholinergic system and degeneration of hippocampal neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olusegun G Adebayo
- Department of Physiology, Neurosciences and Oral Physiology Unit, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.,Department of Physiology, Neurophysiology Unit, PAMO University of Medical Sciences, Port-Harcourt, Nigeria
| | - Samuel A Onasanwo
- Department of Physiology, Neurosciences and Oral Physiology Unit, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Abayomi M Ajayi
- Department of Pharmacology, Neuropharmacology Unit, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Wadioni Aduema
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Bayelsa Medical University, Yenagoa, Bayelsa State, Nigeria
| | - Oyetola T Oyebanjo
- Department of Physiology, Neurosciences and Oral Physiology Unit, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.,Department of Physiology, Babcock University, Ilishan-Remo, Nigeria
| | - Omeje U Nicodemus
- Department of Physiology, Neurosciences and Oral Physiology Unit, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
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15
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Adebayo OG, Onasanwo SA, Ajayi AM, Aduema W, Oyebanjo OT, Nicodemus OU. Cnidoscolus aconitifolius-supplemented diet enhanced neurocognition, endogenous antioxidants and cholinergic system and maintains hippocampal neuronal integrity in male Wistar rats. Drug Metab Pers Ther 2021; 0:dmdi-2021-0138. [PMID: 34390637 DOI: 10.1515/dmdi-2021-0138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Cnidoscolus aconitifolius have been investigated to have abundant phytochemicals. However, study on the effect of Cnidoscolus aconitifolius on neurobehavioral performance when supplemented with diet is lacking. The study is aimed at investigating the memory-enhancing effect of Cnidoscolus aconitifolius-supplemented diet (CAD) using Morris water maze and Novel object recognition test. METHODS Ninety male Wistar rats (80-100 g) were fed with CAD (1, 2.5, 5 and 10%) continuously for a period of 4, 8 and 12 weeks respectively. Six animals per group were used for assessment of memory performance (Morris water maze [MWM] and Novel object recognition test [NORT]); afterwards the brain tissues were harvested for malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH) and catalase (CAT) estimation. Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) concentration was also determined. Hippocampal architectural change in the neuron was examined using hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) and cresyl fast violet (Nissl) stain. RESULTS Higher percentage of CAD significantly (p<0.05) improve memory performance with time-dependent effects in rats fed with CAD on MMW and NORT. MDA significantly (p<0.05) reduce in 1 and 2.5% CAD groups at 4th weeks and in 2.5 and 5% CAD groups at 8th weeks while GSH concentration significantly (p<0.05) increase at 12th weeks in 2.5 and 10% CAD groups. However, CAT concentration significantly (p<0.05) increase in 2.5, and 5%, CAD groups, 1, 5, and 10% CAD groups and in 5, and 10% CAD groups at 4th, 8th and 12th weeks. AChE significantly (p<0.05) reduce at 4th and 12th weeks. Histological assessment reveals no neuronal and pyramidal degeneration (chromatolysis) at the hippocampal Cornu Ammonis 3 (CA3) region. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that CAD boost memory performance in rats through positive modulation of oxidative stress, cholinergic system and degeneration of hippocampal neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olusegun G Adebayo
- Department of Physiology, Neurosciences and Oral Physiology Unit, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
- Department of Physiology, Neurophysiology Unit, PAMO University of Medical Sciences, Port-Harcourt, Nigeria
| | - Samuel A Onasanwo
- Department of Physiology, Neurosciences and Oral Physiology Unit, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Abayomi M Ajayi
- Department of Pharmacology, Neuropharmacology Unit, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Wadioni Aduema
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Bayelsa Medical University, Yenagoa, Bayelsa State, Nigeria
| | - Oyetola T Oyebanjo
- Department of Physiology, Neurosciences and Oral Physiology Unit, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
- Department of Physiology, Babcock University, Ilishan-Remo, Nigeria
| | - Omeje U Nicodemus
- Department of Physiology, Neurosciences and Oral Physiology Unit, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
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Ajayi AM, Adedapo ADA, Badaki VB, Oyagbemi AA, Adedapo AA. Chrysophyllum albidum fruit ethanol extract ameliorates hyperglycaemia and elevated blood pressure in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats through modulation of oxidative stress, NF-κB and PPAR-γ. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 141:111879. [PMID: 34225016 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress and inflammation arising from hyperglycaemia have been identified as important targets in mitigating hyperglycaemia-induced organ dysfunction in diabetics. Chrysophyllum albidum fruit is commonly consumed as fruit snacks because of its beneficial effects in diabetes management. This study aim to evaluate the protective mechanisms of Chrysophyllum albidum fruit extract (CAFE) in streptozotocin-induced rats involving attenuation of oxidative stress, nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPAR-γ). CAFE was investigated for in vitro antioxidant and alpha amylase inhibitory activity. Male Wistar rats were made diabetic by single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (60 mg/kg). The rats were then treated with CAFE (100 and 200 mg/kg) and pioglitazone (10 mg/kg) for two weeks. Fasting blood sugar (FBS), blood pressure parameters, lipid profile, oxidative stress parameters, NF-κB and PPAR-γ were determined. The extract showed antioxidant and alpha amylase inhibitory activities. CAFE significantly reduced STZ-induced hyperglycaemia after 7 and 14 days of treatment. CAFE also reduced STZ-induced elevation of diastolic blood pressure and mean arterial pressure and as well reduced atherogenic index in diabetic rats. It significantly decreased lipid peroxidation but increased the enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant markers in the plasma, liver, kidney and pancreas. The immunohistochemical analysis revealed that CAFE significantly decreased hepatic and renal tissues NF-κB while increasing PPAR-γ gene expressions. The results of this study collectively showed the protective effect of Chrysophyllum albidum fruit extract in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats via modulation of oxidative stress and NF-κB/ PPAR-γ expressions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abayomi M Ajayi
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria.
| | - Aduragbenro D A Adedapo
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria.
| | - Victoria B Badaki
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria.
| | | | - Adeolu A Adedapo
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria.
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17
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Ajayi AM, John KA, Emmanuel IB, Chidebe EO, Adedapo AD. High-fat diet-induced memory impairment and anxiety-like behavior in rats attenuated by peel extract of Ananas comosus fruit via atheroprotective, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory actions. Metabol Open 2021; 9:100077. [PMID: 33490944 PMCID: PMC7808950 DOI: 10.1016/j.metop.2021.100077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2020] [Revised: 12/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pineapple peel is a waste component of pineapple with valuable source of metabolites as phytoactive compounds in ameliorating metabolic-related disorders. This study investigated the atheroprotective and neuroprotective effects of peel extract of Ananas comosus fruit (PEAC) in normal diet (ND) and high-fat diet (HFD) fed rats. METHODS Male Wistar rats were fed ND or HFD for 9 weeks, and beginning from the 6th week animals were also orally treated with PEAC (200 mg/kg). Memory performance was assessed using Y-maze test (YMT) and novel object recognition test (NORT) while anxiolytic-like effect was assessed on the elevated plus maze (EPM). Serum cholesterol, triglycerides and HDL-C were determined, while LDL-C and atherogenic risk calculated. Serum and brain tissue malondialdehyde, reduced glutathione, catalase were determined. Brain acetylcholinesterase activity and interleukin-6 level were also determined. RESULTS PEAC significantly attenuated HFD-induced reduction in correct alternation in YMT, and discrimination index in NORT. Also, PEAC demonstrated anxiolytic-like activity in EPM test. PEAC significantly improved lipid profile and decreased risk of atherogenicity in ND and HFD-fed rats. In addition, PEAC improves serum and brain antioxidant status by decreasing malondialdehyde and increasing GSH and catalase. PEAC significantly impaired HFD-induced brain acetylcholinesterase activity and IL-6 levels. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that peel extract of Ananas comosus fruit may protect against diet-induced behavioral disturbances via atheroprotective, antioxidants and anti-inflammatory activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abayomi M. Ajayi
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Oyo-State, Nigeria
| | - Kayode A. John
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Oyo-State, Nigeria
| | - Ilerioluwa B. Emmanuel
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Oyo-State, Nigeria
- Biomedicinal Research Centre, Forestry Research Institute of Nigeria, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Emmanuel O. Chidebe
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Oyo-State, Nigeria
| | - Aduragbenro D.A. Adedapo
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Oyo-State, Nigeria
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Olugbemide AS, Ben-Azu B, Bakre AG, Ajayi AM, Femi-Akinlosotu O, Umukoro S. Naringenin improves depressive- and anxiety-like behaviors in mice exposed to repeated hypoxic stress through modulation of oxido-inflammatory mediators and NF-kB/BDNF expressions. Brain Res Bull 2020; 169:214-227. [PMID: 33370589 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2020.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative and inflammatory signaling pathways have been identified as important targets for mitigating hypoxic stress-induced neurological complications. Thus, the effects of naringenin, a potent antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective bioflavonoid on hypoxic stress-induced depressive-like and anxiety-related behaviors in mice, and the underlying molecular mechanisms were evaluated in this study. Thirty-five male Swiss mice were distributed into 5 groups (n = 7). Mice in group I (non-stress control) and group 2 (stress-control) both had vehicle (5 % DMSO), while groups 3-5 received naringenin (10, 25 and 50 mg/kg), intraperitonally. Thirty minutes later, mice in groups 2-5 were subjected to 15 min hypoxic stress, daily for 14 days. Locomotor activity, anxiety and depression were evaluated on day 15. The mice brains were processed for malondialdehyde, glutathione, superoxide-dismutase (SOD), catalase, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-1β assays. The serum corticosterone concentration and expressions of the brain immunopositive cells of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-kB) and brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) as well as histomorphological changes of the amygdala were also determined. Naringenin (25-50 mg/kg) ameliorated the hypolocomotion, depressive- and anxiety-like behaviors in hypoxic mice. The increased brain contents of malondialdehyde, TNF-α, interleukin-1β, and decreased antioxidant (glutathione and SOD) status were attenuated by naringenin. Naringenin (10 mg/kg) increases BDNF expression but did not significantly (p < 0.05) alter corticosterone and catalase contents. The increased expressions of iNOS and NF-kB as well as loss of amygdala neuronal cells were reduced by naringenin (10 mg/kg). Overall, these findings suggest that naringenin improves depressive- and anxiety-like behaviors in mice exposed to hypoxic stress by modulating oxido-inflammatory insults and NF-kB/BDNF expressions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abimbola S Olugbemide
- Neuropharmacology Unit, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Benneth Ben-Azu
- Neuropharmacology Unit, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Delta State University, Abraka
| | - Adewale G Bakre
- Neuropharmacology Unit, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Abayomi M Ajayi
- Neuropharmacology Unit, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Omowumi Femi-Akinlosotu
- Developmental Neurobiology and Forensic Anatomy Unit, Department of Anatomy, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Solomon Umukoro
- Neuropharmacology Unit, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.
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Aremu PA, Ajayi AM, Ben-Azu B, Orewole OT, Umukoro S. Spinal and general anesthesia produces differential effects on oxidative stress and inflammatory cytokines in orthopedic patients. Drug Metab Pers Ther 2020; 0:/j/dmdi.ahead-of-print/dmdi-2020-0134/dmdi-2020-0134.xml. [PMID: 33027046 DOI: 10.1515/dmdi-2020-0134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Objectives The contribution of anesthetic procedure to surgical stress and postoperative complications has been attributed to increased oxidative stress and release of inflammatory cytokines. Thus, the levels of oxidative stress biomarkers and inflammatory cytokines in patients with general anesthesia (GA) and spinal anesthesia (SA) that underwent open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) in orthopedic surgery at Federal Teaching Hospital, Ido-Ekiti, Ekiti state, Nigeria were investigated. Methods Forty patients were randomly distributed into two groups (n = 20) namely GA and SA. Blood samples were collected before and after surgery for estimation of glucose, oxidative stress biomarkers (malondialdehyde [MDA], glutathione, catalase and nitrile) and inflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor-α [TNF-α] and interleukin-6) levels. Results The post-operative blood glucose level was higher than the pre-operative value (p<0.5) in the two groups. There were significant (p<0.05) changes in MDA concentration and catalase activity in patients with GA in the post-operative stage relative to preoperative phase. There were no significant differences in glutathione, nitrite and interleukin-6 contents between the two groups. The patients with SA had higher levels of TNF-α in the post-operative stage. Conclusions These findings suggest that anesthesia has differential effects on oxidative stress and inflammatory cytokines in patients with ORIF orthopedic surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter A Aremu
- Neuropharmacology Unit, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Abayomi M Ajayi
- Neuropharmacology Unit, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Benneth Ben-Azu
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, PAMO University of Medical Sciences, Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria
- Neuropharmacology Unit, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Olayinka T Orewole
- Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Department, Federal Teaching Hospital, Ido-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria
- Department of Anaesthesia, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Afe Babalola University, Ado-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria
| | - Solomon Umukoro
- Neuropharmacology Unit, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
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Okoh L, Ajayi AM, Ben-Azu B, Akinluyi ET, Emokpae O, Umukoro S. D-Ribose-L-cysteine exhibits adaptogenic-like activity through inhibition of oxido-inflammatory responses and increased neuronal caspase-3 activity in mice exposed to unpredictable chronic mild stress. Mol Biol Rep 2020; 47:7709-7722. [PMID: 32959196 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-020-05845-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Adaptogens are substances that act nonspecifically to combat stress by regulating the key elements involved in stress-induced pathologies. D-Ribose-L-cysteine (DRLC), a potent glutathione (GSH) booster, has been recommended for relief of stress. Hence, we investigated its adaptogenic-like effect in mice subjugated to unpredictable chronic mild stress (UCMS). Thirty six male Swiss mice were assigned to 6 groups (n = 6): group 1 received saline (p.o, non-stress control), group 2 (stress-control) also had saline, groups 3 to 5 received DRLC (25, 50 and 100 mg/kg, p.o) whereas group 6 had ginseng (50 mg/kg, p.o). The animals in groups 2-6 were subjugated to UCMS 30 min later, daily for 21 days and afterwards, tested for memory and anxiety. Blood glucose, serum corticosterone concentrations and adrenal weight were determined. The brain tissues were processed for estimation of malondialdehyde (MDA), GSH, superoxide-dismutase (SOD), catalase, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-6, acetyl-cholinesterase, and caspase-3 activities. The histomorphologic features and neuronal viability of the hippocampus, amygdala and prefrontal cortex were also determined. DRLC (25-100 mg/kg) reduces anxiety, memory deficit, adrenal gland enlargement, glucose, and corticosterone concentrations in UCMS-mice. The increased brain contents of MDA, TNF-α, interleukin-6, acetyl-cholinesterase and decreased antioxidant (GSH, SOD and catalase) status induced by UCMS were attenuated by DRLC. The DRLC increased caspase-3 activity and reduces histomorphological distortions of neuronal cells of the hippocampus, amygdala and prefrontal cortex of stressed-mice. These findings suggest that DRLC has adaptogenic-like effect which might be related to modulation of corticosterone-mediated oxido-inflammatory processes and altered caspase-3 activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Love Okoh
- Neuropharmacology Unit, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Abayomi M Ajayi
- Neuropharmacology Unit, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Benneth Ben-Azu
- Neuropharmacology Unit, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.,Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, PAMO University of Medical Sciences, Port Harcourt, River States, Nigeria
| | - Elizabeth T Akinluyi
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Afe Babalola University, Ado Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria
| | - Osagie Emokpae
- Neuropharmacology Unit, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Solomon Umukoro
- Neuropharmacology Unit, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.
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Ariyo OO, Ajayi AM, Ben-Azu B, Aderibigbe AO. Anti-nociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities of ethanol extract and fractions of Morus mesozygia Stapf (Moraceae) leaves and its underlying mechanisms in rodents. J Ethnopharmacol 2020; 259:112934. [PMID: 32387467 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.112934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Morus mesozygia Stapf (Moraceae), commonly known as African mulberry, is traditionally used for the treatment of inflammatory disorders such as rheumatism and dermatitis. AIM This work aimed to evaluate the anti-nociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects of its ethanol (EEMm) extract, and ethylacetate fraction (EAFMm). METHODS The anti-nociceptive and anti-inflammatory effect of ethanol extracts of M. mesozygia (EEMm), and its ethylacetate (EAFMm) and residual aqueous fraction (RAFMm) was evaluated in hotplate, acetic acid and formalin tests and as well in membrane stabilizing assay and carrageenan-induced paw oedema models. Mechanism of anti-inflammation of EAFMm was investigated in the carrageenan-induced air-pouch model. RESULTS In the hot plate test of nociception, only the EAFMm showed significant (p < 0.05) anti-nociceptive activity. The extract and fractions significantly reduced number of writhing with EAFMm (400 mg/kg) showing highest inhibition (66.5%) in the acetic acid-induced writhing in mice. EEMm and EAFMm (400 mg/kg) significantly reduced the paw licking time in the early and late phases of the formalin test. The extract and fractions showed good membrane stabilizing activity comparable to indomethacin. EAFMm (100 and 400 mg/kg) showed the highest inhibition of paw oedema (53.4% and 58.1%) in the carrageenan-induced paw oedema model. The EAFMm (100 and 400 mg/kg) reduced exudate volume relative to carrageenan-control (2.64 ± 0.22, 2.08 ± 0.15 vs 3.83 ± 0.18 mL) and neutrophils (8.98 ± 1.36, 8.00 ± 0.22 vs 20.51 ± 1.14) in carrageenan-induced pouch. EAFMm significantly reduced exudate volume, pro-inflammatory cytokines and the expression of COX-2 and NFκB. CONCLUSION M. mesozygia leaves demonstrated anti-nociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities by suppressing oxidative stress, pro-inflammatory cytokines, cyclooxygenase-2, and nuclear factor kappa B.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oluwakemi O Ariyo
- Neuropharmacology Unit, Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, University of Ibadan, Oyo-State, Nigeria; Pharmacy Department, Health Services Directorate, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria.
| | - Abayomi M Ajayi
- Neuropharmacology Unit, Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, University of Ibadan, Oyo-State, Nigeria.
| | - Benneth Ben-Azu
- Neuropharmacology Unit, Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, University of Ibadan, Oyo-State, Nigeria; Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, PAMO University of Medical Sciences, Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria.
| | - Adegbuyi O Aderibigbe
- Neuropharmacology Unit, Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, University of Ibadan, Oyo-State, Nigeria.
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Umukoro S, Okoh L, Igweze SC, Ajayi AM, Ben-Azu B. Protective effect of Cyperus esculentus (tiger nut) extract against scopolamine-induced memory loss and oxidative stress in mouse brain. Drug Metab Pers Ther 2020; 35:dmpt-2020-0112. [PMID: 32776896 DOI: 10.1515/dmpt-2020-0112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Objectives The juice extract of Cyperus esculentus commonly known as tiger nuts (TINUT) is widely used for its numerous health promoting effects including alleviation of symptoms associated with neurological disorders. Herein, we investigated the influence of the aqueous extract of C. esculentus on cognitive disorder and the underlying changes in acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity and oxidative stress biomarkers in mice exposed to scopolamine. Methods C. esculentus (50-200 mg/kg) or saline (10 mL/kg) was given alone or with scopolamine 30 min after, to male Swiss mice (6/group) daily for seven days. We evaluated the cognitive performance using Y-maze and object recognition on day seven post-treatment. Brains of the animals were afterwards processed for spectrophotometric determination of AChE activity and contents of oxidative stress biomarkers (malondialdehyde [MDA], glutathione [GSH], catalase, superoxide dismutase and nitrite). Results The extract improves cognitive function and also upturned scopolamine amnesia in mice. The extract markedly reduced brain AChE, MDA, and nitrite contents in mice injected with scopolamine (p<0.05). It also attenuated scopolamine-induced deregulated GSH contents and antioxidant enzymes in mouse brain. Conclusions The results of this study suggest that regular consumption of TINUT might offer beneficial effects in memory-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Solomon Umukoro
- Neuropharmacology Unit, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Love Okoh
- Neuropharmacology Unit, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Sylvester C Igweze
- Neuropharmacology Unit, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Abayomi M Ajayi
- Neuropharmacology Unit, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Benneth Ben-Azu
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Pamo University of Medical Sciences, Port Harcourt, River States, Nigeria
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Adedapo ADA, Ajayi AM, Ekwunife NL, Falayi OO, Oyagbemi A, Omobowale TO, Adedapo AA. Antihypertensive effect of Phragmanthera incana (Schum) Balle on NG-nitro-L-Arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) induced hypertensive rats. J Ethnopharmacol 2020; 257:112888. [PMID: 32311480 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.112888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2020] [Revised: 04/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Phragmanthera incana (Schum) Balle is a member of the African mistletoes that has been reported to be used in ethnomedicine for the treatment of hypertension. AIM The aim of this study was to investigate the antihypertensive effect of Phragmanthera incana leaf ethanol extract (PILEE) in NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME)-induced hypertensive rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS Phytochemical analysis of PILEE was determined using the Gas chromatography - Mass spectrophotometry (GC-MS) method. Antihypertensive activity was investigated in rats that received PILEE (50, 100 and 200 mg/kg) or captopril (40 mg/kg) daily for 28 days together with oral administration of L-NAME (40 mg/kg). Blood pressure parameters were measured on day 7, 14, 21 and 28. Blood was obtained for determination of serum nitrite, interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor, TNF-α. The heart, liver and kidneys were used to determine oxidative stress indices (malondialdehyde, reduced glutathione and catalase). The cardiac tissue was processed for histopathological changes. RESULTS The GC-MS profiling of PILEE identified 20 compounds namely fatty acid esters. Administration of PILEE (50, 100 and 200 mg/kg) dose dependently and significantly reduced systolic blood pressure and mean arterial pressure in hypertensive rats. PILEE administration significantly (p < 0.05) reversed elevated IL-6 and TNF-α in hypertensive rats. PILEE demonstrated antioxidant activity by attenuating L-NAME-induced elevated malondialdehyde and depletion of reduced glutathione and catalase activity in rat tissues. PILEE treatment demonstrated cardioprotective effect in L-NAME-induced cardiac hyperplasia and necrosis in rats. CONCLUSION It can be concluded that Phragmanthera incana leaf ethanol extract possess antihypertensive, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, suggesting a protective role in cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aduragbenro D A Adedapo
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo-State, Nigeria.
| | - Abayomi M Ajayi
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo-State, Nigeria.
| | - Nancy Losie Ekwunife
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo-State, Nigeria.
| | - Olufunke O Falayi
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo-State, Nigeria.
| | - Ademola Oyagbemi
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo-State, Nigeria.
| | | | - Adeolu A Adedapo
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo-State, Nigeria.
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Umukoro S, Ben-Azu B, Ajayi AM, Adebesin A, Emokpae O. Cymbopogon citratus aqueous leaf extract attenuates neurobehavioral and biochemical changes induced by social defeat stress in mice. Chinese Herbal Medicines 2020; 12:303-309. [PMID: 36119005 PMCID: PMC9476801 DOI: 10.1016/j.chmed.2020.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Revised: 11/02/2019] [Accepted: 01/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Psychosocial stress has been implicated in the genesis of psychiatric disorders such as memory deficits, depression, anxiety and addiction. Aqueous leaf extract of Cymbopogon citratus (CYC) otherwise known as lemongrass tea has antidepressant, anxiolytic and anti-amnesic effects in rodents. This study was designed to evaluate if C. citratus could reverse the neurobehavioral and biochemical derangements induced by social defeat stress (SDS) in the resident/intruder paradigm. Methods Intruder male mice were divided into five groups (n = 7): group 1 received saline (10 mL/kg, p.o.; non-stress control), group 2 also received saline (10 mL/kg, p.o.; SDS control) while groups 3–5 had C. citratus (50, 100 and 200 mg/kg, p.o.) daily for 14 d. The SDS was carried out 30 min after each treatment from day 7 to day 14 by exposing each intruder mouse in groups 2–5 to a 10 min confrontation in the home cage of an aggressive resident counterpart. The neurobehavioral features (spontaneous motor activity-SMA, anxiety, memory, social avoidance and depression were then evaluated. The concentrations of nitrite, malondialdehyde and glutathione as well as acetylcholinesterase activity in the brain tissues were also determined. Results C. citratus (50, 100 and 200 mg/kg) attenuated hypolocomotion, heightened anxiety, depressive-like symptom, memory deficit and social avoidance induced by SDS. The altered levels of oxidative stress and acetyl-cholinesterase in SDS-mice were positively modulated by C. citratus. Conclusion The results of this study suggest that C. citratus might mitigate psychosocial stress-induced neurologic diseases in susceptible individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Solomon Umukoro
- Neuropharmacology Unit, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan 200284, Nigeria
- Corresponding author.
| | - Benneth Ben-Azu
- Neuropharmacology Unit, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan 200284, Nigeria
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, PAMO University of Medical Sciences, Port Harcourt 500272, Nigeria
| | - Abayomi M. Ajayi
- Neuropharmacology Unit, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan 200284, Nigeria
| | - Adaeze Adebesin
- Neuropharmacology Unit, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan 200284, Nigeria
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Africa, Toru-Orua 561, Nigeria
| | - Osagie Emokpae
- Neuropharmacology Unit, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan 200284, Nigeria
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Ajayi AM, Alabi AO, Adebesin A, Ben-Azu B, Umukoro S. Aqueous extract of dry powder blend of seeds and leaves of Picralima nitida (Stapf) T. & H. Durand reduce pain and inflammation in animal models. J Basic Clin Physiol Pharmacol 2020; 32:97-107. [PMID: 32598312 DOI: 10.1515/jbcpp-2019-0212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Blend of seeds and leaves of Picralima nitida herein referred to as West African Durand powder (WDP) was investigated for antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory properties. METHODS Acute toxic effect of the aqueous extract was evaluated in mice of both sexes. Antinociceptive effect of WDP (100-400 mg/kg) was evaluated in models of acetic acid-induced writhing and thermal nociception on hot plate in mice. Carrageenan-induced paw oedema and air pouch rat models were used to evaluate the anti-inflammatory activity of the extract. RESULTS WDP (2,000 mg/kg) showed no toxic effect in mice. WDP at 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg inhibited abdominal writhings by 59.9, 66.0 and 79.0%, respectively. There was a significant increase in reaction time on the hot plate tests in mice treated with WDP (400 mg/kg). The paw oedema was reduced by WDP (100, 200 and 400 mg/kg) 5 h post-carrageeenan. Exudate volume was significantly reduced to 39.8 and 44.8% by 200 and 400 mg/kg WDP, respectively. WDP reduced Leucocytes counts (23.3 and 57.1%, respectively) and neutrophil counts (28.1 and 60.0%, as well as reduced nitrites, malondialdehyde levels and increased glutathione concentrations in the air pouch. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that aqueous extract of blend of seeds and leaves of P. nitida possesses antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abayomi M Ajayi
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo, Nigeria
| | - Akinyinka O Alabi
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo, Nigeria
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Olabisi Onabanjo University, Ago-iwoye, Ogun, Nigeria
| | - Adaeze Adebesin
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo, Nigeria
| | - Benneth Ben-Azu
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo, Nigeria
| | - Solomon Umukoro
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo, Nigeria
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Ajayi AM, Ben-Azu B, Godson JC, Umukoro S. Effect of Spondias Mombin Fruit Extract on Scopolamine-induced Memory Impairment and Oxidative Stress in Mice Brain. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/10496475.2020.1777613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Abayomi M. Ajayi
- Neuropharmacology Unit, Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Benneth Ben-Azu
- Neuropharmacology Unit, Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, PAMO University of Medical Sciences, Port Harcourt, Nigeria
| | - John C. Godson
- Neuropharmacology Unit, Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Solomon Umukoro
- Neuropharmacology Unit, Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
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Njan AA, Adenuga FO, Ajayi AM, Sotunde O, Ologe MO, Olaoye SO, Erdogan ON, Iwalewa OE. Neuroprotective and memory-enhancing effects of methanolic leaf extract of Peristrophe bicalyculata in rat model of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Heliyon 2020; 6:e04011. [PMID: 32490237 PMCID: PMC7256363 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e04011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Revised: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the effect of methanolic leaf extract of Peristrophe Bicalyculata (MEPb) on type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) associated cognitive decline in Wistar rats. 36 male rats weighing 130–200 g were assigned into 6 groups (n = 6) as follows: normal control, diabetic control, pioglitazone-treated diabetic and three MEPb-treated diabetic groups, type 2 diabetes mellitus was induced with low dose streptozocin (STZ) injection following 3 weeks of high fat diet (HFD) intake. Thirty days after diabetes induction, rats exhibited marked and persistent hyperglycemia, animals were treated with MEPb (50, 100 and 200 mg/kg) and pioglitazone (10 mg/kg) as standard. Morris water maze (MWM) test and Novel object recognition test (NORT) were used to assess learning and memory. Blood glucose level, oxidative stress makers, pro-inflammatory marker and acetylcholinestarase activities were analysed. Both MEPb and pioglitazone significantly (P < 0.05) reduced escape latency in treated animals compared to the diabetic control group in the MWM test. Methanolic leaf extract of Peristrophe bicalyculata and pioglitazone also significantly (P < 0.05) increased discrimination index in treated animals compared to the diabetic control group in the novel object recognition test. Serum, brain and liver MDA levels were significantly (P < 0.05) decreased in MEPb and pioglitazone treated rats compared to diabetic control. Serum and liver GSH as well as CAT levels were significantly (P < 0.05) increased while brain GSH and CAT levels shows apparent increase in MEPb and pioglitazone treated rats compared with diabetic control. Treatment with MEPb caused a significant (P < 0.05) decrease in brain nitrite level, interleukin 6 and acetylcholinesterase activity compared to diabetic control group. We conclude that Methanolic leaf extract of Peristrophe bicalyculata enhanced antioxidant capacity and prevented neuroinflammation, consequently improving brain neuronal cholinergic function in experimental animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anoka A Njan
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria
| | - Francisca O Adenuga
- Neuropharmacology and Ethnopharmacology Unit, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Abayomi M Ajayi
- Neuropharmacology and Ethnopharmacology Unit, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Olasubomi Sotunde
- Neuropharmacology and Ethnopharmacology Unit, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Mary O Ologe
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria
| | | | - Ozlem Nazan Erdogan
- Department of Pharmacy Management, School of Pharmacy, Istanbul University, Beyazit, Istanbul 34116, Turkey
| | - Olugbenga E Iwalewa
- Neuropharmacology and Ethnopharmacology Unit, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
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Emokpae O, Ben-Azu B, Ajayi AM, Umukoro S. D-ribose-L-cysteine enhances memory task, attenuates oxidative stress and acetyl-cholinesterase activity in scopolamine amnesic mice. Drug Dev Res 2020; 81:620-627. [PMID: 32219881 DOI: 10.1002/ddr.21663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Revised: 02/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
d-Ribose-l-cysteine (DRLC) is an analogue of cysteine that has been shown to boost cellular antioxidant capacity by enhancing intracellular biosynthesis of glutathione (GSH). Deficiency of GSH has been implicated in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD), a neurodegenerative disorder associated with loss of memory. Thus, the use of antioxidants to prevent or retard the progression of memory deteriorations in persons with AD has been the focus of intense investigations. This study was carried out to evaluate the effects of DRLC on memory and scopolamine-induced amnesia, acetyl-cholinesterase activity, and oxidative stress in mice. Male Swiss mice were given oral administration of saline (10 ml/kg), DRLC (25, 50, and 100 mg/kg) or donepezil (1 mg/kg) 30 min before testing for memory performance using Y-maze and object recognition models. Another set of mice were also pretreated orally with saline, DRLC (25, 50, and 100 mg/kg) or donepezil (1 mg/kg) but in combination with scopolamine (3 mg/kg, i.p.) daily for 7 days. Thirty minutes after treatment on Day 7, memory function was then evaluated. The brain levels of acetyl-cholinesterase and oxidative stress parameters were assayed. DRLC significantly (p < .05) enhanced memory performance and attenuated scopolamine-induced amnesia. Increased acetyl-cholinesterase activity and oxidative stress, as shown by decreased antioxidant substrates (glutathione and catalase) and elevated malondialdehyde contents in mice with scopolamine amnesia were also attenuated by DRLC. Our findings suggest that inhibition of oxidative stress and acetyl-cholinesterase activity might contribute to the potential benefit of DRLC in persons with amnesia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osagie Emokpae
- Neuropharmacology Unit, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Benneth Ben-Azu
- Neuropharmacology Unit, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.,Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, PAMO University of Medical Sciences, Port Harcourt, River States, Nigeria
| | - Abayomi M Ajayi
- Neuropharmacology Unit, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Solomon Umukoro
- Neuropharmacology Unit, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
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Ajayi AM, Badaki VB, Ariyo OO, Ben-Azu B, Asejeje FO, Adedapo ADA. Chrysophyllum albidum fruit peel attenuates nociceptive pain and inflammatory response in rodents by inhibition of pro-inflammatory cytokines and COX-2 expression through suppression of NF-κB activation. Nutr Res 2020; 77:73-84. [PMID: 32375072 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2020.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Revised: 02/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Chrysophyllum abidum fruit is a seasonal fruit commonly eaten as snacks with abundant health promoting phytochemicals in the fruit peels. The fruit peels have been reported to be rich in anti-inflammatory eleagnine, myricetin rhamnoside, quercetin, linoleic acid and oleic acid. We hypothesized that the anti-inflammatory effect of the peel extract involve suppression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, cyclooxygenase-2 and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB). Hence, this study was designed to assess the anti-nociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects of fruit peel extract of Chrysophyllum albidum in animal models of nociception and inflammation. The anti-nociceptive activity of CAPEE (100 and 400 mg/kg) was evaluated in acetic acid-induced writhing and formalin-induced paw licking in mice. Formalin-induced paw edema and carrageenan-induced air pouch models of inflammation were used to evaluate the anti-inflammatory activity. CAPEE (100 and 400 mg/kg) significantly reduced abdominal writhing and paw licking in acetic acid and formalin tests in mice, respectively. CAPEE demonstrated significant inhibition of paw edema at 24 h (41.0% and 55.7%) and 72 h (52.3% and 86.6%) after formalin injection. CAPEE suppressed inflammatory responses in carrageenan-induced air pouch by reducing exudates, inflammatory cells infiltration, nitrites and myeloperoxidase activity. There was significant inhibition of tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-6 levels and reduced immunopositive expression of COX-2 and NF-κB. In conclusion, CAPEE has anti-nociceptive and anti-inflammatory potentials via mechanisms associated with inhibition of pro-inflammatory cytokines and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression through suppression of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) activation, and has potential as a functional food ingredient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abayomi M Ajayi
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo-State, Nigeria.
| | - Victoria B Badaki
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo-State, Nigeria
| | - Oluwakemi O Ariyo
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo-State, Nigeria
| | - Benneth Ben-Azu
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo-State, Nigeria; Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, PAMO University of Medical Sciences, Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria
| | - Folake O Asejeje
- Department of Biological Sciences, KolaDaisi University, Ibadan, Oyo-State, Nigeria
| | - Aduragbenro D A Adedapo
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo-State, Nigeria
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Emokpae O, Ben-Azu B, Ajayi AM, Umukoro S. D-Ribose-L-cysteine attenuates lipopolysaccharide-induced memory deficits through inhibition of oxidative stress, release of proinflammatory cytokines, and nuclear factor-kappa B expression in mice. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2020; 393:909-925. [PMID: 31907583 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-019-01805-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
D-Ribose-L-cysteine (DRLC), an analog of cysteine that boosts glutathione (GSH) content, has been reported to mitigate oxidative stress-mediated diseases. This study seeks to evaluate the effects of DRLC on memory deficits and the biochemical and histo-morphological changes induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in mice. Male Swiss mice (n = 10) were pre-treated orally with three doses of DRLC (25 mg/kg, 50 mg/kg, and 100 mg/kg), donepezil (1 mg/kg), or vehicle (saline) for 30 min prior to the intraperitoneal injection of LPS (0.25 mg/kg) daily for 7 days. Memory functions were evaluated using the Y-maze, object recognition, and social recognition tests. The specific brain regions (prefrontal cortex and hippocampus) were evaluated to determine oxidative stress biomarkers (malondialdehyde, GSH, and catalase), acetyl-cholinesterase activity, proinflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-6), expression of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB), and neuronal cell morphology. DRLC (25-100 mg/kg) reversed the memory deficits in the LPS-treated mice (p < 0.05). The increased oxidative stress and proinflammatory cytokines in the brain regions of the LPS-treated mice were significantly (p < 0.05) reduced by DRLC. DRLC (50 mg/kg and 100 mg/kg) also reduced acetyl-cholinesterase activity and decreased NF-κB expression in the brains of LPS-treated mice. Finally, it attenuated the cytoarchitectural distortions and loss of neuronal cells of the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus that were induced by LPS in mice. The results of this study suggest that DRLC attenuates memory deficit induced by LPS in mice through mechanisms related to the inhibition of oxidative stress, release of proinflammatory cytokines, and expression of NF-κB in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osagie Emokpae
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Neuropharmacology Unit, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Benneth Ben-Azu
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Neuropharmacology Unit, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.,Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, PAMO University of Medical Sciences, River States, Port Harcourt, Nigeria
| | - Abayomi M Ajayi
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Neuropharmacology Unit, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Solomon Umukoro
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Neuropharmacology Unit, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.
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Alabi AO, Ajayi AM, Ben-Azu B, Omorobge O, Umukoro S. Methyl jasmonate ameliorates rotenone-induced motor deficits in rats through its neuroprotective activity and increased expression of tyrosine hydroxylase immunopositive cells. Metab Brain Dis 2019; 34:1723-1736. [PMID: 31463866 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-019-00478-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Decreased tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) activity, due to degeneration of dopaminergic neurons contributes to the low dopamine content and the motor deficits that characterized Parkinson's disease (PD). This study examines the effect of methyl jasmonate (MJ), a neuroprotective bioactive compound isolated from jasminum grandiflorum, on motor functions, immunopositive cells of TH, dendritic neurons and dopamine contents in rotenone (Rot)-treated rats. Rats pretreated daily with MJ (100 mg/kg, i.p) for 21 days also received Rot (2.5 mg/kg, i.p.) 30 min after each pretreatment for every 48 h for 21 days. Motor functions were assessed on day 22. The specific brain regions of the rats were processed for determination of dopamine contents, immunopositive cells of TH, neuronal cell morphology and dendritic aborizations. Rot impaired locomotion and rearing behavior, and decreased dopamine content in the striatum, prefrontal cortex and midbrain. It further reduced the expression of TH in the substantia nigra and striatum relative to vehicle-control (p < 0.05). Histopathologic studies revealed that Rot-treated rats had degenerated neurons with pyknotic nuclei and loss of nigrostriatal neuronal cells. Rot also altered the nigrostriatal dendritic neuronal networks, decreased the dendritic length and spine density. However, pretreatment with MJ improved motor deficits, increased TH activity and dopamine contents in the specific brain regions of Rot-treated rats. MJ also attenuated the cyto-architectural distortions, loss of neuronal cells and dendritic aborizations of the striatum of Rot-treated rats. These findings suggest that MJ may reverse the motor deficits associated with PD by modifying the key pathological abnormalities involved in the disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akinyinka O Alabi
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Olabisi Onabanjo University, Ago-Iwoye, Nigeria
- Neuropharmacology Unit, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Abayomi M Ajayi
- Neuropharmacology Unit, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Benneth Ben-Azu
- Neuropharmacology Unit, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, PAMO University of Medical Sciences, River States, Port Harcourt, Nigeria
| | - Osarume Omorobge
- Neuropharmacology Unit, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Solomon Umukoro
- Neuropharmacology Unit, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.
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Umukoro S, Ben-Azu B, Iyiola AO, Adeboye B, Ajayi AM, Adebesin A, Omorobge O. Evaluation of the anticonvulsant and anxiolytic-like activities of aqueous leaf extract of Cymbopogon citratus in mice. J Basic Clin Physiol Pharmacol 2019; 31:jbcpp-2019-0100. [PMID: 31730523 DOI: 10.1515/jbcpp-2019-0100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2019] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Background Anxiety is a common ailment of high co-morbidity with epilepsy, a chronic neurologic disease characterized by recurrent seizures. Current drugs used for these conditions have several limitations such as disabling side effects, relapse, and ineffectiveness in certain population necessitating the search for alternative options. The aqueous leaf extract of Cymbopogon citratus (CYC) is widely used for its various health-promoting effects including relief of seizures and anxiety in ethnomedicine. This present study describes its effects on convulsions, anxiety-like behaviors, and social interaction in mice. Methods Male Swiss mice were pretreated orally with CYC (25, 50, and 100 mg/kg), diazepam (1 mg/kg), or distilled water (10 mL/kg) 60 min before induction of convulsions with intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of picrotoxin (10 mg/kg), pentylenetetrazole (PTZ; 85 mg/kg), or isoniazid (300 mg/kg). The animals were then observed for the occurrence of seizure for 30 min or 2 h for isoniazid. The effects of CYC on anxiety-like behaviors, social interaction, and spontaneous motor activity (SMA) were evaluated in naive mice. Results CYC (25-100 mg/kg) did not prevent convulsions nor delay the latency to convulsions induced by picrotoxin, PTZ, or isoniazid. Pretreatment with CYC (50 and 100 mg/kg, p.o) produced anxiolytic-like effect, decreased SMA, and also enhanced social interaction behavior in naive mice. Conclusions The results of this study suggest that CYC did not exhibit an anticonvulsant property in mice injected with picrotoxin, PTZ, or isoniazid, but its anxiolytic-like activity and social interaction-promoting effect might be of benefit as an adjuvant in improving the quality of life of epileptic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Solomon Umukoro
- Neuropharmacology Unit, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Benneth Ben-Azu
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, PAMO University of Medical Sciences, Port Harcourt, River States, Nigeria
| | - Azeez O Iyiola
- Neuropharmacology Unit, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Bamboye Adeboye
- Neuropharmacology Unit, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Abayomi M Ajayi
- Neuropharmacology Unit, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Adaeze Adebesin
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Africa, Toru-Orua, Bayelsa State, Nigeria
| | - Osarume Omorobge
- Neuropharmacology Unit, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
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Alabi AO, Ajayi AM, Omorogbe O, Umukoro S. Anti-nociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects of an aqueous extract of blended leaves of Ocimum gratissimum and Psidium guajava. Clin Phytosci 2019. [DOI: 10.1186/s40816-019-0130-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
To investigate the antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities of aqueous extract of a blended mixture of dried leaves of Ocimum gratissimum and Psidium guajava, a traditional analgesic drug polyherbal (TADP) used as a remedy for pain-related conditions.
Methods
Antinociceptive activity of TADP (100, 200 and 400 mg/kg) was evaluated in the hot plate test and acetic acid-induced nociception in mice while the anti-inflammatory was evaluated in carrageenan-induced paw oedema in rats. Levels of nitrite, myeloperoxidase, glutathione and malondialdehyde were assayed in carrageenan-induced paw tissue.
Results
TADP (200 and 400 mg/kg) significantly prolong the latency time in the hot-plate test. TADP (100–400 mg/kg) produced a dose-dependent significant inhibition of the acetic-acid induced abdominal constriction. The antinociceptive activity of TADP in the presence of naloxone and atropine was not reversed whereas yohimbine and glibenclamide significantly reversed it. TADP (100, 200 and 400 mg/kg) significantly reduced the swelling in the carrageenan-induced oedema model and also produced a reduction in the nitrite and myeloperoxidase level. TADP (400 mg/kg) significantly reduced malondialdehyde concentration and increase glutathione level in the carrageenan-induced rat paw. TADP significantly decrease the number of cellular infiltrates in the histopathological assessment.
Conclusion
These results indicate that polyherbal product containing blended leaves of Ocimum gratissimum and Psidium guajava possess antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory properties, hence represents a promising alternative remedy in inflammation-induced pain.
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Ojo ES, Ishola IO, Ben-Azu B, Afolayan OO, James AB, Ajayi AM, Umukoro S, Adeyemi OO. Ameliorative influence of Cnestis ferruginea vahl ex DC (Connaraceae) root extract on kainic acid-induced temporal lobe epilepsy in mice: Role of oxidative stress and neuroinflammation. J Ethnopharmacol 2019; 243:112117. [PMID: 31351192 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2019.112117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Revised: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY RELEVANCE: the root decoction of Cnestis ferruginea Vahl ex DC (Connaraceae) is widely used in traditional African medicine for the treatment of various ailments including pain, inflammation and epilepsy. We have earlier reported anticonvulsant effect of Cnestis ferruginea root extract in mice. AIM OF THE STUDY to evaluate the effect of ethanolic root extract of Cnestis ferruginea (CF) on kainic acid (KA)-induced temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) in mice as well as the involvement of inflammatory mediators and oxidative stress. MATERIALS AND METHODS mice were randomly divided into preventive treatment (vehicle (normal saline) or CF (400 mg/kg, p.o.) for 3 consecutive days before KA (5 mg/kg, i.p.) on days 4 and 5. In the reversal model, KA (5 mg/kg, i.p.) was administered on days 1 and 2 before vehicle or CF (400 mg/kg) administration on days 3-5. The effect of treatments on seizure severity was recorded using Racine scale. Animals were euthanized on day 5, 6 h after last KA exposure in preventive model and 1 h after CF administration in reversal model to estimate markers of oxidative stress and neuroinflammation. RESULTS exposure of mice to KA induced TLE evidenced in increased severity of seizures which was significantly reduced by the pre- and post-treatment of mice with CF. Moreso, KA-induced malondialdehyde/nitrite generation and GSH deficit in the brain were attenuated by CF treatments. KA-induced up-regulation of inflammatory transcription factors; cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and nuclear facor-kappaB (NF-κB) in the CA1, CA2, CA3 and dentate gyrus (DG) regions of the hippocampus regions were attenuated by CF treatments. CONCLUSION findings from this study showed that Cnestis ferruginea root extract ameliorated KA-induced TLE through enhancement of antioxidant defense mechanism and attenuation of neuro-inflammatory transcription factors. Thus, could possibly be a potential phytotherapeutic agent in the management of temporal lobe epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel S Ojo
- Department of Pharmacology, Therapeutics and Toxicology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos State, Nigeria
| | - Ismail O Ishola
- Department of Pharmacology, Therapeutics and Toxicology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos State, Nigeria
| | - Benneth Ben-Azu
- Neuropharmacology Unit, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria; Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, PAMO University of Medical Sciences, Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria
| | - Olasunmbo O Afolayan
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos State, Nigeria
| | - Ayorinde B James
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos State, Nigeria
| | - Abayomi M Ajayi
- Neuropharmacology Unit, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria
| | - Solomon Umukoro
- Neuropharmacology Unit, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria
| | - Olufunmilayo O Adeyemi
- Department of Pharmacology, Therapeutics and Toxicology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos State, Nigeria.
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Ben‐Azu B, Aderibigbe AO, Ajayi AM, Umukoro S, Iwalewa EO. Involvement of
l
‐arginine‐nitric oxide pathway in the antidepressant and memory promoting effects of morin in mice. Drug Dev Res 2019; 80:1071-1079. [DOI: 10.1002/ddr.21588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Revised: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Benneth Ben‐Azu
- Neuropharmacology Unit, Department of Pharmacology and TherapeuticsCollege of Medicine, University of Ibadan Ibadan Oyo State Nigeria
- Department of PharmacologyFaculty of Basic Medical Sciences, PAMO University of Medical Sciences Port Harcourt Rivers State Nigeria
| | - Adegbuyi O. Aderibigbe
- Neuropharmacology Unit, Department of Pharmacology and TherapeuticsCollege of Medicine, University of Ibadan Ibadan Oyo State Nigeria
| | - Abayomi M. Ajayi
- Neuropharmacology Unit, Department of Pharmacology and TherapeuticsCollege of Medicine, University of Ibadan Ibadan Oyo State Nigeria
| | - Solomon Umukoro
- Neuropharmacology Unit, Department of Pharmacology and TherapeuticsCollege of Medicine, University of Ibadan Ibadan Oyo State Nigeria
| | - Ezekiel O. Iwalewa
- Neuropharmacology Unit, Department of Pharmacology and TherapeuticsCollege of Medicine, University of Ibadan Ibadan Oyo State Nigeria
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Ajayi AM, Diya OO, Adedapo ADA. Hypolipidemic Effect of Chrysophyllum albidum Peel Extract and Its Underlying Antioxidant Mechanisms in Normal and Triton-X-100-Induced Hyperlipidemic Rats. J Diet Suppl 2019; 17:365-383. [DOI: 10.1080/19390211.2019.1591563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Abayomi M. Ajayi
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Olubunmi O. Diya
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
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Umukoro S, Oghwere EE, Ben-Azu B, Owoeye O, Ajayi AM, Omorogbe O, Okubena O. Jobelyn® ameliorates neurological deficits in rats with ischemic stroke through inhibition of release of pro-inflammatory cytokines and NF-κB signaling pathway. Pathophysiology 2019; 26:77-88. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pathophys.2018.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Revised: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
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Umukoro S, Adeola AH, Ben-Azu B, Ajayi AM. Lemon Grass Tea Enhanced Memory Function and Attenuated Scopolamine-Induced Amnesia in Mice Via Inhibition of Oxidative Stress and Acetyl-Cholinesterase Activity. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/10496475.2018.1520777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Solomon Umukoro
- Neuropharmacology Unit, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Adeyinka Habeeb Adeola
- Neuropharmacology Unit, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Benneth Ben-Azu
- Neuropharmacology Unit, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Abayomi M. Ajayi
- Neuropharmacology Unit, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
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Oyeleke SA, Ajayi AM, Umukoro S, Aderibigbe AO, Ademowo OG. Anti-inflammatory activity of Theobroma cacao L. stem bark ethanol extract and its fractions in experimental models. J Ethnopharmacol 2018; 222:239-248. [PMID: 29733944 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2018.04.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Revised: 04/28/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The stem bark of Theobroma cacao L. have been used for the treatment of inflammation, toothache, measles and malaria in ethnomedicine. However, the anti-inflammatory activity of Theobroma cacao stem bark has not been fully elucidated. AIM The anti-inflammatory activity of Theobroma cacao stem bark ethanol extract and its fractions was investigated in this study. MATERIALS AND METHODS The anti-inflammatory effect of ethanol extract of Theobroma cacao stem bark (EETc) and its dichloromethane (DCMF), ethylacetate (EAF) and aqueous (AQF) fractions was investigated in erythrocytes membrane stabilizing assay and carrageenan-induced paw oedema. The anti-inflammatory activity of the EAF and EETc was investigated in carrageenan induced-granuloma air pouch models. RESULTS The extract and fractions showed significant membrane stabilizing action on rat erythrocytes cell membrane. The oral administration of DCMF, EAF and AQF (250 mg/kg) significantly inhibited paw oedema induced by carrageenan (41.3%, 55.0% and 45.0%, respectively) compared to control group. The EAF (62.5, 125 and 250 mg/kg) and EETc (250 mg/kg) significantly inhibited exudates formation in carrageenan air pouch by (63.8, 71.5, 74.5, 64.3%) at 24 h and by (69.4%, 75.7%, 77.1% and 68.4%) at 72 h respectively. The EETc and EAF significantly reduced neutrophil counts, protein, nitrite, Tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α) and malondialdehyde (MDA) but increased reduced glutathione (GSH) levels compared to control in pouch exudates. The HPLC fingerprint of EAF revealed presence of caffeic acid, rutin, ferulic acid and morin. CONCLUSION Ethanol extract of Theobroma cacao and its ethylacetate fraction demonstrated anti-inflammatory activity partly by reducing neutrophil migration and inflammatory mediator production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabitiu A Oyeleke
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria; Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria.
| | - Abayomi M Ajayi
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria.
| | - Solomon Umukoro
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria.
| | - A O Aderibigbe
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria.
| | - Olusegun George Ademowo
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria.
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Ajayi AM, Ben-Azu B, Onasanwo SA, Adeoluwa O, Eduviere A, Ademowo OG. Flavonoid-Rich Fraction of Ocimum gratissimum Attenuates Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Sickness Behavior, Inflammatory and Oxidative Stress in Mice. Drug Res (Stuttg) 2018; 69:151-158. [PMID: 30064151 DOI: 10.1055/a-0654-5042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Ocimum gratissimum L. leaves has been traditionally used for management of febrile illnesses and symptoms typified of sickness behavior. In this work we investigated the modulatory effect of flavonoid-rich fraction of O. gratissimum leaves (EAFOg) on sickness behavior, inflammatory and oxidative stress responses in LPS-challenged mice. METHOD O. gratissimum leaf was first extracted with n-hexane, chloroform and methanol, and EAFOg was obtained by ethylacetate partitioning of a sequentially resultant methanol extract. The effect of EAFOg (25-100 mg/kg) on acute LPS-induced neurobehavioral impairment in an open field test (OFT) and depressive-like behavior in forced swimming test (FST) was investigated. Serum nitrite and TNF-α, as well as myeloperoxidase (MPO), malondialdehyde (MDA), and reduced glutathione (GSH) levels were determined in liver and brain tissues. RESULT EAFOg prevented the reduction in locomotor and rearing activity in OFT and the increase in immobility time in FST. The fraction significantly attenuated the elevation of serum TNF- α and nitrite levels. EAFOg reversed LPS-induced increase in MDA, MPO, and nitrite levels and attenuated GSH depletion in liver and brain tissues of mice. CONCLUSION Flavonoid-rich fraction of O. gratissimum leaf demonstrated significant modulation of LPS-induced sickness behavior, inflammatory and oxidative stress response in mice. This suggests an important therapeutic strategy in slowing down LPS-mediated hepatic and neuronal disease processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abayomi M Ajayi
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Benneth Ben-Azu
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Samuel A Onasanwo
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Olusegun Adeoluwa
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.,Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Afe Babalola University Ado-Ekiti, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria
| | - Anthony Eduviere
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.,Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, University of Medical Sciences, Ondo, Nigeria
| | - Olusegun G Ademowo
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
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Ajayi AM, Umukoro S, Ben-Azu B, Adzu B, Ademowo OG. Toxicity and Protective Effect of Phenolic-Enriched Ethylacetate Fraction of Ocimum gratissimum (Linn.) Leaf against Acute Inflammation and Oxidative Stress in Rats. Drug Dev Res 2018; 78:135-145. [PMID: 28608491 DOI: 10.1002/ddr.21384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2017] [Accepted: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Preclinical Research Ocimum gratissimum L. leaves have attracted considerable attention from researchers because of their medicinal value that include anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antimicrobial, and antioxidant activities. In the present study, the toxicity and the protective effect of phenolic extract of O. gratissimum leaf (EAFOg) against acute inflammation and oxidative stress in rats was assessed. EAFOg, enriched in phenols had no cytotoxic effect against CHO-k1 cells, and no lethality against brine shrimp eggs or mice at a dose of 2000 mg/kg. EAFOg (50 and 100 mg/kg) reduced paw edema by 47% and 61%, compared to 29% with the COX-2 inhibitor, SC58125 (1 mg/kg) and 81% with indomethacin (5 mg/kg), respectively. In the rat carrageenan-induced air pouch model, EAFOg reduced exudate volume, leucocyte count, nitrite, TNF-α, and myeloperoxidase activity. EAFOg also protected against carrageenan-induced lipid peroxidation and glutathione depletion. These results provide evidence of the protective effects of EAFOg against acute inflammation and oxidative stress in rats. Drug Dev Res 78 : 135-145, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abayomi M Ajayi
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Solomon Umukoro
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Benneth Ben-Azu
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Bulus Adzu
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, National Institute for Pharmaceutical Research and Development, P.M.B. 21, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Olusegun G Ademowo
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
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Ajayi AM, Ologe MO, Ben-Azu B, Okhale SE, Adzu B, Ademowo OG. Ocimum gratissimum Linn. Leaf extract inhibits free radical generation and suppressed inflammation in carrageenan-induced inflammation models in rats. J Basic Clin Physiol Pharmacol 2017; 28:531-541. [PMID: 28328528 DOI: 10.1515/jbcpp-2016-0096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2016] [Accepted: 01/14/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ocimum gratissimum leaf is used in managing rheumatism and other inflammatory conditions. In this study, we investigated the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of phenolic extract obtained by sequential methanol extraction of O. gratissimum leaves (MEOg). METHODS The methanol extract (MEOg) was obtained after sequential maceration (n-hexane, chloroform and methanol) of dried O. gratissimum leaves. The fingerprint of the extract was obtained using a high-performance liquid chromatrographic method. In vitro effects were tested by 1,1-Diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH), nitric oxide (NO) free radical scavenging, lipoxygenase, and xanthine oxidase inhibitory assays. MEOg was studied for anti-inflammatory activity in carrageenan-induced paw edema and air pouch inflammation in rats. RESULTS HPLC fingerprint of the extract shows the presence of caffeic acid, rutin, ferulic acid, apigenin, and quercetin. Antioxidant activity of MEOg revealed an IC50 value in DPPH (31.5±0.03 μg/mL) and NO assay (201.6±0.01 μg/mL), respectively. The extract demonstrated strong xanthine oxidase inhibitory and weak antilipoxygenase activities. MEOg (100 mg/kg) significantly inhibited carrageenan-induced paw edema by 43.2%. Furthermore, MEOg (50 and 100 mg/kg) significantly reduced exudate volume, leucocyte count, neutrophil infiltration, TNF-α, nitrites, myeloperoxidase, and malondialdehyde in carrageenan-induced air pouch inflammation. MEOg also elevated the glutathione levels in the inflammatory exudates. CONCLUSIONS MEOg shows potential therapeutic benefits in slowing down inflammation and oxidative stress in chronic diseases, such as arthritis.
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Adebesin A, Ajayi AM, Olonode EO, Omorogbe O, Umukoro S. Methyl Jasmonate Ameliorates Unpredictable Chronic Mild Stress-Induced Behavioral and Biochemical Alterations in Mouse Brain. Drug Dev Res 2017; 78:381-389. [DOI: 10.1002/ddr.21410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2017] [Accepted: 09/03/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Adaeze Adebesin
- Neuropharmacology Unit, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of medicine; University of Ibadan; Ibadan Nigeria
| | - Abayomi M. Ajayi
- Neuropharmacology Unit, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of medicine; University of Ibadan; Ibadan Nigeria
| | - Elizabeth O. Olonode
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences; Afe Babalola University; Ado-Ekiti Nigeria
| | - Osarume Omorogbe
- Neuropharmacology Unit, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of medicine; University of Ibadan; Ibadan Nigeria
| | - Solomon Umukoro
- Neuropharmacology Unit, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of medicine; University of Ibadan; Ibadan Nigeria
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Ajayi AM, Tanayen JK, Magomere A, Ezeonwumelu JOC. Antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects of aqueous extract of Chenopodium opulifolium schrad leaves. J Intercult Ethnopharmacol 2016. [PMID: 28163955 PMCID: PMC5289083 DOI: 10.5455/jice.20161229055924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Aim: Chenopodium opulifolium is a specie of the Chenopodiaceae commonly used as vegetables in local diet and for treating different ailment in Uganda. This study was conducted to evaluate the antioxidant, antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects of the aqueous extract of C. opulifolium leaves (AECO). Materials and Methods: The dried leaf of the plant was extracted by maceration in water. Qualitative and quantitative phytochemical analysis, antioxidants, and membrane stabilizing effects were determined in the extract. The extract was then investigated for acute toxicity, antinociceptive (writhing, hot plate and open field test), and anti-inflammatory (egg albumin-induced paw edema) effects in rodents. Results: Phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of alkaloids, tannins, phlobatannins, flavonoids, and saponins in AECO. Total caffeic acid derivatives and total flavonoids content were 91.7 mgCAE/g sample and 94.7 mgRE/g sample, respectively. AECO demonstrated antioxidant effects in both 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl and NO assays. Significant membrane stabilizing activity was observed in both the heat and hypotonic solution-induced lysis of erythrocytes. The acute toxicity test showed that AECO (5000 mg/kg) did not cause any significant change in behavior or death in rats. AECO (100-400 mg/kg) produced a significant antinociceptive effect in both the writhing and hot plate tests, but no significant reduction in the locomotory activity in mice. Furthermore, the extract significantly (P < 0.05) reduced egg albumin-induced rat paw edema by 44.2%, 44.5%, and 51.2%, respectively, after 120 min. Conclusion: The results showed that C. opulifolium extract possesses significant antioxidant, antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects, and these affirm the reasons for its folkloric use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abayomi M Ajayi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Kampala International University, Western Campus, Ishaka, Bushenyi, Uganda; Ethnopharmacology and Inflammation Unit, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Julius Khidzee Tanayen
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Kampala International University, Western Campus, Ishaka, Bushenyi, Uganda
| | - Albert Magomere
- School of Pharmacy, Kampala International University, Western Campus, Ishaka, Bushenyi, Uganda
| | - Joseph O C Ezeonwumelu
- School of Pharmacy, Kampala International University, Western Campus, Ishaka, Bushenyi, Uganda
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Alele PE, Matovu D, Imanirampa L, Ajayi AM, Kasule GT. Projection neurons in the cortex and hippocampus: differential effects of chronic khat and ethanol exposure in adult male rats. J Exp Pharmacol 2016; 8:43-52. [PMID: 27785113 PMCID: PMC5067056 DOI: 10.2147/jep.s114272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent evidence suggests that many individuals who chew khat recreationally also drink ethanol to offset the stimulating effect of khat. The objective of this study was to describe the separate and interactive effects of chronic ethanol and khat exposure on key projection neurons in the cortex and hippocampus of young adult male rats. METHODS Young adult male Sprague Dawley rats were divided into six treatment groups: 2 g/kg khat, 4 g/kg khat, 4 g/kg ethanol, combined khat and ethanol (4 g/kg each), a normal saline control, and an untreated group. Treatments were administered orally for 28 continuous days; brains were then harvested, sectioned, and routine hematoxylin-eosin staining was done. Following photomicrography, ImageJ® software captured data regarding neuron number and size. RESULTS No differences occurred in counts of both granular and pyramidal projection neurons in the motor cortex and all four subfields of the hippocampal formation. Khat dose-dependently increased pyramidal neuron size in the motor cortex and the CA3 region, but had different effects on granular neuron size in the dentate gyrus and the motor cortex. Mean pyramidal neuron size for the ethanol-only treatment was larger than that for the 2 g/kg khat group, and the saline control group, in CA3 and in the motor cortex. Concomitant khat and ethanol increased granular neuron size in the motor cortex, compared to the 2 g/kg khat group, the 4 g/kg khat group, and the 4 g/kg ethanol group. In the CA3 region, the 4 g/kg ethanol group showed a larger mean pyramidal neuron size than the combined khat and ethanol group. CONCLUSION These results suggest that concomitant khat and ethanol exposure changes granular and pyramidal projection neuron sizes differentially in the motor cortex and hippocampus, compared to the effects of chronic exposure to these two drugs separately.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Lawrence Imanirampa
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, Uganda
| | - Abayomi M Ajayi
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Gyaviira T Kasule
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, Uganda
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Umukoro S, Oluwole OG, Eduviere AT, Adrian OI, Ajayi AM. Jobelyn® exhibited anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and membrane-stabilizing activities in experimental models. J Basic Clin Physiol Pharmacol 2016; 26:501-8. [PMID: 26020554 DOI: 10.1515/jbcpp-2014-0113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2014] [Accepted: 04/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Jobelyn® (JB) is an African sorghum-based food supplement claimed to be efficacious for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Although in vitro studies confirmed its anti-inflammatory property, no study had shown the effect of JB using in vivo animal models of inflammation. Thus, its effects on acute and chronic inflammation in rats were evaluated in this study. Its effect on rat red blood cell (RBC) lysis was also assessed. METHODS Acute inflammation was induced with intraplanter injection of carrageenan and increase in rat paw volume was measured using plethysmometer. The volume of fluid exudates, number of leukocytes, concentrations of malondialdehyde (MDA), and glutathione (GSH) in the fluid were measured on day 5 after induction of chronic inflammation with carrageenan in the granuloma air pouch model. RBC lysis induced by hypotonic medium as determined by release of hemoglobin was measured spectrophotometerically. RESULTS JB (50-200 mg/kg) given orally produced a significant inhibition of acute inflammation induced by carrageenan in rats. It reduced the volume and number of leukocytes in inflammatory fluid in the granuloma air pouch model of chronic inflammation. It further decreased the levels of MDA in the fluid suggesting antioxidant property. JB elevated the concentrations of GSH in inflammatory exudates indicating free radical scavenging activity. It also significantly inhibited RBC lysis caused by hypotonic medium, suggesting membrane-stabilizing property. CONCLUSIONS JB has in vivo anti-inflammatory activity, which may be related to its antioxidant and membrane-stabilizing properties, supporting its use for the treatment of arthritic disorder.
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Sonibare MA, Onda EE, Ajayi AM, Umukoro S. In vitro antioxidant and membrane stabilization activities of the fruit extract and fractions of Tetrapleura tetraptera (Schumach & Thonn.) Taub. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.4314/jpb.v12i2.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Ajayi AM, Tanayen JK, Ezeonwumelu J, Dare S, Okwanachi A, Adzu B, Ademowo OG. Anti-inflammatory, Anti-nociceptive and Total polyphenolic Content of Hydroethanolic Extract of Ocimum gratissimum L. Leaves. Afr J Med Med Sci 2014; 43:215-224. [PMID: 26689550 PMCID: PMC4682892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Ocimum gratissimum has been reported in several ethnopharmacological surveys as a plant readily accessible to the communities and widely used with a lot of therapeutic potentials. In this study, we aimed to experimentally evaluate the anti-inflammatory effects of hydro-ethanolic extract in animal models of inflammation and nociception and membrane stabilization assay. O gratissimum leaves hydroethanolic extract was subjected to phytochemical screening and spectrophotometric quantification of polyphenolics. The extract was investigated for anti-inflammatory effects in carrageenan -induced paw oedema and cotton pellet - induced granuloma in rats. The antinociceptive effects were investigated in acetic acid -induced writhing in mice and formalin test in rats. Animals were randomly divided into groups; negative control, extract treated (200 -800 mg/kg) and indomethacin (10 mg/kg) standard reference groups. In- vitro anti-inflammatory activity was performed by testing for membrane stability in heat/hypotonic solution -induced rat erythrocytes destabilization assay. Phytochemical screening revealed presence of saponins, tannins, alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenoids, and cardenolides. Quantification of the polyphenolic content revealed the presence of appreciable quantities of phenolics and flavonoids. Carrageenan-induced paw oedema, cotton-pellet granuloma, acetic acid -induced writhing and formalin induced paw licking tests showed that hydroethanolic extract of O gratissimum possess anti-inflammatory and anti-nociceptive effects. The extract did not induce gastric lesion formation in stomach of cotton-pellet granuloma rats. The extract was more efficient at reducing membrane destabilization than indomethacin in the membrane stability assay. These results suggest that hydroethanolic extract of O gratissimum leaves exhibits anti-inflammatory and anti-nociceptive effects in the animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Ajayi
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Nigeria ; Kampala International University Complementary and Alternative Medicine Research Group, Western Campus, Ishaka, Bushenyi, Uganda
| | - J K Tanayen
- Kampala International University Complementary and Alternative Medicine Research Group, Western Campus, Ishaka, Bushenyi, Uganda
| | - Joc Ezeonwumelu
- Kampala International University Complementary and Alternative Medicine Research Group, Western Campus, Ishaka, Bushenyi, Uganda
| | - S Dare
- Kampala International University Complementary and Alternative Medicine Research Group, Western Campus, Ishaka, Bushenyi, Uganda
| | - A Okwanachi
- Kampala International University Complementary and Alternative Medicine Research Group, Western Campus, Ishaka, Bushenyi, Uganda
| | - B Adzu
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, National Institute for Pharmaceutical Research and Development, PMB 21 Abuja, Nigeria
| | - O G Ademowo
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Nigeria ; Institute for Advanced Medical Research and Training (IAMRAT), College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Nigeria
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Alele PE, Ajayi AM, Imanirampa L. Chronic khat ( Catha edulis) and alcohol marginally alter complete blood counts, clinical chemistry, and testosterone in male rats. J Exp Pharmacol 2013; 2013. [PMID: 24348075 PMCID: PMC3858587 DOI: 10.2147/jep.s46635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Khat (Catha edulis) is a recreational psychoactive drug with psychostimulant properties. While the use of this drug is widespread in eastern Africa, including the Horn of Africa, surveys and anecdotal data show that its use has become cosmopolitan, with users now living in Europe and North America as well. Recent data in Uganda suggest an increasing pattern of simultaneous khat and ethanol use particularly among young adults. However, the effects of this pattern of use remain largely unknown, even though long-term use of either drug alone is known to be harmful. The aim of this study was to examine the toxic effects of simultaneous chronic administration of khat and ethanol on hematological parameters, clinical chemistry, and testosterone in a rat model. METHODS Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to one of six dose groups: 2 g/kg khat; 4 g/kg khat; 4 g/kg ethanol; combined khat and ethanol (4 g/kg each); control; and an untreated group. Treatments were given by gavage twice daily for 28 days, followed by determination of hematological parameters, blood clinical chemistry, and testosterone. RESULTS Ethanol alone significantly reduced platelet counts compared to control-, untreated and low-dose khat-treated rats; conversely low-dose khat significantly increased both the hemoglobin and hematocrit values, while ethanol alone also significantly increased the hemoglobin value compared to controls. Simultaneous khat and ethanol administration per se did not produce more toxic consequences in chronic use than either drug alone. CONCLUSION Chronic short-term khat use and ethanol dependence individually produce note-worthy effects on the blood, but not on clinical chemistry or testosterone. Chronic short-term combined khat and ethanol use does not produce more toxic effects compared to use of either drug alone. This provides an opportunity for appropriate clinical interventions to avert the chronic long-term effects that result from use of these drugs of abuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul E Alele
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, Uganda
| | - Abayomi M Ajayi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Kampala International University - Western Campus, Bushenyi, Uganda
| | - Lawrence Imanirampa
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, Uganda
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Ezeonwumelu JOC, Matuki EK, Ajayi AM, Okoruwa AG, Tanayen JK, Adiukwu CP, Goji ADT, Dare S, Okonkwo CO, Byarugaba F. Phytochemical screening, acute toxicity and analgesic properties of aqueous extract of flueggea virosa's root in rats. Ibnosina J Med Biomed Sci 2013. [DOI: 10.4103/1947-489x.210519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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