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Ajiboye BO, Fatoki TH, Akinnusi PA, Ajuwon OR, Oyinloye BE, Jeje TO, Owolabi OV, Ogedengbe OO, Genovese C. Molecular docking, MMGBSA, and ADMET studies of phytoconstituents of Ocimum gratissimum on multiple breast cancer targets. Nat Prod Res 2024:1-9. [PMID: 38648537 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2024.2344193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
O. gratissimum is one of the most common medicinal plants in every community in Nigeria. This plant has been presumed to be useful in the management of diseases including breast cancer, which is one the commonest cancers affecting women globally. Hence, this study aimed to computationally investigate the phytochemicals present in O. gratissimum by elucidate their binding dynamics against five selected molecular targets of breast cancer and predict their pharmacokinetics properties. Molecular docking, MMGBSA calculation and ADMET prediction were used. The results showed that isovitexin has the highest binding affinity of -9.11 kcal/mol and -9.80 kcal/mol for Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2 (HER2) and Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) respectively. Rosmarinic acid has the highest binding affinity of -12.15 kcal/mol for Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), Nepetoidin A has the highest binding affinity of -9.14 kcal/mol for oestrogen receptor (ER), and Vitexin has the highest binding affinity of -12.90 kcal/mol for Progesterone receptor (PR). MMGBSA provided total binding energy that confirmed the stability of the complexes under physiological conditions. The ADMET profiles showed that O. gratissimum top phytochemicals identified would be safe for oral administration with no hepatoxicity. Overall, this study identified isovitexin, vitexin, rosmarinic acid, nepetoidin A and luteolin among others, as compounds that exhibit strong anti-cancer properties against breast cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basiru Olaitan Ajiboye
- Phytomedicine and Molecular Toxicology Research Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Federal University Oye-Ekiti, Oye-Ekiti, Nigeria
| | - Toluwase Hezekiah Fatoki
- Bioinformatics and Enzymology Research Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Federal University Oye-Ekiti, Oye-Ekiti, Nigeria
| | - Precious Ayorinde Akinnusi
- Bioinformatics and Enzymology Research Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Federal University Oye-Ekiti, Oye-Ekiti, Nigeria
| | - Olawale Rasaq Ajuwon
- Redox Biology Research Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Federal University Oye-Ekiti, Oye-Ekiti, Nigeria
| | - Babatunji Emmanuel Oyinloye
- Phytomedicine, Biochemical Toxicology and Biotechnology Research Laboratories, Department of Biochemistry, College of Sciences, Afe Babalola University, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria
- Biotechnology and Structural Biology (BSB) Group, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Zululand, KwaDlangezwa, South Africa
| | - Temitope Olawale Jeje
- Biochemical Immunology and Phytomedicine Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Federal University Oye-Ekiti, Oye-Ekiti, Nigeria
| | - Olutunmise Victoria Owolabi
- Medical Biochemistry Unit, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Afe Babalola University, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria
| | - Oluwatosin O Ogedengbe
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Federal University Oye-Ekiti, Oye-Ekiti, Nigeria
| | - Claudia Genovese
- Institute for Agriculture and Forestry Systems in the Mediterranean, Catania, Italy
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Lagnika L, Avosse SI, Bouraima FO, Sindedji CB, Dakle M, Gueret R, Fort L, Gimbert Y, Napporn TW, Zigah D, Aubouy A, Maisonhaute E. Voltammetric techniques for low-cost on-site routine analysis of thymol in the medicinal plant Ocimum gratissimum. Talanta 2024; 269:125411. [PMID: 38008023 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2023.125411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/28/2023]
Abstract
The composition of essential oils varies according to culture conditions and climate, which induces a need for simple and inexpensive characterization methods close to the place of extraction. This appears particularly important for developing countries. Herein, we develop an analytical strategy to determine the thymol content in Ocimum Gratissimum, a medicinal plant from Benin. The protocol is based on electrochemical techniques (cyclic and square wave voltammetry) implemented with a low cost potentiostat. Thymol is a phenol derivative and was directly oxidized at the electrode surface. We had to resort to submillimolar concentrations (25-300 μM) in order to minimize production of phenol oligomers that passivate the electrode. We worked first on two essential oils and realized that in one of them the thymol concentration was below our detection method. These results were confirmed by gas chromatography - mass spectrometry. Furthermore, we optimized the detection protocol to analyze an infusion made directly from the leaves of the plant. Finally, we studied whether the cost of the electrochemical cell may also be minimized by using pencil lead as working and counter electrodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Latifou Lagnika
- Laboratoire de Biochimie et Substances Naturelles Bioactives, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Université d'Abomey-Calavi, Abomey-Calavi, Benin.
| | - Solange Imelda Avosse
- Laboratoire de Biochimie et Substances Naturelles Bioactives, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Université d'Abomey-Calavi, Abomey-Calavi, Benin
| | - Faridath Oyélékan Bouraima
- Laboratoire de Biochimie et Substances Naturelles Bioactives, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Université d'Abomey-Calavi, Abomey-Calavi, Benin
| | - Candide Bidossessi Sindedji
- Laboratoire de Biochimie et Substances Naturelles Bioactives, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Université d'Abomey-Calavi, Abomey-Calavi, Benin
| | - Mathieu Dakle
- Laboratoire de Biochimie et Substances Naturelles Bioactives, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Université d'Abomey-Calavi, Abomey-Calavi, Benin
| | - Rodolphe Gueret
- Département de Chimie Moléculaire - DCM UMR 5250, CNRS/Université Grenoble Alpes, UGA, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Laure Fort
- Département de Chimie Moléculaire - DCM UMR 5250, CNRS/Université Grenoble Alpes, UGA, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Yves Gimbert
- Département de Chimie Moléculaire - DCM UMR 5250, CNRS/Université Grenoble Alpes, UGA, 38000 Grenoble, France; Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire, CNRS UMR 8232, Sorbonne Université, 4 Place Jussieu, F-75252, Paris, Cedex5, France
| | - Teko W Napporn
- Institut de Chimie des Milieux et Matériaux de Poitiers (IC2MP), Université de Poitiers, CNRS, F-86073, Poitiers, France
| | - Dodzi Zigah
- Institut de Chimie des Milieux et Matériaux de Poitiers (IC2MP), Université de Poitiers, CNRS, F-86073, Poitiers, France
| | - Agnès Aubouy
- UMR152 PHARMADEV, Toulouse University, IRD, UPS, France; Institut de Recherche Clinique du Bénin (IRCB), Abomey Calavi, Benin.
| | - Emmanuel Maisonhaute
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Laboratoire Interfaces et Systèmes Electrochimiques, 4 Place Jussieu, F-75252, Paris, Cedex5, France.
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Halayal RY, Bagewadi ZK, Maliger RB, Al Jadidi S, Deshpande SH. Network pharmacology based anti-diabetic attributes of bioactive compounds from Ocimum gratissimum L . through computational approach. Saudi J Biol Sci 2023; 30:103766. [PMID: 37588570 PMCID: PMC10425415 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2023.103766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The present research was framed to determine the key compounds present in the plant Ocimum gratissimum L. targeting protein molecules of Diabetes Mellitus (DM) by employing In-silico approaches. Phytochemicals previously reported to be present in this herb were collated through literature survey and public phytochemical databases, and their probable targets were anticipated using BindingDB (p ≥ 0.7). STRING and KEGG pathway databases were employed for pathway enrichment analysis. Homology modelling was executed to elucidate the structures of therapeutic targets. Further, Phytocompounds from O. gratissimum were subjected for docking with four therapeutic targets of DM by using AutoDock vina through POAP pipeline implementation. 30 compounds were predicted to target 136 protein molecules including aldose reductase, DPP4, alpha-amylase, and alpha-glucosidase. Neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction, MAPK, PI3K-Akt, starch and insulin resistance were predicted to have potentially modulation by phytocompounds. Based on the phytocompound's binding score with the four targets of DM, Rutin scored the lowest binding energy (-11 kcal/mol) with Aldose reductase by forming 17 intermolecular interactions. In conclusion, based on the network and binding score, phytocompounds from O. gratissimum have a synergistic and considerable effect in the management of DM via multi-compound, multi-target, and multi-pathway mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rekha Y. Halayal
- Department of Biotechnology, KLE Technological University, Hubballi, Karnataka 580031, India
| | - Zabin K. Bagewadi
- Department of Biotechnology, KLE Technological University, Hubballi, Karnataka 580031, India
| | - Raju B. Maliger
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering (MIE), University of Technology & Applied Sciences, Muscat, Oman
| | - Salim Al Jadidi
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering (MIE), University of Technology & Applied Sciences, Muscat, Oman
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Kaale LD. Comparing the effects of essential oils and methanolic extracts on the inhibition of Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus growth and production of aflatoxins. Mycotoxin Res 2023:10.1007/s12550-023-00490-6. [PMID: 37261704 DOI: 10.1007/s12550-023-00490-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 05/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The antifungal and antiaflatoxigenic effects of four distinct plant species against Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus were investigated. Essential oils and methanolic extracts were prepared from aerial parts of Lippia javanica, Ocimum gratissimum, Satureja punctata, and stem barks of Toddalia asiatica by hydro-distillation and maceration, respectively. The poisoned food method was used to confirm the antifungal activity of essential oils and methanolic extracts from four different plant species against Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus, and high-performance liquid chromatography was used to quantify the antiaflatoxigenic activity. The essential oils of Satureja punctata and Lippia javanica showed the highest antiaflatoxigenic activity against the fungi strains tested at concentrations of 1.25, 2.5, and 5 µL/mL, followed by Ocimum gratissimum essential oil while Toddalia asiatica essential oil exerted moderate antiaflatoxigenic activity. Meanwhile, the methanolic extracts showed a wide spectrum of low to high antifungal and antiaflatoxigenic activities at concentrations of 125, 250, and 500 µg/mL against A. flavus and A. parasiticus. This study has indicated that the essential oils of Satureja punctate, Lippia javanica, and Ocimum gratissimum had substantial antifungal and antiaflatoxigenic activities compared to their methanolic extracts, while Toddalia asiatica methanolic extract had a moderate antifungal activity compared to its essential oil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilian D Kaale
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Dar es Salaam, P. O. Box 35134, Dares Salaam, Tanzania.
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Varghese RM, Aravind Kumar S, Rajeshkumar S. Antibacterial activity of herbal formulation against common oral pathogens. Bioinformation 2023; 19:663-669. [PMID: 37886146 PMCID: PMC10599676 DOI: 10.6026/97320630019663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of antibiotic resistance in microorganisms is a global challenge for the clinicians, pharmacist and research scientists leading to the development of new medicinal formulations that are effective and easily consumable. The plant yielding essential oil with chief constituent as eugenol has been identified as an important compound with strong inhibition of bacteria, and storage fungi. Ocimum gratissimum and Ocimum sanctum is an aromatic shrub occurring in warm tropical regions has been used in traditional medicine in India to cure various ailments in general and as an antimicrobial agent in particular. The aim of this present study is to assess the antimicrobial and cytoxic activity of the formulation against oral pathogens. The formulation of O. gratissimum and O. sanctum plant extract was prepared and filtered. Antimicrobial activity was done by agar well diffusion method, minimum inhibitory concentration assessment was determined by broth dilution method and cytotoxicity was assessed by brine shrimp lethality assay. Agar well diffusion method against S. mutans, Enterococcus faecalis, C. albicans, Lactobacillus sp, and S. aureus revealed no zone of inhibition but at 100µL concentration at every time interval, the study formulation showed more bacteriostatic activity than positive control and the standard used. The formulation showed very minimal cytotoxicity. The formulation of O. gratissimum and O. sanctum synergistically showed more antibacterial, antifungal and cytotoxic activity and more research has to be done in invivo environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Remmiya Mary Varghese
- Department of Orthodontics, Saveetha Dental College and
Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Science, Saveetha
University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu
| | - Subramanian Aravind Kumar
- Department of Orthodontics, Saveetha Dental College and
Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Science, Saveetha
University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu
| | - S Rajeshkumar
- Department of Orthodontics, Saveetha Dental College and
Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Science, Saveetha
University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu
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Ali MS, Hashmi A, Joseph N. New secondary metabolites and volatile constituents from the leaves of Ocimum gratissimum Linn. Nat Prod Res 2023:1-7. [PMID: 37067231 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2023.2200943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/18/2023]
Abstract
The phytochemical investigation on the ethanolic extract of the leaves of Ocimum gratissimum (syn. O. viride) has led to the isolation of a new alkaloid, diazovirid or 1,1'-(diazeno1,2-diyl) bis (ethane-1,2-diol) (1) and 2-hydroxy-D-glucal or (2 R, 3S, 4S)-2-(hydroxymethyl)-3,4-dihydro-2H-pyran-3,4,5-triol (2), reported for the first time as a natural product. Their structures were determined by spectroscopic analyses. The volatile constituents have also been studied by GC-FID and GC-MS leading to the characterization of compounds 3-18, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Shaiq Ali
- H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Almas Hashmi
- H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Ngoupayo Joseph
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yaounde 1, Cameroon, Africa
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Adelakun SA, Ogunlade B, Akintunde OW, Omilachi VO. Long-term exposure to cimetidine induced gonado-toxicity in male rats: Modulating role of Ocimum gratissimum. Rev Int Androl 2022; 20 Suppl 1:S2-S16. [PMID: 35101366 DOI: 10.1016/j.androl.2020.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Revised: 08/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Available evidence suggests that cimetidine is a reproductive toxicant that induces sexual and testicular dysfunction. Ocimum gratissimum (OG) is globally consumed for medicinal and nutritional purposes. To determine the modulating role of aqueous leaf extract of Ocimum gratissimum on cimetidine-induced gonado-toxicity, sexually mature male rats were randomized into four groups of six (n=6) rats each. Group A: control given 2ml distilled water. Group B received 500mg/kg body weight (bwt) of OG extract, Group C received 50mg/kg bwt cimetidine, and group D received 50mg/kg bwt of cimetidine+500mg/kg bwt OG extract once daily for 8 weeks via gastric gavage. Parameters tested include sperm parameters, testosterone (TT), luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and prolactin, testicular alkaline phosphatase (ALP), acid phosphatase (ACP), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), protein, cholesterol, glycogen, sexual behavioural parameters, and testicular histology. RESULTS There were depletions in the seminiferous epithelium, decreased sperm quality, TT, LH, and FSH, testicular enzymes, protein, cholesterol, glycogen, and sexual behaviour increase in animals treated with cimetidine only compared to control. OG restored and improved sexual behaviour and libido as evident from increased frequencies of mount, intromission, ejaculation, and ejaculatory latency. Mount latencies, intromission, post-ejaculation, and prolactin were significantly decreased. The significantly decreased testicular activities of ALP, ACP, LDH and protein, cholesterol, glycogen concentrations, TT, LH and FSH were increased by OG administration. CONCLUSION Ocimum gratissimum attenuated the deleterious effects of cimetidine on the testis, protected the seminiferous epithelium, restored, and boosted sexual competence, and promoted spermatogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunday Aderemi Adelakun
- Department of Human Anatomy, School of Health and Health Technology, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria; Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Nigeria.
| | - Babatunde Ogunlade
- Department of Human Anatomy, School of Health and Health Technology, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria
| | - Olalekan Wasiu Akintunde
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Nigeria
| | - Victoria Ojima Omilachi
- Department of Human Anatomy, School of Health and Health Technology, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria
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Shittu STT, Lasisi TJ, Shittu SAS, Adeyemi A, Adeoye TJ, Alada AA. Ocimum gratissimum enhances insulin sensitivity in male Wistar rats with dexamethasone-induced insulin resistance. J Diabetes Metab Disord 2021; 20:1257-1267. [PMID: 34900777 DOI: 10.1007/s40200-021-00850-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Purpose The antidiabetic activities of Ocimum gratissimum (OG) leaf extract are well documented in experimental diabetes induced by beta cell destruction resulting in hypoinsulinemia. There is however paucity of data on its effect in conditions characterized by hyperinsulinemia. This study therefore investigated the effect of OG on insulin resistance induced by dexamethasone in male Wistar rats. Method Twenty male Wistar rats grouped as control, normal + OG, Dex and Dex + OG were used. Control and normal + OG received normal saline while Dex and Dex + OG received dexamethasone (1 mg/kg, i.p) followed by distilled water or OG (400 mg/kg) for 10 days. Levels of fasting blood glucose (FBG), insulin, HOMA-IR, liver and muscle glycogen, hexokinase activities, hepatic HMG CoA reductase activity were obtained. Histopathology of pancreas and liver tissues was carried out using standard procedures. Results Body weight reduced significantly in the Dex and Dex + OG groups compared with the control. FBG (147.8 ± 9.93 mg/dL), insulin (2.98 ± 0.49 µIU/ml) and HOMA-IR (1.11 ± 0.22) of Dex animals were higher than the control (FBG = 89.22 ± 6.53 mg/dL; insulin = 1.70 ± 0.49 µIU/ml; HOMA-IR = 0.37 ± 0.04). These were significantly reduced in the Dex + OG (FBG = 115.31 ± 5.93 mg/dL; insulin = 1.85 ± 0.11µIU/ml; HOMA-IR = 0.53 ± 0.08) compared with Dex. Glycogen content and hexokinase activities were increased in the Dex + OG. Increased pancreatic islet size, hepatic steatosis and HMG Co A reductase activity were observed in the Dex but reduced in Dex + OG. Conclusion OG promotes cellular glucose utilization and reduces hepatic fat accumulation in Wistar rats with insulin resistance induced by dexamethasone. Further study to identify the involved signal transduction will throw more light on the observed effects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Taye Jemilat Lasisi
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | | | - Adeyinka Adeyemi
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Tolulope James Adeoye
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
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Ugbogu OC, Emmanuel O, Agi GO, Ibe C, Ekweogu CN, Ude VC, Uche ME, Nnanna RO, Ugbogu EA. A review on the traditional uses, phytochemistry, and pharmacological activities of clove basil ( Ocimum gratissimum L.). Heliyon 2021; 7:e08404. [PMID: 34901489 PMCID: PMC8642617 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e08404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
In traditional medicine, Ocimum gratissimum (clove basil) is used in the treatment of various diseases such as diabetes, cancer, inflammation, anaemia, diarrhoea, pains, and fungal and bacterial infections. The present study reviewed the phytochemicals, essential oils, and pharmacological activities of O. gratissimum. The bioactive compounds extracted from O. gratissimum include phytochemicals (oleanolic acid, caffeic acid, ellagic acid, epicatechin, sinapic acid, rosmarinic acid, chlorogenic acid, luteolin, apigenin, nepetoidin, xanthomicrol, nevadensin, salvigenin, gallic acid, catechin, quercetin, rutin, and kaempfero) and essential oils (camphene, β-caryophyllene, α- and β-pinene, α-humulene, sabinene, β-myrcene, limonene, 1,8-cineole, trans-β-ocimene, linalool, α- and δ-terpineol, eugenol, α-copaene, β-elemene, p-cymene, thymol, and carvacrol). Various in vivo and in vitro studies have shown that O. gratissimum and its bioactive constituents possess pharmacological properties such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, hepatoprotective, antidiabetic, antihypertensive, antidiarrhoeal, and antimicrobial properties. This review demonstrated that O. gratissimum has a strong preventive and therapeutic effect against several diseases. The effectiveness of O. gratissimum to ameliorate various diseases may be attributed to its antimicrobial and antioxidant properties as well as its capacity to improve the antioxidant systems. However, despite the widespread pharmacological activities of O. gratissimum, further experiments in human clinical trial studies are needed to establish effective and safe doses for the treatment of various diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Okezie Emmanuel
- Department of Biochemistry, Abia State University, PMB 2000, Uturu, Abia State, Nigeria
| | - Grace Oka Agi
- Department of Human Nutrition and Dietetics, University of Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Chibuike Ibe
- Department of Microbiology, Abia State University, Uturu, PMB 2000, Uturu, Abia State, Nigeria
| | - Celestine Nwabu Ekweogu
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Imo State University, PMB 2000, Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria
| | - Victor Chibueze Ude
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, College of Medicine Enugu State University of Science and Technology, PMB 01660, Enugu, Nigeria
| | - Miracle Ebubechi Uche
- Department of Biochemistry, Abia State University, PMB 2000, Uturu, Abia State, Nigeria
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Awwad A, Poucheret P, Idres YA, Tshibangu DST, Servent A, Ferrare K, Lazennec F, Bidel LPR, Cazals G, Tousch D. In Vitro Tests for a Rapid Evaluation of Antidiabetic Potential of Plant Species Containing Caffeic Acid Derivatives: A Validation by Two Well-Known Antidiabetic Plants, Ocimum gratissimum L. Leaf and Musanga cecropioides R. Br. ex Tedlie (Mu) Stem Bark. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26185566. [PMID: 34577036 PMCID: PMC8465390 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26185566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant bioactive extracts represent a major resource for identifying drugs and adjuvant therapy for type 2 diabetes. To promote early screening of plants’ antidiabetic potential, we designed a four in vitro tests strategy to anticipate in vivo bioactivity. Two antidiabetic plants were studied: Ocimum gratissimum L. (Oc) leaf extract and Musanga cecropoides R. Br. ex Tedlie (Mu) stem bark extract. Chemical compositions were analyzed by LCMS and HPLC. Antidiabetic properties were measured based on (1) INS-1 cells for insulin secretion, (2) L6 myoblast cells for insulin sensitization (Glut-4 translocation), (3) L6 myoblast cells for protection against hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) oxidative stress (cell mortality), and (4) liver microsomial fraction for glucose-6-phosphastase activity (G6P). Oc extract increased insulin secretion and insulin sensitivity, whereas it decreased oxidative stress-induced cell mortality and G6P activity. Mu extract decreased insulin secretion and had no effect on insulin sensitivity or G6P activity, but it increased oxidative stress-induced cell mortality. Results were compared with NCRAE, an antidiabetic plant extract used as reference, previously characterized and reported with increased insulin secretion and insulin sensitivity, protection against oxidative stress, and decreased G6P activity. The proposed set of four in vitro tests combined with chemical analysis provided insight into the interest in rapid early screening of plant extract antidiabetic potential to anticipate pharmaco-toxicological in vivo effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulmomem Awwad
- Qualisud, University Montpellier, CIRAD, Institut Agro, Avignon Université, University de La Réunion, 34090 Montpellier, France; (A.A.); (Y.A.I.); (A.S.); (K.F.); (F.L.); (D.T.)
| | - Patrick Poucheret
- Qualisud, University Montpellier, CIRAD, Institut Agro, Avignon Université, University de La Réunion, 34090 Montpellier, France; (A.A.); (Y.A.I.); (A.S.); (K.F.); (F.L.); (D.T.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-4-11-75-95-07
| | - Yanis A. Idres
- Qualisud, University Montpellier, CIRAD, Institut Agro, Avignon Université, University de La Réunion, 34090 Montpellier, France; (A.A.); (Y.A.I.); (A.S.); (K.F.); (F.L.); (D.T.)
| | - Damien S. T. Tshibangu
- Laboratory of Natural Substances and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa 190 Kinshasa XI, Democratic Republic of the Congo;
| | - Adrien Servent
- Qualisud, University Montpellier, CIRAD, Institut Agro, Avignon Université, University de La Réunion, 34090 Montpellier, France; (A.A.); (Y.A.I.); (A.S.); (K.F.); (F.L.); (D.T.)
| | - Karine Ferrare
- Qualisud, University Montpellier, CIRAD, Institut Agro, Avignon Université, University de La Réunion, 34090 Montpellier, France; (A.A.); (Y.A.I.); (A.S.); (K.F.); (F.L.); (D.T.)
| | - Françoise Lazennec
- Qualisud, University Montpellier, CIRAD, Institut Agro, Avignon Université, University de La Réunion, 34090 Montpellier, France; (A.A.); (Y.A.I.); (A.S.); (K.F.); (F.L.); (D.T.)
| | - Luc P. R. Bidel
- INRA, UMR AGAP, CIRAD, SupAgro, 2 Place Pierre Viala, 34060 Montpellier, France;
| | - Guillaume Cazals
- Guillaume Cazals, University Montpellier, IBMM UMR5247, CNRS, ENSCM, Place Eugène Bataillon, CEDEX 5, 34095 Montpellier, France;
| | - Didier Tousch
- Qualisud, University Montpellier, CIRAD, Institut Agro, Avignon Université, University de La Réunion, 34090 Montpellier, France; (A.A.); (Y.A.I.); (A.S.); (K.F.); (F.L.); (D.T.)
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Kobenan KC, Bini KKN, Kouakou M, Kouadio IS, Zengin G, Ochou GEC, Boka NRK, Menozzi P, Ochou OG, Dick AE. Chemical Composition and Spectrum of Insecticidal Activity of the Essential Oils of Ocimum gratissimum L. and Cymbopogon citratus Stapf on the Main Insects of the Cotton Entomofauna in Côte d'Ivoire. Chem Biodivers 2021; 18:e2100497. [PMID: 34453396 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202100497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Among the alternatives to environmentally toxic and socio-economically unacceptable chemical pesticides, essential oils from Ocimum gratissimum and Cymbopogon citratus were tested on the main pests and beneficial insects of the cotton plant in Côte d'Ivoire. After extraction and chemical analysis of the essential oils, field trials were carried out using a Fisher block system with three treatment repetitions where their effects compared with those of a registered synthetic insecticide (IBIS A 52 EC). Foliar applications of the products were carried out in accordance with the cotton plant protection extension programme in Côte d'Ivoire from the 45th to the 115th day after plant emergence, with one application every fortnight. Twenty-three and forty compounds representing about 96 and 99 % of the oil composition of O. gratissimum and C. citratus respectively were elucidated. The most abundant compounds were p-cymene and thymol (O. gratissimum) and myrcene, neral and geranial (C. citratus). The essential oil of O. gratissimum at concentrations of 2 and 5 % showed insecticidal activity on all pests (biting-sucking and carpophagous), except the phyllophagous Syllepte derogata. C. citratus, at a low concentration (1 %), was particularly toxic to whiteflies (Bemisia tabaci), however, it favoured the action of beneficial insects, specifically black ants and ladybirds in the cotton plots, unlike the chemical product. EO of O. gratissimum (1.60 and 4.62 mg GALAE/g, respectively) and C. citratus (2.26 and 2.78 mg GALAE, respectively) exhibited also significant acetyl and butyryl cholinesterase inhibitors. Insecticide formulations based on the essential oils of O. gratissimum and C. citratus offer favourable prospects for their use in cotton cultivation as an alternative to chemical pesticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koffi Christophe Kobenan
- Félix Houphouët-Boigny University (UFHB), UFR Biosciences, Laboratory of Biotechnology, Agricultural and Biological Resources Valorisation, 22 BP 582, Abidjan, 22, Côte d'Ivoire.,National Center of Agronomic Research (CNRA), Cotton Research Station, Laboratory of Entomology, 01 BP 633 Bouaké 01, Côte d'Ivoire
| | - Kouadio Kra Norbert Bini
- National Center of Agronomic Research (CNRA), Cotton Research Station, Laboratory of Entomology, 01 BP 633 Bouaké 01, Côte d'Ivoire
| | - Malanno Kouakou
- National Center of Agronomic Research (CNRA), Cotton Research Station, Laboratory of Entomology, 01 BP 633 Bouaké 01, Côte d'Ivoire
| | - Ibrahime Sinan Kouadio
- Physiology and Biochemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Biology, Science Faculty, Selcuk University, Campus, Konya, Turkey
| | - Gokhan Zengin
- Physiology and Biochemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Biology, Science Faculty, Selcuk University, Campus, Konya, Turkey
| | - Germain Elisabeth Cynthia Ochou
- National Center of Agronomic Research (CNRA), Cotton Research Station, Laboratory of Entomology, 01 BP 633 Bouaké 01, Côte d'Ivoire
| | - Nina Reine Kosso Boka
- Félix Houphouët-Boigny University (UFHB), UFR Biosciences, Laboratory of Biotechnology, Agricultural and Biological Resources Valorisation, 22 BP 582, Abidjan, 22, Côte d'Ivoire
| | - Philippe Menozzi
- National Center of Agronomic Research (CNRA), Cotton Research Station, Laboratory of Entomology, 01 BP 633 Bouaké 01, Côte d'Ivoire.,Agricultural Research Center for International Development (CIRAD), Research Unit 115 AIDA (Agroecology and Sustainable Intensification of Annual Crops) -, France
| | - Ochou Germain Ochou
- National Center of Agronomic Research (CNRA), Cotton Research Station, Laboratory of Entomology, 01 BP 633 Bouaké 01, Côte d'Ivoire
| | - Acka Emmanuel Dick
- Félix Houphouët-Boigny University (UFHB), UFR Biosciences, Laboratory of Biotechnology, Agricultural and Biological Resources Valorisation, 22 BP 582, Abidjan, 22, Côte d'Ivoire
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12
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Ekpiken EE, Eyong OI, Mofunanya AAJ, Owolabi AT, Arogundade O. First report of Cucumber mosaic virus infecting Ocimum gratissimum (L.) in Calabar, Cross River State, Nigeria. Virusdisease 2021; 32:375-7. [PMID: 34423102 DOI: 10.1007/s13337-021-00662-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Leaf samples of Ocimum gratissimum (L.) exhibiting vein banding, mosaic and chlorotic spots were collected randomly from the field. The symptomatic samples reacted positively to specific CMV antibody in antigen coated plate enzyme linked immunosorbent assay and to confirm the presence of CMV, RT-PCR was performed using CMV-specific primers that amplify a 519 bp region from the viral coat protein gene. The expected amplicon shared homology of 97.06% with a Nigerian isolate MH178110. Phylogenetic tree constructed revealed the isolate in close association with CMV strains belonging to subgroup II. This is the first molecular evidence of CMV in O. gratissimum in Nigeria and adds to the list of natural host for the virus.
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Silva Leandro MKDN, Rocha JE, Bezerra CF, Freitas PR, Feitosa JHF, Bezerra VB, Barros RDO, Leandro LMG, Aguiar JJDS, Pereira PS, Christofoli M, Ribeiro-Filho J, Iriti M, Coutinho HDM, Matias EFF. Modulation of antibiotic resistance by the essential oil of Ocimum gratissimum L. in association with light-emitting diodes (LED) lights. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 75:377-387. [PMID: 32628640 DOI: 10.1515/znc-2020-0034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the antibacterial and antibiotic-enhancing effects of the essential oil obtained from Ocimum gratissimum L. (OEOg) alone or in association with light-emitting diodes (LED) lights. The essential oil was obtained by hydrodistillation and its chemical composition analysed by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. The antibacterial and antibiotic-enhancing activities against multiresistant strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli were evaluated by the gaseous contact method. The analysis of the photoinductive effect on the antibacterial activity of the OEOg and antibiotics was assessed through exposure to different LED lights (red, blue and yellow). The phytochemical analysis identified five compounds, including eugenol, as the major constituent. The OEOg caused a significant inhibition of the halo, indicating a direct antibacterial effect. Exposure to the LED lights significantly enhanced the activity of the OEOg against E. coli. On the other hand, the action of the essential oil against S. aureus was enhanced by exposure to both blue and yellow lights. The effects of LED light exposure on the activity of conventional antibiotics varied significantly according to the drug and the bacterial strain. However, most combinations of LED lights and the OEOg presented synergistic effects against resistant bacterial strains, indicating enhanced antibacterial activity. Thus, these in vitro findings suggest that both OEOg and LED lights have promising antibacterial effects. Nevertheless, further research is required to evaluate in vivo the potential of these therapies for the treatment of infectious skin diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Karollyna do N Silva Leandro
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Molecular Biology - LMBM, Regional University of Cariri- URCA, Crato, Ceara, Brazil.,Leão Sampaio University Center - Unileão, Juazeiro do Norte, Ceara, Brazil
| | - Janaína E Rocha
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Molecular Biology - LMBM, Regional University of Cariri- URCA, Crato, Ceara, Brazil
| | - Camila F Bezerra
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Molecular Biology - LMBM, Regional University of Cariri- URCA, Crato, Ceara, Brazil
| | - Priscilla R Freitas
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Molecular Biology - LMBM, Regional University of Cariri- URCA, Crato, Ceara, Brazil
| | | | - Viviane B Bezerra
- Leão Sampaio University Center - Unileão, Juazeiro do Norte, Ceara, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Paulo S Pereira
- Goiano Federal Institute - IFGOIANO - Campus Rio Verde, Rio Verde, Goias, Brazil
| | - Marcela Christofoli
- Postgraduate Program in Biotechnology and Biodiversity - Rede Pro-Centro Oeste - UFG, Goiania, Goias, Brazil
| | - Jaime Ribeiro-Filho
- Gonçalo Moniz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (IGM-FIOCRUZ/BA), Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Marcello Iriti
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Milan State University, Milan, Italy
| | - Henrique Douglas M Coutinho
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Molecular Biology - LMBM, Regional University of Cariri- URCA, Crato, Ceara, Brazil
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Akara EU, Emmanuel O, Ude VC, Uche-Ikonne C, Eke G, Ugbogu EA. Ocimum gratissimum leaf extract ameliorates phenylhydrazine-induced anaemia and toxicity in Wistar rats. Drug Metab Pers Ther 2021; 0:dmdi-2020-0185. [PMID: 33831984 DOI: 10.1515/dmdi-2020-0185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Ocimum gratissimum L. is used in traditional medicine for the treatment of bacterial infections and anaemia. This study was designed to evaluate the effect of O. gratissimum leaf extract on phenylhydrazine (PHZ)-induced anaemia and toxicity in rats. METHODS The experimental rats were divided into five groups (A-E) (n=6/sex/group). Each rat in groups B-E was intraperitoneally administered 50 mg/kg of PHZ for two consecutive days. Group A (normal control) did not receive any PHZ, group B (negative control), group C received orally 5 mg/kg ferrous sulphate whereas groups D and E received 200 and 400 mg/kg O. gratissimum leaf extract respectively, for 14 days. RESULTS Red blood cell count, packed cell volume, haemoglobin concentration and high-density lipoprotein increased significantly (p<0.05) whereas low-density lipoprotein and very-low-density lipoprotein decreased in extract-treated groups when compared to the negative control. O. gratissimum (400 mg/kg extract) and standard drug (5 mg/kg ferrous sulphate) significantly (p<0.05) reduced the levels of aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, and alkaline phosphatase. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study indicate that O. gratissimum leaf extract has a restorative effect on the phenylhydrazine-induced metabolic distortions in the blood, liver, and kidney, and therefore could be used therapeutically as an anti-anaemic tonic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel U Akara
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Abia State University, Uturu, Abia, Nigeria
| | - Okezie Emmanuel
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Abia State University, Uturu, Abia, Nigeria
| | - Victor C Ude
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Abia State University, Uturu, Abia, Nigeria
| | - Chikezie Uche-Ikonne
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Abia State University, Uturu, Abia, Nigeria
| | - Godswill Eke
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Abia State University, Uturu, Abia, Nigeria
| | - Eziuche Amadike Ugbogu
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Abia State University, Uturu, Abia, Nigeria
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Dzoyem JP, Nganteng DND, Melong R, Wafo P, Ngadjui B, Allémann E, Delie F. Bioguided identification of pentacyclic triterpenoids as anti-inflammatory bioactive constituents of Ocimum gratissimum extract. J Ethnopharmacol 2021; 268:113637. [PMID: 33264661 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.113637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Revised: 11/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Ocimum gratissimum is a plant spice widely used in African traditional medicine to treat pain-related conditions. However, the anti-inflammatory mechanisms underlying this activity and the main active ingredients in O. gratissimum have not yet been fully characterized. AIM OF THE STUDY To isolate and identify the main anti-inflammatory active constituents of Ocimum gratissimum extract and their underlying mechanisms in murine macrophages. MATERIAL AND METHODS Chromatographic techniques and spectroscopic data were used for compounds isolation and identification. Inflammatory conditions were produced in cultured RAW 264.7 macrophage cells by the application of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The WST-1 assay was used to evaluate the cell viability, and the nitric oxide production was quantified by the Griess reagent method. The fluorometric cyclooxygenase (COX) activity assay kit was used to assess the activity of COX-1 and COX-2 enzymes. The levels of IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, and IL-10 cytokines and the apoptosis-inducing effect were measured by flow cytometer using the cytometric Bead Array (CBA) Human Th1/Th2 Cytokine Kit II and FITC Annexin V Apoptosis Detection kit, respectively. RESULTS The results showed that the extract and fractions of Ocimum gratissimum inhibit nitric oxide production and the proliferation of Raw 264.7 macrophage cells. The bioguided fractionation led to the identification of pentacyclic triterpenes as anti-inflammatory bioactive compounds. Pomolic and tormentic acids being the most active, inhibiting the secretion of IFN-γ cytokine, COX enzyme, and inducing apoptosis in activated Raw 264.7 macrophage cells. CONCLUSIONS This study revealed that pomolic and tormentic acids are the main active principles responsible at least in part for the anti-inflammatory effect of the extract of Ocimum gratissimum. Besides of providing more evidence for the traditional use of Ocimum gratissimum against inflammatory disorders, this study reveals the multitarget potential of pomolic and tormentic acids as promising future drugs against inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean Paul Dzoyem
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, P. O. Box 67, Dschang, Cameroon; Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, Rue Michel-Servet 1, 1211, Geneva, Switzerland; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, Rue Michel-Servet 1, 1211, Geneva, Switzerland.
| | - Dieu Ne Dort Nganteng
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Yaoundé I., P.O. Box 812, Yaoundé, Cameroon.
| | - Raduis Melong
- Department of Fundamental Science, Higher Technical Teacher Training College, University of Bamenda, P.O. Box. 39, Bambili, Cameroon.
| | - Pascal Wafo
- Department of Chemistry, Higher Teachers' Training College, University of Yaoundé I., P.O. Box 47, Yaoundé, Cameroon.
| | - Bonaventure Ngadjui
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Yaoundé I., P.O. Box 812, Yaoundé, Cameroon.
| | - Eric Allémann
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, Rue Michel-Servet 1, 1211, Geneva, Switzerland; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, Rue Michel-Servet 1, 1211, Geneva, Switzerland.
| | - Florence Delie
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, Rue Michel-Servet 1, 1211, Geneva, Switzerland; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, Rue Michel-Servet 1, 1211, Geneva, Switzerland.
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Balaji R, Ravichandiran K, Tanuja, Parani M. The complete chloroplast genome of Ocimum gratissimum from India - a medicinal plant in the Lamiaceae. Mitochondrial DNA B Resour 2021; 6:948-950. [PMID: 33796694 PMCID: PMC7996081 DOI: 10.1080/23802359.2021.1889413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Ocimum gratissimum L. is an important medicinal species with several therapeutic applications. It is used in traditional medicine as a single drug and in formulations. We generated the complete chloroplast genome sequence of O. gratissimum by using Illumina paired-end sequencing data. The O. gratissimum chloroplast genome is 152,469 bp in length, containing a large single copy (LSC) region of 83,614 bp and a small single copy region (SSC) of 17,607 bp, separated by a pair of inverted repeats (IRs) of 25,624 bp. The genome contains 138 unique genes, including 85 protein-coding, 45 tRNA, and eight rRNA genes. Among them, six genes have one intron each, and two genes contain two introns. The overall GC content of the chloroplast genome is 37.8%, while the corresponding values of LSC, SSC, and IR regions are 35.6%, 31.7%, and 43.2%, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis with the complete chloroplast genomes of other related species revealed that O. gratissimum is fully resolved in a clade with other Ocimum species classified to the family Lamiaceae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raju Balaji
- Center for DNA Barcoding, Department of Genetic Engineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, India
| | - Kumar Ravichandiran
- Center for DNA Barcoding, Department of Genetic Engineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, India
| | - Tanuja
- Center for DNA Barcoding, Department of Genetic Engineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, India
| | - Madasamy Parani
- Center for DNA Barcoding, Department of Genetic Engineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, India
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Oyem JC, Chris-Ozoko LE, Enaohwo MT, Otabor FO, Okudayo VA, Udi OA. Antioxidative properties of Ocimum gratissimum alters Lead acetate induced oxidative damage in lymphoid tissues and hematological parameters of adult Wistar rats. Toxicol Rep 2021; 8:215-222. [PMID: 33511038 PMCID: PMC7817492 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2021.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic lead toxicity was induced in male rats by oral administration of lead acetate. Effect of Ocimum gratissimum in lead acetate toxicity on spleen, thymus, and blood. Oral lead acetate administration led to oxidative damage in spleen, thymus and blood. Ocimum gratissimum extract reversed oxidative stress and enhanced antioxidant enzymes. Ocimum gratissimum averts lead acetate-induced toxicity in the blood, thymus and spleen.
Lead exposure is a well-known environmental hazard. Its accumulation in humans may pose a danger to health. The present study investigated the beneficial effect of Ocimum gratissimum extract (OG) in reducing lead acetate (LA) induced oxidative damage in the spleen, thymus, and hematological indices. We employed an in vivo model of LA induced Wistar rats and administered 125 mg/kg/bw and 250 mg/kg/bw of OG extracts respectively. Our control groups were divided into 2; the first group received normal saline, feed, and water while the second group was administered OG extracts only. We assessed the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT) in the thymus and spleen and estimated percentages of blood cells. Our results showed that LA induces oxidative damage by significantly elevating MDA and diminishing GSH levels, SOD, and CAT activities. LA administration led to a significant decline in blood parameters. However, co-administration with OG compensated oxidative stress by significantly reducing MDA, increasing GSH, SOD, and CAT. Oral administration of OG to rats attenuated anemia, thrombocytopenia, leucocytosis, eosinophilia, monocytosis, and neutropenia induced by LA. The present study indicates that LA induced Spleen, thymus, and blood toxicity, which was reversed by oral OG administration.
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Key Words
- Antioxidation
- BW, Bodyweight
- CAT, Catalase
- GSH, Glutathione
- H2O2, Hydrogen peroxide
- Hb, Hemaglobin
- LA, Lead Acetate
- Lead acetate
- MDA, malondialdehyde
- OG, Ocimum gratissimum
- Ocimum gratissimum
- Oxidative stress
- RBC, Red Blood Cell
- ROS, Reactive Oxygen Species
- SOD, Superoxide Dismustase
- Spleen
- Thymus
- WBC, White Blood Cell
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Affiliation(s)
- John Chukwuma Oyem
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Delta State University, Abraka, Nigeria
| | - Lilian Ebite Chris-Ozoko
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Delta State University, Abraka, Nigeria
| | - Mamerhi Taniyohwo Enaohwo
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Delta State University, Abraka, Nigeria
| | - Francisca Osamahemwem Otabor
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Delta State University, Abraka, Nigeria
| | - Vera Anieze Okudayo
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Delta State University, Abraka, Nigeria
| | - Onoriode Andrew Udi
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences (Anatomy Unit), College of Natural and Applied Sciences, Achievers University Owo, Ondo State, Nigeria
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Enyievi PB, Mgbeje BIA, Nja GME, Edu BC, Ejemot-Nwadiaro RI. Effect of <i> Ocimum gratissimum</i> Leaf-extract on Hematological Indices and Lipid Profile of Streptozotocin-induced Diabetic Wistar Rats. Pak J Biol Sci 2020; 23:1523-1529. [PMID: 33274884 DOI: 10.3923/pjbs.2020.1523.1529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Ocimum gratissimum (OG) has been used in ethnopharmacology for the treatment of diabetes. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of Ocimum gratissimum leaf-extract on hematological indices and lipid profile of Streptozotocin-induced diabetic Wistar rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS Twenty-four rats weighing 100-160 g were randomly assigned to four treatment groups, the normal and diabetic controls, received a placebo treatment, while groups three and four were administered glibenclamide and OG leaf-extract (400 mg kg-1 b.wt.), respectively. The extracts were administered twice daily for 28 days. The rats were sacrificed and whole blood was collected for hematological and serum lipid profile assays. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA. RESULTS Diabetes induction resulted in decreases (p<0.05) in Red Blood Cell (RBC), Hemoglobin (Hb), White Blood Cell (WBC) and increases in Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin and Blood platelets compared to the normal control. Treatment with O. gratissimum extract reversed RBC (7.74±0.39 μL), WBC (16.57±3.02) and Platelet (804.33±194.02) levels, but not Hb, towards normal levels (7.99±0.04, 11.27±0.69, 839.67±10.17 respectively). Diabetes induction also resulted in increases (p<0.05) in Triglyceride (TG) and Very-Low-Density Lipoprotein (VLDL), decreases (p<0.05) in High-Density Lipoprotein (HDL) and Low-Density Lipoprotein (LDL) compared to normal control with no significant change in Total Cholesterol (TC). After administration with Ocimum gratissimum TC, LDL and VLDL and HDL levels were significantly (p<0.05) reduced relative to the diabetic control. TG was however increased relative to the diabetic control. CONCLUSION Overall, data suggests the plant holds great potential in amelioration of diabetes-induced dyslipidemia and hematological disorders.
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Mollel HG, Ndunguru J, Sseruwagi P, Alicai T, Colvin J, Navas-Castillo J, Fiallo-Olivé E. African Basil ( Ocimum gratissimum) Is a Reservoir of Divergent Begomoviruses in Uganda. Plant Dis 2020; 104:853-859. [PMID: 31910114 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-08-19-1675-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Begomoviruses are plant viruses that cause major losses to many economically important crops. Although they are poorly understood, begomoviruses infecting wild plants may have an important role as reservoirs in the epidemiology of viral diseases. This study reports the discovery and genomic characterization of three novel bipartite begomoviruses from wild and cultivated African basil (Ocimum gratissimum) plants collected in Uganda, East Africa. Based on the symptoms shown by the infected plants, the names proposed for these viruses are Ocimum yellow vein virus (OcYVV), Ocimum mosaic virus (OcMV), and Ocimum golden mosaic virus (OcGMV). Genome and phylogenetic analyses suggest that DNA-A of OcGMV is mostly related to begomoviruses infecting tomato in Africa, whereas those of OcYVV and OcMV are closely related to one another and highly divergent within the Old World begomoviruses. The DNA-A of all characterized begomovirus isolates are of a recombinant nature, revealing the role of recombination in the evolution of these begomoviruses. The viruses characterized here are the first identified in O. gratissimum and the first in Ocimum spp. in the African continent and could have important epidemiological consequences for cultivated basils and other important crops.[Formula: see text] Copyright © 2020 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY 4.0 International license.
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Affiliation(s)
- Happyness G Mollel
- Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea "La Mayora", Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas - Universidad de Málaga, 29750 Algarrobo-Costa, Málaga, Spain
| | - Joseph Ndunguru
- Mikocheni Agricultural Research Institute, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Peter Sseruwagi
- Mikocheni Agricultural Research Institute, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Titus Alicai
- National Crops Resources Research Institute, Namulonge, Kampala, Uganda
| | - John Colvin
- Natural Resources Institute, University of Greenwich, Chatham Maritime, Kent, United Kingdom
| | - Jesús Navas-Castillo
- Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea "La Mayora", Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas - Universidad de Málaga, 29750 Algarrobo-Costa, Málaga, Spain
| | - Elvira Fiallo-Olivé
- Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea "La Mayora", Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas - Universidad de Málaga, 29750 Algarrobo-Costa, Málaga, Spain
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Ileke KD, Adesina JM. Toxicity of Ocimum basilicum and Ocimum gratissimum Extracts against Main Malaria Vector, Anopheles gambiae (Diptera: Culicidae) in Nigeria. J Arthropod Borne Dis 2019; 13:362-368. [PMID: 32368553 PMCID: PMC7188766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 10/13/2019] [Indexed: 10/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anopheles gambiae (Diptera: Culicidae) transmit malaria parasite that causes malaria fever in humans, causing millions of deaths every year among infants in tropical countries. This study was undertaken to assess the toxicity of Ocimum basilicum and Ocimum gratissimum against pre-adult stages and adult malaria vector, An. gambiae and non-targeted aquatic organism, fingerlings of Clarias garipienus. METHODS Ethalonic extracts of O. basilicum and O. gratissimum were prepared according to the method described by WHO. The larvae and pupae of An. gambiae were exposed to plant extracts for 24h and their mortality was recorded. Toxicity of Ocimum species on non-targeted organism, fingerlings of C. garipienus was also investigated. RESULTS Ocimum basilicum showed remarkably potency against pre-adult stages and adults An. gambiae causing 100% mortality at 0.4% concentration within 24h of treatment. The LC50 and LC90 of O. basilicum were lower than O. grattisimum in all stages of An. gambiae studied. Ocimum basilicum and O. gratissimum extracts significantly reduced the number of bites by the vector given a range of 72.25% to 81.75% protection. Ocimum species at the tested concentrations did not significantly reduce the number of fingerlings introduced. CONCLUSION Ocimum species at the tested concentrations did not significantly reduce the numbers of non-targeted organisms, fingerlings introduced. Therefore, O. basilicum and O. gratissimum could be used to reduce malaria prevalence in the endemic areas of Nigeria as it poses no threat to aquatic organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kayode David Ileke
- Department of Biology, School of Science, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria
| | - Jacobs Mobolade Adesina
- Department of Crop, Soil and Pest Management Technology, Rufus Giwa Polytechnic, Owo, Ondo State, Nigeria,Insect Chemical Ecology Laboratory, Institute of Bioresources and Sustainable Development, Department of Biotechnology, Govt. of India, Takyelpat, Manipur, India,Corresponding author: Dr Jacobs Mobolade Adesina, E-mail:
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Farooq S, Sehgal A. Scrutinizing antioxidant interactions between green tea and some medicinal plants commonly used as herbal teas. J Food Biochem 2019; 43:e12984. [PMID: 31489661 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.12984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2019] [Revised: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 06/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Meta-analysis reports suggested that green tea (GT) consumption is associated with mild to moderate effects on major global killers. To enhance the health promoting potential of GT, one of the strategies is to combine it with traditionally used medicinal plants (Ocimum gratissimum, Cymbopogon citratus, Cymbopogon flexuosus, and Hibiscus rosa-sinensis). The aim of this investigation was to evaluate and compare the possible synergistic antioxidant interaction of binary combinations of GT with medicinal plants. Overall, GT and O. gratissimum combination showed the highest antioxidant potential and strongest synergistic interaction at EC50 . A strong correlation was found between antioxidant capacity (DPPH, ABTS, NO, and hemolysis) and total phenolic content (TPC) (except lipid peroxidation) for individual infusions, but very weak correlation was observed for GT combinations. Whereas, for both individual and binary aqueous infusions, moderate to strong correlation was observed between antioxidant parameters and FTIR-selected peak (3250-3290 cm-1 ) omitting lipid peroxidation for single infusions. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: The combination of GT with certain medicinal plants used as herbal teas can demonstrate synergistic interactions that may boost the health promoting potential of GT. This study provides basis for future designing and formulation of beverages containing GT combinations based on their antioxidant interactions that can potentially enhance the efficacy of GT as a chemopreventive agent. It may also promote the consumption of GT combinations that may help in realizing untapped potential of underutilized plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumaya Farooq
- Department of Zoology, School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, India
| | - Amit Sehgal
- Department of Zoology, School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, India
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Ojo OA, Ojo AB, Oyinloye BE, Ajiboye BO, Anifowose OO, Akawa A, Olaiya OE, Olasehinde OR, Kappo AP. Ocimum gratissimum Linn. Leaves reduce the key enzymes activities relevant to erectile dysfunction in isolated penile and testicular tissues of rats. Altern Ther Health Med 2019; 19:71. [PMID: 30890127 PMCID: PMC6425690 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-019-2481-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ocimum gratissimum L. is a medicinal plant widely grown in tropical and subtropical regions with the leaf decoction usually taken in folk medicine to enhance erectile performance in men although the probable mechanism of actions remains undetermined. This study examined the inhibitory potentials of Ocimum gratissimum leaves on some key enzymes associated with erectile dysfunction in penile and testicular tissues of the rat. METHODS Inhibitory effect of aqueous extract (1:10 w/v) of O. gratissimum leaves on the activities of phosphodiesterase-5 (PDE-5), arginase, angiotensin I -converting enzyme (ACE), and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) in penile and testicular tissues were assessed. Also, the extract was investigated for ferric reducing antioxidant property(FRAP) and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazil (DPPH) radical scavenging abilities. RESULTS The extract showed higher PDE-5 (IC50 = 43.19 μg/mL), ACE (IC50 = 44.23 μg/mL), AChE (IC50 = 55.51 μg/mL) and arginase (IC50 = 46.12 μg/mL) inhibitory activity in the penile tissue than PDE-5 (IC50 = 44.67 μg/mL), ACE (IC50 = 53.99 μg/mL), AChE (IC50 = 60.03 μg/mL) and arginase (IC50 = 49.12 μg/mL) inhibitory activity in the testicular tissue homogenate. Furthermore, the extract scavenged free radicals and in a dose-dependent manner. CONCLUSION The enzyme activities displayed might be associated with the bioactive compounds present in the extract which could possibly explain its use in the management of erectile dysfunction (ED).
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Abstract
Objective: This study was designed to investigate the Ocimum
gratissimum (OG) effects on sperm quality and testicular
cytoarchitecture in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. Method: Twenty male Wistar rats (150-200 g) were assigned into 4 groups (n=5) as A
(control), B (OG), C (Dia) and D (Dia+OG). Groups A and B were normal
animals receiving distilled water or OG (400 mg/kg), respectively while
diabetes was induced by alloxan monohydrate (100 mg/kg) in groups C and D,
followed by the administration of distilled water or OG, respectively for 28
days. Blood samples were obtained for fasting blood glucose (FBG) and
fructosamine determination while, epididymis and testes were obtained for
sperm quality assessment using computer-assisted sperm analyzer and
testicular histomorphometry, respectively. Seminiferous tubule diameter and
interstitial space distance were quantified in hematoxylin and eosin stained
slides. Statistical analysis was done using ANOVA and student t-test at
α0.05. Results: Fructosamine and FBG were reduced in Dia+OG (80.11±3.80µmol/L
and 132.0±8.41mg/dl, respectively) compared with Dia
(139.66±4.29µmol/L and 285.6±26.69mg/dl, respectively).
Sperm count was unchanged in Dia, but decreased in OG and Dia+OG; abnormal
sperm cells increased in OG, Dia and Dia+OG. Mild vacuolation in the
seminiferous tubule, disorganized germinal cells layer, arrested sperm
maturation with empty spermatozoa in lumen, decreased seminiferous tubule
diameter and increased interstitial space were found in the testes of OG,
Dia and Dia+OG compared with control. Conclusion: Diabetes induces sperm impairments and distortions in testicular
cytoarchitecture, which were aggravated by OG leaf extract in male Wistar
rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shehu-Tijani Shittu
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Seyyid Alli Shittu
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
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Abdel-Tawwab M, Adeshina I, Jenyo-Oni A, Ajani EK, Emikpe BO. Growth, physiological, antioxidants, and immune response of African catfish, Clarias gariepinus (B.), to dietary clove basil, Ocimum gratissimum, leaf extract and its susceptibility to Listeria monocytogenes infection. Fish Shellfish Immunol 2018; 78:346-354. [PMID: 29704554 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2018.04.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2017] [Revised: 03/21/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Clove basil, Ocimum gratissimum, is a native plant to Africa and grows virtually in tropical and subtropical regions. It has good aroma and its leaves have become used as a spicy and in traditional medicine. The use of plant leaves in fish diets may deteriorate their growth because it may content anti-nutritional factors. Thus, it is better to use plants leaves extract. In the current study, clove basil leaves extract (CBLE) was administrated to African catfish, Clarias gariepinus (B.) to evaluate its effect on growth performance, physiological, antioxidants, and innate immunity variables. Fish (10.7 ± 0.5 g) were fed on diets enriched with 0.0, 5, 10, or 15 g CBLE/kg diet for 12 weeks. After the feeding trial, fish were further exposed to pathogenic bacteria (Listeria monocytogenes) for 14 days. Fish performance and feed intake were significantly enhanced with increasing CBLE levels and its optimum level is found to be 12 g/kg diet. It is noticed that the dietary CBLE in African catfish diets increased significantly the intestinal villi length, villi width, and absorption area in a dose-dependent manner and fish weight was highly correlated with villi length, villi width, and absorption area (R2 = 0.91, 0.91, and 0.92, respectively). On the other side, Dietary CBLE has significant modulatory effect on hemato- and physiological variables of African catfish in a dose-dependent manner. In this regard, blood glucose and cholesterol levels decreased significantly; mean while total protein, albumin, and globulin increased significantly in fish fed high CBLE levels (10-15 g/kg diet). Furthermore, activities of aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, urea, and creatinine levels were significantly elevated with increasing dietary CBLE levels and their maximum values were detected in fish fed 15 g CBLE/kg diet. Antioxidants and immunity variables were significantly enhanced by CBLE supplementation. Additionally, fish mortality after bacterial challenge was highest in fish fed the control diet (85%) than those fed CBLE-enriched diets. The lowest fish mortality was observed in fish fed 15 g CBLE/kg diet (13.5%). This study evoked that CBLE administration enhanced the performance, feed utilization, antioxidant, and innate immunity properties of African catfish with optimum level of 12 g/kg diet. Also, its supplementation enhanced fish challenge against L. monocytogenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Abdel-Tawwab
- Department of Fish Biology and Ecology, Central Laboratory for Aquaculture Research, Abbassa, Abo-Hammad, Sharqia, 44662, Egypt.
| | - Ibrahim Adeshina
- Department of Aquaculture and Fisheries Management, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria.
| | - Adetola Jenyo-Oni
- Department of Aquaculture and Fisheries Management, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria.
| | - Emmanuel K Ajani
- Department of Aquaculture and Fisheries Management, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.
| | - Benjami O Emikpe
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.
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Alabi QK, Akomolafe RO, Omole JG, Adefisayo MA, Ogundipe OL, Aturamu A, Sanya JO. Polyphenol-rich extract of Ocimum gratissimum leaves ameliorates colitis via attenuating colonic mucosa injury and regulating pro-inflammatory cytokines production and oxidative stress. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 103:812-822. [PMID: 29684860 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.04.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2018] [Revised: 04/09/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Colitis is a chronic inflammation and ulcer on the inner lining of the large intestine. For many centuries Ocimum gratissimum (OG) leaves have been used in folk medicine in Nigeria to treat inflammatory bowel diseases, however, to date, the anti-colitis effects of OG have not been scientifically proven. In this study we investigated the effects of polyphenol rich extract of Ocimum gratissimum (PREOG) leaf on colonic mucosa injury in colitis, its mechanisms, initial administration time and dosage. Dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced rat colitis models was used. PREOG administration was initiated at 3 and 7 d after the model was established at doses of 200, 400 and 800 mg/kg for 7 d. 5-aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA) was used as a reference drug. The disease activity index (DAI), vascular permeability, markers of oxidative stress, granulocyte infiltration, inflammation and histopathological alteration were evaluated. Obvious colonic inflammation and mucosa injuries were observed in DSS-induced colitis groups. PREOG administration promoted repair of colonic mucosa injuries, attenuated inflammation, and decreased DAI scores in rats with colitis. PREOG also decreased the plasma concentrations of Interleukin-(IL)-6 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and concentrations of myeloperoxidase, nitric oxide, cyclooxygenase-2 and malondialdehyde in the colon, and increased the plasma concentrations of IL-4 and IL-10 as well as the concentration of superoxide dismutase, catalase and reduced glutathione in the colon. The efficacy of PREOG was dosage dependent. In conclusion, OG repairs colonic mucosa injury in experimental colitis through its ant-inflammatory and ant-oxidant. Its efficacy related to initial administration time and dose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quadri K Alabi
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Osun State, Nigeria; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Afe Babalola University, Ado Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria.
| | - Rufus O Akomolafe
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Osun State, Nigeria
| | - Joseph G Omole
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Osun State, Nigeria
| | - Modinat A Adefisayo
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Medical Sciences,Ondo State, Nigeria
| | - Olaofe L Ogundipe
- Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Afe Babalola University, Ado Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria
| | - Ayodeji Aturamu
- Health Center College of Education, Ikere Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria
| | - Joseph O Sanya
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Afe Babalola University, Ado Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria
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Chimnoi N, Reuk-Ngam N, Chuysinuan P, Khlaychan P, Khunnawutmanotham N, Chokchaichamnankit D, Thamniyom W, Klayraung S, Mahidol C, Techasakul S. Characterization of essential oil from Ocimum gratissimum leaves: Antibacterial and mode of action against selected gastroenteritis pathogens. Microb Pathog 2018; 118:290-300. [PMID: 29578062 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2018.03.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2017] [Revised: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Essential oil of fresh leaves of Ocimum gratissimum (OGEO) was water-steam distilled and analyzed by GC-MS. Thirty-seven compounds were identified, with eugenol (55.6%) as the major component followed by cis-ocimene (13.9%), γ-muurolene (11.6%), (Z,E)-α-farnesene (5.6%), α-trans-bergamotene (4.1%), and β-caryophyllene (2.7%). Antimicrobial activity of OGEO was tested against four gastroenteritis pathogens (Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Salmonella Typhimurium, and Shigella flexneri). OGEO exhibited antibacterial effect, with MICs of 1-2 mg ml-1, against the tested species. OGEO also displayed rapid killing effect within 5 s at four times of MIC against both E. coli and S. Typhimurium. Various assays were performed to investigate the mode of action of the oil. OGEO increased the permeability of microbial cell membrane as evidenced by LIVE/DEAD BacLight assay. Analyses of the release of absorbing materials at 260 nm, protein leakage, SDS-PAGE, and SEM strongly suggested the disruptive action of the oil on the cytoplasmic membrane of the tested microorganisms. Results revealed that the antibacterial property of OGEO could be due to membrane disruption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nitirat Chimnoi
- Laboratory of Natural Products, Chulabhorn Research Institute, 54 Kamphaeng Phet 6, Talat Bang Khen, Lak Si, Bangkok 10210, Thailand
| | - Nanthawan Reuk-Ngam
- Laboratory of Organic Synthesis, Chulabhorn Research Institute, 54 Kamphaeng Phet 6, Talat Bang Khen, Lak Si, Bangkok 10210, Thailand
| | - Piyachat Chuysinuan
- Laboratory of Organic Synthesis, Chulabhorn Research Institute, 54 Kamphaeng Phet 6, Talat Bang Khen, Lak Si, Bangkok 10210, Thailand
| | - Panita Khlaychan
- Laboratory of Organic Synthesis, Chulabhorn Research Institute, 54 Kamphaeng Phet 6, Talat Bang Khen, Lak Si, Bangkok 10210, Thailand
| | - Nisachon Khunnawutmanotham
- Laboratory of Organic Synthesis, Chulabhorn Research Institute, 54 Kamphaeng Phet 6, Talat Bang Khen, Lak Si, Bangkok 10210, Thailand
| | - Daranee Chokchaichamnankit
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Chulabhorn Research Institute, 54 Kamphaeng Phet 6, Talat Bang Khen, Lak Si, Bangkok 10210, Thailand
| | - Wassapol Thamniyom
- Office of Research, Chulabhorn Research Institute, 54 Kamphaeng Phet 6, Talat Bang Khen, Lak Si, Bangkok 10210, Thailand
| | - Srikanjana Klayraung
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Maejo University, Chiang Mai 50290, Thailand
| | - Chulabhorn Mahidol
- Laboratory of Natural Products, Chulabhorn Research Institute, 54 Kamphaeng Phet 6, Talat Bang Khen, Lak Si, Bangkok 10210, Thailand
| | - Supanna Techasakul
- Laboratory of Organic Synthesis, Chulabhorn Research Institute, 54 Kamphaeng Phet 6, Talat Bang Khen, Lak Si, Bangkok 10210, Thailand.
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Ajayi AM, Umukoro S, Ben-Azu B, Adzu B, Ademowo OG. Toxicity and Protective Effect of Phenolic-Enriched Ethylacetate Fraction of Ocimum gratissimum (Linn.) Leaf against Acute Inflammation and Oxidative Stress in Rats. Drug Dev Res 2018; 78:135-145. [PMID: 28608491 DOI: 10.1002/ddr.21384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2017] [Accepted: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Preclinical Research Ocimum gratissimum L. leaves have attracted considerable attention from researchers because of their medicinal value that include anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antimicrobial, and antioxidant activities. In the present study, the toxicity and the protective effect of phenolic extract of O. gratissimum leaf (EAFOg) against acute inflammation and oxidative stress in rats was assessed. EAFOg, enriched in phenols had no cytotoxic effect against CHO-k1 cells, and no lethality against brine shrimp eggs or mice at a dose of 2000 mg/kg. EAFOg (50 and 100 mg/kg) reduced paw edema by 47% and 61%, compared to 29% with the COX-2 inhibitor, SC58125 (1 mg/kg) and 81% with indomethacin (5 mg/kg), respectively. In the rat carrageenan-induced air pouch model, EAFOg reduced exudate volume, leucocyte count, nitrite, TNF-α, and myeloperoxidase activity. EAFOg also protected against carrageenan-induced lipid peroxidation and glutathione depletion. These results provide evidence of the protective effects of EAFOg against acute inflammation and oxidative stress in rats. Drug Dev Res 78 : 135-145, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abayomi M Ajayi
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Solomon Umukoro
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Benneth Ben-Azu
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Bulus Adzu
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, National Institute for Pharmaceutical Research and Development, P.M.B. 21, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Olusegun G Ademowo
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
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Talabi JY, Makanjuola SA. Proximate, Phytochemical, and In Vitro Antimicrobial Properties of Dried Leaves from Ocimum gratissimum. Prev Nutr Food Sci 2017; 22:191-194. [PMID: 29043216 PMCID: PMC5642800 DOI: 10.3746/pnf.2017.22.3.191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Accepted: 08/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Ocimum gratissimum is a common plant in the tropics and has been used in food and medicine. Its usage in food and medicine could be attributed to its phtyochemical and antimicrobial properties. In this study we investigated the proximate, phytochemical, and antimicrobial attributes of air dried leaves of O. gratissimum. The aqueous extract was found to contain phtyochemicals with alkaloid and saponin present in appreciable amounts. The proximate analysis (crude protein and crude fibre content were 15.075% and 17.365%, respectively) showed that the leaf could be a good source of protein and fibre. The aqueous ethanolic extract of the leaf exhibited activity against a wider range of organisms when compared to the aqueous extract at the investigated concentrations. Aqueous ethanolic extracts of O. gratissimum leaf was active against Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, and Bacillus cereus and the aqueous extract of the leaf was active against P. aeruginosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justina Y Talabi
- Department of Human Nutrition and Dietetics, Afe Babalola University, Ado Ekiti 360001, Nigeria
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Okoduwa SIR, Umar IA, James DB, Inuwa HM. Anti-Diabetic Potential of Ocimum gratissimum Leaf Fractions in Fortified Diet-Fed Streptozotocin Treated Rat Model of Type-2 Diabetes. Medicines (Basel) 2017; 4:medicines4040073. [PMID: 29019956 PMCID: PMC5750597 DOI: 10.3390/medicines4040073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2017] [Revised: 09/27/2017] [Accepted: 10/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Background: Ocimum gratissimum (OG) is used in the traditional management of diabetes in Nigeria. This study investigated the anti-diabetic potential of OG leaf fractions (OGLF) in a rat model of Type-2 diabetes (T2D). Methods: Methanol crude extract of OG leaf was fractionated with solvents of increasing order of polarity (n-hexane, chloroform, ethyl-acetate, n-butanol and water). The anti-diabetic potential of the fractions was evaluated in vivo. T2D was induced in Albino Wistar rats and treated with OGLF. Results: The T2D rats showed significant elevation in serum levels of fasting blood glucose (FBG), liver and kidney function biomarkers. At 4-week of intervention with OGLF, the untreated diabetic control group maintained severe hyperglycaemia in the presence of 61.7% serum insulin, 17.3% pancreatic β-cell function (HOMA-β) and 51.5% Insulin sensitivity. The glucose tolerance ability was enhanced in the n-butanol-fraction (OGb) treated group. With 74.8% available serum insulin and 38.6% improvement in insulin sensitivity, the OGb treated group had a 63.5% reduction in FBG and it was found to be most effective as it ameliorates a majority of the changes caused in the studied parameters in diabetic rats. Conclusions: The data from this study suggest that OGb fraction is a potential candidate for the development of an effective drug for the management of T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanley I R Okoduwa
- Department of Biochemistry, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria 811104, Nigeria.
- Directorate of Research and Development, Nigerian Institute of Leather and science Technology, Zaria 810221, Nigeria.
| | - Isamila A Umar
- Department of Biochemistry, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria 811104, Nigeria.
| | - Dorcas B James
- Department of Biochemistry, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria 811104, Nigeria.
| | - Hajiya M Inuwa
- Department of Biochemistry, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria 811104, Nigeria.
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Le TB, Beaufay C, Nghiem DT, Mingeot-Leclercq MP, Quetin-Leclercq J. In Vitro Anti-Leishmanial Activity of Essential Oils Extracted from Vietnamese Plants. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22071071. [PMID: 28654013 PMCID: PMC6152080 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22071071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2017] [Revised: 06/21/2017] [Accepted: 06/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Leishmania mexicana is one of the pathogens causing cutaneous leishmaniasis which is associated with patient morbidity. In our researches for new safe and effective treatments, thirty-seven essential oils (EOs) extracted from Vietnamese plants were screened in vitro for the first time on Leishmania mexicana mexicana (Lmm) promastigotes at the maximum concentration of 50 nL/mL. Active EOs were also analyzed for cytotoxicity on mammalian cell lines (WI38, J774) and their selectivity indices (SI) were calculated. Their composition was determined by GC-MS and GC-FID. Our results indicated that EOs extracted from Cinnamomum cassia, Zingiber zerumbet, Elsholtzia ciliata and Amomum aromaticum, possessed a moderate anti-leishmanial activity, with IC50 values of 2.92 ± 0.08, 3.34 ± 0.34, 8.49 ± 0.32 and 9.25 ± 0.64 nL/mL respectively. However, they also showed cytotoxicity with SI < 10. The most promising EO was extracted from Ocimum gratissimum, displaying an IC50 of 4.85 ± 1.65 nL/mL and SI > 10. It contained 86.5% eugenol, which was demonstrated to be effective on Lmm with IC50 of 2.57 ± 0.57 nL/mL and not toxic on mammalian cells, explaining the observed activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thanh Binh Le
- GNOS Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institue, Université Catholique de Louvain, Bruxelles 1200, Belgium.
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Hanoi University of Pharmacy, 13-15 Le Thanh Tong, Hoan Kiem, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam.
| | - Claire Beaufay
- GNOS Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institue, Université Catholique de Louvain, Bruxelles 1200, Belgium.
| | - Duc Trong Nghiem
- Department of Botany, Hanoi University of Pharmacy, 13-15 Le Thanh Tong, Hoan Kiem, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam.
| | | | - Joëlle Quetin-Leclercq
- GNOS Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institue, Université Catholique de Louvain, Bruxelles 1200, Belgium.
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Ogundipe DJ, Akomolafe RO, Sanusi AA, Imafidon CE, Olukiran OS, Oladele AA. Ocimum gratissimum Ameliorates Gentamicin-Induced Kidney Injury but Decreases Creatinine Clearance Following Sub-Chronic Administration in Rats. J Evid Based Complementary Altern Med 2017; 22:592-602. [PMID: 29228801 PMCID: PMC5871266 DOI: 10.1177/2156587217691891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The effects of aqueous extract of Ocimum gratissimum leaf (AOGL) on the renal function of rats with gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity were investigated. This study involved the use of forty five (45) adult male Wistar rats (housed in separate metabolic cages) such that graded doses of OAGL were administered to the experimental groups (p.o.) for 28 days after exposure to gentamicin toxicity (100 mg/kg i.p.) for 1 week. At the end of the study, comparisons of some indices of renal function as well as antioxidant status (GSH and TBARS) were made between the control, toxic and AOGL-treated groups at P < 0.05. The result showed that gentamicin treatment caused significant increase (P < .05) in urine output, urea, creatinine, total protein, relative kidney weight, and TBARS, as well as significant decrease (P < .05) in urine creatinine and GSH levels. Post-treatment with graded doses of AOGL caused significant increase in food consumption, GSH, urine, and plasma creatinine, as well as significant decrease (P < .05) in relative kidney weight, TBARS, and urine total protein. There was an appreciable difference in the kidney histology of the AOGL-treated groups when compared with the toxic control. Hence, the extract has therapeutic potential in the management of gentamicin-induced kidney injury, although a risk profile of renal dysfunction is not unlikely from 28 days of administration as evident by the decrease in creatinine clearance.
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Chao PY, Lin JA, Ye JC, Hwang JM, Ting WJ, Huang CY, Liu JY. Attenuation of Oxidative Stress-Induced Cell Apoptosis in Schwann RSC96 Cells by Ocimum Gratissimum Aqueous Extract. Int J Med Sci 2017; 14:764-771. [PMID: 28824312 PMCID: PMC5562131 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.19535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2017] [Accepted: 06/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: Cell transplantation therapy of Schwann cells (SCs) is a promising therapeutic strategy after spinal cord injury. However, challenges such as oxidative stress hinder satisfactory cell viability and intervention for enhancing SCs survival is critical throughout the transplantation procedures. Ocimum gratissimum, widely used as a folk medicine in many countries, has therapeutic and anti-oxidative properties and may protect SCs survival. Methods: We examined the protective effects of aqueous O. gratissimum extract (OGE) against cell damage caused by H2O2-induced oxidative stress in RSC96 Schwann cells. Results: Our results showed that the RSC96 cells, damaged by H2O2 oxidative stress, decreased their viability up to 32% after treatment with different concentrations of up to 300 μM H2O2, but OGE pretreatment (150 or 200 μg/mL) increased cell viability by approximately 62% or 66%, respectively. Cell cycle analysis indicated a high (43%) sub-G1 cell population in the H2O2-treated RSC96 cells compared with untreated cells (1%); whereas OGE pretreatment (150 and 200 μg/mL) of RSC96 cells significantly reduced the sub-G1 cells (7% and 8%, respectively). Furthermore, Western blot analysis revealed that OGE pretreatment inhibited H2O2-induced apoptotic protein caspase-3 activation and PARP cleavage, as well as it reversed Bax up-regulation and Bcl-2 down-regulation. The amelioration of OGE of cell stress and stress-induced apoptosis was proved by the HSP70 and HSP72 decrease. Conclusion: Our data suggest that OGE may minimize the cytotoxic effects of H2O2-induced SCs apoptosis by modulating the apoptotic pathway and could potentially supplement cell transplantation therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Yu Chao
- Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - James A Lin
- Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Je-Chiuan Ye
- Bachelor Program of Senior Services, Southern Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Jin-Ming Hwang
- Department of Medical Applied Chemistry, College of Health Care and Management, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Jen Ting
- Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Yang Huang
- Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Chinese Medical Science, School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Health and Nutrition Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Jer-Yuh Liu
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Center for Molecular Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
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33
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Chao PY, Chiang TI, Chang IC, Tsai FL, Lee HH, Hsieh K, Chiu YW, Lai TJ, Liu JY, Hsu LS, Shih YC. Amelioration of estrogen-deficiency-induced obesity by Ocimum gratissimum. Int J Med Sci 2017; 14:896-901. [PMID: 28824328 PMCID: PMC5562198 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.19933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2017] [Accepted: 05/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives: Menopausal transition in women initiates with declining estrogen levels and is followed by significant changes in their physiological characteristics. These changes often lead to medical conditions, such as obesity, which is correlated with chronic low-grade/subclinical inflammation. Ocimum gratissimum L. is a food spice or traditional herb in many countries; the plant is rich in antioxidants, which possess anti-inflammation activities and multitude of other therapeutic functions. Methods: In this study, we evaluated effects of O. gratissimum extract (OGE) in preventing obesity by using ovariectomized (OVX) animal models to mimic menopausal women. Methods: OVX rats showed increase in body weight and in adipocyte size in perigonadal adipose tissue (p <0.05) and decrease in uterus weight. By contrast, OGE (0.2 mg/ml) significantly reduced body weight gain and adipocyte in OVX rats and showed insignificant changes in uterus weight. Further investigation indicated that OGE exerted no influence on levels of dorsal fat, serum total cholesterol, and serum triacylglycerol and on serum biochemical factors, calcium, phosphorus, and glucose. Conclusion: These findings suggested that OGE dietary supplements may be useful in controlling body weight of menopausal women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Yu Chao
- Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Tsay-I Chiang
- Department of Nursing, College of Medicine & Nursing, HungKuang University, Taichung, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - I-Chang Chang
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Fang-Ling Tsai
- Center for Molecular Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hsueh-Hui Lee
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Kuang Tien General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Kuanghui Hsieh
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Kuang Tien General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Wei Chiu
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Emergency department and center of Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy, Tungs' Taichung MetroHarbor Hospital, Taichung Taiwan
| | - Te-Jen Lai
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Psychiatry, Chung Shan Medical Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Jer-Yuh Liu
- Center for Molecular Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung Taiwan
| | - Li-Sung Hsu
- Institute of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Medical College, Chung-Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Clinical Laboratory, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yang-Chia Shih
- Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
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Kapepula PM, Mbombo Mungitshi P, Franck T, Mouithys-Mickalad A, Mumba Ngoyi D, Kalenda PDT, Kabamba Ngombe N, Serteyn D, Tits M, Frédérich M, Tamfum Muyembe JJ. Antioxidant potentiality of three herbal teas consumed in Bandundu rural areas of Congo. Nat Prod Res 2016; 31:1940-1943. [PMID: 27905221 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2016.1263844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the cellular antioxidant activities of Lantana montevidensis, Lippia multiflora, and Ocimum gratissimum leaves often consumed as herbal teas in a rural area of Bandundu severely affected by konzo, which is related to oxidative damage. Consequently, dietary supplements with proven antioxidant potentialities could be of real interest to promote in this area. Phytochemical screening by TLC and HPLC-DAD of extracts revealed the presence of verbascoside as a major phenolic compound. Verbascoside in L. montevidensis and O. gratissimum is reported here for the first time. All extracts displayed high ABTS and DPPH radical-scavenging activities at the concentration range of 1-40 μg mL-1 according to order: L. multiflora > O. gratissimum > L. montevidensis. L. multiflora showed the best cellular antioxidant activity using DCFH-DA on HL-60 monocytes assay at 1-20 μg mL-1. These herbal teas may be used as nutraceuticals for their potent antioxidant activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulin Mutwale Kapepula
- a Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Medicines (CIRM) , University of Liège , Liège , Belgium.,b Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Centre d'Etudes des Substances Naturelles d'Origine Végétale (CESNOV) , University of Kinshasa , Kinshasa , Democratic Republic of Congo
| | - Patricia Mbombo Mungitshi
- b Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Centre d'Etudes des Substances Naturelles d'Origine Végétale (CESNOV) , University of Kinshasa , Kinshasa , Democratic Republic of Congo
| | - Thierry Franck
- c Center for Oxygen, Research, and Development (CORD), Institute of Chemistry B6a , University of Liège , Liège , Belgium
| | - Ange Mouithys-Mickalad
- c Center for Oxygen, Research, and Development (CORD), Institute of Chemistry B6a , University of Liège , Liège , Belgium
| | - Dieudonné Mumba Ngoyi
- d Faculty of Medicine , University of Kinshasa , Kinshasa , Democratic Republic of Congo.,e Department of Parasitology , Institut National de Recherches Biomédicales (INRB) , Gombe , Democratic Republic of Congo
| | - Pascal Dibungi T Kalenda
- b Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Centre d'Etudes des Substances Naturelles d'Origine Végétale (CESNOV) , University of Kinshasa , Kinshasa , Democratic Republic of Congo
| | - Nadege Kabamba Ngombe
- b Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Centre d'Etudes des Substances Naturelles d'Origine Végétale (CESNOV) , University of Kinshasa , Kinshasa , Democratic Republic of Congo
| | - Didier Serteyn
- c Center for Oxygen, Research, and Development (CORD), Institute of Chemistry B6a , University of Liège , Liège , Belgium
| | - Monique Tits
- a Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Medicines (CIRM) , University of Liège , Liège , Belgium
| | - Michel Frédérich
- a Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Medicines (CIRM) , University of Liège , Liège , Belgium
| | - Jean-Jacques Tamfum Muyembe
- d Faculty of Medicine , University of Kinshasa , Kinshasa , Democratic Republic of Congo.,e Department of Parasitology , Institut National de Recherches Biomédicales (INRB) , Gombe , Democratic Republic of Congo
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Akinrinde AS, Oyagbemi AA, Omobowale TO, Asenuga ER, Ajibade TO. Alterations in blood pressure, antioxidant status and caspase 8 expression in cobalt chloride-induced cardio-renal dysfunction are reversed by Ocimum gratissimum and gallic acid in Wistar rats. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2016; 36:27-37. [PMID: 27259349 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2016.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2016] [Revised: 02/28/2016] [Accepted: 03/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The protective abilities of the chloroform extract of Ocimum gratissimum (COG) and gallic acid against cobalt chloride (CoCl2) - induced cardiac and renal toxicity were evaluated. Rats were exposed to CoCl2 (350ppm) for 7 days, either alone, or in combination with COG (100 and 200mg/kg) or gallic acid (120mg/kg). CoCl2 given alone, caused significant increases (p<0.05) in oxidative stress parameters (hydrogen peroxide, H2O2 and malondialdehyde, MDA) and increased expression of the apoptotic initiator caspase 8 in the heart and kidneys. There was significant reduction (p<0.05) in reduced glutathione (GSH) in cardiac and renal tissues; reduction in superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in the kidneys and adaptive increases in Glutathione S-transferase (GST) and catalase (CAT). CoCl2 also produced significant reduction (p<0.05) in systolic (SBP), diastolic (DBP) and mean arterial (MAP) blood pressures. Oral COG and gallic acid treatment significantly reduced (p<0.05) the levels of H2O2 and MDA; with reduced expression of caspase 8 and restoration of GSH levels, GPx, SOD and CAT activities, howbeit, to varying degrees in the heart and kidneys. COG (200mg/kg) was most effective in restoring the blood pressures in the rats to near control levels. CoCl2-induced histopathological lesions including myocardial infarction and inflammation and renal tubular necrosis and inflammation were effectively ameliorated by the treatments administered. This study provides evidence for the protective roles of O. gratissimum and gallic acid by modulation of CoCl2-induced alterations in blood pressure, antioxidant status and pro-apoptotic caspase 8 in Wistar rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- A S Akinrinde
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Nigeria.
| | - A A Oyagbemi
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - T O Omobowale
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - E R Asenuga
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - T O Ajibade
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Nigeria
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36
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Shittu STT, Oyeyemi WA, Lasisi TJ, Shittu SAS, Lawal TT, Olujobi ST. Aqueous leaf extract of Ocimum gratissimum improves hematological parameters in alloxan-induced diabetic rats via its antioxidant properties. Int J Appl Basic Med Res 2016; 6:96-100. [PMID: 27127737 PMCID: PMC4830163 DOI: 10.4103/2229-516x.179016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2015] [Accepted: 01/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study was designed to investigate the effects of Ocimum gratissimum (OG) on hematological parameters and oxidative stress in diabetic rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS Twenty-five male rats (150-200 g) were randomly grouped into five as control, normal + OG, diabetic untreated, diabetic + OG, and diabetic + glibenclamide groups. Diabetes was induced by 100 mg/kg of alloxan monohydrate in the diabetic untreated and diabetic + OG groups followed by treatment with distilled water and 400 mg/kg OG, respectively, whereas control, normal + OG, and diabetic + glibenclamide groups were treated with distilled water, 400 mg/kg OG, and 5 mg/kg glibenclamide, respectively. Body weight and fasting blood glucose level were monitored weekly. After 28 days of treatments, under anesthesia induced by 50 mg/kg sodium thiopental i.p., blood samples were obtained for hematological analysis, malondialdehyde (MDA) level determination, and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity. Data were compared using analysis of variance and Student's t-test. RESULTS There was a significant decrease in the fasting blood glucose of the diabetic + OG animals compared to the diabetic untreated and the initial reduction in weight observed in this group was reversed at the end of the experiments. Packed cell volume, red blood cell count, and hemoglobin concentration were significantly increased (P < 0.05) in the diabetic + OG when compared with the untreated group. The MDA concentration was significantly lowered (P < 0.01) in the diabetic + OG group when compared with diabetic untreated while SOD activity was significantly reduced in the diabetic untreated group. CONCLUSION It was concluded that OG reverses anemia secondary to alloxan-induced diabetes mellitus in rats probably via its antioxidant activity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Wahab A Oyeyemi
- Department of Physiology, Igbinedion University, Okada, Edo State, Nigeria
| | - Taye J Lasisi
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | | | - Temitope T Lawal
- Department of Animal Science, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Samuel T Olujobi
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
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Chao PY, Lin JA, Ting WJ, Lee HH, Hsieh K, Chiu YW, Lai TJ, Hwang JM, Liu JRY, Huang CY. Ocimum gratissmum aqueous extract reduces plasma lipid in hypercholesterol-fed hamsters. Int J Med Sci 2016; 13:819-824. [PMID: 27877073 PMCID: PMC5118752 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.16474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2016] [Accepted: 09/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives: Hyperlipidemia is a significant risk factor in the development of atherosclerosis and related diseases which are major health problem in many developed and developing countries that can lead to fatality due to the changes in lifestyle and dietary habits in this modern age. Methods: In the present study, the Ocimum gratissimum aqueous extract (OGE) was tested for the lowering effect on the serum lipid level of male hamsters on a high-fat (12%) and high-cholesterol (0.2%) diet (HFCD). Results: The results showed that the levels of serum high-density-lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) low-density-lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C), total cholesterol (TC), and triglycerols (TG) were increased in the HFCD group (113±11, 259±87, 629±175 and 625±262, respectively), as compared to the control normal diet group (51±8, 19±5, 77±16 and 101±44, respectively). When co-treated with various doses (10 and 20 mg/kg) of the OGE or rosuvastatin, the rats exhibited the restoration of normal serum LDL-C, TC, and TG levels. Conclusion: Therefore, we suggest that the Ocimum gratissimum aqueous extract may have the potential function of lowering serum lipid in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Yu Chao
- Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - James A Lin
- Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Jen Ting
- Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hsueh-Hui Lee
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Kuang Tien General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Kuanghui Hsieh
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Kuang Tien General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Wei Chiu
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.; Emergency department and center of Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy, Tungs' Taichung MetroHarbor Hospital, Taichung Taiwan
| | - Te-Jen Lai
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.; Department of Psychiatry, Chung Shan Medical Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Jin-Ming Hwang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Health Care and Management, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Je-rYuh Liu
- Graduate Institute of Cancer Biology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Center for Molecular Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Yang Huang
- Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Chinese Medical Science, School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Health and Nutrition Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
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38
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Tshilanda DD, Onyamboko DN, Babady-Bila P, Ngbolua KTN, Tshibangu DS, Dia Fita Dibwe E, Mpiana PT. Anti-sickling Activity of Ursolic Acid Isolated from the Leaves of Ocimum gratissimum L. (Lamiaceae). Nat Prod Bioprospect 2015; 5:215-21. [PMID: 26351101 PMCID: PMC4567991 DOI: 10.1007/s13659-015-0070-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2015] [Accepted: 08/25/2015] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
The present study reports in vitro anti-sickling activity and phytochemical analyses of the leaves of Ocimum gratissimum. Biological testing revealed that the plant extracts possess antisickling effects. The combination of spectroscopic techniques: 1D-NMR, 2D-NMR and MS revealed that ursolic acid is the major biologically active compound of O. gratissimum (Silva et al. in Molecules 13:2482-2487, 2008; Kedar et al. J Food Drug Anal 20:865-871, 2012). This study is the first report of the antisickling activity of ursolic acid isolated from O. gratissimum. The pharmaceutical relevance of findings from this study derives from the possibility of integrating O. gratissimum as an antisickling plant in the pharmacopoeia of Democratic Republic of the Congo. The identification of the active principle could enhance the standardization of antisickling recipe.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Philippe Babady-Bila
- Faculté des Sciences, Université de Kinshasa, B.P. 190, Kinshasa XI, Democratic Republic of the Congo.
- Bila Nutraceuticals Company, 650 Portland Street Market, PO Box 26056, Dartmouth, NS, B2W 6P3, Canada.
| | - Koto-Te-Nyiwa Ngbolua
- Faculté des Sciences, Université de Kinshasa, B.P. 190, Kinshasa XI, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | | | - Eddy Dia Fita Dibwe
- Faculté des Sciences, Université de Kinshasa, B.P. 190, Kinshasa XI, Democratic Republic of the Congo
- Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama, 2630-Sugitani, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan
| | - Pius Tshimankinda Mpiana
- Faculté des Sciences, Université de Kinshasa, B.P. 190, Kinshasa XI, Democratic Republic of the Congo
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Keziah EA, Nukenine EN, Danga SPY, Younoussa L, Esimone CO. Creams formulated with Ocimum gratissimum L. and Lantana camara L. crude extracts and fractions as mosquito repellents against Aedes aegypti L. (Diptera: Culicidae). J Insect Sci 2015; 15:iev025. [PMID: 25881633 PMCID: PMC4535484 DOI: 10.1093/jisesa/iev025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2013] [Accepted: 01/03/2014] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Mosquitoes are the most deadly vectors of parasites that cause diseases such as malaria, yellow fever, and filariasis. In view of the recent increased interest in developing plant origin insecticides as an alternative to chemical insecticides, the objective of this study was to determine the repellent activity of creams formulated with methanol crude extract (MCE), hexane fraction (HF), and ethyl acetate fractions (EAFs) of Ocimum gratissimum and Lantana camara leaves in single and combined actions against female Aedes aegypti. Evaluation was carried out in the net cages (30 by 30 by 30 cm) containing 60 blood-starved female mosquitoes each and were assayed in the laboratory condition following World Health Organization 2009 protocol. All formulations (single and mixture) were applied at 2, 4, 6, and 8 mg/cm(2) in the exposed area of human hands. Only acetone + white soft paraffin served as negative control and odomos (12% DEET) as positive control. All the formulations presented good protection against mosquito bites without any allergic reaction by the human volunteers. The repellent activity was dependent on the strength of the extracts and fractions. Among the tested formulations, the maximum protection time was observed in MCE (120 min) and EAF (150 min) of O. gratissimum; MCE:MCE (150 min) and HF:HF (120 min) mixtures of both plants. In addition, MCE:MCE and HF:HF mixtures from both plants showed possible synergistic effect. From the results, the combination of O. gratissimum and L. camara to formulate natural mosquito repellent using small amount of extracts can be encouraging to be an alternative to conventional DEET.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ezeike Amarachi Keziah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology & Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Anambra State, Nigeria
| | - Elias Nchiwan Nukenine
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Ngaoundere, Ngaoundere, Cameroon
| | | | - Lame Younoussa
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Ngaoundere, Ngaoundere, Cameroon
| | - Charles Okechukwu Esimone
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology & Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Anambra State, Nigeria
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40
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Okon UA, Davies KG, Olubobokun TH. Improvement in nutrient handling in STZ induced diabetic rats treated with Ocimum gratissimum. Int J Appl Basic Med Res 2015; 5:49-53. [PMID: 25664269 PMCID: PMC4318102 DOI: 10.4103/2229-516x.149242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2013] [Accepted: 09/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Alteration in digestive and absorptive enzymatic activities has been reported in diabetes mellitus (DM), but not with Ocimum gratissimum (OG) treatment. This study was, therefore, designed to indirectly assess the effect of DM and treatment with OG on nutrient digestion and absorption, through estimation of their fecal excretion. MATERIALS AND METHODS Animals were randomly assigned into three groups of six per group for control, DM and diabetic mellitus treated (DMT). Diabetes was induced by single intraperitoneal injection of 65 mg/kg streptozotocin in the test groups. OG was administered to the DMT group at dose of 1500 mg/kg once daily for 28 days. Fecal glucose, protein and cholesterol were determined. RESULTS Fecal glucose was significantly (P < 0.001) lower in the DM group compared to the control and DMT groups, with the DMT groups significantly (P < 0.001) lower than the control. Fecal protein was significantly (P < 0.001) lower in the DM group than the control whereas it was significantly lower in the DMT groups than the DM. Fecal cholesterol was significantly (P < 0.001) higher in the DM than the DMT and control groups with DMT significantly (P < 0.01) higher than the control. CONCLUSION This result indicates the propensity of OG to reverse impairment of nutrient digestion and absorption in DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uduak Akpan Okon
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of Uyo, Uyo, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria
| | - Koofreh Godwin Davies
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of Uyo, Uyo, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria
| | - Titilope Helen Olubobokun
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of Uyo, Uyo, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria
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Kpadonou Kpoviessi BGH, Kpoviessi SDS, Yayi Ladekan E, Gbaguidi F, Frédérich M, Moudachirou M, Quetin-Leclercq J, Accrombessi GC, Bero J. In vitro antitrypanosomal and antiplasmodial activities of crude extracts and essential oils of Ocimum gratissimum Linn from Benin and influence of vegetative stage. J Ethnopharmacol 2014; 155:1417-1423. [PMID: 25058875 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2014.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2014] [Revised: 06/23/2014] [Accepted: 07/08/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Different parts of Ocimum gratissimum Linn are largely used in folk medicine for the treatment of many diseases, some of which related to parasitical infections as fevers and headaches. In order to validate their use and to clarify the plant part which possesses the best antiparasitic properties, we decided to evaluate the in vitro antiplasmodial and antitrypanosomal activities of essential oils and crude extracts from leaves, stems and seeds of Ocimum gratissimum as well as their cytotoxicity. MATERIALS AND METHODS The essential oils and ethanol crude extracts of leaves and stems of Ocimum gratissimum from Benin, were obtained in pre and full flowering stages. Seeds obtained only in full flowering stage, were also extracted. The oils were isolated by hydrodistillation and analyzed by GC/MS and GC/FID. Extracts and essential oils were tested in vitro against Trypanosoma brucei brucei and Plasmodium falciparum. Cytotoxicity was evaluated in vitro against Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO) cells and the human non cancer fibroblast cell line (WI38) through MTT assay to evaluate the selectivity and toxicity was assessed against Artemia salina Leach. RESULTS The essential oils and non-volatile crude extracts of Ocimum gratissimum were more active on Trypanosoma brucei brucei than on Plasmodium falciparum (3D7). This activity varies according to the vegetative stage (pre and full flowering) and the plant part (seeds, stems and leaves) extracted. The best growth inhibition of Trypanosoma brucei brucei was observed with ethanol crude extracts of leaves (IC50=1.66 ± 0.48 μg/mL) and seeds (IC50=1.29 ± 0.42 μg/mL) in full flowering stage with good selectivity (SI>10). The chemical composition of the essential oil from aerial parts (47 compounds), characterized by the presence as main constituents of p-cymene, thymol, γ-terpinene, β-myrcene and α-thujene, depends on the vegetative stage. The oil contained some minor compounds such as myrcene (IC50=2.24 ± 0.27μg/mL), citronellal (IC50=2.76 ± 1.55μg/mL), limonene (IC50=4.24 ± 2.27μg/mL), with good antitrypanosomal activities. These oils and crude extracts were not toxic against Artemia salina Leach and had a low cytotoxicity except leaves and seeds ethanol extracts obtained in full flowering which showed toxicity against CHO and WI38 cells. CONCLUSIONS Our study shows that ethanol crude extracts of leaves and seeds of Ocimum gratissimum in full flowering stage can be a good source of antitrypanosomal agents. This is the first report about the relation between the plant part extracted, the vegetative stage of the plant, the antitrypanosomal and antiplasmodial activities and the cytotoxicity of essential oils and non-volatile extracts of Ocimum gratissimum from Benin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bénédicta G H Kpadonou Kpoviessi
- Laboratory of Physic and Synthesis Organic Chemistry (LaCOPS), University of Abomey-Calavi, Faculty of Sciences and Technics (FAST), BP: 4521, Cotonou, Benin; National Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, Benin center of Scientific and Technical Research (CBRST), BP 06 Oganla, Porto-Novo, Benin
| | - Salomé D S Kpoviessi
- Laboratory of Physic and Synthesis Organic Chemistry (LaCOPS), University of Abomey-Calavi, Faculty of Sciences and Technics (FAST), BP: 4521, Cotonou, Benin; Pharmacognosy Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, B1.72.03 Av. E. Mounier 72, B-1200 Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Eléonore Yayi Ladekan
- National Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, Benin center of Scientific and Technical Research (CBRST), BP 06 Oganla, Porto-Novo, Benin
| | - Fernand Gbaguidi
- National Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, Benin center of Scientific and Technical Research (CBRST), BP 06 Oganla, Porto-Novo, Benin
| | - Michel Frédérich
- Université de Liège, Drug Research Center, Laboratoire de Pharmacognosie, Av. de l׳Hôpital 1, B36, B-4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Mansourou Moudachirou
- National Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, Benin center of Scientific and Technical Research (CBRST), BP 06 Oganla, Porto-Novo, Benin
| | - Joëlle Quetin-Leclercq
- Pharmacognosy Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, B1.72.03 Av. E. Mounier 72, B-1200 Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Georges C Accrombessi
- Laboratory of Physic and Synthesis Organic Chemistry (LaCOPS), University of Abomey-Calavi, Faculty of Sciences and Technics (FAST), BP: 4521, Cotonou, Benin
| | - Joanne Bero
- Pharmacognosy Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, B1.72.03 Av. E. Mounier 72, B-1200 Bruxelles, Belgium.
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Ajayi AM, Tanayen JK, Ezeonwumelu J, Dare S, Okwanachi A, Adzu B, Ademowo OG. Anti-inflammatory, Anti-nociceptive and Total polyphenolic Content of Hydroethanolic Extract of Ocimum gratissimum L. Leaves. Afr J Med Med Sci 2014; 43:215-224. [PMID: 26689550 PMCID: PMC4682892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Ocimum gratissimum has been reported in several ethnopharmacological surveys as a plant readily accessible to the communities and widely used with a lot of therapeutic potentials. In this study, we aimed to experimentally evaluate the anti-inflammatory effects of hydro-ethanolic extract in animal models of inflammation and nociception and membrane stabilization assay. O gratissimum leaves hydroethanolic extract was subjected to phytochemical screening and spectrophotometric quantification of polyphenolics. The extract was investigated for anti-inflammatory effects in carrageenan -induced paw oedema and cotton pellet - induced granuloma in rats. The antinociceptive effects were investigated in acetic acid -induced writhing in mice and formalin test in rats. Animals were randomly divided into groups; negative control, extract treated (200 -800 mg/kg) and indomethacin (10 mg/kg) standard reference groups. In- vitro anti-inflammatory activity was performed by testing for membrane stability in heat/hypotonic solution -induced rat erythrocytes destabilization assay. Phytochemical screening revealed presence of saponins, tannins, alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenoids, and cardenolides. Quantification of the polyphenolic content revealed the presence of appreciable quantities of phenolics and flavonoids. Carrageenan-induced paw oedema, cotton-pellet granuloma, acetic acid -induced writhing and formalin induced paw licking tests showed that hydroethanolic extract of O gratissimum possess anti-inflammatory and anti-nociceptive effects. The extract did not induce gastric lesion formation in stomach of cotton-pellet granuloma rats. The extract was more efficient at reducing membrane destabilization than indomethacin in the membrane stability assay. These results suggest that hydroethanolic extract of O gratissimum leaves exhibits anti-inflammatory and anti-nociceptive effects in the animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Ajayi
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Nigeria ; Kampala International University Complementary and Alternative Medicine Research Group, Western Campus, Ishaka, Bushenyi, Uganda
| | - J K Tanayen
- Kampala International University Complementary and Alternative Medicine Research Group, Western Campus, Ishaka, Bushenyi, Uganda
| | - Joc Ezeonwumelu
- Kampala International University Complementary and Alternative Medicine Research Group, Western Campus, Ishaka, Bushenyi, Uganda
| | - S Dare
- Kampala International University Complementary and Alternative Medicine Research Group, Western Campus, Ishaka, Bushenyi, Uganda
| | - A Okwanachi
- Kampala International University Complementary and Alternative Medicine Research Group, Western Campus, Ishaka, Bushenyi, Uganda
| | - B Adzu
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, National Institute for Pharmaceutical Research and Development, PMB 21 Abuja, Nigeria
| | - O G Ademowo
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Nigeria ; Institute for Advanced Medical Research and Training (IAMRAT), College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Nigeria
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Akpan OU, Bassey RB, Agba BS, Edegha IA. Elevation of serum pancreatic amylase and distortion of pancreatic cyto-architecture in type 1 diabetes mellitus rats treated with Ocimum gratissimum. Niger Med J 2014; 55:34-8. [PMID: 24970967 PMCID: PMC4071660 DOI: 10.4103/0300-1652.128157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Diabetes mellitus has been shown to cause severe impairment in exocrine pancreatic function and cyto-architecture. Ocimum grattissimum has been reported to lower blood glucose levels in experimental diabetic animals. This study, therefore, aims to investigate if treatment with O. grattissimum can alleviate these pancreatic complications of diabetes mellitus. The phytoconstituents and median lethal dose of the plant extract were determined. Materials and Methods: Eighteen rats were divided into three groups of six rats each. Diabetes mellitus was induced by single intraperitoneal injection of 65 mg/kg streptozotocin. Group 1 was the control and were given normal feed only; Group 2 was of diabetic untreated rats, while Group 3 was O. grattissimum-treated diabetic rats at a dose of 1,500 mg/kg. After 28 days, blood was collected by cardiac puncture of the anaesthetised animals and the serum was obtained for analysis of serum pancreatic amylase. Permanent preparations using routine biopsy method were employed for histological preparations. Results: Results showed that the level of pancreatic serum amylase in the test groups (diabetic and diabetic-treated) were significantly higher (P < 0.05) than the control group, while the diabetic-treated group was significantly lower than the diabetic group. Atrophic acinar tissue without β-cells was noted in the diabetic and diabetic-treated groups. Patchy areas of necrosis, oedematous interstitium, haemorrhagic and necrotic acinar cells were present in diabetic-treated groups. Conclusion: Direct association exists between the hyperglycaemic state caused by diabetes mellitus and the elevation of the serum pancreatic amylase and distortion of pancreatic cyto-achitecture. O. grattissimum-treatment reduced serum pancreatic amylase level to near normal and limit the extent of structural damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Okon Uduak Akpan
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of Uyo, Uyo, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria
| | - Rosemary Basiono Bassey
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of Uyo, Uyo, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria
| | - Bisong Sunday Agba
- Department of Physiology, College of Medical Sciences, University of Calabar, Calabar, Cross River State, Nigeria
| | - Innocent Asuquo Edegha
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of Uyo, Uyo, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria
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Iroanya OO, Adebesin OA, Okpuzor J. Evaluation of the Hepato and Nephron-Protective Effect of a Polyherbal Mixture using Wistar Albino Rats. J Clin Diagn Res 2014; 8:HC15-21. [PMID: 25121002 PMCID: PMC4129255 DOI: 10.7860/jcdr/2014/5875.4501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2013] [Accepted: 04/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
AIM A polyherbal formulation prepared from a mixture of leaves of Gongronema latifolia, Ocimum gratissimum and Vernonia amygdalina (GOV) was evaluated for hepato-nephro protective properties against acetaminophen-induced toxicity in Wistar albino rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS Normal Wistar albino rats were orally treated with different doses of GOV extract (2, 4 and 8 g/kg b. wt), distilled water and some standard hepatoprotective drugs such as Liv 52 and silymarin for 14 days. However, a day prior to the 14th day, 3 g/kg body weight dose of Acetaminophen (APAP) was administered p.o. 1h before GOV and the standard drugs to induce hepatic and renal damage. The normal control was setup which received only distilled water. The serum levels of liver marker enzymes, biochemical analytes, antioxidant enzymes and hematological parameters were monitored. RESULTS The results showed that pretreatment of experimental animals with a different doses of the polyherbal formulation dose dependently caused a significant (p≤0.05) increase in the levels of most of the measured hematological parameters but significantly (p≤0.05) reduced the levels of MCV and monocytes when compared to the APAP induced toxin control group. Rats pretreated with GOV exhibited significant (p < 0.05) increase in serum levels of ALP, ALT, AST, GGT, LDH, Cholesterol, Triglycerides, Urea and a subsequent decrease in Albumin, Creatine and Total protein when compared to the normal rats. This trend in enzyme and biochemical analytes levels were significantly (p < 0.05) reversed when compared to toxin control group. GOV significantly (p < 0.05) and dose dependently increased the serum, kidney and hepatic CAT, GPx, GSH, GST, SOD and total protein activity in APAP induced damage in rats compared to the toxin control groups. CONCLUSION The data from this study suggest that the polyherbal formulation possess hepato and nephron-protective potential against acetaminophen induced hepatotoxicity in rats, thus providing scientific rationale for its use in traditional medicine for the treatment of liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Olumide Adedapo Adebesin
- Assistant Lecturer, Department of Cell Biology and Genetics,University of Lagos, Akoka – Yaba, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Joy Okpuzor
- Professor and Head, Department of Cell Biology and Genetics,University of Lagos, Akoka – Yaba, Lagos, Nigeria
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Casanova LM, da Silva D, Sola-Penna M, Camargo LM, Celestrini Dde M, Tinoco LW, Costa SS. Identification of chicoric acid as a hypoglycemic agent from Ocimum gratissimum leaf extract in a biomonitoring in vivo study. Fitoterapia 2014; 93:132-41. [PMID: 24418658 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2013.12.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2013] [Revised: 12/29/2013] [Accepted: 12/31/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Ocimum gratissimum L. is popularly used to treat diabetes mellitus. The hypoglycemic activity of this medicinal species has been confirmed by in vivo studies. The present study conducted a chemical investigation of a leaf decoction (10% p/v) of O. gratissimum monitored by in vivo hypoglycemic activity assays. Four phenolic substances were identified: L-caftaric acid (1), L-chicoric acid (2), eugenyl-β-D-glucopyranoside (3) and vicenin-2 (4). The acute hypoglycemic activity of the O. gratissimum decoction fractions Og1-S (300 mg/kg), Og1-A (240 mg/kg) and Og1-B (80 mg/kg) was evaluated intraperitoneally in normal and streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice. They reduced glycemia by 63%, 76% and 60% (in 120 min), respectively, in the diabetic mice. Subfractions of Og1-A were also evaluated under the same conditions: Og1-AS (200 mg/kg) and Og1-AP (40 mg/kg) produced a decrease of only 37% and 39%, respectively. Among the major phenolic substances, only chicoric acid (2; 3 mg/kg) reduced significantly the glycemic levels of diabetic mice by 53%, 120 min after treatment. This is the first study describing the hypoglycemic activity of chicoric acid in an animal model of diabetes mellitus. In addition, we suggest that there may be other substances contributing to this activity. Thus, for the first time, a correlation is established between the hypoglycemic activity of O. gratissimum and its chemical composition.
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46
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Gupta A, Sheth NR, Pandey S, Shah DR, Yadav JS. Design and evaluation of herbal hepatoprotective formulation against paracetamol induced liver toxicity. J Young Pharm 2014; 5:180-7. [PMID: 24563599 DOI: 10.1016/j.jyp.2013.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2013] [Accepted: 12/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To isolate and identify the quercetin from polyherbal hepatoprotective formulation. Polyherbal formulations were developed by using five bioactive fractionated extracts of Butea monosperma, Bauhinia variegata and Ocimum gratissimum for treatment of liver disorders by exploiting the knowledge of traditional system of medicine and evaluated for hepatoprotective activity using acute liver toxicity model of paracetamol induced liver damage in rats. METHODS Major active fractions were isolated by solvent fractionation and quantified by HPTLC method. Two polyherbal tablet formulations were developed by the wet granulation method using microcrystalline cellulose, aerosil and other excipients and subjected for physicochemical evaluation to assess physical stability followed by pharmacological screening. The prepared tablets were finally subjected to stability testing to assess its shelf-life. The rats were monitored for change in liver morphology, biochemical parameters like serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase (SGPT), serum glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (SGOT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and total bilirubin for polyherbal tablet formulation at 50 mg/kg and polyherbal tablet formulation at 100 mg/kg. RESULTS Active principle was isolated, quantified by HPTLC and characterized with IR. Both formulations showed significant hepatoprotective activity. The histological studies were also support the biochemical parameters. From the results of biochemical analysis and histopathological studies, it can be accomplished that polyherbal tablet formulation at 100 mg/kg can be effectively formulated into a suitable dosage form with added benefit of no side effects for control and cure of chronic ailments like liver disorders. A comparative histopathological study of liver exhibited almost normal architecture as compared to toxicant group. CONCLUSION Biochemical marker showed improved results for polyherbal tablet formulation at 100 mg/kg. Polyherbal tablet formulation contains a potent hepatoprotective agent suggested to be a flavone concentrated in polyherbal formulation which may find clinical application in amelioration of paracetamol induced liver damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arti Gupta
- Maliba Pharmacy College, Bardoli, Gujarat, India
| | - Navin R Sheth
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Saurashtra University, Rajkot, Gujarat, India
| | - Sonia Pandey
- Maliba Pharmacy College, Bardoli, Gujarat, India
| | | | - Jitendra S Yadav
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Vidya Bharti Trust College of Pharmacy, Bardoli, Gujarat, India
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Igbinosa EO, Uzunuigbe EO, Igbinosa IH, Odjadjare EE, Igiehon NO, Emuedo OA. In vitro assessment of antioxidant, phytochemical and nutritional properties of extracts from the leaves of Ocimum gratissimum (Linn). Afr J Tradit Complement Altern Med 2013; 10:292-8. [PMID: 24311838 PMCID: PMC3847418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The antioxidant, phytochemical and nutritional properties of acetone, methanol and aqueous extracts of the leaves of Ocimum gratissimum (Linn) were investigated to evaluate the therapeutic and nutritional potential of the leaves of this plant. The antioxidant of the plant extracts were assessed against 1,1-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt (ABTS) and ferric reducing agent. Total phenolics, flavonoids, flavonols and proanthocyanidins were determined to assess their corresponding effect on the antioxidant activity of this plant. The extracts exhibited DPPH and ABTS(·+) radical scavenging activities, which was comparable to butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT). The phytochemical screening revealed the presence of alkaloids, tannins, saponin, steroids, cardiacglycoside, flavonoid, terpenoids and phenol. The proximate analysis confirms that the leaves contain appreciable amount of ash, crude protein, lipids, fibre and carbohydrates. The macro and micro elements and constituents revealed that the leaves contain significant amount of sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, iron, zinc, phosphorus, copper, nitrogen, and manganese. This study shows that the leaf can be used as a therapeutic agent and justifies its application in folkloric medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Etinosa O Igbinosa
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Benin, PMB 1154 Benin City, Nigeria ; Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Fort Hare, Private Bag X1314 Alice 5700, South Africa
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Joshi RK. Chemical Composition, In Vitro Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Activities of the Essential Oils of Ocimum Gratissimum, O. Sanctum and their Major Constituents. Indian J Pharm Sci 2013; 75:457-62. [PMID: 24302801 PMCID: PMC3831728 DOI: 10.4103/0250-474x.119834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2013] [Revised: 05/28/2013] [Accepted: 06/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The essential oils of the flowering aerial parts of two Ocimum species viz., Ocimum gratissimum and O. sanctum were analyzed by gas chromatography and gas chromatography/mass spectroscopy. The principal constituent of O. gratissimum and O. sanctum was eugenol (75.1%) and methyl eugenol (92.4%), comprising 99.3 and 98.9% of the total oils, respectively. In vitro antimicrobial activity of the essential oils of O. gratissimum, O. sanctum and their major compounds eugenol and methyl eugenol were screened by using tube dilution methods. O. gratissimum oil was found highly active against S. marcescens while O. sanctum oil showed significant activity against A. niger and S. faecalis. Methyl eugenol exhibited significant activity against P. aeruginosa while eugenol was effective only against S. aureus. Antioxidant activity of oils, eugenol, and methyl eugenol was determined by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl and 2,2'- azino-bis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) assays. Essential oil of O. gratissimum showed comparative antioxidant activity with IC50 values 23.66±0.55 and 23.91±0.49 μg/ml in 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl and 2,2'- azino-bis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) models, respectively. Eugenol showed slightly weaker antioxidant activity compared to oil of O. gratissimum, while O. sanctum oil demonstrated very feeble antioxidant activity and methyl eugenol did not show any activity. Eugenol and methyl eugenol would be elite source from O. gratissimum and O. sanctum, respectively, of this region could be consider as a source of natural food antioxidant, preservatives, and as an antiseptic.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. K. Joshi
- Department of Phytochemistry, Regional Medical Research Center (Indian Council of Medical Research), Belgaum-590 010, India
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Nangia-Makker P, Raz T, Tait L, Shekhar MPV, Li H, Balan V, Makker H, Fridman R, Maddipati K, Raz A. Ocimum gratissimum retards breast cancer growth and progression and is a natural inhibitor of matrix metalloproteases. Cancer Biol Ther 2013; 14:417-27. [PMID: 23380593 DOI: 10.4161/cbt.23762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Ocimum genus (a.k.a holy basil or tulsi) is a dietary herb used for its multiple beneficial pharmacologic properties including anti-cancer activity. Here we show that crude extract of Ocimum gratissimum (OG) and its hydrophobic and hydrophilic fractions (HB and HL) differentially inhibit breast cancer cell chemotaxis and chemoinvasion in vitro and retard tumor growth and temporal progression of MCF10ADCIS.com xenografts, a model of human breast comedo-ductal carcinoma in situ (comedo-DCIS). OG-induced inhibition of tumor growth was associated with decreases in basement membrane disintegration, angiogenesis and MMP-2 and MMP-9 activities as confirmed by in situ gelatin zymography and cleavage of galectin-3. There was also decrease in MMP-2 and MMP-9 activities in the conditioned media of OG-treated MCF10AT1 and MCF10AT1-EIII8 premalignant human breast cancer cells as compared with control. The MMP-2 and MMP-9 inhibitory activities of OG were verified in vitro using gelatin, a synthetic fluorogenic peptide and recombinant galectin-3 as MMP substrates. Mice fed on OG-supplemented drinking water showed no adverse effects compared with control. These data suggest that OG is non-toxic and that the anti-cancer therapeutic activity of OG may in part be contributed by its MMP inhibitory activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pratima Nangia-Makker
- Department of Oncology, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA.
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Okoli CO, Ezike AC, Agwagah OC, Akah PA. Anticonvulsant and anxiolytic evaluation of leaf extracts of Ocimum gratissimum, a culinary herb. Pharmacognosy Res 2010; 2:36-40. [PMID: 21808537 PMCID: PMC3140126 DOI: 10.4103/0974-8490.60580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2009] [Revised: 11/12/2009] [Accepted: 03/13/2010] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Anticonvulsant and anxiolytic activities of leaf extracts and fraction of Ocimum gratissimum L. (Lamiaceae) were studied using seizures induced by pentylenetetrazol and open-field tests in mice. The results showed that the extracts and fraction increased the latency of tonic and tonic-clonic seizures and death and elicited 50% protection against mortality. In the open-field test, the extracts and fraction decreased the frequency of line crossing, center square entries, rearing against a wall and grooming, whereas grooming duration and freezing frequency and duration were increased. Acute toxicity test in mice gave an oral LD(50) greater than 5000 mg/kg for the methanol extract. These findings suggest that extracts of this plant possess anticonvulsant and anxiolytic-like properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- C. O. Okoli
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nigeria, Nsukka - 410 001, Enugu State, Nigeria
| | - A. C. Ezike
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nigeria, Nsukka - 410 001, Enugu State, Nigeria
| | - O. C. Agwagah
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nigeria, Nsukka - 410 001, Enugu State, Nigeria
| | - P. A. Akah
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nigeria, Nsukka - 410 001, Enugu State, Nigeria
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