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Liu D, Li L, Shi BL, Shi B, Li MD, Qiu Y, Zhao D, Shen QD, Zhu ZZ. Ultrasound-triggered piezocatalytic composite hydrogels for promoting bacterial-infected wound healing. Bioact Mater 2023; 24:96-111. [PMID: 36582346 PMCID: PMC9772564 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2022.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Wound healing has become one of the basic issues faced by the medical community because of the susceptibility of skin wounds to bacterial infection. As such, it is highly desired to design a nanocomposite hydrogel with excellent antibacterial activity to achieve high wound closure effectiveness. Here, based on ultrasound-triggered piezocatalytic therapy, a multifunctional hydrogel is designed to promote bacteria-infected wound healing. Under ultrasonic vibration, the surface of barium titanate (BaTiO3, BT) nanoparticles embedded in the hydrogel rapidly generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) owing to the established strong built-in electric field, endowing the hydrogel with superior antibacterial efficacy. This modality shows intriguing advantages over conventional photodynamic therapy, such as prominent soft tissue penetration ability and the avoidance of serious skin phototoxicity after systemic administration of photosensitizers. Moreover, the hydrogel based on N-[tris(hydroxymethyl)methyl]acrylamide (THM), N-(3-aminopropyl)methacrylamide hydrochloride (APMH) and oxidized hyaluronic acid (OHA) exhibits outstanding self-healing and bioadhesive properties able to accelerate full-thickness skin wound healing. Notably, compared with the widely reported mussel-inspired adhesive hydrogels, OHA/THM-APMH hydrogel due to the multiple hydrogen bonds from unique tri-hydroxyl structure overcomes the shortage that catechol groups are easily oxidized, giving it long-term and repeatable adhesion performance. Importantly, this hybrid hydrogel confines BT nanoparticles to wound area and locally induced piezoelectric catalysis under ultrasound to eradicate bacteria, markedly improving the therapeutic biosafety and exhibits great potential for harmless treatment of bacteria-infected tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dun Liu
- Division of Spine Surgery, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Lei Li
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of High-Performance Polymer Materials and Technology of MOE, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Ben-Long Shi
- Division of Spine Surgery, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Bo Shi
- Division of Spine Surgery, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Ming-Ding Li
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of High-Performance Polymer Materials and Technology of MOE, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Yong Qiu
- Division of Spine Surgery, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Di Zhao
- Institute of Brain Science and Disease, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266001, China
| | - Qun-Dong Shen
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of High-Performance Polymer Materials and Technology of MOE, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Ze-Zhang Zhu
- Division of Spine Surgery, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008, China
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Li M, Wei R, Liu C, Fang H, Yang W, Wang Y, Xian Y, Zhang K, He Y, Zhou X. A "T.E.S.T." hydrogel bioadhesive assisted by corneal cross-linking for in situ sutureless corneal repair. Bioact Mater 2023; 25:333-346. [PMID: 36844364 PMCID: PMC9946819 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2023.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Corneal transplantation is an effective clinical treatment for corneal diseases, which, however, is limited by donor corneas. It is of great clinical value to develop bioadhesive corneal patches with functions of "Transparency" and "Epithelium & Stroma generation", as well as "Suturelessness" and "Toughness". To simultaneously meet the "T.E.S.T." requirements, a light-curable hydrogel is designed based on methacryloylated gelatin (GelMA), Pluronic F127 diacrylate (F127DA) & Aldehyded Pluronic F127 (AF127) co-assembled bi-functional micelles and collagen type I (COL I), combined with clinically applied corneal cross-linking (CXL) technology for repairing damaged cornea. The patch formed after 5 min of ultraviolet irradiation possesses transparent, highly tough, and strongly bio-adhesive performance. Multiple cross-linking makes the patch withstand deformation near 600% and exhibit a burst pressure larger than 400 mmHg, significantly higher than normal intraocular pressure (10-21 mmHg). Besides, the slower degradation than GelMA-F127DA&AF127 hydrogel without COL I makes hydrogel patch stable on stromal beds in vivo, supporting the regrowth of corneal epithelium and stroma. The hydrogel patch can replace deep corneal stromal defects and well bio-integrate into the corneal tissue in rabbit models within 4 weeks, showing great potential in surgeries for keratoconus and other corneal diseases by combining with CXL.
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Key Words
- AF127, Aldehyded Pluronic F127
- AS-OCT, Anterior Segment Optical Coherence Tomography
- Bioadhesives
- CCK-8, Cell Counting Kit-8
- COL I, Collagen Type I
- CXL
- CXL, Corneal Cross-linking
- Corneal patch
- DLS, Dynamic Light Scattering
- DMEM, Dulbecco's Modified Eagle's Medium
- ECM, Extracellular Matrix
- F127DA, Pluronic F127 diacrylate
- FBS, Fetal Bovine Serum
- GelMA, Methacryloylated Gelatin
- H&E, Hematoxylin and Eosin
- IHC, Immunohistochemistry
- IOP, Intraocular Pressure
- PBS, Phosphate-buffered Saline
- RF, Riboflavin-5-phosphate
- ROS, Reactive Oxygen Species
- SD, Standard Deviation
- Sutureless repair
- TEM, Transmission Electron Microscopy
- Tough hydrogel
- UV, Ultraviolet
- α-SMA, Alpha Smooth Muscle Actin
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiyan Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, EYE & ENT Hospital of Fudan University Shanghai, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia (Fudan University), Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Research Center of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Shanghai, China
| | - Ruoyan Wei
- Department of Ophthalmology, EYE & ENT Hospital of Fudan University Shanghai, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia (Fudan University), Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Research Center of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Shanghai, China
| | - Chang Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, EYE & ENT Hospital of Fudan University Shanghai, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia (Fudan University), Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Research Center of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Shanghai, China
| | - Haowei Fang
- Department of Polymer Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Weiming Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, EYE & ENT Hospital of Fudan University Shanghai, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia (Fudan University), Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Research Center of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Shanghai, China
- Department of Ophthalmology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Yunzhe Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, EYE & ENT Hospital of Fudan University Shanghai, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia (Fudan University), Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Research Center of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiyong Xian
- Department of Ophthalmology, EYE & ENT Hospital of Fudan University Shanghai, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia (Fudan University), Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Research Center of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Shanghai, China
| | - Kunxi Zhang
- Department of Polymer Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
- Corresponding author.
| | - Yong He
- State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, School of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Corresponding author.
| | - Xingtao Zhou
- Department of Ophthalmology, EYE & ENT Hospital of Fudan University Shanghai, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia (Fudan University), Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Research Center of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Shanghai, China
- Corresponding author. Department of Ophthalmology, EYE & ENT Hospital of Fudan University Shanghai, China.
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Tran TO, Vo TH, Lam LHT, Le NQK. ALDH2 as a potential stem cell-related biomarker in lung adenocarcinoma: Comprehensive multi-omics analysis. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2023; 21:1921-1929. [PMID: 36936815 PMCID: PMC10018390 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2023.02.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is the most prevalent lung cancer and one of the leading causes of death. Previous research found a link between LUAD and Aldehyde Dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2), a member of aldehyde dehydrogenase gene (ALDH) superfamily. In this study, we identified additional useful prognostic markers for early LUAD identification and targeting LUAD therapy by analyzing the expression level, epigenetic mechanism, and signaling activities of ALDH2 in LUAD patients. The obtained results demonstrated that ALDH2 gene and protein expression significantly downregulated in LUAD patient samples. Furthermore, The American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) reported that diminished ALDH2 expression was closely linked to worse overall survival (OS) in different stages of LUAD. Considerably, ALDH2 showed aberrant DNA methylation status in LUAD cancer. ALDH2 was found to be downregulated in the proteomic expression profile of several cell biology signaling pathways, particularly stem cell-related pathways. Finally, the relationship of ALDH2 activity with stem cell-related factors and immune system were reported. In conclusion, the downregulation of ALDH2, abnormal DNA methylation, and the consequent deficit of stemness signaling pathways are relevant prognostic and therapeutic markers in LUAD.
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Key Words
- 4-HNE, 4-Hydroxynonenal
- AJCC, American Joint Committee On Cancer
- ALDH, Aldehyde Dehydrogenase
- Aldehyde Dehydrogenase 2
- CGI, Cpg Island
- CPTAC, Clinical Proteomic Tumor Analysis Consortium
- CSCs, Cancer Stem Cells
- Cancer stem cells
- DNA methylation
- Gene expression
- IHC, Immunohistochemical
- LCSCs, Liver Cancer Stem Cells
- LUAD, Lung Adenocarcinoma
- Lung adenocarcinoma
- MAPK, Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase
- MDA, Malondialdehyde
- NSCLC, Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer
- OS, Overall Survival
- Protein expression
- ROS, Reactive Oxygen Species
- SCLC, Small Cell Lung Cancer
- Survival analysis
- TCGA, The Cancer Genome Atlas
- TMT, Tandem Mass Tags
- TNM, Tumor-Node-Metastasis
- UICC, International Union For Cancer Control
- XRCC1, X-Ray Repair Cross-Complementing Protein 1
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Affiliation(s)
- Thi-Oanh Tran
- International Ph.D. Program for Cell Therapy and Regeneration Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
- Hematology and Blood Transfusion Center, Bach Mai Hospital, No.78, Giai Phong street, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Thanh Hoa Vo
- Department of Science, School of Science and Computing, South East Technological University, Waterford X91 K0EK, Ireland
- Pharmaceutical and Molecular Biotechnology Research Center (PMBRC), South East Technological University, Waterford X91 K0EK, Ireland
| | - Luu Ho Thanh Lam
- Department of Pediatrics, Pham Ngoc Thach University of Medicine, Ho Chi Minh city, Viet Nam
- Children’s Hospital 1, Ho Chi Minh city, Viet Nam
| | - Nguyen Quoc Khanh Le
- Professional Master Program in Artificial Intelligence in Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
- Research Center for Artificial Intelligence in Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
- Translational Imaging Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 110, Taiwan
- Corresponding author at: Professional Master Program in Artificial Intelligence in Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 106, Taiwan.
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Huang C, Deng W, Xu HZ, Zhou C, Zhang F, Chen J, Bao Q, Zhou X, Liu M, Li J, Liu C. Short-chain fatty acids reprogram metabolic profiles with the induction of reactive oxygen species production in human colorectal adenocarcinoma cells. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2023; 21:1606-1620. [PMID: 36874158 PMCID: PMC9975252 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2023.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) exhibit anticancer activity in cellular and animal models of colon cancer. Acetate, propionate, and butyrate are the three major SCFAs produced from dietary fiber by gut microbiota fermentation and have beneficial effects on human health. Most previous studies on the antitumor mechanisms of SCFAs have focused on specific metabolites or genes involved in antitumor pathways, such as reactive oxygen species (ROS) biosynthesis. In this study, we performed a systematic and unbiased analysis of the effects of acetate, propionate, and butyrate on ROS levels and metabolic and transcriptomic signatures at physiological concentrations in human colorectal adenocarcinoma cells. We observed significantly elevated levels of ROS in the treated cells. Furthermore, significantly regulated signatures were involved in overlapping pathways at metabolic and transcriptomic levels, including ROS response and metabolism, fatty acid transport and metabolism, glucose response and metabolism, mitochondrial transport and respiratory chain complex, one-carbon metabolism, amino acid transport and metabolism, and glutaminolysis, which are directly or indirectly linked to ROS production. Additionally, metabolic and transcriptomic regulation occurred in a SCFAs types-dependent manner, with an increasing degree from acetate to propionate and then to butyrate. This study provides a comprehensive analysis of how SCFAs induce ROS production and modulate metabolic and transcriptomic levels in colon cancer cells, which is vital for understanding the mechanisms of the effects of SCFAs on antitumor activity in colon cancer.
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Key Words
- 1H–13C HMBC, 1H–13C Heteronuclear Multiple Bond Correlation Spectroscopy
- 1H–13C HSQC, 1H–13C Heteronuclear Single Quantum Coherence Spectroscopy
- 1H–1H COSY, 1H–1H Correlation Spectroscopy
- 1H–1H TOCSY, 1H–1H Total Correlation Spectroscopy
- ADP, Adenosine diphosphate
- AMP, Adenosine monophosphate
- ATP, Adenosine triphosphate
- Ace, Acetate
- Ach, Acetylcholine
- Ala, Alanine
- CRC, Colorectal Cancer
- Caco-2, Human Colon Adenocarcinoma
- Cho, Choline
- CoA, Coenzyme A
- Cre, Creatine
- DCFH-DA, Dichloro-Dihydro-Fluorescein Diacetate
- DEGs, Differentially Expressed Genes
- DMEM, Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium
- DMG, Dimethylglycine
- DNA, Deoxyribonucleic Acid
- EP, Eppendorf
- FA, Formate
- FDR, False Discovery Rate
- Fru, Fructose
- Fum, Fumaric acid
- GLS, Glutaminase
- GSEA, Gene Set Enrichment Analysis
- GSH, Glutathione
- Gal-1-P, Galactose-1-phosphate
- Glc, Glucose
- Gln, Glutamine
- Glu, Glutamate
- Gly, Glycine
- HCT116, Human Colorectal Carcinoma Cell Line
- HEK, Human Embryonic Kidney cells
- HT29, Human Colorectal Adenocarcinoma Cell Line with Epithelial Morphology
- His, Histidine
- Ile, Isoleucine
- J-Res, J-resolved Spectroscopy
- LDH, Lactate Dehydrogenase
- Lac, Lactate
- Leu, Leucine
- Lys, Lysine
- MCF-7, Human Breast Cancer Cell Line with Estrogen
- MCT, Monocarboxylate Transporters
- Met, Methionine
- MetS, Metabolic Syndrome
- Mitochondrial function
- NAD+, Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide
- NAG, N-Acetyl-L-Glutamine
- NMR, Nuclear Magnetic Resonance
- NMR-based Metabolomics
- NOESY, Nuclear Overhauser Effect Spectroscopy
- O-PLS-DA, Orthogonal Projection to the Latent Structures Discriminant Analysis
- PA, Pantothenate
- PC, Phosphocholine
- PCA, Principal Component Analysis
- PDC, Pyruvate Decarboxylase
- PDK, Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Kinase
- PKC, Protein Kinase C
- PPP, Pentose Phosphate Pathway
- Phe, Phenylalanine
- Pyr, Pyruvate
- RNA, Ribonucleic Acid
- ROS, Reactive Oxygen Species
- RPKM, Reads per Kilobase of Transcript per Million Reads Mapped
- Reactive oxygen species
- SCFAs, Short Chain Fatty Acids
- SLC, Solute-Carrier Genes
- Short-chain fatty acids
- Suc, Succinate
- T2DM, Type 2 Diabetes
- TCA, Tricarboxylic Acid
- Tau, Taurine
- Thr, Threonine
- Transcriptomics
- Tyr, Tyrosine
- UDP, Uridine 5′-diphosphate
- UDP-GLC, UDP Glucose
- UDPG, UDP Glucuronate
- UDPGs, UDP Glucose and UDP Glucuronate
- UMP, Uridine 5′-monophosphate
- Val, Valine
- WST-1, Water-Soluble Tetrazolium salts
- dDNP, dissolution Dynamic Nuclear Polarization
- qRT-PCR, Real-Time Quantitative Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction
- α-KIV, α-Keto-isovalerate
- α-KMV, α-keto-β-methyl-valerate
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Affiliation(s)
- Chongyang Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Wenjun Deng
- Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Huan-Zhou Xu
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Chen Zhou
- Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Fan Zhang
- Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Junfei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Qinjia Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Optics Valley Laboratory, Hubei 430074, China
| | - Maili Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Optics Valley Laboratory, Hubei 430074, China
| | - Jing Li
- Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chaoyang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Optics Valley Laboratory, Hubei 430074, China
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Ayares G, Idalsoaga F, Díaz LA, Arnold J, Arab JP. Current Medical Treatment for Alcohol-Associated Liver Disease. J Clin Exp Hepatol 2022; 12:1333-1348. [PMID: 36157148 PMCID: PMC9499849 DOI: 10.1016/j.jceh.2022.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Alcohol-associated liver disease is one of the main causes of chronic liver disease. It comprises a clinical-histologic spectrum of presentations, from steatosis, steatohepatitis, to different degrees of fibrosis, including cirrhosis and severe necroinflammatory disease, called alcohol-associated hepatitis. In this focused update, we aim to present specific therapeutic interventions and strategies for the management of alcohol-associated liver disease. Current evidence for management in all spectra of manifestations is derived from general chronic liver disease recommendations, but with a higher emphasis on abstinence and nutritional support. Abstinence should comprise the treatment of alcohol use disorder as well as withdrawal syndrome. Nutritional assessment should also consider the presence of sarcopenia and its clinical manifestation, frailty. The degree of compensation of the disease should be evaluated, and complications, actively sought. The most severe acute form of this disease is alcohol-associated hepatitis, which has high mortality and morbidity. Current treatment is based on corticosteroids that act by reducing immune activation and blocking cytotoxicity and inflammation pathways. Other aspects of treatment include preventing and treating hepatorenal syndrome as well as preventing infections although there is no clear evidence as to the benefit of probiotics and antibiotics in prophylaxis. Novel therapies for alcohol-associated hepatitis include metadoxine, interleukin-22 analogs, and interleukin-1-beta antagonists. Finally, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, microbiota transplantation, and gut-liver axis modulation have shown promising results. We also discuss palliative care in advanced alcohol-associated liver disease.
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Key Words
- AC, Amoxicillin/clavulanate
- ACLF, Acute-on-Chronic Liver Failure
- ADLs, Activities of Daily Living
- AH, Alcohol-Associated Hepatitis
- AKI-HRS, Acute Kidney Injury - Hepatorenal Syndrome
- ALD
- ALD, Alcohol-Associated Liver Disease
- ASH, Alcoholic Steatohepatitis
- AUD, Alcohol Use Disorder
- AWS, Alcohol Withdrawal Syndrome
- BCAAs, Branched-Chain Amino Acids
- CDC, Center for Disease Control
- CI, Confidence Interval
- COVID-19, Coronavirus Disease 2019
- CT, Computerized Tomography
- GABA, gamma-aminobutyric acid agonist
- HBV, Hepatitis B Virus
- HCC, Hepatocellular Carcinoma
- HCV, Hepatitis C Virus
- HE, Hepatic Encephalopathy
- HIV, Human Immunodeficiency Virus
- HR, Hazard Ratio
- IBW, Ideal Body Weight
- ICA, International Club of Ascites
- IL-1β, Interleukin-1β
- IL-22, Interleukin-22
- KPS, Karnofsky Performance Status
- LB, Liver Biopsy
- LPS, Lipopolysaccharide
- LSM, Liver Stiffness Measurement
- LT, Liver Transplantation
- MDF, Maddrey’s Discriminant Function
- MELD, Model of End-Stage Liver Disease
- MRI, Magnetic Resonance Imaging
- MUST, Malnutrition Universal Screening Tool
- NIAAA, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism
- NRS-2002, Nutritional Risk Screening-2002
- OR, Odds Ratio
- PAMPs, Pathogen-Activated Molecular Patterns
- PMI, Psoas Muscle Index
- PTX, Pentoxifylline
- RAI, Relative Adrenal Insufficiency
- RCT, Randomized Clinical Trials
- RFH-NPT, Royal Free Hospital-Nutritional Prioritizing Tool
- ROS, Reactive Oxygen Species
- RR, Relative Risk
- SIRS, Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome
- TNF, Tumor Necrosis Factor
- WKS, Wernicke-Korsakoff Syndrome
- alcohol
- alcohol use disorders
- alcohol-associated hepatitis
- cirrhosis
- fatty liver disease
- steatosis
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo Ayares
- Departamento de Gastroenterología, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Francisco Idalsoaga
- Departamento de Gastroenterología, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Luis A. Díaz
- Departamento de Gastroenterología, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Jorge Arnold
- Departamento de Gastroenterología, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Juan P. Arab
- Departamento de Gastroenterología, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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Calderazzo S, Covert M, Alba DD, Bowley BE, Pessina MA, Rosene DL, Buller B, Medalla M, Moore TL. Neural recovery after cortical injury: Effects of MSC derived extracellular vesicles on motor circuit remodeling in rhesus monkeys. IBRO Neurosci Rep 2022; 13:243-254. [PMID: 36590089 PMCID: PMC9795302 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibneur.2022.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Reorganization of motor circuits in the cortex and corticospinal tract are thought to underlie functional recovery after cortical injury, but the mechanisms of neural plasticity that could be therapeutic targets remain unclear. Recent work from our group have shown that systemic treatment with mesenchymal stem cell derived (MSCd) extracellular vesicles (EVs) administered after cortical damage to the primary motor cortex (M1) of rhesus monkeys resulted in a robust recovery of fine motor function and reduced chronic inflammation. Here, we used immunohistochemistry for cfos, an activity-dependent intermediate early gene, to label task-related neurons in the surviving primary motor and premotor cortices, and markers of axonal and synaptic plasticity in the spinal cord. Compared to vehicle, EV treatment was associated with a greater density of cfos+ pyramidal neurons in the deep layers of M1, greater density of cfos+ inhibitory interneurons in premotor areas, and lower density of synapses on MAP2+ lower motor neurons in the cervical spinal cord. These data suggest that the anti-inflammatory effects of EVs may reduce injury-related upper motor neuron damage and hyperexcitability, as well as aberrant compensatory re-organization in the cervical spinal cord to improve motor function.
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Key Words
- CB, Calbindin
- CR, Calretinin
- CSC, Cervical Spinal Cord
- Circuit Remodeling
- Cortical Injury
- DH, Dorsal Horn
- EVs, Extracellular Vesicles
- Extracellular Vesicles
- Ischemia
- LCST, Lateral Corticospinal Tract
- M1, Primary Motor Cortex
- MAP2, Microtubule Associated Protein 2
- MSCd, Mesenchymal Stem Cell derived
- Motor Cortex
- NHP, Non-Human Primate
- PV, Parvalbumin
- Plasticity
- ROS, Reactive Oxygen Species
- SYN, Synaptophysin
- Stem Cell-Based Treatments
- VH, Ventral Horn
- dPMC, dorsal Premotor Cortex
- miRNA, Micro RNA
- periM1, Perilesional Primary Motor Cortex
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Douglas L. Rosene
- Anatomy and Neurobiology Dept, BUSM, USA,Center for Systems Neuroscience, BU, USA
| | | | - Maria Medalla
- Anatomy and Neurobiology Dept, BUSM, USA,Center for Systems Neuroscience, BU, USA
| | - Tara L. Moore
- Anatomy and Neurobiology Dept, BUSM, USA,Center for Systems Neuroscience, BU, USA
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Etaware PM. The effects of the phytochemistry of cocoa on the food chemistry of chocolate(s) and how disease resistance in cocoa can be improved using CRISPR/Cas9 technology. Food Chem (Oxf) 2021; 3:100043. [PMID: 35415660 PMCID: PMC8991945 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochms.2021.100043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/19/2021] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Consumers' rating of "chocolate brands" are majorly based on texture and taste rather than packaging. The texture/taste of a chocolate bar is largely influenced by the cocoa variety used for its production, whereas, its bioactive constituent is directly affected by the seed processing/chocolate manufacturing technique(s) adopted, and the additives used. Cacao is the key ingredient for chocolate production; therefore, the choicest varieties must be used to protect consumers' interest. Currently, the availability of the African variety is the only reason why it is globally sought-after for chocolate production rather than its taste. Therefore, a transfer of genetic materials from quality cocoa breeds into the high-yielding and resilient African variety or vice versa, would inferably increase the availability of quality cocoa beans all-year-round, and also increase the chances of obtaining sumptuous and palatable chocolates anywhere in the world.
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Key Words
- (-)-Catechin (PubChem CID: 73160)
- AFLP, Amplification Fragment Length Polymorphism
- Anthocyanin (PubChem CID: 11979368)
- BbsI, Biobricks Standard Idempotency (Restriction Endonuclease)
- CRISPR, Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats
- CRISPR/Cas9 technology for gene editing
- CTAB, Cetyl trimethylammonium bromide
- Cacao beans
- Caffeine (PubChem CID: 2519)
- Cas9, CRISPR-associated protein 9
- Chocolate
- Disease resistance
- EcoRI, Restriction Endonuclease Enzyme isolated from E. coli
- Epicatechin (PubChem CID: 1203)
- Food chemistry
- Genetically modified hybrids
- HDL, High-Density Lipoprotein
- HindIII, Site-specific Deoxyribonuclease Enzyme from Haemophilus Influenzae
- IL-1 to IL-10, Interleukin 1 to 10
- LDL, Low-Density Lipoprotein
- ORAC, Oxygen Radical Absorbance Capacity
- Oleic acid (PubChem CID: 445639)
- PAM, Protospacer-Adjacent Motif
- PCR, Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Palmitic acid (PubChem CID: 9881577)
- Phytochemicals
- Proanthocyanidin (PubChem CID: 108065)
- RDA, Recommended Dietary Allowance
- RFLP, Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism
- ROS, Reactive Oxygen Species
- Stearic acid (PubChem CID: 5281)
- T generation, Transgenic generation
- T-DNA, Transfer Deoxyribonucleic Acid
- TNF-a, Tumor Necrosis Factor “a”
- Theobromine (PubChem CID: 5429)
- Theophylline (PubChem CID: 2153)
- cGMP, Cyclic Guanosine Monophosphate
- crRNA, CRISPR RNA
- dCAPs, Derived Cleaved Amplified Polymorphic Sequences
- eNOS, Endothelium-derived Nitric Oxide Synthase
- psgR-Cas9-At, Phosphorylated Single Guide RNA-Cas9-At
- sgRNA, Single Guide Ribonucleic Acid
- tracrRNA, Trans-Activating CRISPR RNA
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Mudiaga Etaware
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria
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Abdollahi F, Farhang Dehghan S, Amanpour S, Haghparast A, Sabour S, Zendehdel R. Effect of Co-exposure to Heat and Psychological Stressors on Sperm DNA and Semen Parameters. Toxicol Rep 2021; 8:1948-1954. [PMID: 34917486 PMCID: PMC8646159 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2021.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Co-exposure to heat and psychological stressors on semen quality have been studied. Combined exposure group had significantly lower semen quality compared with those of others. Heat exposure group had a higher percentage of sperm DNA damage compared to others.
The present study aims to investigate the effects of co-exposure to heat and psychological stress on sperm DNA and semen parameters among male rats. The study was conducted on 40 healthy adult male Wistar rats. The rats were randomly categorized into four groups of same size consisting of a control group, a heat stress, psychological and co-exposure groups. The heat stress group was exposed to a temperature of 36 °C at 20% relative humidity. The psychological stress exposure group was subjected to three stressors including exposure to strobe light, noise and tilting cage. According the results,the co-exposure group had lower mean sperm parameters including sperm count (17.22 ± 4.22 106/ml), motility (42.63 ± 12.95 %), viability (48.50 ± 23.25 %), normal morphology (56 ± 7.5%), progressive motility (11.61 ± 7.81%), non-progressive motility (31.18 ± 7.77%), curvilinear velocity (24.11 ± 3.81 μm/s) and straight-line velocity (3.2 ± 1.4 μm/s) when compared with those of the other groups (P = 0.001). Mean sperm immobility (57.36 ± 12.95%) and non-progressive motility (37.93 ± 11.15%) in the co-exposure group was higher compared to the other groups (P = 0.001 and P = 0.333, respectively). Assessment of damage to sperm DNA revealed that the heat exposure group had a higher percentage of sperm DNA damage (9.44 ± 6.80 %) compared to others (P = 0.185). In case of all of exposure scenario, the chance that the semen quality decreased compared to the control group has been increased. In general the combined stress had a greater significant effect on sperm parameters compared to other exposure groups, except for DNA damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farnaz Abdollahi
- Department of Health and Safety at work, School of Public Health and Safety, Shahid Beheshti Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Somayeh Farhang Dehghan
- Environmental and Occupational Hazards Control Research Center, School of Public Health and Safety, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeid Amanpour
- Cancer Biology Research Center, Cancer Institute of Iran, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abbas Haghparast
- Neuroscience Research Center, Shahid Beheshti Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Siamak Sabour
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Safety, Shahid Beheshti Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Rezvan Zendehdel
- Environmental and Occupational Hazards Control Research Center, School of Public Health and Safety, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Chaudhry S, Dunn H, Carnt N, White A. Nutritional supplementation in the prevention and treatment of Glaucoma. Surv Ophthalmol 2021; 67:1081-1098. [PMID: 34896192 DOI: 10.1016/j.survophthal.2021.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 12/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Glaucoma is a chronic optic neuropathy that creates a significant burden on public health. Oxidative stress is hypothesised to play a role to glaucoma progression, and its reduction is being analysed as a therapeutic target. Dietary antioxidants play a crucial role in helping provide insight into this hypothesis. We reviewed 71 trials, interventional, I -vivo and I -vitro, including 11 randomised controlled trials, to determine if adjunctive nutritional supplementation could lead to a reduction in oxidative stress and prevent glaucomatous progression. Many laboratory findings show that vitamins and natural compounds contain an abundance of intrinsic antioxidative, neuroprotective and vasoprotective properties that show promise in the treatment and prevention of glaucoma. Although there is encouraging early evidence, most clincial findings are inconclusive. The group of B vitamins appear to have the greatest amount of evidence. Other compounds such as flavonoids, carotenoids, curcumin, saffron, CoQ10, Ggngko Biloba and Resveratrol however warrant further investigation in glaucoma patients. Studies of these antioxidants and other nutrients could create adjunctive or alternative preventative and treatment modalities for glaucoma to those currently available.
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Key Words
- AA, Ascorbic acid
- ARMD, Age Related Macular Degeneration
- CoQ10, Coenzyme Q10
- GON, Glaucomatous Optic Neuropathy
- Hcy, Homocysteine
- IOP, Intraocular pressure
- NO, Nitric Oxide
- NOS, Nitric Oxide Synthase
- NTG, Normal Tension Glaucoma
- POAG, Primary open angle Glaucoma;PEXG, Exfoliation Glaucoma
- PVD Primary vascular dysregulation
- RGC, Retinal Ganglion Cells
- ROS, Reactive Oxygen Species
- SC, Schlemm's Canal
- TM Trabecular Meshwork
- Vitamins, Nutrients, Glaucoma, Supplements, Reactive Oxygen Species, Open Angle Glaucoma, Trabecular Meshwork, Retinal Ganglion Cells, Oxidative Stress. Abbreviations
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Chaudhry
- Westmead Hospital, Westmead, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
| | - Hamish Dunn
- Westmead Hospital, Westmead, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; Westmead and Central Clinical Schools, Discipline of Clinical Ophthalmology and Eye Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; Save Sight Institute, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Nicole Carnt
- Westmead Hospital, Westmead, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; Westmead Institute of Medical Research, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia; Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Andrew White
- Westmead Hospital, Westmead, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; Westmead and Central Clinical Schools, Discipline of Clinical Ophthalmology and Eye Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; Westmead Institute of Medical Research, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia; Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; Save Sight Institute, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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10
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Archana KM, Rajagopal R, Krishnaswamy VG, Aishwarya S. Application of green synthesised copper iodide particles on cotton fabric-protective face mask material against COVID-19 pandemic. J Mater Res Technol 2021; 15:2102-2116. [PMID: 35864980 PMCID: PMC8440044 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmrt.2021.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/05/2021] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Microorganisms cause variety of diseases that constitutes a severe threat to mankind. Due to the upsurge of many infectious diseases, there is a high requirement and demand for the development of safety products finished with antimicrobial properties. The study involves the antimicrobial activity of natural cotton coated with copper iodide capped with Hibiscus rosa-sinensis L. flower extract (CuI-FE) which is rich in anthocyanin, cyanidin-3-sophoroside by ultrasonication method. The coated and uncoated cotton fabric was characterised through XRD, SEM, AFM, tensile strength and UV-Visible spectroscopic techniques. XRD confirmed the formation of CuI particles, SEM showed that CuI-FE was prismatic in shape. The average size of CuI-FE particles was found to be 552.45 nm. Anti-bacterial studies showed copper iodide particles to be a potent antimicrobial agent. AFM images confirmed the rupture of bacterial cell walls in the presence of prismatic CuI-FE. In-vitro cytotoxicity investigation of CuI-FE was performed against cancer and spleen cell lines to evaluate the cell viability. Cytotoxicity analysis revealed the IC50 value of 233.93 μg/mL in the presence of CuI-FE. Molecular docking study was also carried out to understand the interaction of CuI-FE with COVID-19 main protease. This paper has given an insight on the usage of CuI-FE coated on the cotton fabric that has proved to have strong inhibition against the nano ranged bacterial, cancerous cell line and a strong interaction with the COVID-19 protease. Such eco-friendly material will provide a safe environment even after the disposable of medical waste from the infectious diseases like influenza and current pandemic like COVID-19.
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Key Words
- COVID-19, Corona Virus Disease – 2019
- Cotton fabric
- Covid-19 main protease
- CuI
- CuI-FE, Copper iodide synthesized using Hibiscus rosa-sinensis L. flower extract
- Cyanidin-3-sophoroside
- DLA, Dalton's Lymphoma Ascites
- E. coli, Escherichia coli
- EAC, Ehrlich Ascites Carcinoma
- FE, Hibiscus rosa-sinensis L. flower extract
- Green synthesis
- PBS, Phosphate buffered saline
- PPE, Personal Protective Equipment
- ROS, Reactive Oxygen Species
- RPMI Medium, Roswell Park Memorial Institute Medium
- S. faecalis, Streptococcus faecalis
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Affiliation(s)
- K M Archana
- Department of Chemistry, Stella Maris College (Autonomous), Affiliated to University of Madras, Chennai, India
| | - Revathy Rajagopal
- Department of Chemistry, Stella Maris College (Autonomous), Affiliated to University of Madras, Chennai, India
| | - Veena Gayathri Krishnaswamy
- Department of Biotechnology, Stella Maris College (Autonomous), Affiliated to University of Madras, Chennai, India
| | - S Aishwarya
- Department of Bioinformatics, Stella Maris College (Autonomous), Affiliated to University of Madras, Chennai, India
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Mia MB, Saxena RK. Toxicity of poly-dispersed single-walled carbon nanotubes on bone marrow derived Hematopoietic Stem and Progenitor Cells. Curr Res Toxicol 2021; 2:82-92. [PMID: 34345853 PMCID: PMC8320641 DOI: 10.1016/j.crtox.2021.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2020] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
This study has explored the effect of acid-functionalized single-walled carbon nanotubes (AF-SWCNTs) on Hematopoietic Stem and Progenitor Cell (HSPCs) in mouse bone marrow. Administration of AF-SWCNTs induced a significant decline in the live-cell recovery from bone marrow. Lin-negative Stem cell enriched HSPCs internalized AF-SWCNTs that remained localized in cytoplasmic areas. Incubation of HSPCs with AF-SWCNTs resulted in induction of cell death, inhibition of cell cycle, and induction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) as well as the expression of Caspase 3, 7 and 9 enzymes. In vitro culture with a cytokine cocktail (SCF, GM-CSF, IL3, IL6, IL7) induced differentiation of HSPCs into lymphocytes and myeloid cells, that was inhibited in presence of AF-SWCNTs. Relative recoveries of lymphocytes specifically B lymphocytes, was significantly reduced by AF-SWCNT-treatment, whereas the relative recovery of myeloid cells remained unaltered. These results suggest that AF-SWCNTs have significant toxic effects on HSPCs and differentially suppress the ontogeny of lymphoid and myeloid cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md. Babu Mia
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, South Asian University, Akbar Bhawan, Chanakyapuri, New Delhi 110021, India
| | - Rajiv K. Saxena
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, South Asian University, Akbar Bhawan, Chanakyapuri, New Delhi 110021, India
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Oyem JC, Chris-Ozoko LE, Enaohwo MT, Otabor FO, Okudayo VA, Udi OA. Antioxidative properties of Ocimum gratissimum alters Lead acetate induced oxidative damage in lymphoid tissues and hematological parameters of adult Wistar rats. Toxicol Rep 2021; 8:215-222. [PMID: 33511038 PMCID: PMC7817492 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2021.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic lead toxicity was induced in male rats by oral administration of lead acetate. Effect of Ocimum gratissimum in lead acetate toxicity on spleen, thymus, and blood. Oral lead acetate administration led to oxidative damage in spleen, thymus and blood. Ocimum gratissimum extract reversed oxidative stress and enhanced antioxidant enzymes. Ocimum gratissimum averts lead acetate-induced toxicity in the blood, thymus and spleen.
Lead exposure is a well-known environmental hazard. Its accumulation in humans may pose a danger to health. The present study investigated the beneficial effect of Ocimum gratissimum extract (OG) in reducing lead acetate (LA) induced oxidative damage in the spleen, thymus, and hematological indices. We employed an in vivo model of LA induced Wistar rats and administered 125 mg/kg/bw and 250 mg/kg/bw of OG extracts respectively. Our control groups were divided into 2; the first group received normal saline, feed, and water while the second group was administered OG extracts only. We assessed the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT) in the thymus and spleen and estimated percentages of blood cells. Our results showed that LA induces oxidative damage by significantly elevating MDA and diminishing GSH levels, SOD, and CAT activities. LA administration led to a significant decline in blood parameters. However, co-administration with OG compensated oxidative stress by significantly reducing MDA, increasing GSH, SOD, and CAT. Oral administration of OG to rats attenuated anemia, thrombocytopenia, leucocytosis, eosinophilia, monocytosis, and neutropenia induced by LA. The present study indicates that LA induced Spleen, thymus, and blood toxicity, which was reversed by oral OG administration.
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Key Words
- Antioxidation
- BW, Bodyweight
- CAT, Catalase
- GSH, Glutathione
- H2O2, Hydrogen peroxide
- Hb, Hemaglobin
- LA, Lead Acetate
- Lead acetate
- MDA, malondialdehyde
- OG, Ocimum gratissimum
- Ocimum gratissimum
- Oxidative stress
- RBC, Red Blood Cell
- ROS, Reactive Oxygen Species
- SOD, Superoxide Dismustase
- Spleen
- Thymus
- WBC, White Blood Cell
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Affiliation(s)
- John Chukwuma Oyem
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Delta State University, Abraka, Nigeria
| | - Lilian Ebite Chris-Ozoko
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Delta State University, Abraka, Nigeria
| | - Mamerhi Taniyohwo Enaohwo
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Delta State University, Abraka, Nigeria
| | - Francisca Osamahemwem Otabor
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Delta State University, Abraka, Nigeria
| | - Vera Anieze Okudayo
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Delta State University, Abraka, Nigeria
| | - Onoriode Andrew Udi
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences (Anatomy Unit), College of Natural and Applied Sciences, Achievers University Owo, Ondo State, Nigeria
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Valadez-Barba V, Cota-Coronado A, Hernández-Pérez O, Lugo-Fabres PH, Padilla-Camberos E, Díaz NF, Díaz-Martínez NE. iPSC for modeling neurodegenerative disorders. Regen Ther 2021; 15:332-339. [PMID: 33426236 PMCID: PMC7770414 DOI: 10.1016/j.reth.2020.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative disorders such as Parkinson's and Alzheimer's disease, are fundamental health concerns all around the world. The development of novel treatments and new techniques to address these disorders, are being actively studied by researchers and medical personnel. In the present review we will discuss the application of induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (iPSCs) for cell-therapy replacement and disease modelling. The aim of iPSCs is to restore the functionality of the damaged tissue by replacing the impaired cells with competitive ones. To achieve this objective, iPSCs can be properly differentiated into virtually any cell fate and can be strongly translated into human health via in vitro and in vivo disease modeling for the development of new therapies, the discovery of biomarkers for several disorders, the elaboration and testing of new drugs as novel treatments, and as a tool for personalized medicine. Novel treatments to address neurodegenerative disorders. Induced pluripotent stem cell therapy and disease modelling. Parkinson's & Alzheimer's disease research.
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Key Words
- AD, Alzheimer's disease
- AFP, Alpha-Fetoprotein
- Alzheimer
- Aβ, β-Amyloid
- B-III-TUB, β–III–Tubulin
- BBB, Blood Brain Barrier
- CRISPR, Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats
- DOPAL, 3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetaldehyde
- EBs, Embryoid Bodies
- FLASH, Fast Length Adjustment of Short Reads
- LUHMES, Lund Human Mesencephalic Cell Line
- MHC, Mayor Histocompatibility Complex
- Neurodegenerative diseasaes
- PCR, Polymerase Chain Reaction
- PD, Parkinson's Disease
- Parkinson
- ROS, Reactive Oxygen Species
- SCs, Stem Cells
- SMA, Smooth-Muscle Antibody
- SNPc, Substantia Nigra Pars Compacta
- TH, Tyrosine Hydroxylase
- WGS, Whole Genome Sequencing
- gRNA, guide RNA
- hESC, Human Embryonic Stem Cells
- iPSCs
- iPSCs, Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells
- nsSNVs, nonsynonymous single nucleotide variants
- pTau, Phosphorylated Tau
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Valadez-Barba
- Department of Medical and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Center for Research and Assistance in Technology and Design of the State of Jalisco, A.C. Av. Normalistas 800, Colinas de las Normal, Jalisco, Mexico, P.C.44270
| | - A. Cota-Coronado
- Department of Medical and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Center for Research and Assistance in Technology and Design of the State of Jalisco, A.C. Av. Normalistas 800, Colinas de las Normal, Jalisco, Mexico, P.C.44270
- The Florey Institute for Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, 30 Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - O.R. Hernández-Pérez
- Department of Medical and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Center for Research and Assistance in Technology and Design of the State of Jalisco, A.C. Av. Normalistas 800, Colinas de las Normal, Jalisco, Mexico, P.C.44270
| | - Pavel H. Lugo-Fabres
- Department of Medical and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Center for Research and Assistance in Technology and Design of the State of Jalisco, A.C. Av. Normalistas 800, Colinas de las Normal, Jalisco, Mexico, P.C.44270
| | - Eduardo Padilla-Camberos
- Department of Medical and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Center for Research and Assistance in Technology and Design of the State of Jalisco, A.C. Av. Normalistas 800, Colinas de las Normal, Jalisco, Mexico, P.C.44270
| | - Néstor Fabián Díaz
- Departamento de Fisiología y Desarrollo Celular, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología Isidro Espinosa de los Reyes, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - N. Emmanuel Díaz-Martínez
- Department of Medical and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Center for Research and Assistance in Technology and Design of the State of Jalisco, A.C. Av. Normalistas 800, Colinas de las Normal, Jalisco, Mexico, P.C.44270
- Corresponding author. Department of Medical and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Center for Research and Assistance in Technology and Design of the State of Jalisco, A.C. Jalisco, Mexico.
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Poerwosusanta H, Gunadi, Oktaviyanti IK, Kania N, Noor Z. Laparoscopic procedures impact on mast cell mediators, extracellular matrix and adhesion scoring system in rats. Ann Med Surg (Lond) 2020; 58:102-106. [PMID: 32963775 PMCID: PMC7490447 DOI: 10.1016/j.amsu.2020.08.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Laparoscopic procedures under certain pressure have the potential to cause intra-abdominal adhesions. However, the pathomechanism of this disorder is unknown. Release of mast cell mediators due to mast cell degranulation is thought to be the cause. Materials and methods Thirty male Sprague-Dawley rats were grouped into five groups (n = 6 per group): one control group and four intervention groups to which 60 min insufflation was performed using carbon dioxide at 5, 8, 10 and 12 mmHg. Seven days after laparoscopy, we euthanized and evaluated the levels of histamine, tryptase, and chymase of peritoneal fluid, the thickness of ECM of peritoneal tissue, and intraabdominal adhesion scoring system. Results Histamine and tryptase levels in peritoneal fluid were significantly higher at the 10- and 12 mm Hg intervention compared to control (histamine: 0.50 ± 0.35 vs. 0.41 ± 0.41 vs. 0.04 ± 0.02 ng/mL, respectively; and tryptase: 0.69 ± 0.11 vs. 0.65 ± 0.05 vs. 0.48 ± 0.02 ng/ml respectively). The ECM was significantly thicker in the intervention groups at 10- and 12-mm Hg compared to control (71.3 [66.7–85.2] vs. 48.4 [34.5–50.3] vs. 10.25 [8.7–12.1] μm, respectively). Moreover, the intra-abdominal scoring was also significantly higher in the intervention groups at 10- and 12 mm Hg compared to control (4 [0–4] vs. 4.5 [4–5], vs. 0, respectively). Conclusions Laparoscopic procedures increase the release of mast cell mediators in peritoneal fluid, the thickness of ECM and intraabdominal adhesion scoring in rats, implying that it might increase the possibility of intrabdominal adhesion in humans. Laparoscopic procedures at specific pressures potentially cause intra-abdominal adhesion, however, its pathomechanism is still challenging to understand. Laparoscopic procedures increase the release of mast cell mediators in peritoneal fluid, the thickness of ECM and intraabdominal adhesion scoring in rats. Our findings imply that laparoscopic procedures might increase the possibility of intrabdominal adhesion in humans.
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Key Words
- ATP, Adenosine triphosphate
- CO2, Carbon dioxide
- CRAC, Calcium release-activated channels
- DAMPs, Damage Associated Molecular Patterns
- DNA, Deoxyribonucleic acid
- ECM, Extracellular matrix
- ELISA, Enzyme-linked-immunosorbent-assay
- Extracellular matrix thickness
- GPCR, G Protein-Coupled Receptors
- Histamine
- Intra-abdominal adhesion
- Laparoscopy
- Mast cell mediators
- PAR-2, protease-activated receptor 2
- Protease
- ROS, Reactive Oxygen Species
- TGF-β, Transforming growth factor-beta
- TRPC, Transient receptor potential canonical
- TRPV4, Transient receptor potential vanilloid 4
- VDAC, Voltage-dependent anion channel
- pro-MMP9, pro Matrix metallopeptidase 9
- tPA, tissue plasminogen activator
- uPA, urokinase plasminogen activator
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Affiliation(s)
- Hery Poerwosusanta
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Lambung Mangkurat, Banjarmasin, South Kalimantan, Indonesia
| | - Gunadi
- Pediatric Surgery Division, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gajah Mada /Dr. Sardjito Hospital, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Ika Kustiyah Oktaviyanti
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Lambung Mangkurat, Banjarmasin, South Kalimantan, Indonesia
| | - Nia Kania
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Lambung Mangkurat, Banjarmasin, South Kalimantan, Indonesia
| | - Zairin Noor
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Lambung Mangkurat, Banjarmasin, South Kalimantan, Indonesia
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Giordano D, Pesce A, Vermeylen S, Abbruzzetti S, Nardini M, Marchesani F, Berghmans H, Seira C, Bruno S, Javier Luque F, di Prisco G, Ascenzi P, Dewilde S, Bolognesi M, Viappiani C, Verde C. Structural and functional properties of Antarctic fish cytoglobins-1: Cold-reactivity in multi-ligand reactions. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2020; 18:2132-2144. [PMID: 32913582 PMCID: PMC7451756 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2020.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
While the functions of the recently discovered cytoglobin, ubiquitously expressed in vertebrate tissues, remain uncertain, Antarctic fish provide unparalleled models to study novel protein traits that may arise from cold adaptation. We report here the spectral, ligand-binding and enzymatic properties (peroxynitrite isomerization, nitrite-reductase activity) of cytoglobin-1 from two Antarctic fish, Chaenocephalus aceratus and Dissostichus mawsoni, and present the crystal structure of D. mawsoni cytoglobin-1. The Antarctic cytoglobins-1 display high O2 affinity, scarcely compatible with an O2-supply role, a slow rate constant for nitrite-reductase activity, and do not catalyze peroxynitrite isomerization. Compared with mesophilic orthologues, the cold-adapted cytoglobins favor binding of exogenous ligands to the hexa-coordinated bis-histidyl species, a trait related to their higher rate constant for distal-His/heme-Fe dissociation relative to human cytoglobin. At the light of a remarkable 3D-structure conservation, the observed differences in ligand-binding kinetics may reflect Antarctic fish cytoglobin-1 specific features in the dynamics of the heme distal region and of protein matrix cavities, suggesting adaptation to functional requirements posed by the cold environment. Taken together, the biochemical and biophysical data presented suggest that in Antarctic fish, as in humans, cytoglobin-1 unlikely plays a role in O2 transport, rather it may be involved in processes such as NO detoxification.
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Key Words
- C.aceCygb-1*, Mutant of C.aceCygb-1
- C.aceCygb-1, Cytoglobin-1 of C. aceratus
- CO, Carbon monoxide
- CYGB, Human Cygb
- Cold-adaptation
- Cygb, Cytoglobin
- Cygb-1, Cytoglobin 1
- Cygb-2, Cytoglobin 2
- Cygbh, Hexa-coordinated bis-histidyl species
- Cygbp, Penta-coordinated Cygb
- Cytoglobin
- D.mawCygb-1*, Mutant of D.mawCygb-1
- D.mawCygb-1, Cytoglobin-1 of D. mawsoni
- DTT, Dithiothreitol
- Hb, Hemoglobin
- Ligand properties
- MD, Molecular Dynamics
- Mb, Myoglobin
- NGB, Human neuroglobin
- NO dioxygenase
- NO, Nitric oxide
- RNS, Reactive Nitrogen Species
- ROS, Reactive Oxygen Species
- X-ray structure
- p50, O2 partial pressure required to achieve half saturation
- rms, Root-mean square
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Giordano
- Institute of Biosciences and BioResources (IBBR), CNR, Via Pietro Castellino 111 80131 Napoli, Italy.,Department of Biology and Evolution of Marine Organisms, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121 Napoli, Italy
| | - Alessandra Pesce
- Department of Physics, University of Genova, Via Dodecaneso 33, I-16121 Genova, Italy
| | - Stijn Vermeylen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, B-2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Stefania Abbruzzetti
- Department of Mathematical, Physical and Computer Sciences, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 7A, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Marco Nardini
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milano, Via Celoria 26, I-20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Francesco Marchesani
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 23A, 43124, Parma, Italy
| | - Herald Berghmans
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, B-2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Constantí Seira
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Gastronomy, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Science, Institute of Biomedicine (IBUB) and Institute of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry (IQTCUB), University of Barcelona, Av. Prat de la Riba 171, Santa Coloma de Gramenet E-08921, Spain
| | - Stefano Bruno
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 23A, 43124, Parma, Italy
| | - F Javier Luque
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Gastronomy, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Science, Institute of Biomedicine (IBUB) and Institute of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry (IQTCUB), University of Barcelona, Av. Prat de la Riba 171, Santa Coloma de Gramenet E-08921, Spain
| | - Guido di Prisco
- Institute of Biosciences and BioResources (IBBR), CNR, Via Pietro Castellino 111 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Paolo Ascenzi
- Interdepartmental Laboratory for Electron Microscopy, Roma Tre University, Via della Vasca Navale 79, I-00146 Roma, Italy
| | - Sylvia Dewilde
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, B-2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Martino Bolognesi
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milano, Via Celoria 26, I-20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Cristiano Viappiani
- Department of Mathematical, Physical and Computer Sciences, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 7A, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Cinzia Verde
- Institute of Biosciences and BioResources (IBBR), CNR, Via Pietro Castellino 111 80131 Napoli, Italy.,Department of Biology and Evolution of Marine Organisms, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121 Napoli, Italy
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Du Y, Cui H, Xiao Y, Li J, Su E, Xu Z, Mi W. The mechanism of lipopolysaccharide administration-induced cognitive function impairment caused by glucose metabolism disorder in adult rats. Saudi J Biol Sci 2019; 26:1268-77. [PMID: 31516357 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2019.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Revised: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 06/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This essay aims to make investigation on the mechanism of glucose metabolism disorder and Lipopolysaccharide administration-induced cognitive function impairment in adult rats with surgery. Methods: Divide the objects, 40 male Sprague-Dawley rats at the age of 9 months, into 4 groups. Provide unilateral nephrectomy surgery and/or lipopolysaccharide intraperitoneal injection. Postoperative cognitive function evaluation would be tested by the Morris water maze. Rats with Postoperative Cognitive Dysfunction (POCD) were scanned to analyze the brain glucose metabolism by means of 18F-FDG PET/CT. Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase (PI3K), Protein Kinase β (AKT), Insulin Substrates Receptor-2 (IRS-2) and Glucose Transporter 4 (GLUT4) were detected as well. Data will be captured through gene expression in POCD rats via Quantitative Real-Time PCR (QRT-PCR). On the other side, Western Blot was used to measure the expression levels of IRS-2, p-IRS-2, p-PI3K, PI3K, p-AKT, AKT, GLUT4, and p-GLUT4. Results: During the Morris water maze test, the staging time (latency) of rats in each group was becoming short gradually as the training progressed. The incubation time of Day 5 of each group was shorter than that of Day 1 (P < 0.05). On the Day 3 after the surgery, the average target quadrant residence time of Group S+L (100 μg/Kg) was shorter, compared with Group C, L and S. Of which, the average number of perforation was reduced greater than that of Group C (P < 0.05). The average swimming speed of the groups is of no distinct difference (P > 0.05). After the operation, there was no great difference shown among the subjects (P > 0.05) in the average residence time of the target quadrant, the mean number of passages, and the mean swimming speed. On Day 3, the average latency of Group S+L (100 μg/Kg) was longer than Group C (P < 0.05) in the working memory test after the operation. The average latency of rats in Group L and S was showed longer than that in Group C, with tiny difference (P > 0.05). In the 7-Day working memory test, the average latency of the rats in Group L, S and S+L (100 μg/Kg) was obviously longer than that in Group C. Comparing to preoperative rats, POCD rats of Group S+L (100 μg/Kg) were scanned by 18F-FDG PET/CT three days later after the operation. Its SUVmax of the frontal and temporal lobe areas were decreased significantly (P < 0.05). However, difference degree was not significantly shown in the SUVmax between Group C and the preoperative rats (P > 0.05). In comparison with the gene expression of of Group C, the PI3K, IRS-2, AKT and GLUT4 mRNA genes are the key genes in the insulin signaling pathways of the hippocampus of the POCD rats. The expression level was reduced. The expression level of all protein of PI3K, IRS-2, GLUT4 and AKT in the POCD rats was of no great contrast with that in Group C. But for IRS-2 protein, the phosphorylation level has increased, and meanwhile decreased for AKT, PI3K and GLUT4 proteins (P < 0.05). Conclusions: Adult SD rats cognitive dysfunction model treated with unilateral nephrectomy combined and 100 μg/kg LPS intraperitoneal injection were led to abnormal both brain glucose metabolism and insulin expression. The proved phenomenal results signal pathway-related proteins PI3K, IRS-2, AKT and GLUT4. It reached the conclusion that surgical trauma, rather than anesthesia, leads to impaired cognitive function. PI3K, IRS-2, AKT, and GLUT4pathway of brain can be partial explanations of the pathogenesis of POCD.
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Key Words
- 18F-FDG PET/CT
- AGE, Advanced Glycation End products
- FDG, Fluorodeoxyglucose
- GLUT4, Glucose Transporter 4
- Glucose metabolism
- IRS-2, Insulin Substrate Receptor-2
- LPS, Lipopolysaccharide
- MAPK, Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase
- OSEM, Ordered Subsets Expectation Maximization
- PI3K, IRS-2, AKT, and GLUT4 pathway
- PI3K, Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase
- POCD, Postoperative Cognitive Dysfunction
- Postoperative cognitive dysfunction
- QRT-PCR, Quantitative Real-Time PCR
- ROS, Reactive Oxygen Species
- SUV, Standard Uptake Value
- Surgical trauma
- TLR4, Toll-like Receptor 4
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Yoshimura Y. Increased error-free DNA repair gene expression through reprogramming in human iPS cells. Regen Ther 2019; 11:101-5. [PMID: 31304203 DOI: 10.1016/j.reth.2019.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2018] [Revised: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 06/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Many studies have reported that human-induced pluripotent stem (hiPS)/embryonic stem (hES) cells have an exceptional ability to repair damaged DNA. Moreover, unlike differentiated cells, hES cells have features and mechanisms such as apoptosis-prone mitochondria, which prevent any changes in genetic information caused by DNA damage to be transmitted to their descendants. Type-A (dark) spermatogonia and cancer stem cells are thought to be dormant. However, hiPS/hES cells, the so-called stem cells used in regenerative medicine, generally have a high proliferative capacity. This suggests that in these cells, oxidative DNA damage associated with vigorous proliferation and DNA scission associated with replication occur frequently. Although pluripotency according to change of genomic structure is well studied, the change of DNA repair through reprogramming has not been well studied. Methods We analyzed the expression of DNA repair-related genes in hiPS cells using microarray and western blotting analyses and assessed changes in PARP activity through reprogramming. Results Through reprogramming, hiPS cells were found to upregulate poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) activity and genes regulating homologous recombination (HR). Simultaneously, the expression level of genes involved in non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) was not high, suggesting that at least at the gene expression level, frequently occurring DNA scission is preferentially dealt with via HR instead of NHEJ. Also, reflecting the high proliferative activity, genes related to mismatch repair (MMR) were upregulated through reprogramming. Conversely, error-prone polymerase was downregulated through reprogramming. These are also likely to be the mechanisms preventing changes in genetic information. Conclusions High PARP activity and HR-related gene expression in hiPS cells were achieved through reprogramming and likely facilitate precise genome editing in these cells in exchange for a high possibility of cell death.
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Firdaus F, Zafeer MF, Anis E, Ahmad F, Hossain MM, Ali A, Afzal M. Evaluation of phyto-medicinal efficacy of thymoquinone against Arsenic induced mitochondrial dysfunction and cytotoxicity in SH-SY5Y cells. Phytomedicine 2019; 54:224-230. [PMID: 30668372 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2018.09.197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is evaluated that a few million individuals worldwide are experiencing Arsenic (As) harmfulness coming about because of anthropogenic discharges. There is likewise proof to propose that As can affect the peripheral, as well as, the central nervous system (CNS). On the contrary, thymoquinone (TQ), a biologically active ingredient of Nigella sativa has exhibited numerous neuro-pharmacological traits since ancient times. HYPOTHESIS/PURPOSE In the present study, the neuroprotective efficacy of TQ was explored by primarily studying its antioxidant and anti-apoptotic potential against Arsenic trioxide (As2O3) induced toxicity in SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cell lines. STUDY DESIGN For experimentation, cells were seeded in 96 well tissue culture plates and kept undisturbed for 24 h to attain proper adhesion. After 75-80% confluence, cells were pretreated with 10 µM and 20 µM thymoquinone (TQ) for 1 h After adding 2 µM As, cells were set aside for incubation for 24 h without changing the medium. METHODS The mitigatory effects of TQ with particular reference to cell viability and cytotoxicity, the generation of reactive oxygen species, DNA damage, and mitochondrial dynamics were studied. RESULTS Pretreatment of SH-SY5Y cells with TQ (10 and 20 μM) for an hour and subsequent exposure to 2 μM As2O3 protected the SH-SY5Y cells against the neuro-damaging effects of the latter. Also, the SH-SY5Y cells were better preserved with increased viability, repaired DNA, less free radical generation and balanced transmembrane potential than those exposed to As2O3 alone. TQ pretreatment also inhibited As2O3-induced exacerbation in protein levels of BAX and PARP-1 and restored the loss of Bcl2 levels. CONCLUSION The findings of this study suggest that TQ may prevent neurotoxicity and As2O3-induced apoptosis and cytotoxicity. It is, therefore, worth studying further for its potential to reduce the risks of arsenic-related neurological implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fakiha Firdaus
- Interdisciplinary Brain Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India; Department of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| | - Mohd Faraz Zafeer
- Interdisciplinary Brain Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ehraz Anis
- Interdisciplinary Brain Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Faraz Ahmad
- Interdisciplinary Biotechnology Unit, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - M Mobarak Hossain
- Interdisciplinary Brain Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Asif Ali
- Interdisciplinary Brain Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Mohammad Afzal
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Bortoli M, Dalla Tiezza M, Muraro C, Pavan C, Ribaudo G, Rodighiero A, Tubaro C, Zagotto G, Orian L. Psychiatric Disorders and Oxidative Injury: Antioxidant Effects of Zolpidem Therapy disclosed In Silico. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2019; 17:311-318. [PMID: 30867894 PMCID: PMC6396081 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2019.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2018] [Revised: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 02/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Zolpidem (N,N-Dimethyl-2-[6-methyl-2-(4-methylphenyl)imidazo[1,2-a]pyridin-3-yl]acetamide) is a well-known drug for the treatment of sleeping disorders. Recent literature reports on positive effects of zolpidem therapy on improving renal damage after cisplatin and on reducing akinesia without sleep induction. This has been ascribed to the antioxidant and neuroprotective capacity of this molecule, and tentatively explained according to a generic structural similarity between zolpidem and melatonin. In this work, we investigate in silico the antioxidant potential of zolpidem as scavenger of five ROSs, acting via hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) mechanism; computational methodologies based on density functional theory are employed. For completeness, the analysis is extended to six metabolites. Thermodynamic and kinetic results disclose that indeed zolpidem is an efficient radical scavenger, similarly to melatonin and Trolox, supporting the biomedical evidence that the antioxidant potential of zolpidem therapy may have a beneficial effect against oxidative injury, which is emerging as an important etiopathogenesis in numerous severe diseases, including psychiatric disorders.
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Key Words
- Antioxidant activity
- DFT calculations
- DFT, Density Functional Theory
- HAT, Hydrogen Atom Transfer (mechanism)
- M06-2X, Minnesota Hybrid functional with 54% Hartree-Fock exchange
- NBO, Natural Bond Orbitals
- NPA, Natural Population Analysis
- Oxidative stress
- PC, Product Complex
- Psychiatric disorders
- RAF, Radical Adduct Formation (mechanism)
- RC, Reactant Complex
- ROS, Reactive Oxygen Species
- Radical scavenging
- SMD, Solvation Model based on Density
- TS, Transition State
- Zolpidem
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Bortoli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Padova, Via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Marco Dalla Tiezza
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Padova, Via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Cecilia Muraro
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Padova, Via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Chiara Pavan
- Dipartimento di Medicina, Università degli Studi di Padova, Via Giustiniani 2, 35128 Padova, Italy
| | - Giovanni Ribaudo
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Padova, Via Marzolo 5, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Anna Rodighiero
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Padova, Via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Cristina Tubaro
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Padova, Via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Zagotto
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Padova, Via Marzolo 5, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Laura Orian
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Padova, Via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
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Abstract
Hepatic Encephalopathy (HE) is a severe complication of acute or chronic liver diseases with a broad spectrum of neurological symptoms including motor disturbances and cognitive impairment of different severity. Contrary to former beliefs, a growing number of studies suggest that cognitive impairment may not fully reverse after an acute episode of overt HE in patients with liver cirrhosis. The reasons for persistent cognitive impairment in HE are currently unknown but recent observations raise the possibility that astrocyte senescence may play a role here. Astrocyte senescence is closely related to oxidative stress and correlate with irreversible cognitive decline in aging and neurodegenerative diseases. In line with this, surrogate marker for oxidative stress and senescence were upregulated in ammonia-exposed cultured astrocytes and in post mortem brain tissue from patients with liver cirrhosis with but not without HE. Ammonia-induced senescence in astrocytes involves glutamine synthesis-dependent formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), p53 activation and upregulation of cell cycle inhibitory factors p21 and GADD45α. More recent studies also suggest a role of ROS-induced downregulation of Heme Oxygenase (HO)1-targeting micro RNAs and upregulation of HO1 for ammonia-induced proliferation inhibition in cultured astrocytes. Further studies are required to identify the precise sequence of events that lead to astrocyte senescence and to elucidate functional implications of senescence for cognitive performance in patients with liver cirrhosis and HE.
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Key Words
- ARE, Antioxidant Response Elements
- BDNF, Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor
- Eph, Ephrine
- EphR, Ephrine Receptor
- GADD45α, Growth Arrest and DNA Damage Inducible 45α
- GS, Glutamine Synthetase
- HE, Hepatic Encephalopathy
- HO1, Heme Oxygenase 1
- LOLA, l-Ornithine-l-Aspartate
- MAP, Mitogen Activated Protein Kinases
- NAPDH, Reduced Form of Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Phosphate
- Nox, NADPH Oxidase
- Nrf2, Nuclear Factor-Like 2
- PBR, Peripheral-Type Benzodiazepine Receptor
- PTN, Protein Tyrosine Nitration
- RNOS, Reactive Nitrogen and Oxygen Species
- ROS, Reactive Oxygen Species
- SA-β-Gal, Senescence-Associated β-d-Galactosidase
- TSP, Trombospondin
- TrkBT, Truncated Tyrosine Receptor Kinase B
- ZnPP, Zinc Protoporphyrin
- ammonia
- astrocytes
- heme oxygenase 1
- hepatic encephalopathy
- mPT, Mitochondrial Permeability Transition
- miRNAs
- nNOS, Neuronal-Type Nitric-Oxide Synthase
- oxidative stress
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Dieter Häussinger
- Address for correspondence: Dieter Häussinger, Universitätsklinikum Düsseldorf, Klinik für Gastroenterologie, Hepatologie und Infektiologie, Moorenstrasse 5, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany. Tel.: +49 211 811 7569; fax: +49 211 811 8838.
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Abstract
Hepatic encephalopathy (HE) is a complex neuropsychiatric syndrome that occurs during chronic liver disease (CLD). While ammonia and other precipitating factors in liver disease including inflammation, bile acids, oxidative stress, and lactate play a role in the pathogenesis of HE, the exact mechanism that leads to HE is not fully understood. Notably, accumulating evidence points toward a synergic effect rather than independent actions among precipitating factors that contributes to the development and severity of HE in CLD. Hence, this review is aimed to briefly discuss the single and synergic interplay of pathological factors in the progression and severity of HE.
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Key Words
- AQP4, Aquaporin 4
- BAs, Bile Acids
- BBB, Blood-Brain Barrier
- BDL, Bile Duct Ligation
- CLD, Chronic Liver Disease
- CSF, Cerebrospinal Fluid
- GABA, Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid
- GAMSAs, GABAA Receptor Modulating Steroid Antagonists
- GFAP, Glial Fibrillary Acid Protein
- GLAST, Glial Glutamate-Aspartate Transporter
- GPR81, G-Protein-Coupled Receptor 81
- GS, Glutamine Synthetase
- HE, Hepatic Encephalopathy
- ICP, Intracranial Pressure
- ILs, Interleukins
- MRI, Magnetic Resonance Imaging
- NF-?B, Nuclear Factor Kappa B
- NMDA, N-Methyl-d-Aspartate Glutamate Receptor
- NO, Nitric Oxide
- PCA, Portacaval Anastomosis
- ROS, Reactive Oxygen Species
- TJ, Tight Junction
- TNF-a, Tumor Necrosis Alpha
- ammonia
- astrocyte swelling
- bile acids
- brain edema
- cGMP, Cyclic Guanosine Monophosphate
- cirrhosis
- hepatic encephalopathy
- inflammation
- lactate
- mGluR, Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor
- neurotransmission
- oxidative stress
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Christopher F. Rose
- Address for correspondence. Christopher F. Rose Professor, Dept. Medicine, Université de Montréal, CRCHUM, 900 Saint-Denis Street, Montréal, Québec, H2X 0A9, Canada.
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Glady A, Tanaka M, Moniaga CS, Yasui M, Hara-Chikuma M. Involvement of NADPH oxidase 1 in UVB-induced cell signaling and cytotoxicity in human keratinocytes. Biochem Biophys Rep 2018; 14:7-15. [PMID: 29872728 PMCID: PMC5986629 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2018.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Revised: 03/04/2018] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Members of NADPH oxidase (Nox) enzyme family are important sources of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and are known to be involved in several physiological functions in response to various stimuli including UV irradiation. UVB-induced ROS have been associated with inflammation, cytotoxicity, cell death, or DNA damage in human keratinocytes. However, the source and the role of UVB-induced ROS remain undefined. Here, we show that Nox1 is involved in UVB-induced p38/MAPK activation and cytotoxicity via ROS generation in keratinocytes. Nox1 knockdown or inhibitor decreased UVB-induced ROS production in human keratinocytes. Nox1 knockdown impaired UVB-induced p38 activation, accompanied by reduced IL-6 levels and attenuated cell toxicity. Treatment of cells with N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC), a potent ROS scavenger, suppressed p38 activation as well as consequent IL-6 production and cytotoxicity in response to UVB exposure. p38 inhibitor also suppressed UVB-induced IL-6 production and cytotoxicity. Furthermore, the blockade of IL-6 production by IL-6 neutralizing antibody reduced UVB-induced cell toxicity. In vivo assay using wild-type mice, the intradermal injection of lysates from UVB-irradiated control cells, but not from UVB-irradiated Nox1 knockdown cells, induced inflammatory swelling and IL-6 production in the skin of ears. Moreover, administration of Nox1 inhibitor suppressed UVB-induced increase in IL-6 mRNA expression in mice skin. Collectively, these data suggest that Nox1-mediated ROS production is required for UVB-induced cytotoxicity and inflammation through p38 activation and inflammatory cytokine production, such as IL-6. Thus, our findings suggest Nox1 as a therapeutic target for cytotoxicity and inflammation in response to UVB exposure. Nox1 knockdown decreased UVB-increased cellular ROS in keratinocytes. Nox1 knockdown suppressed UVB-induced p38 activation, accompanied by reduced in IL-6 levels and attenuated cell toxicity. UVB-induced cytotoxicity is involved in p38/MAPK pathway and IL-6 production, which is partially dependent on Nox1-generated ROS.
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Key Words
- ASK1, Apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1
- Bax, BCL2-associated X protein
- Cytotoxicity
- DNA, Deoxyribonucleic acid
- DPI, Diphenyleneiodonium
- Erk, Extracellular Signal-regulated kinase
- GM-CSF, Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor
- H2DCFDA, Fluorescent 2',7'-dichlorofluorescein diacetate
- H2O2, Hydrogen peroxide
- IL-6, Interleukin-6
- JNK, Jun N-terminal kinases;
- Keratinocyte
- LDH, Lactate dehydrogenase
- MAPK, Mitogen-activated protein kinase
- MKK, MAP Kinase
- MKP, MAPK phosphatase
- NAC, N-acetyl cysteine
- NADPH oxidase 1
- NF-κB, Nuclear factor kappa B;
- NOX, NADPH oxidase
- O2-, Superoxide
- OH, Hydroxyl radical
- P38/MAP kinase
- PBS, Phosphate-buffered saline
- RNA, Ribonucleic acid
- ROS, Reactive Oxygen Species
- Reactive oxygen species
- STAT3, Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3
- TNF-α, Tumor necrosis factor-alpha
- UV, Ultraviolet
- UVB
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Affiliation(s)
- Azela Glady
- Department of Pharmacology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinano-machi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Manami Tanaka
- Department of Pharmacology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinano-machi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Catharina Sagita Moniaga
- Department of Pharmacology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinano-machi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Masato Yasui
- Department of Pharmacology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinano-machi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
- Keio Advanced Research Center for Water Biology and Medicine, Keio University, Japan
| | - Mariko Hara-Chikuma
- Department of Pharmacology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinano-machi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
- Corresponding author.
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23
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Although the insulin-producing pancreatic β-cells are quite capable of adapting to both acute and chronic changes in metabolic demand, persistently high demand for insulin will ultimately lead to their progressive dysfunction and eventual loss. Recent and historical studies highlight the importance of 'resting' the β-cell as a means of preserving functional β-cell mass. SCOPE OF REVIEW We provide experimental evidence to highlight the remarkable plasticity for insulin production and secretion by the pancreatic β-cell alongside some clinical evidence that supports leveraging this unique ability to preserve β-cell function. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS Treatment strategies for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) targeted towards reducing the systemic metabolic burden, rather than demanding greater insulin production from an already beleaguered β-cell, should be emphasized to maintain endogenous insulin secretory function and delay the progression of T2DM.
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Key Words
- ATF6, Activating Transcription Factor 6
- CHOP, CCAAT/Enhancer-Binding Homologous Protein
- EPAC, Exchange Factor Directly Activated by cAMP
- EROβ1, ER-resident oxidoreductase β1
- GIP, Gastric Inhibitory Polypeptide
- GLP-1, Glucagon-like Peptide 1
- GLUT2, Glucose Transporter 2
- GSIS, Glucose Stimulated Insulin Secretion
- IREα, Inositol Requiring Enzyme α
- Insulin production
- NEFA, Non-esterified Fatty Acid
- PERK, Protein Kinase RNA-like Endoplasmic Reticulum Kinase
- PKA, Protein Kinase A
- PKC, Protein Kinase C
- PLC, Phospholipase C
- ROS, Reactive Oxygen Species
- SNAP-25, Soluble NSF Attachment Protein 25
- SNARE, Soluble NSF Attachment Protein Receptor
- STZ, Streptozotocin
- T2DM
- T2DM, Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
- TRP, Transient Receptor Potential
- VAMP-2, Vehicle Associated Membrane Protein 2
- VDCC, Voltage Dependent Calcium Channel
- mTORC1, Mammalian Target of Rapamycin 1
- nH, Hill coefficient
- β-cell rest
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon B. Boland
- MedImmune, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease Research, 1 MedImmune Way, Gaithersburg, MD 20878, USA
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24
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Arcone R, Palma M, Pagliara V, Graziani G, Masullo M, Nardone G. Green tea polyphenols affect invasiveness of human gastric MKN-28 cells by inhibition of LPS or TNF-α induced Matrix Metalloproteinase-9/2. Biochim Open 2016; 3:56-63. [PMID: 29450132 PMCID: PMC5802102 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopen.2016.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2016] [Accepted: 10/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Several studies demonstrated a correlation between green tea consumption and a reduced cancer risk. Among different components, green tea polyphenols have been identified as molecules responsible for the beneficial effects showed by the green tea against oxidative stress and cell invasiveness. In this study, we investigated the effects of green tea polyphenol extracts (GTPs) in human gastric MKN-28 cell line. To this aim, we have first evaluated the effect of GTPs on oxidative stress induced cell injury. The pre-treatment with 10-4 M catechin equivalents of GTPs exerts a protective effect on xanthine-xanthine oxidase induced cell cytotoxicity, thus confirming the anti-oxidant properties of GTPs. The effect of GTPs was also extended to the invasive ability of MKN-28 cells stimulated with TNF-α or LPS, as pro-inflammatory factors. Migration and matrigel invasion assays demonstrated that GTPs exposure (10-6 M) prevents the increase in cell invasiveness induced by TNF-α or LPS. Finally, we have analyzed the effect of GTPs on the levels of Matrix Metalloproteinases (MMP)-9/2, whose expression is up-regulated by TNF-α or LPS. Our results indicated that the pre-treatment with GTPs was able to reduce MMP-9/2 expression at both protein and enzyme activity levels in the conditioned media of TNF-α or LPS stimulated MKN-28 cells. In conclusion, our results demonstrated that green tea polyphenol extract reduces the invasiveness of gastric MKN-28 cancer cells through the reduction of TNF-α or LPS induced MMP-9/2 up-regulation. Therefore, these data support the hypothesis that GTPs could exert a protective role against the metastatic process in gastric cancer.
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Key Words
- Cell migration
- Cell invasion
- DMEM, Dulbecco's Modified Eagles's Medium
- DMSO, Dimethyl sulfoxide
- ECM, Extracellular matrix
- FBS, fetal bovine serum
- GTPs, Green tea polyphenols extract
- Green tea polyphenols
- LPS, Lipopolysaccharide
- MKN-28 gastric cancer cells
- MMP-, Matrix metalloproteinase
- Matrix Metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2)
- Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9)
- PBS, Phosphate-buffer saline
- ROS, Reactive Oxygen Species
- TNF-α, Tumor necrosis factor α
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosaria Arcone
- Dipartimento di Scienze Motorie e del Benessere, Università di Napoli "Parthenope", Via Medina 40, 80133 Napoli, Italy.,CEINGE, Biotecnologie Avanzate, S.C. a R.L., Via G. Salvatore 486, 80145 Napoli, Italy
| | - Margherita Palma
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgica, Università di Napoli Federico II, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Valentina Pagliara
- Dipartimento di Scienze Motorie e del Benessere, Università di Napoli "Parthenope", Via Medina 40, 80133 Napoli, Italy
| | - Giulia Graziani
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università di Napoli Federico II, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Mariorosario Masullo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Motorie e del Benessere, Università di Napoli "Parthenope", Via Medina 40, 80133 Napoli, Italy.,CEINGE, Biotecnologie Avanzate, S.C. a R.L., Via G. Salvatore 486, 80145 Napoli, Italy
| | - Gerardo Nardone
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgica, Università di Napoli Federico II, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Napoli, Italy
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25
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Menacho-Márquez M, Rodríguez-Hernández CJ, Villaronga MÁ, Pérez-Valle J, Gadea J, Belandia B, Murguía JR. eIF2 kinases mediate β-lapachone toxicity in yeast and human cancer cells. Cell Cycle 2015; 14:630-40. [PMID: 25590579 DOI: 10.4161/15384101.2014.994904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
β-Lapachone (β-lap) is a novel anticancer agent that selectively induces cell death in human cancer cells, by activation of the NQO1 NAD(P)H dehydrogenase and radical oxygen species (ROS) generation. We characterized the gene expression profile of budding yeast cells treated with β-lap using cDNA microarrays. Genes involved in tolerance to oxidative stress were differentially expressed in β-lap treated cells. β-lap treatment generated reactive oxygen species (ROS), which were efficiently blocked by dicoumarol, an inhibitor of NADH dehydrogenases. A yeast mutant in the mitochondrial NADH dehydrogenase Nde2p was found to be resistant to β-lap treatment, despite inducing ROS production in a WT manner. Most interestingly, DNA damage responses triggered by β-lap were abolished in the nde2Δ mutant. Amino acid biosynthesis genes were also induced in β-lap treated cells, suggesting that β-lap exposure somehow triggered the General Control of Nutrients (GCN) pathway. Accordingly, β-lap treatment increased phosphorylation of eIF2α subunit in a manner dependent on the Gcn2p kinase. eIF2α phosphorylation required Gcn1p, Gcn20p and Nde2p. Gcn2p was also required for cell survival upon exposure to β-lap and to elicit checkpoint responses. Remarkably, β-lap treatment increased phosphorylation of eIF2α in breast tumor cells, in a manner dependent on the Nde2p ortholog AIF, and the eIF2 kinase PERK. These findings uncover a new target pathway of β-lap in yeast and human cells and highlight a previously unknown functional connection between Nde2p, Gcn2p and DNA damage responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauricio Menacho-Márquez
- a Instituto de Genética Experimental ; Facultad de Ciencias Médicas ; Universidad Nacional de Rosario ; Rosario , Argentina
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26
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Ciszak K, Kulasek M, Barczak A, Grzelak J, Maćkowski S, Karpiński S. PsbS is required for systemic acquired acclimation and post-excess-light-stress optimization of chlorophyll fluorescence decay times in Arabidopsis. Plant Signal Behav 2015; 10:e982018. [PMID: 25654166 PMCID: PMC4622620 DOI: 10.4161/15592324.2014.982018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2014] [Accepted: 06/27/2014] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Systemic acquired acclimation (SAA) is an important light acclimatory mechanism that depends on the global adjustments of non-photochemical quenching and chloroplast retrograde signaling. As the exact regulation of these processes is not known, we measured time-resolved fluorescence of chlorophyll a in Arabidopsis thaliana leaves exposed to excess light, in leaves undergoing SAA, and in leaves after excess light episode. We compare the behavior induced in wild-type plants with null mutant of non-photochemical quenching (npq4-1). The wild type rosettes exhibit a small reduction of fluorescence decay times in leaves directly exposed to excess light and in leaves undergoing SAA in ambient low light. However in npq4-1 exposition to excess light results in much faster fluorescence decay, which is insensitive to excitation power. At the same time npq4-1 leaves undergoing SAA displayed intermediate fluorescence decay. The npq4-1 plants also lost the ability to optimize florescence decay, and thus chlorophyll a dynamics up to 2 h after excess light episode. The fluorescence decay dynamics in both WT and npq4-1 can be described by a set of 3 maximum decay times. Based on the results, we concluded that functional PsbS is required for optimization of absorbed photon fate and optimal light acclimatory responses such as SAA or after excess light stress.
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Key Words
- DCMU, 3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethyl urea
- EEE, Excess Excitation Energy
- EL, Excess Light
- F0, chlorophyll fluorescence zero
- FD, chlorophyll fluorescence decay
- Fm, chlorophyll fluorescence maximum
- Fv, chlorophyll fluorescence variable
- Fv/Fm, maximum quantum efficiency of PSII
- LED, Light Emitting Diode
- LHC, chlorophyll a/b/xanthophyll-binding proteins
- NPQ, Non-Photochemical Quenching
- PSII, Photosystem II
- ROS, Reactive Oxygen Species
- SAA, Systemic Acquired Acclimation
- WT, Wild Type
- dynamics of chlorophyll fluorescence
- excess excitation energy dissipation
- light acclimation
- non-photochemical quenching
- photosystem II
- qE, EEE thermal dissipation
- qI, photoinhibition
- qT, state transition
- qZ, zeaxanthin formation
- systemic acquired acclimation
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamil Ciszak
- Institute of Physics; Faculty of Physics; Astronomy and Informatics; Nicolaus Copernicus University; Toruń, Poland
| | - Milena Kulasek
- Department of Plant Genetics; Breeding and Biotechnology; Faculty of Horticulture; Biotechnology and Landscape Architecture; Warsaw University of Life Sciences; Warszawa, Poland
| | - Anna Barczak
- Department of Plant Genetics; Breeding and Biotechnology; Faculty of Horticulture; Biotechnology and Landscape Architecture; Warsaw University of Life Sciences; Warszawa, Poland
| | - Justyna Grzelak
- Institute of Physics; Faculty of Physics; Astronomy and Informatics; Nicolaus Copernicus University; Toruń, Poland
| | - Sebastian Maćkowski
- Institute of Physics; Faculty of Physics; Astronomy and Informatics; Nicolaus Copernicus University; Toruń, Poland
- Correspondence to: Stanisław Karpiński; ; Sebastian Maćkowski;
| | - Stanisław Karpiński
- Department of Plant Genetics; Breeding and Biotechnology; Faculty of Horticulture; Biotechnology and Landscape Architecture; Warsaw University of Life Sciences; Warszawa, Poland
- Correspondence to: Stanisław Karpiński; ; Sebastian Maćkowski;
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27
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Abstract
Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) are known to cause oxidative damage to DNA, proteins and lipids. In addition, recent evidence suggests that ROS can also initiate signaling cascades that respond to stress and modify specific redox-sensitive moieties as a regulatory mechanism. This suggests that ROS are physiologically-relevant signaling molecules. However, these sensor/effector molecules are not uniformly distributed throughout the cell. Moreover, localized ROS damage may elicit site-specific compensatory measures. Thus, the impact of ROS can be likened to that of calcium, a ubiquitous second messenger, leading to the prediction that their effects are exquisitely dependent upon their location, quantity and even the timing of generation. Despite this prediction, ROS signaling is most commonly intuited through the global administration of chemicals that produce ROS or by ROS quenching through global application of antioxidants. Optogenetics, which uses light to control the activity of genetically-encoded effector proteins, provides a means of circumventing this limitation. Photo-inducible genetically-encoded ROS-generating proteins (RGPs) were originally employed for their phototoxic effects and cell ablation. However, reducing irradiance and/or fluence can achieve sub-lethal levels of ROS that may mediate subtle signaling effects. Hence, transgenic expression of RGPs as fusions to native proteins gives researchers a new tool to exert spatial and temporal control over ROS production. This review will focus on the new frontier defined by the experimental use of RGPs to study ROS signaling. ROS signaling is implicated in numerous cellular functions. Genetically encoded proteins are capable light-induced ROS production. Cell ablation, protein inactivation, and ROS signaling applications are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew P Wojtovich
- Department of Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Box 711, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Thomas H Foster
- Department of Imaging Sciences, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
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28
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Niforou K, Cheimonidou C, Trougakos IP. Molecular chaperones and proteostasis regulation during redox imbalance. Redox Biol 2014; 2:323-32. [PMID: 24563850 PMCID: PMC3926111 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2014.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2013] [Revised: 01/11/2014] [Accepted: 01/18/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Free radicals originate from both exogenous environmental sources and as by-products of the respiratory chain and cellular oxygen metabolism. Sustained accumulation of free radicals, beyond a physiological level, induces oxidative stress that is harmful for the cellular homeodynamics as it promotes the oxidative damage and stochastic modification of all cellular biomolecules including proteins. In relation to proteome stability and maintenance, the increased concentration of oxidants disrupts the functionality of cellular protein machines resulting eventually in proteotoxic stress and the deregulation of the proteostasis (homeostasis of the proteome) network (PN). PN curates the proteome in the various cellular compartments and the extracellular milieu by modulating protein synthesis and protein machines assembly, protein recycling and stress responses, as well as refolding or degradation of damaged proteins. Molecular chaperones are key players of the PN since they facilitate folding of nascent polypeptides, as well as holding, folding, and/or degradation of unfolded, misfolded, or non-native proteins. Therefore, the expression and the activity of the molecular chaperones are tightly regulated at both the transcriptional and post-translational level at organismal states of increased oxidative and, consequently, proteotoxic stress, including ageing and various age-related diseases (e.g. degenerative diseases and cancer). In the current review we present a synopsis of the various classes of intra- and extracellular chaperones, the effects of oxidants on cellular homeodynamics and diseases and the redox regulation of chaperones. Free radicals originate from various sources and at physiological concentrations are essential for the modulation of cell signalling pathways. Abnormally high levels of free radicals induce oxidative stress and damage all cellular biomolecules, including proteins. Molecular chaperones facilitate folding of nascent polypeptides, as well as holding, folding, and/or degradation of damaged proteins. The expression and the activity of chaperones during oxidative stress are regulated at both the transcriptional and post-translational level.
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Key Words
- AGEs, Advanced Glycation End Products
- ALS, Autophagy Lysosome System
- AP-1, Activator Protein-1
- CLU, apolipoprotein J/Clusterin
- Chaperones
- Diseases
- EPMs, Enzymatic Protein Modifications
- ER, Endoplasmic Reticulum
- ERAD, ER-Associated protein Degradation
- Free radicals
- GPx7, Glutathione Peroxidase 7
- GRP78, Glucose Regulated Protein of 78 kDa
- HSF1, Heat Shock transcription Factor-1
- HSP, Heat Shock Protein
- Hb, Haemoglobin
- Keap1, Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1
- NADH, Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide
- NEPMs, Non-Enzymatic Protein Modifications
- NOS, Nitric Oxide Synthase
- NOx, NAD(P)H Oxidase
- Nrf2, NF-E2-related factor 2
- Oxidative stress
- PDI, Protein Disulfide Isomerase
- PDR, Proteome Damage Responses
- PN, Proteostasis Network
- Proteome
- RNS, Reactive Nitrogen Species
- ROS, Reactive Oxygen Species
- Redox signalling
- UPR, Unfolded Protein Response
- UPS, Ubiquitin Proteasome System
- α(2)M, α(2)-Macroglobulin
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Affiliation(s)
- Katerina Niforou
- Department of Cell Biology and Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis, Athens 15784, Greece
| | - Christina Cheimonidou
- Department of Cell Biology and Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis, Athens 15784, Greece
| | - Ioannis P Trougakos
- Department of Cell Biology and Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis, Athens 15784, Greece
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29
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Bansal S, Biswas G, Avadhani NG. Mitochondria-targeted heme oxygenase-1 induces oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction in macrophages, kidney fibroblasts and in chronic alcohol hepatotoxicity. Redox Biol 2013; 2:273-83. [PMID: 24494190 PMCID: PMC3909819 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2013.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2013] [Revised: 07/16/2013] [Accepted: 07/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The inducible form of Heme Oxygenase-1 (HO-1), a major endoplasmic reticulum (ER) associated heme protein, is known to play important roles in protection against oxidative and chemical stress by degrading free heme released from degradation of heme proteins. In this study we show that induced expression of HO-1 by subjecting macrophage RAW-264.7 cells to chemical or physiological hypoxia resulted in significant translocation of HO-1 protein to mitochondria. Transient transfection of COS-7 cells with cloned cDNA also resulted in mitochondrial translocation of HO-1. Deletion of N-terminal ER targeting domain increased mitochondrial translocation under the transient transfection conditions. Mitochondrial localization of both intact HO-1 and N-terminal truncated HO-1 caused loss of heme aa-3 and cytochrome c oxidase (CcO) activity in COS-7 cells. The truncated protein, which localizes to mitochondria at higher levels, induced substantially steeper loss of CcO activity and reduced heme aa3 content. Furthermore, cells expressing mitochondria targeted HO-1 also induced higher ROS production. Consistent with dysfunctional state of mitochondria induced by HO-1, the mitochondrial recruitment of autophagy markers LC-3 and Drp-1 was also increased in these cells. Chronic ethanol feeding in rats also caused an increase in mitochondrial HO-1 and decrease in CcO activity. These results show that as opposed to the protective effect of the ER associated HO-1, mitochondria targeted HO-1 under normoxic conditions induces mitochondrial dysfunction. Under hypoxia, the inducible Heme Oxygenase-1 (HO-1) is localized in mitochondria. N-terminal truncated HO-1 is more efficiently translocated to mitochondria. Mitochondria targeted HO-1 induces oxidative stress and CcO dysfunction. Mitochondrial HO-1 content is increased in alcohol treated rat livers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seema Bansal
- The Department of Animal Biology and the Mari Lowe Center for Comparative Oncology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Gopa Biswas
- The Department of Animal Biology and the Mari Lowe Center for Comparative Oncology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Narayan G Avadhani
- The Department of Animal Biology and the Mari Lowe Center for Comparative Oncology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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