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Fang X, Cao J, Tao Z, Yang Z, Dai Y, Zhao L. Hydroxytyrosol attenuates ethanol-induced liver injury by ameliorating steatosis, oxidative stress and hepatic inflammation by interfering STAT3/iNOS pathway. Redox Rep 2023; 28:2187564. [PMID: 36932927 PMCID: PMC10026757 DOI: 10.1080/13510002.2023.2187564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: Hydroxytyrosol (HT) is a polyphenol with a wide range of biological activities. Excessive drinking can lead to oxidative stress and inflammation in the liver, which usually develop into alcohol liver disease (ALD). At present, there is no specific drug to treat ALD. In this paper, the protection effect of HT on ALD and the underline mechanism were studied.Methods: HepG2 cells were exposed to ethanol in vitro and C57BL/6J mice were fed with a Lieber-DeCarli ethanol liquid diet in vivo.Results: triglyceride (TG) level in serum and the expression of fatty acid synthase (FASN) were reduced significantly by the treatment with HT The acetaldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) activity was increased, the serum level of malondialdehyde (MDA) was decreased, catalase (CAT) and glutathione (GSH) were increased, suggesting that HT may reduce its oxidative damage to the body by promoting alcohol metabolism. Furthermore, according to the mRNA levels of tnf-α, il-6 and il-1β, HT inhibited ethanol-induced inflammation significantly. The anti-inflammatory mechanism of HT may be related to suppress the STAT3/iNOS pathway.Dissussion: Our study showed that HT could ameliorate ethanol-induced hepatic steatosis, oxidative stress and inflammation and provide a new candidate for the prevention and treatment of ALD.
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Key Words
- ADH, alcohol dehydrogenase
- ALD, alcohol liver disease
- ALDH, acetaldehyde dehydrogenase
- ALT, alanine aminotransferase
- AST, aspartate aminotransferase
- CAT, catalase
- COX2, cyclo-oxygen-ase2
- CYP2E1, cytochrome P450 2E1
- DMSO, Dimethyl sulfoxide
- DPPH, 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl
- FASN, fatty acid synthase
- GSH, glutathione
- HT, hydroxytyrosol
- HepG2
- Hepatic steatosis
- Hydroxytyrosol
- LDL, low density lipoprotein
- LPS, lipopolysaccharides
- Liver injury
- MDA, malondialdehyde
- NO, nitric oxide
- PPAR-γ, peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor
- ROS, reactive oxygen species
- SREBP-1c, sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1c
- STAT3, signal transducer and activator of transcription 3
- STAT3/iNOS pathway
- TC, total cholesterol
- TG, triglyceride
- alcoholic liver disease
- anti-inflammation
- anti-oxidation
- iNOS, inducible nitric oxide Synthas
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianying Fang
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
- College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiamin Cao
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
- College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi Tao
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
- College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiqing Yang
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan Dai
- Yanghe Distillery Co. Ltd, Suqian, People's Republic of China
| | - Linguo Zhao
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
- College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
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Yuan X, Ma C, Li J, Li J, Yu R, Cai F, Qu G, Yu B, Liu L, Zeng D, Jiao Q, Liao Q, Lv X. Indirect bilirubin impairs invasion of osteosarcoma cells via inhibiting the PI3K/AKT/MMP-2 signaling pathway by suppressing intracellular ROS. J Bone Oncol 2023; 39:100472. [PMID: 36876225 PMCID: PMC9982672 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbo.2023.100472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Osteosarcoma is most prevalently found primary malignant bone tumors, with primary metastatic patients accounting for approximately 25% of all osteosarcoma patients, yet their 5-year OS remains below 30%. Bilirubin plays a key role in oxidative stress-associated events, including malignancies, making the regulation of its serum levels a potential anti-tumor strategy. Herein, we investigated the association of osteosarcoma prognosis with serum levels of TBIL, IBIL and DBIL, and further explored the mechanisms by which bilirubin affects tumor invasion and migration. Methods ROC curve was plotted to assess survival conditions based on the determined optimal cut-off values and the AUC. Then, Kaplan-Meier curves, along with Cox proportional hazards model, was applied for survival analysis. Inhibitory function of IBIL on the malignant properties of osteosarcoma cells was examined using the qRT-PCR, transwell assays, western blotting, and flow cytometry. Results We found that, versus osteosarcoma patients with pre-operative higher IBIL (>8.9 μmol/L), those with low IBIL (≤8.9 μmol/L) had shorter OS and PFS. As indicated by the Cox proportional hazards model, pre-operative IBIL functioned as an independent prognostic factor for OS and PFS in total and gender-stratified osteosarcoma patients (P < 0.05 for all). In vitro experiments further confirmed that IBIL inhibits PI3K/AKT phosphorylation and downregulates MMP-2 expression via reducing intracellular ROS, thereby decreasing the invasion of osteosarcoma cells. Conclusions IBIL may serve as an independent prognostic predictor for osteosarcoma patients. IBIL impairs invasion of osteosarcoma cells through repressing the PI3K/AKT/MMP-2 pathway by suppressing intracellular ROS, thus inhibiting its metastatic potential.
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Key Words
- AUC, area under curve
- BRNP, PEGylated bilirubin nanoparticles
- CCK-8, cell counting kit-8
- CI, confidence interval
- DBIL, direct bilirubin
- DMSO, dimethyl sulfoxide
- ECM, extracellular matrix
- H2O2, hydrogen peroxide
- HIF-1α, hypoxia inducible factor-1α
- HR, hazard ratio
- IBIL
- IBIL, indirect bilirubin
- Invasion
- MDA, malondialdehyde
- MMP, matrix metalloproteinase
- OS, overall survival
- Osteosarcoma
- PFS, progression-free survival
- PI3K/AKT/MMP-2
- PVDF, polyvinylidene fluoride
- Prognosis
- ROC, receiver operative characteristic
- ROS, reactive oxygen species
- SD, standard deviation
- SOD, superoxide dismutase
- TBIL, total bilirubin
- TIMP, tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase
- VEGF, vascular endothelial growth factor
- qRT-PCR, real-time quantitative PCR
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuhui Yuan
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Cancer Metastasis and Precision Treatment, Central Laboratory, The First Hospital of Nanchang, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330008, China.,Department of Orthopedics, The First Hospital of Nanchang, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330008, China
| | - Cong Ma
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Jiayu Li
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Cancer Metastasis and Precision Treatment, Central Laboratory, The First Hospital of Nanchang, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330008, China.,Department of Orthopedics, The First Hospital of Nanchang, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330008, China
| | - Junhong Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Ronghui Yu
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, China
| | - Feng Cai
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Cancer Metastasis and Precision Treatment, Central Laboratory, The First Hospital of Nanchang, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330008, China.,Department of Orthopedics, The First Hospital of Nanchang, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330008, China.,Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, China
| | - Gaoyang Qu
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Cancer Metastasis and Precision Treatment, Central Laboratory, The First Hospital of Nanchang, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330008, China.,Department of Orthopedics, The First Hospital of Nanchang, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330008, China.,Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, China
| | - Bo Yu
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Cancer Metastasis and Precision Treatment, Central Laboratory, The First Hospital of Nanchang, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330008, China.,Department of Orthopedics, The First Hospital of Nanchang, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330008, China.,Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, China
| | - Lang Liu
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Cancer Metastasis and Precision Treatment, Central Laboratory, The First Hospital of Nanchang, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330008, China.,Department of Orthopedics, The First Hospital of Nanchang, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330008, China.,Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, China
| | - Duo Zeng
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Cancer Metastasis and Precision Treatment, Central Laboratory, The First Hospital of Nanchang, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330008, China.,Department of Orthopedics, The First Hospital of Nanchang, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330008, China.,Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, China
| | - QuanHui Jiao
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Cancer Metastasis and Precision Treatment, Central Laboratory, The First Hospital of Nanchang, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330008, China.,Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, China
| | - Qi Liao
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Cancer Metastasis and Precision Treatment, Central Laboratory, The First Hospital of Nanchang, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330008, China.,Department of Orthopedics, The First Hospital of Nanchang, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330008, China
| | - Xiaobin Lv
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Cancer Metastasis and Precision Treatment, Central Laboratory, The First Hospital of Nanchang, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330008, China
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Jia W, Wu X, Kang X. Integrated the embedding delivery system and targeted oxygen scavenger enhances free radical scavenging capacity. Food Chem X 2023; 17:100558. [PMID: 36845467 PMCID: PMC9943856 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochx.2022.100558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
World trends in oil crop growing area, yield, and production over the last 10 years exhibited an increase of 48 %, 82 %, and 240 %, respectively. Concerning reduced shelf-life of oil-containing food products caused by oil oxidation and the demand for sensory quality of oil, the development of methods the improvement oil quality is urgently required. This critical review presented a concise overview of the recent literature related to the inhibition ways of oil oxidation. The mechanism of different antioxidants and nanoparticle delivery systems on oil oxidation was also explored. The current review provides scientific findings on control strategies: (i) design oxidation quality assessment model; (ii) packaging by antioxidant coatings and eco-friendly film nanocomposite: ameliorate physicochemical properties; (iii) molecular investigations on inhibitory effects of selected antioxidants and underlying mechanisms; (iv) explore the interrelationship between the cysteine/citric acid and lipoxygenase pathway in the progression of oxidative/fragmentation degradation of unsaturated fatty acid chains.
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Key Words
- Antioxidant control strategies
- Antioxidations
- BHA, butyl hydroxy anisole
- BHT, butylated hydroxytoluene
- FDA, Food and Drug Administration
- HPLC, high performance liquid chromatography
- HPODE, hydroperoxyoctadecadienoic acid
- LC, liquid chromatography
- Linoleic acid
- Lipoxygenase
- MDA, malondialdehyde
- MPN, metal-polyphenol network
- MS, mass spectrometry
- MUFA, monounsaturated fatty acid
- Nanocomposite packaging
- Nanoparticle delivery system
- PUFA, polyunsaturated fatty acid
- SFA, saturated fatty acid
- TA, tannic acid
- TBHQ, tert-butyl hydroquinone
- US FDA, US Food and Drug Administration
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Jia
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Xinyu Wu
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Xin Kang
- Department of Foot and Ankle Surgery, Honghui Hospital, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
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von Bülow V, Gindner S, Baier A, Hehr L, Buss N, Russ L, Wrobel S, Wirth V, Tabatabai K, Quack T, Haeberlein S, Kadesch P, Gerbig S, Wiedemann KR, Spengler B, Mehl A, Morlock G, Schramm G, Pons-Kühnemann J, Falcone FH, Wilson RA, Bankov K, Wild P, Grevelding CG, Roeb E, Roderfeld M. Metabolic reprogramming of hepatocytes by Schistosoma mansoni eggs. JHEP Rep 2022; 5:100625. [PMID: 36590323 PMCID: PMC9800334 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhepr.2022.100625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Background & Aims Schistosomiasis is a parasitic infection which affects more than 200 million people globally. Schistosome eggs, but not the adult worms, are mainly responsible for schistosomiasis-specific morbidity in the liver. It is unclear if S. mansoni eggs consume host metabolites, and how this compromises the host parenchyma. Methods Metabolic reprogramming was analyzed by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry imaging, liquid chromatography with high-resolution mass spectrometry, metabolite quantification, confocal laser scanning microscopy, live cell imaging, quantitative real-time PCR, western blotting, assessment of DNA damage, and immunohistology in hamster models and functional experiments in human cell lines. Major results were validated in human biopsies. Results The infection with S. mansoni provokes hepatic exhaustion of neutral lipids and glycogen. Furthermore, the distribution of distinct lipid species and the regulation of rate-limiting metabolic enzymes is disrupted in the liver of S. mansoni infected animals. Notably, eggs mobilize, incorporate, and store host lipids, while the associated metabolic reprogramming causes oxidative stress-induced DNA damage in hepatocytes. Administration of reactive oxygen species scavengers ameliorates these deleterious effects. Conclusions Our findings indicate that S. mansoni eggs completely reprogram lipid and carbohydrate metabolism via soluble factors, which results in oxidative stress-induced cell damage in the host parenchyma. Impact and implications The authors demonstrate that soluble egg products of the parasite S. mansoni induce hepatocellular reprogramming, causing metabolic exhaustion and a strong redox imbalance. Notably, eggs mobilize, incorporate, and store host lipids, while the metabolic reprogramming causes oxidative stress-induced DNA damage in hepatocytes, independent of the host's immune response. S. mansoni eggs take advantage of the host environment through metabolic reprogramming of hepatocytes and enterocytes. By inducing DNA damage, this neglected tropical disease might promote hepatocellular damage and thus influence international health efforts.
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Key Words
- DMPE, dimethyl-phosphatidylethanolamine
- DNA damage
- GS, glycogen synthase
- GSH, reduced L-glutathione
- HCC, hepatocellular carcinoma
- Lipid
- MALDI-MSI, matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry imaging
- MDA, malondialdehyde
- OA, oleic acid
- Oxidative stress
- PAS, periodic acid-Schiff
- PC, phosphatidylcholine
- PDH, pyruvate dehydrogenase
- PE, phosphatidylethanolamine
- PLIN2, perilipin 2
- Parasite
- ROS, reactive oxygen species
- S. japonicum, Schistosoma japonicum
- S. mansoni, Schistosoma mansoni
- SEA, soluble egg antigens
- Schistosomiasis
- TG, triglyceride
- bs, bisex
- flOA, fluorescently labelled OA
- hRF, retention factor ∗ 100
- ms, monosex
- ni, non-infected
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Affiliation(s)
- Verena von Bülow
- Department of Gastroenterology, Justus Liebig University, Klinikstr. 33, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Sarah Gindner
- Department of Gastroenterology, Justus Liebig University, Klinikstr. 33, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Anne Baier
- Department of Gastroenterology, Justus Liebig University, Klinikstr. 33, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Laura Hehr
- Department of Gastroenterology, Justus Liebig University, Klinikstr. 33, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Nicola Buss
- Department of Gastroenterology, Justus Liebig University, Klinikstr. 33, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Lena Russ
- Department of Gastroenterology, Justus Liebig University, Klinikstr. 33, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Sarah Wrobel
- Department of Gastroenterology, Justus Liebig University, Klinikstr. 33, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Victoria Wirth
- Department of Gastroenterology, Justus Liebig University, Klinikstr. 33, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Kuscha Tabatabai
- Department of Gastroenterology, Justus Liebig University, Klinikstr. 33, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Thomas Quack
- Institute of Parasitology, BFS, Justus Liebig University, Schubertstr. 81, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Simone Haeberlein
- Institute of Parasitology, BFS, Justus Liebig University, Schubertstr. 81, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Patrik Kadesch
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Justus Liebig University, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Stefanie Gerbig
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Justus Liebig University, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Katja R. Wiedemann
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Justus Liebig University, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Bernhard Spengler
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Justus Liebig University, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Annabel Mehl
- Institute of Nutritional Science, Food Science Department, and Interdisciplinary Research Center (iFZ), Justus Liebig University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Gertrud Morlock
- Institute of Nutritional Science, Food Science Department, and Interdisciplinary Research Center (iFZ), Justus Liebig University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Gabriele Schramm
- Experimental Pneumology, Priority Research Area Asthma & Allergy, Research Center Borstel, Parkallee 1-40, 23845 Borstel, Germany
| | - Jörn Pons-Kühnemann
- Institute of Medical Informatics, Justus Liebig University, Rudolf-Buchheim-Str. 6. 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Franco H. Falcone
- Institute of Parasitology, BFS, Justus Liebig University, Schubertstr. 81, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - R. Alan Wilson
- York Biomedical Research Institute, Department of Biology, University of York, York YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Katrin Bankov
- Dr. Senckenberg Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Peter Wild
- Dr. Senckenberg Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Christoph G. Grevelding
- Institute of Parasitology, BFS, Justus Liebig University, Schubertstr. 81, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Elke Roeb
- Department of Gastroenterology, Justus Liebig University, Klinikstr. 33, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Martin Roderfeld
- Department of Gastroenterology, Justus Liebig University, Klinikstr. 33, 35392 Giessen, Germany,Corresponding author. Address: Department of Gastroenterology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Gaffkystr. 11, 35392 Giessen, Germany. Tel.: +49 641 99 42527, fax: +49 641 99 42333.
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Yusuf AP, Zhang JY, Li JQ, Muhammad A, Abubakar MB. Herbal medications and natural products for patients with covid-19 and diabetes mellitus: Potentials and challenges. Phytomed Plus 2022; 2:100280. [PMID: 35463625 PMCID: PMC9014648 DOI: 10.1016/j.phyplu.2022.100280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 04/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The presence of diabetes mellitus (DM) among COVID-19 patients is associated with increased hospitalization, morbidity, and mortality. Evidence has shown that hyperglycemia potentiates SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2) infection and plays a central role in severe COVID-19 and diabetes comorbidity. In this review, we explore the therapeutic potentials of herbal medications and natural products in the management of COVID-19 and DM comorbidity and the challenges associated with the preexisting or concurrent use of these substances. METHODS Research papers that were published from January 2016 to December 2021 were retrieved from PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar databases. Papers reporting clinical evidence of antidiabetic activities and any available evidence of the anti-COVID-19 potential of ten selected natural products were retrieved and analyzed for discussion in this review. RESULTS A total of 548 papers (73 clinical trials on the antidiabetic activities of the selected natural products and 475 research and review articles on their anti-COVID-19 potential) were retrieved from the literature search for further analysis. A total of 517 articles (reviews and less relevant research papers) were excluded. A cumulative sum of thirty-one (31) research papers (20 clinical trials and 10 others) met the criteria and have been discussed in this review. CONCLUSION The findings of this review suggest that phenolic compounds are the most promising phytochemicals in the management of COVID-19 and DM comorbidity. Curcumin and propolis have shown substantial evidence against COVID-19 and DM in humans and are thus, considered the best potential therapeutic options.
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Key Words
- 8-OHDG, 8-hydroxy-2’-deoxyguanosine
- ACE2
- ACE2, Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2
- ADMA, asymmetric de-methyl-arginine
- ARDS, acute respiratory distress syndrome
- COVID-19
- Comorbidity
- DM, diabetes mellitus
- Diabetes
- FBS, fasting blood sugar
- GLUT-4, glucose transporter-4
- GSK-3β, glycogen synthase kinase-3β
- HDL, high-density lipoprotein
- HOMA, homeostasis model assessment
- Herbal medication
- IAPP, islet amyloid polypeptide
- IFN, interferon
- IFNAR2, interferon-alpha receptor 2
- IL-6, interleukin-6
- LDL, low-density lipoprotein
- MDA, malondialdehyde
- Mpro, main protease
- Natural products
- PLpro, papain-like protease
- PON1, paraoxonase-1
- RBD, receptor-binding domain
- RCT, randomized control trial
- RdRp, RNA-dependent RNA polymerase
- SARS-CoV-2, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2
- SFJDC, Shufeng Jiedu Capsule
- T1D, type 1 diabetes
- T2D, type 2 diabetes
- TAC, total antioxidant capacity
- TMPRSS2, transmembrane protease serine 2
- hs-CRP, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdurrahman Pharmacy Yusuf
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Federal University of Technology, P.M.B 65, Minna, Niger State, Nigeria
| | - Jian-Ye Zhang
- Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, the NMPA and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, P.R. China
| | - Jing-Quan Li
- The first Affiliated Hospital, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, P.R. China
| | - Aliyu Muhammad
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Ahmadu Bello University Zaria, 810107, Kaduna State, Nigeria
| | - Murtala Bello Abubakar
- Centre for Advanced Medical Research and Training, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, P.M.B. 2254, Sokoto, Nigeria
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Salihu M, Batiha GES, Kasozi KI, Zouganelis GD, Sharkawi SM, Ahmed EI, Usman IM, Nalugo H, Ochieng JJ, Ssengendo I, Okeniran OS, Pius T, Kimanje KR, Kegoye ES, Kenganzi R, Ssempijja F. Crinum jagus (J. Thomps. Dandy): Antioxidant and protective properties as a medicinal plant on toluene-induced oxidative stress damages in liver and kidney of rats. Toxicol Rep 2022; 9:699-712. [PMID: 35433275 PMCID: PMC9011043 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2022.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Crinum jagus (C. jagus; J. Thomps.) Dandy (Liliaceae) is a pantropical plant known for its medicinal values and pharmacological properties. The study assessed the protective effects and changes in oxidative stress indices due to C. jagus leaf extracts on the toluene-induced liver and kidney injuries in rats. The study was conducted on 8-week-old male Wistar rats (n = 80), weighing 243.3 ± 1.42 g. Group I, 1 ml/kg distilled water for 7 days; Group II, 4.5 ml/kg toluene once, 1 ml/kg distilled water for 7 days; Group III, 4.5 ml/kg toluene once, 500 mg/kg methanolic extract for 7 days; Group IV, 4.5 ml/kg toluene once, 500 mg/kg aqueous extract for 7 days; Group V, 500 mg/kg methanolic extract for 7 days; Group VI, 500 mg/kg aqueous extract for 7 days; Group VII, 500 mg/kg of vitamin C for 7 days; Group, VIII, 4.5 ml/kg toluene once, 500 mg/kg vitamin C for 7 days, all administrations were given by oral gavage. The phytochemical contents, absolute and relative organ weights of liver and kidneys, liver and kidney function tests, antioxidant status, as well as histological tests were analyzed using standard protocols. The tannins, flavonoids, and polyphenols were in highest concentration in both extracts, content in methanol extract (57.04 ± 1.51 mgg-1, 35.43 ± 1.03 mgg-1, 28.2 ± 0.34 mgg-1 respectively) > aqueous extract (18.74 ± 1.01 mgg-1, 13.43 ± 0.47 mgg-1, 19.65 ± 0.21 mgg-1 respectively). In the negative control group (II), bodyweights significantly (P < 0.05) reduced by 22%, liver weight and kidney weight significantly (P < 0.05) increased by 42% and 83% respectively, liver-to-bodyweight and kidney-to-bodyweight ratios increased significantly (P < 0.05); serum liver function tests (LFTs) i.e., bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), Alanine aminotransferase (ALT), Aspartate aminotransferase (AST), Gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT), and serum kidney function tests (creatinine and urea) were significantly (P < 0.05) elevated; oxidant status (tissue malondialdehyde; MDA) was significantly (P < 0.05) elevated, antioxidant status i.e., tissue superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione (GSH) levels was significantly (P < 0.05) reduced; with markedly visible renal and hepatic histopathological findings, compared to the normal control group. In C. jagus extract test groups (III and IV), the parameters were significantly (P < 0.05) alleviated and reversed to normal/near normal compared to the negative control. The LFTs, kidney function tests, and antioxidant status were significantly (P < 0.05) more improved with the methanol extract test and standard control groups compared to the aqueous extract test group; Also, the methanol extract test group showed better histological features than the aqueous extract test and standard control groups. The methanolic extract shows better antioxidant potential due to the availability of more nonenzymatic antioxidants (tannins, flavonoids, and polyphenols). The findings showed that toluene is a very aggressive xenobiotic due to the promotion of oxidative stress and peroxidation of cellular lipids, but C. jagus leaves provide significant protection through the reducing power of nonenzymatic antioxidants and their ability to induce endogenous antioxidant enzymes (SOD, CAT, and glutathione reductase or GR) causing reduced cellular lipid peroxidation and tissue damages, quickened tissue repair, and improved cell biology of liver and kidneys during toluene toxicity. The methanol leaf extract provides better protection and should be advanced for more experimental and clinical studies to confirm its efficacy in alleviating oxidative stress tissue injuries, specifically due to toluene.
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Key Words
- ALP, Alkaline phosphatase
- ALT, Alanine aminotransferase
- AST, Aspartate Aminotransferase
- Anti-lipid peroxidation
- Antioxidants
- Catalase Crinum jagus
- GGT, Gamma-glutamyl transferase
- GR, glutathione reductase
- GSH, Glutathione
- Glutathione superoxide dismutase
- Histoprotective
- LFTs, Liver function tests
- MDA, malondialdehyde
- Malondialdehyde
- SOD, Superoxide dismutase
- TOL, Toluene
- Toluene toxicity
- VC, Vitamin C
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariama Salihu
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Kampala International University, Western Campus, P.O Box 71, Ishaka, Bushenyi, Uganda
| | - Gaber El-Saber Batiha
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour 22511, Egypt
| | | | - George D. Zouganelis
- Human Science Research Centre, University of Derby, Kedleston Road, DE22 1GB, Derby, United Kingdom
| | - Souty M.Z. Sharkawi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Nahda University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Eman Ibrahim Ahmed
- Pharmacology and Therapeutics Department, College of Medicine, Jouf University, Sakaka 72346, Saudi Arabia
- Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Fayoum University, Fayoum 63511, Egypt
| | - Ibe Michael Usman
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Kampala International University, Western Campus, P.O Box 71, Ishaka, Bushenyi, Uganda
| | - Halima Nalugo
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, P.O Box 1410, Mbarara, Uganda
| | - Juma J. Ochieng
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Kampala International University, Western Campus, P.O Box 71, Ishaka, Bushenyi, Uganda
| | - Ibrahim Ssengendo
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Kampala International University, Western Campus, P.O Box 71, Ishaka, Bushenyi, Uganda
| | - Olatayo Segun Okeniran
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Kampala International University, Western Campus, P.O Box 71, Ishaka, Bushenyi, Uganda
| | - Theophilus Pius
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, School of Allied Health Sciences, Kampala International University Teaching Hospital, P.O Box 71, Ishaka, Bushenyi, Uganda
| | - Kyobe Ronald Kimanje
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Kampala International University, Western Campus, P.O Box 71, Ishaka, Bushenyi, Uganda
| | - Eric Simidi Kegoye
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Kampala International University, Western Campus, P.O Box 71, Ishaka, Bushenyi, Uganda
| | - Ritah Kenganzi
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, School of Allied Health Sciences, Kampala International University Teaching Hospital, P.O Box 71, Ishaka, Bushenyi, Uganda
| | - Fred Ssempijja
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Kampala International University, Western Campus, P.O Box 71, Ishaka, Bushenyi, Uganda
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Jiang X, Liu X, Yu Q, Shen W, Mei X, Tian H, Wu C. Functional resveratrol-biodegradable manganese doped silica nanoparticles for the spinal cord injury treatment. Mater Today Bio 2021; 13:100177. [PMID: 34938991 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2021.100177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) causes secondary injury, accompanied by pathological changes such as oxidative stress, inflammation and neuronal apoptosis. This leads to permanent disabilities such as paralysis and loss of movement or sensation. Due to the ineffectiveness of drugs passing through the blood spinal cord barrier (BSCB), there is currently no effective treatment for SCI. The aim of this experiment was to design plasma complex component functionalized manganese-doped silica nanoparticles (PMMSN) with a redox response as a targeted drug carrier for resveratrol (RES), which effectively transports insoluble drugs to cross the BSCB. RES was adsorbed into PMMSN with a particle size of approximately 110 nm by the adsorption method, and the drug loading reached 32.61 ± 3.38%. The RES release results for the loaded sample (PMMSN-RES) showed that the PMMSN-RES exhibited a release slowly effect. In vitro and vivo experiments demonstrated that PMMSN-RES decreased reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde (MDA), increased superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activities, reduced the expression of inflammatory (TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6) and apoptotic cytokines (cleaved caspase-3) in spinal cord tissue after SCI. In summary, PMMSN-RES may be a potential pharmaceutical preparation for the treatment of SCI by reducing neuronal apoptosis and inhibiting inflammation caused by reducing oxidative stress to promote the recovery of mouse motor function.
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Key Words
- BSCB, blood spinal cord barrier
- GSH-Px, glutathione peroxidase
- H2O2, hydrogen peroxide
- MDA, malondialdehyde
- MMSN, manganese-doped mesoporous silica nanoparticles
- Manganese-doped silica nanoparticles
- MnO2, manganese dioxide
- Neuronal apoptosis
- Oxidative stress
- PMMSN, plasma complex component functionalized manganese-doped silica nanoparticles
- RES, resveratrol
- ROS, reactive oxygen species
- Redox response
- Resveratrol
- SCI, spinal cord injury
- SOD, increased superoxide dismutase
- Spinal cord injury
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Jiang
- Pharmacy School, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning, 121001, China
| | - Xiaoyao Liu
- Pharmacy School, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning, 121001, China
| | - Qi Yu
- Pharmacy School, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning, 121001, China
| | - Wenwen Shen
- Pharmacy School, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning, 121001, China
| | - Xifan Mei
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning, 121001, China
| | - He Tian
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning, 121001, China
| | - Chao Wu
- Pharmacy School, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning, 121001, China
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8
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Barakat N, Barakat LA, Zakaria MM, Khirallah SM. Diacerein ameliorates kidney injury induced by cisplatin in rats by activation of Nrf2/Ho-1 pathway and Bax down-regulation. Saudi J Biol Sci 2021; 28:7219-7226. [PMID: 34867025 PMCID: PMC8626266 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2021.08.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2021] [Revised: 08/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Cisplatin is an antineoplastic medicine used for solid tumor treatment. The main side effect that limits its dose is nephrotoxicity. Diacerein has been used for the treatment of joint diseases like osteoarthritis. It also has exhibited analgesic effects and antipyretic activities in animal models so this study targets to indicate the diacerein effect on nephrotoxicity induced by cisplatin in rats. Rats were distributed into four groups: normal healthy control; diacerein, which received diacerein daily by gastric gavage (50 mg/kg/day); cisplatin, which received only one intraperitoneal injection of cisplatin (6 mg/kg) and cisplatin and diacerein, which received diacerein daily after the cisplatin injection till 7th and 12th days, respectively. Diacerein treatment decreased kidney function markers so the cisplatin effect was reversed. Also, diacerein increased the renal antioxidants and decreased oxidative stress. Diacerein up-regulated Ho-1 (heme oxygenase 1), Nrf2 (Nuclear factor erythroid 2–related factor 2) and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) genes expression, while down-regulated Bcl-2-associated X protein (Bax) gene expression. Furthermore, the renal transforming growth factor beta-1 (TGF-β1) decreased by the diacerein effect. Consequently, diacerein has a curative effect against cisplatin due to its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antiapoptotic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nashwa Barakat
- Urology and Nephrology Center, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Lamiaa A.A. Barakat
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Port Said University, Port Said, Egypt
| | | | - Salma M. Khirallah
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Port Said University, Port Said, Egypt
- Corresponding author.
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Jaeschke H, Adelusi OB, Akakpo JY, Nguyen NT, Sanchez-Guerrero G, Umbaugh DS, Ding WX, Ramachandran A. Recommendations for the use of the acetaminophen hepatotoxicity model for mechanistic studies and how to avoid common pitfalls. Acta Pharm Sin B 2021; 11:3740-3755. [PMID: 35024303 PMCID: PMC8727921 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2021.09.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 08/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Acetaminophen (APAP) is a widely used analgesic and antipyretic drug, which is safe at therapeutic doses but can cause severe liver injury and even liver failure after overdoses. The mouse model of APAP hepatotoxicity recapitulates closely the human pathophysiology. As a result, this clinically relevant model is frequently used to study mechanisms of drug-induced liver injury and even more so to test potential therapeutic interventions. However, the complexity of the model requires a thorough understanding of the pathophysiology to obtain valid results and mechanistic information that is translatable to the clinic. However, many studies using this model are flawed, which jeopardizes the scientific and clinical relevance. The purpose of this review is to provide a framework of the model where mechanistically sound and clinically relevant data can be obtained. The discussion provides insight into the injury mechanisms and how to study it including the critical roles of drug metabolism, mitochondrial dysfunction, necrotic cell death, autophagy and the sterile inflammatory response. In addition, the most frequently made mistakes when using this model are discussed. Thus, considering these recommendations when studying APAP hepatotoxicity will facilitate the discovery of more clinically relevant interventions.
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Key Words
- AIF, apoptosis-inducing factor
- AMPK, AMP-activated protein kinase
- APAP, acetaminophen
- ARE, antioxidant response element
- ATG, autophagy-related genes
- Acetaminophen hepatotoxicity
- Apoptosis
- Autophagy
- BSO, buthionine sulfoximine
- CAD, caspase-activated DNase
- CYP, cytochrome P450 enzymes
- DAMPs, damage-associated molecular patterns
- DMSO, dimethylsulfoxide
- Drug metabolism
- EndoG, endonuclease G
- FSP1, ferroptosis suppressing protein 1
- Ferroptosis
- GPX4, glutathione peroxidase 4
- GSH, glutathione
- GSSG, glutathione disulfide
- Gclc, glutamate–cysteine ligase catalytic subunit
- Gclm, glutamate–cysteine ligase modifier subunit
- HMGB1, high mobility group box protein 1
- HNE, 4-hydroxynonenal
- Innate immunity
- JNK, c-jun N-terminal kinase
- KEAP1, Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1
- LAMP, lysosomal-associated membrane protein
- LC3, light chain 3
- LOOH, lipid hydroperoxides
- LPO, lipid peroxidation
- MAP kinase, mitogen activated protein kinase
- MCP-1, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1
- MDA, malondialdehyde
- MPT, mitochondrial permeability transition
- Mitochondria
- MnSOD, manganese superoxide dismutase
- NAC, N-acetylcysteine
- NAPQI, N-acetyl-p-benzoquinone imine
- NF-κB, nuclear factor κB
- NQO1, NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase 1
- NRF2
- NRF2, nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2
- PUFAs, polyunsaturated fatty acids
- ROS, reactive oxygen species
- SMAC/DIABLO, second mitochondria-derived activator of caspase/direct inhibitor of apoptosis-binding protein with low pI
- TLR, toll like receptor
- TUNEL, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling
- UGT, UDP-glucuronosyltransferases
- mTORC1, mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1
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Affiliation(s)
- Hartmut Jaeschke
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology & Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Olamide B Adelusi
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology & Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Jephte Y Akakpo
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology & Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Nga T Nguyen
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology & Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Giselle Sanchez-Guerrero
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology & Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - David S Umbaugh
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology & Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Wen-Xing Ding
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology & Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Anup Ramachandran
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology & Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
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Dwita LP, Hikmawanti NPE, Yeni, Supandi. Extract, fractions, and ethyl- p-methoxycinnamate isolate from Kaempferia galanga Elicit anti-inflammatory activity by limiting leukotriene B4 (LTB4) production. J Tradit Complement Med 2021; 11:563-569. [PMID: 34765520 PMCID: PMC8572713 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcme.2021.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and aim Kaempferia galanga, also known as aromatic Ginger (kencur) in Indonesia, has been widely explored and shows potential as an anti-inflammatory agent. However, there has been limited research to show a possible mechanism by which aromatic ginger inhibits lipoxygenase (LOX). Therefore, this study aims to determine the anti-inflammatory activity of aromatic ginger by comparing extract, fractions, and ethyl-p-methoxycinnamate (EPMC) isolate, as well as possible LOX inhibition activity, by reducing the production of leukotriene B4 (LTB4). Experimental procedure Two animal models were used, namely, the carrageenan-induced granuloma air pouch model and the pleurisy model. The test substance was administered 1 h before carrageenan induction, which was performed orally for each animal model. The number of leukocytes and the malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, leukotriene B4 (LTB4) levels, and histology were observed. GC-MS and LC-MS were used for analysis of the chemical compounds in the test samples. Results and conclusion The results of GC-MS analysis showed that aromatic ginger rhizome extract and fractions were dominated by ethyl-trans-p-methoxycinnamate, with the highest level found in the extract. K. galanga showed significant anti-inflammatory activity compared to the control (p < 0.01) in both the granuloma air pouch and pleurisy models. The results of examining the LTB4 concentration showed comparable activity between K. galanga extract, fractions and EMPC isolate, these results were not better than those of zileuton. Overall, this study shows that aromatic ginger extract, fractions and EPMC isolate have anti-inflammatory properties and have the potential to inhibit LOX, thereby reducing LTB4 levels. Comparison of extract, fraction and isolate of Kamperia galanga anti-inflammation activity. Anti-inflammatory activity of Kaempferia galanga in pleurisy model. Extract, fraction and isolate of Kamperia galanga as LOX inhibitor.
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Key Words
- AA, arachidonic acid
- ARDS, acute respiratory distress syndrome
- Anti-inflammation
- COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
- COX, cyclooxygenase
- E, ethanol extract
- EAF, ethyl acetate fraction
- EPMC, ethyl-p-methoxycinnamate
- FLAP, 5-lipoxygenase-activating protein
- Granuloma-air pouch
- HF, n-hexane fraction
- IBD, inflammatory bowel disease
- IL, interleukin
- LOX, lipoxygenase
- LTA4H, LTA4 hydrolase
- LTB4, leukotriene B4
- Lipoxygenase
- MDA, malondialdehyde
- PG, prostaglandin
- Pleurisy
- TBA, thiobarbituric acid
- TEP, tetraethoxypropane
- TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor-α
- WF, water fraction
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Affiliation(s)
- Lusi Putri Dwita
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Science, Universitas Muhammadiyah Prof. DR. HAMKA, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Ni Putu Ermi Hikmawanti
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Science, Universitas Muhammadiyah Prof. DR. HAMKA, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Yeni
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Science, Universitas Muhammadiyah Prof. DR. HAMKA, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Supandi
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Science, Universitas Muhammadiyah Prof. DR. HAMKA, Jakarta, Indonesia
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Akamo AJ, Akinloye DI, Ugbaja RN, Adeleye OO, Dosumu OA, Eteng OE, Antiya MC, Amah G, Ajayi OA, Faseun SO. Naringin prevents cyclophosphamide-induced erythrocytotoxicity in rats by abrogating oxidative stress. Toxicol Rep 2021; 8:1803-1813. [PMID: 34760624 PMCID: PMC8567332 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2021.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Earlier reports have shown that Cyclophosphamide (CYCP), an anti-malignant drug, elicited cytotoxicity; and that naringin has several beneficial potentials against oxidative stress and dyslipidaemias. We investigated the influence of naringin on free radical scavenging, cellular integrity, cellular ATP, antioxidants, oxidative stress, and lipid profiles in the CYCP-induced erythrocytotoxicity rat model. Rats were pretreated orally by gavage for fourteen consecutive days with three doses (50, 100, and 200 mg/kg) naringin before single CYCP (200 mg/kg, i.p.) administration. Afterwards, the rats were sacrificed. Naringin concentrations required for 50 % scavenging hydrogen peroxide and nitric oxide radical were 0.27 mg/mL and 0.28 mg/mL, respectively. Naringin pretreatment significantly (p < 0.05) protected erythrocytes plasma membrane architecture and integrity by abolishing CYCP-induced decrease in the activity of erythrocyte LDH (a marker of ATP). Pretreatment with naringin remarkably (p < 0.05) reversed CYCP-induced decreases in the erythrocytes glutathione levels, activities of glutathione-S-transferase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and glutathione reductase; attenuated CYCP-mediated increases in erythrocytes levels of malondialdehyde, nitric oxide, and major lipids (cholesterol, triacylglycerol, phospholipids, and non-esterified fatty acids). Taken together, different acute pretreatment doses of naringin might avert CYCP-mediated erythrocytes dysfunctions via its antioxidant, free-radical scavenging, and anti-dyslipidaemia properties.
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Key Words
- AP-1, activator protein 1
- ATP, adenosine triphosphate
- Antioxidants
- BHT, butylated hydroxytoluene
- C31H28N2Na4O13S, xylenol tetrasodium
- C5FeN6Na2O, sodium nitroprusside
- CAT, catalase
- CDNB, 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene
- CYCP, cyclophosphamide
- Cu(NO3)2.3H2O, copper II nitrate
- Cyclophosphamide
- DNA, deoxyribonucleic acid
- DTNB, 5,5ˈ-dithiobis(2-nitrobenzoic acid)
- Erythrocytotoxicity
- FeSO4.7H2O, Iron (II) sulfate heptahydrate
- G6PDH, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase
- GSH, reduced glutathione
- GSPx, glutathione peroxidase
- GSR, glutathione reductase
- GSSG, oxidized glutathione
- GST, glutathione-S-transferase
- H2O2, hydrogen peroxide
- H3PO3, phosphoric acid
- HO•, hydroxyl radical
- HSCs, hepatic stellate cells
- K2HPO4, dipotassium hydrogen phosphate
- KCl, potassium chloride
- LDH, lactate dehydrogenase
- Lipid profile
- MAPKs, mitogen-activated protein kinases
- MDA, malondialdehyde
- MMP, matrix metalloprotease
- NAD+, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide
- NADH, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide reduced
- NADPH, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate reduced
- NF-κB, nuclear factor kappa B
- NH4OH, ammonium hydroxide
- NO, nitric oxide
- NO2−, nitrite
- NO3−, nitrate
- NOAEL, no-observed-adverse-effect level
- Na2HPO4, disodium hydrogen phosphate
- NaH2PO4, sodium dihydrogen phosphate
- Naringin
- Nrf2, nuclear factor-erythroid factor 2-related factor 2
- O2HbFe2+, oxyhemoglobin
- O2•–, superoxide radical
- OONO−, peroxynitrite radical
- Oxidative stress
- PBS, phosphate-buffered saline
- PUFA, Polyunsaturated fatty acids
- R-Smad, Smad activated receptor
- RNS, reactive nitrogen species
- ROS, reactive oxygen species
- SOD, superoxide dismutase
- TBA, 2-thiobarbituric acid
- TBARS, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances
- TGF-β, transforming growth factor-β
- TLR, toll-like receptor
- TROOH, total hydroperoxide
- VLDL, very low density lipoprotein
- eNOS, endothelial nitric oxide synthase
- i.p., intraperitoneally
- mRNA, messenger ribonucleic acid
- metHb, methemoglobin
- α-SMA, alpha smooth muscle actin
- •NO, nitric oxide radical
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Affiliation(s)
- Adio J. Akamo
- Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria
| | - Dorcas I. Akinloye
- Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria
| | - Regina N. Ugbaja
- Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria
| | - Oluwagbemiga O. Adeleye
- Department of Animal Production and Health, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria
| | - Oluwatosin A. Dosumu
- Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria
| | - Ofem E. Eteng
- Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria
| | - Moses C. Antiya
- Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria
| | - Gogonte Amah
- Department of Biochemistry, Benjamin Carson (SRN) School of Medicine, Babcock University, Ilisan, Ogun State, Nigeria
| | - Oluwafunke A. Ajayi
- Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria
| | - Samuel O. Faseun
- Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria
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Xu L, Yin L, Qi Y, Tan X, Gao M, Peng J. 3D disorganization and rearrangement of genome provide insights into pathogenesis of NAFLD by integrated Hi-C, Nanopore, and RNA sequencing. Acta Pharm Sin B 2021; 11:3150-3164. [PMID: 34729306 PMCID: PMC8546856 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2021.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2020] [Revised: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The three-dimensional (3D) conformation of chromatin is integral to the precise regulation of gene expression. The 3D genome and genomic variations in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) are largely unknown, despite their key roles in cellular function and physiological processes. High-throughput chromosome conformation capture (Hi-C), Nanopore sequencing, and RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) assays were performed on the liver of normal and NAFLD mice. A high-resolution 3D chromatin interaction map was generated to examine different 3D genome hierarchies including A/B compartments, topologically associated domains (TADs), and chromatin loops by Hi-C, and whole genome sequencing identifying structural variations (SVs) and copy number variations (CNVs) by Nanopore sequencing. We identified variations in thousands of regions across the genome with respect to 3D chromatin organization and genomic rearrangements, between normal and NAFLD mice, and revealed gene dysregulation frequently accompanied by these variations. Candidate target genes were identified in NAFLD, impacted by genetic rearrangements and spatial organization disruption. Our data provide a high-resolution 3D genome interaction resource for NAFLD investigations, revealed the relationship among genetic rearrangements, spatial organization disruption, and gene regulation, and identified candidate genes associated with these variations implicated in the pathogenesis of NAFLD. The newly findings offer insights into novel mechanisms of NAFLD pathogenesis and can provide a new conceptual framework for NAFLD therapy.
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Key Words
- 3C, chromosome conformation capture
- 3D genome
- 3D, three-dimensional
- ALT, alanine aminotransferase
- AST, aspartate aminotransferase
- Abcg5, ATP-binding cassette sub-family G member 5
- BWA, Burrows-Wheeler Aligner
- CNV, copy number variation
- Camk1d, calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type 1D
- Chr, chromosome
- Chromatin looping
- DEG, differentially expressed gene
- DEL, deletion
- DI, directionality index
- DUP, duplication
- Elovl6, elongation of very long chain fatty acids protein 6
- FDR, false discovery rate
- FFA, free fatty acid
- Fgfr2, fibroblast growth factor receptor 2
- GCKR, glucokinase regulator
- GO, gene ontology
- GSH, glutathione
- Gadd45g, growth arrest and DNA damage-inducible protein GADD45 gamma
- Grm8, metabotropic glutamate receptor 8
- Gsta1, glutathione S-transferase A1
- H&E, hematoxylin-eosin
- HFD, high-fat diet
- HSD17B13, hydroxysteroid 17-beta dehydrogenase 13
- Hi-C, high-throughput chromosome conformation capture
- IDE, interaction decay exponent
- INS, insertion
- INV, inversion
- IR, inclusion ratio
- IRGM, immunity related GTPase M
- IRS4, insulin receptor substrate 4
- KEGG, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes
- Kcnma1, calcium-activated potassium channel subunit alpha-1
- LPIN1, lipin 1
- MBOAT7, membrane bound O-acyltransferase domain containing 7
- MDA, malondialdehyde
- NAFLD, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
- NF1, neurofibromin 1
- NGS, next-generation sequencing
- NOTCH1, notch receptor 1
- ONT, Oxford Nanopore Technologies
- PCA, principal component analysis
- PNPLA3, patatin like phospholipase domain containing 3
- PPP1R3B, protein phosphatase 1 regulatory subunit 3B
- PTEN, phosphatase and tensin homolog
- Pde4b, phosphodiesterase 4B
- Plce1, 1-phosphat-idylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase epsilon-1
- Plxnb1, Plexin-B1
- RB1, RB transcriptional corepressor 1
- RNA-seq, RNA-sequencing
- SD, standard deviation
- SOD, superoxide dismutase
- SV, structural variation
- Scd1, acyl-CoA desaturase 1
- Sugct, succinate-hydroxymethylglutarate CoA-transferase
- TAD, topologically associated domain
- TC, total cholesterol
- TG, triglyceride
- TM6SF2, transmembrane 6 superfamily member 2
- TP53, tumor protein p53
- TRA, translocation
- Topologically associated domain
- Transcriptome
- WGS, whole-genome sequencing
- Whole-genome sequencing
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Nazir N, Muhammad J, Ghaffar R, Nisar M, Zahoor M, Uddin F, Ullah R, Alotaibi A. Phytochemical profiling and antioxidant potential of Daphne mucronata Royle and action against paracetamol-induced hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity in rabbits. Saudi J Biol Sci 2021; 28:5290-5301. [PMID: 34466107 PMCID: PMC8381059 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2021.05.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The paracetamol-induced injuries of liver and kidneys in animals are mostly used to screen out the hepato and nephroprotective effect of extract or other therapeutic agents. In the present study total phenolic and flavonoid contents, in vitro antioxidant, and in vivo hepato/nephroprotective (on paracetamol-induced intoxication in experimental rabbits) potentials of the Daphne mucronata leaves methanolic extract were determined. For the identification of possible phytochemicals, HPLC (high performance liquid chromatography) analysis was carried out and a total of eight phenolic compounds; malic acid, gallic acid, chlorogenic acid, epigallocatechin gallate, quercetin, morin, ellagic acid, and rutin were identified. D. mucronata extract at doses of 250 and 500 mg/kg body weight were given for eight days to paracetamol intoxicated rabbits and the observed results were compared with standard Silymarin. The level of liver enzymes like aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, serum triglyceride, serum cholesterol, serum bilirubin, and kidneys biomarkers like serum urea, uric acid, and creatinine, as well as lipid peroxidation malondialdehyde contents were increased while the antioxidant enzymes like reduced glutathione and total antioxidant capacity were decreased. Furthermore, histopathological analysis of the liver and kidney tissues of control and treated groups also confirmed the hepatoprotective and nephroprotective effect of the D. mucronata which was most probably due to its high antioxidant phenolic and flavonoid phytoconstituents.
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Key Words
- ABTS
- ABTS, 2, 2′-Azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)
- ALP, alkaline phosphatase
- ALT, alanine aminotransferase
- AST, aspartate aminotransferase
- Antioxidants
- D. mucronata, Daphne mucronata
- DPPH
- DPPH, 2, 2-Diphenyl,1,picrylhydrazyl
- Daphne mucronata extract
- GSH, reduced glutathione
- Kidney biomarkers
- Liver biomarkers
- MDA, malondialdehyde
- Met. Ext, Methanolic extract
- NAPQI, N-acetyl-p-benzo-quineimine
- OECD, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development
- Phytochemicals
- SEM, Standard error mean
- Silymarin
- TAC, total antioxidant capacity
- TFC, Total flavonoid content
- TPC, Total phenolic content
- p.o., Per oral
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Affiliation(s)
- Nausheen Nazir
- Department of Bio Chemistry, University of Malakand, Chakdara, Dir (Lower) 18800, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Jebran Muhammad
- Department of Botany, University of Malakand, Chakdara, Dir (Lower) 18800, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Rukhsana Ghaffar
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Malakand, Chakdara, Dir (Lower) 18800, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Mohammad Nisar
- Department of Botany, University of Malakand, Chakdara, Dir (Lower) 18800, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Zahoor
- Department of Bio Chemistry, University of Malakand, Chakdara, Dir (Lower) 18800, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Faheem Uddin
- University of Engineering & Technology, Mardan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Riaz Ullah
- Department of Pharmacognosy, (MAPPRC), College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amal Alotaibi
- Basic Science Department, College of Medicine, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University. Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
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Tang G, Li S, Zhang C, Chen H, Wang N, Feng Y. Clinical efficacies, underlying mechanisms and molecular targets of Chinese medicines for diabetic nephropathy treatment and management. Acta Pharm Sin B 2021; 11:2749-67. [PMID: 34589395 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2020.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Revised: 10/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) has been recognized as a severe complication of diabetes mellitus and a dominant pathogeny of end-stage kidney disease, which causes serious health problems and great financial burden to human society worldwide. Conventional strategies, such as renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system blockade, blood glucose level control, and bodyweight reduction, may not achieve satisfactory outcomes in many clinical practices for DN management. Notably, due to the multi-target function, Chinese medicine possesses promising clinical benefits as primary or alternative therapies for DN treatment. Increasing studies have emphasized identifying bioactive compounds and molecular mechanisms of reno-protective effects of Chinese medicines. Signaling pathways involved in glucose/lipid metabolism regulation, antioxidation, anti-inflammation, anti-fibrosis, and podocyte protection have been identified as crucial mechanisms of action. Herein, we summarize the clinical efficacies of Chinese medicines and their bioactive components in treating and managing DN after reviewing the results demonstrated in clinical trials, systematic reviews, and meta-analyses, with a thorough discussion on the relative underlying mechanisms and molecular targets reported in animal and cellular experiments. We aim to provide comprehensive insights into the protective effects of Chinese medicines against DN.
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Key Words
- ACEI, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor
- ADE, adverse event
- AGEs, advanced glycation end-products
- AM, mesangial area
- AMPKα, adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase α
- ARB, angiotensin receptor blocker
- AREs, antioxidant response elements
- ATK, protein kinase B
- BAX, BCL-2-associated X protein
- BCL-2, B-cell lymphoma 2
- BCL-XL, B-cell lymphoma-extra large
- BMP-7, bone morphogenetic protein-7
- BUN, blood urea nitrogen
- BW, body weight
- C, control group
- CCR, creatinine clearance rate
- CD2AP, CD2-associated protein
- CHOP, C/EBP homologous protein
- CI, confidence interval
- COL-I/IV, collagen I/IV
- CRP, C-reactive protein
- CTGF, connective tissue growth factor
- Chinese medicine
- D, duration
- DAG, diacylglycerol
- DG, glomerular diameter
- DKD, diabetic kidney disease
- DM, diabetes mellitus
- DN, diabetic nephropathy
- Diabetic kidney disease
- Diabetic nephropathy
- EMT, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition
- EP, E-prostanoid receptor
- ER, endoplasmic reticulum
- ESRD, end-stage renal disease
- ET-1, endothelin-1
- ETAR, endothelium A receptor
- FBG, fasting blood glucose
- FN, fibronectin
- GCK, glucokinase
- GCLC, glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit
- GFR, glomerular filtration rate
- GLUT4, glucose transporter type 4
- GPX, glutathione peroxidase
- GRB 10, growth factor receptor-bound protein 10
- GRP78, glucose-regulated protein 78
- GSK-3, glycogen synthase kinase 3
- Gαq, Gq protein alpha subunit
- HDL-C, high density lipoprotein-cholesterol
- HO-1, heme oxygenase-1
- HbA1c, glycosylated hemoglobin
- Herbal medicine
- ICAM-1, intercellular adhesion molecule-1
- IGF-1, insulin-like growth factor 1
- IGF-1R, insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor
- IKK-β, IκB kinase β
- IL-1β/6, interleukin 1β/6
- IR, insulin receptor
- IRE-1α, inositol-requiring enzyme-1α
- IRS, insulin receptor substrate
- IκB-α, inhibitory protein α
- JAK, Janus kinase
- JNK, c-Jun N-terminal kinase
- LC3, microtubule-associated protein light chain 3
- LDL, low-density lipoprotein
- LDL-C, low density lipoprotein-cholesterol
- LOX1, lectin-like oxidized LDL receptor 1
- MAPK, mitogen-activated protein kinase
- MCP-1, monocyte chemotactic protein-1
- MD, mean difference
- MDA, malondialdehyde
- MMP-2, matrix metallopeptidase 2
- MYD88, myeloid differentiation primary response 88
- Molecular target
- N/A, not applicable
- N/O, not observed
- N/R, not reported
- NF-κB, nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells
- NOX-4, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate-oxidase-4
- NQO1, NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase 1
- NRF2, nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2
- OCP, oxidative carbonyl protein
- ORP150, 150-kDa oxygen-regulated protein
- P70S6K, 70-kDa ribosomal protein S6 kinase
- PAI-1, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1
- PARP, poly(ADP-Ribose) polymerase
- PBG, postprandial blood glucose
- PERK, protein kinase RNA-like eukaryotic initiation factor 2A kinase
- PGC-1α, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1α
- PGE2, prostaglandin E2
- PI3K, phosphatidylinositol 3 kinases
- PINK1, PTEN-induced putative kinase 1
- PKC, protein kinase C
- PTEN, phosphatase and tensin homolog
- RAGE, receptors of AGE
- RASI, renin-angiotensin system inhibitor
- RCT, randomized clinical trial
- ROS, reactive oxygen species
- SCr, serum creatinine
- SD, standard deviation
- SD-rat, Sprague–Dawley rat
- SIRT1, sirtuin 1
- SMAD, small mothers against decapentaplegic
- SMD, standard mean difference
- SMURF-2, SMAD ubiquitination regulatory factor 2
- SOCS, suppressor of cytokine signaling proteins
- SOD, superoxide dismutase
- STAT, signal transducers and activators of transcription
- STZ, streptozotocin
- Signaling pathway
- T, treatment group
- TBARS, thiobarbituric acid-reactive substance
- TC, total cholesterol
- TCM, traditional Chinese medicine
- TFEB, transcription factor EB
- TG, triglyceride
- TGBM, thickness of glomerular basement membrane
- TGF-β, tumor growth factor β
- TGFβR-I/II, TGF-β receptor I/II
- TII, tubulointerstitial injury index
- TLR-2/4, toll-like receptor 2/4
- TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor α
- TRAF5, tumor-necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 5
- UACR, urinary albumin to creatinine ratio
- UAER, urinary albumin excretion rate
- UMA, urinary microalbumin
- UP, urinary protein
- VCAM-1, vascular cell adhesion molecule-1
- VEGF, vascular endothelial growth factor
- WMD, weight mean difference
- XBP-1, spliced X box-binding protein 1
- cAMP, cyclic adenosine monophosphate
- eGFR, estimated GFR
- eIF2α, eukaryotic initiation factor 2α
- mTOR, mammalian target of rapamycin
- p-IRS1, phospho-IRS1
- p62, sequestosome 1 protein
- α-SMA, α smooth muscle actin
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Mannaa FAE, Abdel-Wahhab KGED, Daoud EM, El Gendy AAR, Saber MM, Fadl NN. Effectiveness of low-power laser therapy in improvement of the peripheral neuropathy induced by xenobiotics in rats. Biochem Biophys Rep 2021; 27:101085. [PMID: 34381880 PMCID: PMC8334374 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2021.101085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Peripheral neuropathy (PN) is the damage and dysfunction of neurons of the peripheral nervous system. The present study was conducted to estimate the effectiveness of low-power laser therapy (LPLT) in the management of PN in a rats' model. METHODS PN was induced by giving dichloroacetate (DCA) (250 mg/kg/day) for up to 12 weeks. Four groups of rats were used: control group, PN group, PN group treated with gabapentin and PN group treated with LPLT. The study was conducted for 8 weeks. The management of PN was estimated by behavioral tests which included hot plate and Morris water maze tests. Blood biochemical analysis were carried out. RESULTS Using of hot plate test indicated thermal hypoalgesia and using Morris water maze test showed cognitive decline in PN rats. Treatment with LPLT or gabapentin improved both the pain sensations and deteriorated memory that occurred in the PN rats. Biochemical analysis showed that LPLT significantly decreased the elevated beta-endorphin level in PN rats, while gabapentin could not reduce it. Treatment PN rats with LPLT or gabapentin shifted the high levels of TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-10 cytokines back to their normal values. Serum nitric oxide and MDA significantly increased in the PN group together with significant reduction in the rGSH level, these values were significantly improved by LPLT application while this was not the case with gabapentin treatment. Furthermore, treatment with gabapentin or LPLT significantly reduced serum ALAT and ASAT activities which are otherwise increased in the PN group. S100B, PGE2, total cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL-cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, urea and creatinine showed insignificant changes among all groups. CONCLUSIONS Our results showed that treatment with LPLT is more efficient than gabapentin in ameliorating the peripheral neuropathy induced by xenobiotics.
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Key Words
- ADP, adenosine diphosphate
- ATP, Adenosine triphosphate
- ATP, adenosine triphosphate
- DCA, Dichloroacetate
- Dichloroacetate
- Gabapentin
- IL-10, interleukin −10
- IL-1β, interleukin - 1β
- LPLT, Low power laser therapy
- Low-power laser therapy
- MCTs, monocarboxylate transporters
- MDA, malondialdehyde
- NAD+, Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide
- NO, nitric oxide
- Neuropathy
- PDH, pyruvate dehydrogenase
- PGE2, prostaglandin E2
- PN, Peripheral neuropathy
- S100B, calcium binding protein B
- TCA, cycle tricarboxylic acid cycle or the Krebs cycle
- TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor- α
- rGSH, reduced glutathione
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Eitedal Mahmoud Daoud
- Complementary Medicine Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo, 12622, Egypt
| | | | - Maha Mohamed Saber
- Complementary Medicine Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo, 12622, Egypt
| | - Nevein Naim Fadl
- Medical Physiology Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo, 12622, Egypt
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Arjmand MH, Hashemzehi M, Soleimani A, Asgharzadeh F, Avan A, Mehraban S, Fakhraei M, Ferns GA, Ryzhikov M, Gharib M, Salari R, Sayyed Hoseinian SH, Parizadeh MR, Khazaei M, Hassanian SM. Therapeutic potential of active components of saffron in post-surgical adhesion band formation. J Tradit Complement Med 2021; 11:328-335. [PMID: 34195027 PMCID: PMC8240116 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcme.2021.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Abdominal adhesions are common and often develop after abdominal surgery. There are currently no useful targeted pharmacotherapies for adhesive disease. Saffron and its active constituents, Crocin and Crocetin, are wildly used in traditional medicine for alleviating the severity of inflammatory or malignant disease. PURPOSE The aim of this study was to investigate the therapeutic potential of the pharmacological active component of saffron in attenuating the formation of post-operative adhesion bands using different administration methods in a murine model. MATERIAL METHOD saffron extract (100 mg/kg), Crocin (100 mg/kg), and Crocetin (100 mg/kg) were administered intraperitoneally and by gavage in various groups of male Wistar rat post-surgery. Also three groups were first treated intra-peritoneally by saffron extract, Crocin, and Crocetin (100 mg/kg) for 10 days and then had surgery. At the end of the experiments, animals sacrificed for biological assessment. RESULT A hydro-alcoholic extract of saffron and crocin but not crocetin potently reduced the adhesion band frequency in treatment and pre-treatment groups in the mice given intra-peritoneal (i.p) injections. Following the saffron or crocin administration, histological evaluation and quantitative analysis represented less inflammatory cell infiltration and less collagen composition, compared to control group. Moreover, the oxidative stress was significantly reduced in treatment groups. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that a hydro-alcoholic extract of saffron or its active compound, crocin, is a potentially novel therapeutic strategy for the prevention of adhesions formation and might be used as beneficial anti-inflammatory or anti-fibrosis agents in clinical trials. TAXONOMY Abdominal surgeries/post-surgical adhesions.
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Key Words
- APC, activated protein C
- Crocetin
- Crocin
- DSS, dextran sodium sulfate
- Fibrosis
- HE, Hematoxylin & Eosin
- IP, intera-peritoneal
- Inflammation
- MDA, malondialdehyde
- PDGF, platelet-derived growth factor
- PSAB, post-surgical adhesion band
- Post-surgical adhesion band formation
- SOD, superoxidase dismutase
- Saffron
- TAA, thioacetamide
- TGF-β, transforming growth factor-beta
- α-SMA, α-smooth muscle actin
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad-Hassan Arjmand
- Medical Plants Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | | | - Atena Soleimani
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Fereshteh Asgharzadeh
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Amir Avan
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Student Research Committee and Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Science, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Saeedeh Mehraban
- Immunology Research Center, Inflammation and Inflammatory Diseases Division, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Maryam Fakhraei
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Gordon A. Ferns
- Brighton & Sussex Medical School, Division of Medical Education, Falmer, Brighton, BN1 9PH, UK
| | - Mikhail Ryzhikov
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Washington University, School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Masoumeh Gharib
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Roshanak Salari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Persian Medicine, School of Persian and Complementary Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | | | - Mohammad Reza Parizadeh
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Majid Khazaei
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Seyed Mahdi Hassanian
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Karimani A, Ramezani N, Afkhami Goli A, Nazem Shirazi MH, Nourani H, Jafari AM. Subchronic neurotoxicity of diazinon in albino mice: Impact of oxidative stress, AChE activity, and gene expression disturbances in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus on mood, spatial learning, and memory function. Toxicol Rep 2021; 8:1280-1288. [PMID: 34277358 PMCID: PMC8261896 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2021.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 06/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Diazinon (DZN) with prominent neurotoxic effects perturbs CNS function via multiple mechanisms. This investigation intends to explore mood, spatial learning, and memory dysfunction, acetylcholine esterase (AChE) activity, and neurodegeneration-related gene expression in the cortex and hippocampus regions of mice exposed to DZN for 63 consecutive days (subchronic exposure). Adult male albino mice were orally given sublethal DZN (DZNL = 0.1 mg/kg, DZNM = 1 mg/kg and DZNH = 10 mg/kg). All mice in the DZNH group died within 3 weeks postexposure. DZNL and DZNM caused body and brain weight loss (p < 0.05). Completing 9 weeks of DZN exposure, a marked decline in AChE activity and oxidative stress level was indicated in both brain regions (p < 0.05). Also, synaptophysin, vesicular acetylcholine transferase, and glutamate decarboxylase gene expressions were affected in both brain regions (p < 0.05). Furthermore, the present study revealed that DZN administration increased anxiety and depressive-like behaviors (p < 0.0001). Spatial learning and short- and long-memory were severely affected by DZNL and DZNM treatments (p < 0.0001). Taken together, subchronic exposure to low and medium doses of DZN can cause AChE inhibition, oxidative damage, and neurotransmitter disturbances in brain cells and induce neurodegeneration. These changes would impair mood, spatial learning, and memory function.
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Key Words
- AChE, acetylcholine esterase
- AD, Alzheimer’s disease
- Ach, acetylcholine
- COX-2, cyclooxygenase-2
- CX, cerebral cortex
- Cerebral cortex
- DZN, diazinon
- DZO, diazoxon
- Diazinon
- FRAP, ferric reducing antioxidant power
- FST, forced swim test
- GABA, ϒ-aminobutyric acid
- GAD65, glutamate decarboxylase 65
- HP, hippocampus
- Hippocampus
- LD50, lethal dose 50
- MB, marble burying test
- MDA, malondialdehyde
- MWM, Morris water maze test
- Memory
- NOAEL, no-observed-adverse-effect level
- Neurodegenerative diseases
- Ops, organophosphates
- PD, Parkinson’s disease
- RNS, reactive nitrogen species
- ROS, reactive oxygen species
- SEM, standard error of the mean
- SYP, synaptophysin
- Spatial learning
- VAChT, vesicular acetylcholine transferase
- qRT-PCR, quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction
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Affiliation(s)
- Asieh Karimani
- Department of Toxicology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Nasrin Ramezani
- Department of Toxicology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Amir Afkhami Goli
- Department of Toxicology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | | | - Hosein Nourani
- Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Amir Moghaddam Jafari
- Department of Toxicology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
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Zhang H, Fu L. The role of ALDH2 in tumorigenesis and tumor progression: Targeting ALDH2 as a potential cancer treatment. Acta Pharm Sin B 2021; 11:1400-11. [PMID: 34221859 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2021.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Revised: 11/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A major mitochondrial enzyme for protecting cells from acetaldehyde toxicity is aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2). The correlation between ALDH2 dysfunction and tumorigenesis/growth/metastasis has been widely reported. Either low or high ALDH2 expression contributes to tumor progression and varies among different tumor types. Furthermore, the ALDH2∗2 polymorphism (rs671) is the most common single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in Asia. Epidemiological studies associate ALDH2∗2 with tumorigenesis and progression. This study summarizes the essential functions and potential ALDH2 mechanisms in the occurrence, progression, and treatment of tumors in various types of cancer. Our study indicates that ALDH2 is a potential therapeutic target for cancer therapy.
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Key Words
- 4-HNE, 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal
- ALD, alcoholic liver disease
- ALDH2
- ALDH2, aldehyde dehydrogenase 2
- AMPK, AMP-activated protein kinase
- Acetaldehyde
- BCa, bladder cancer
- COUP-TF, chicken ovalbumin upstream promoter-transcription factor
- CRC, colorectal cancer
- CSCs, cancer stem cells
- Cancer
- Cancer therapy
- DFS, disease-free survival
- EC, esophageal cancer
- FA, Fanconi anemia
- FANCD2, Fanconi anemia protein
- GCA, gastric cancer
- HCC, hepatocellular carcinoma
- HDACs, histone deacetylases
- HNC, head and neck cancer
- HNF-4, hepatocyte nuclear factor 4
- HR, homologous recombination
- LCSCs, liver cancer stem cells
- MDA, malondialdehyde
- MDR, multi-drug resistance
- MN, micronuclei
- Metastasis
- NAD, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide
- NCEs, normochromic erythrocytes
- NER, nucleotide excision repair pathway
- NF-κB, nuclear factor-κB
- NHEJ, non-homologous end-joining
- NRF2, nuclear factor erythroid 2 (NF-E2)-related factor 2
- NRRE, nuclear receptor response element
- NSCLC, non-small-cell lung
- NeG, 1,N2-etheno-dGuo
- OPC, oropharyngeal cancer
- OS, overall survival
- OvCa, ovarian cancer
- PBMC, peripheral blood mononuclear cell
- PC, pancreatic cancer
- PdG, N2-propano-2′-deoxyguanosine
- Polymorphism
- Progression
- REV1, Y-family DNA polymerase
- SCC, squamous cell carcinoma
- TGF-β, transforming growth factor β
- Tumorigenesis
- VHL, von Hippel-Lindau
- ccRCC, clear-cell renal cell carcinomas
- εPKC, epsilon protein kinase C
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Chernukha I, Fedulova L, Vasilevskaya E, Kulikovskii A, Kupaeva N, Kotenkova E. Antioxidant effect of ethanolic onion ( Allium cepa) husk extract in ageing rats. Saudi J Biol Sci 2021; 28:2877-2885. [PMID: 34025165 PMCID: PMC8117138 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2021.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of natural antioxidants in preventing of age-relating diseases is evident. The vegetable industry generates a large amount of waste, which is a good source of antioxidants. The aim of the study was the investigation of the antioxidant effect of long-term consumption of ethanolic yellow onion husk extract in ageing laboratory rodents. Twenty male Wistar albino rats were divided randomly into two groups (n = 10): a control group and an experimental group that received ethanolic yellow onion husk extract (2 mL/rat diluted with distilled water; activity of 4.44 µmol-equiv. quercetin) for 188 days. Oxygen radical absorbance capacity and ferric reducing antioxidant power assays were used to determine the total antioxidant capacity of the extract, which amounted to 941.4 ± 32.7 µmol equiv. Trolox/g raw material and 167.4 ± 16.4 µmol-equiv. quercetin/g raw material, respectively. Oral intake of the onion husk extract affected the indicators of the antioxidant system of the liver and the brain but not of the blood and plasma, mainly due to elevations in the activity of catalase and superoxide dismutase in the liver by 44.4% and 79.1%, respectively, and in the brain by three-fold and 79.1%, respectively. The availability, cheapness and high antioxidant potential of onion waste qualifies it a good source of functional ingredients and bioactive substances applicable in the food and pharmaceutical industries.
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Key Words
- AOS, antioxidant system
- Ageing
- Antioxidant system
- CAT, catalase
- FR, free radical
- FRAP, fFerric reducing antioxidant power
- GC–MS, gas chromatography–mass spectrometry
- GSH, reduced glutathione
- HAT, hydrogen atom transfer
- HPLC-MS, high performance liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry
- IICI, integral indicators of chronic intoxication
- MDA, malondialdehyde
- OHE, onion husk ethanolic extract
- ORAC, oxygen radical absorbance capacity
- Onion husk
- Oxidative stress
- Plant antioxidants
- ROS, reactive oxygen species
- SET, single electron transfer
- SOD, superoxide dismutase
- TAC, total antioxidant capacity
- TBARS, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances
- Vegetable waste
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Chernukha
- V. M. Gorbatov Federal Research Centre for Food Systems of RAS, Talalikhina st., 26, 109316 Moscow, Russia
| | - Liliya Fedulova
- V. M. Gorbatov Federal Research Centre for Food Systems of RAS, Talalikhina st., 26, 109316 Moscow, Russia
| | - Ekaterina Vasilevskaya
- V. M. Gorbatov Federal Research Centre for Food Systems of RAS, Talalikhina st., 26, 109316 Moscow, Russia
| | - Andrei Kulikovskii
- V. M. Gorbatov Federal Research Centre for Food Systems of RAS, Talalikhina st., 26, 109316 Moscow, Russia
| | - Nadezhda Kupaeva
- V. M. Gorbatov Federal Research Centre for Food Systems of RAS, Talalikhina st., 26, 109316 Moscow, Russia
| | - Elena Kotenkova
- V. M. Gorbatov Federal Research Centre for Food Systems of RAS, Talalikhina st., 26, 109316 Moscow, Russia
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Singh D, Chaudhary D, Kumar V, Verma A. Amelioration of diethylnitrosamine (DEN) induced renal oxidative stress and inflammation by Carissa carandas embedded silver nanoparticles in rodents. Toxicol Rep 2021; 8:636-645. [PMID: 33850732 PMCID: PMC8039534 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2021.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Phytofabricated silver nanoparticles (CCAgNPs) were biosynthesized and characterized. CCAgNPs were evaluated against diethylnitrosamine induced renal cancer. Silver nanoparticles have an antioxidant property. Silver nanoparticles unveiled a therapeutic effect against renal cancer in vivo.
Introduction Inflammation and oxidative stress are the main factors ascribed with interruption in the process of renal tissue impairment. The toxicity of different types of nitrosamine is well recognized in animals and humans. Administration of the smallest quantities of diethylnitrosamine or dimethylnitrosamine either orally or parenterally results into renal damage. Therapeutic effects of phytofabricated silver nanoparticles of Carissa carandas aqueous extract has been scrutinised in current study for the assessment of renal cancer activity in animal model. Methodology Phytofabricated silver nanoparticles were characterized by using different instrumentation. Nephroprotective activity of silver nanoparticles at different doses was evaluated against N-diethylnitrosamine (200 mg/kg b.w., intraperitoneal) in animal model. Serum and renal homogenate were taken to evaluate the renal toxicity markers, oxidative stress, and antioxidant parameter, proinflammatory cytokines and histopathological study. Result Significant outcomes of silver nanoparticles in dose dependent manner down regulated the elevated serum marker, tumour marker enzymes and histopathology observation of repaired tissue assured the renal cancer activity in animals. In addition, profile of enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant, proinflammatory cytokines and tumour promotion marker also favours the anticancer property of silver nanoparticles. Conclusion The data of current study reveals silver nanoparticles ameliorates renal oxidative stress and carcinogenesis which was induced by N-diethylnitrosamine and accredited to antioxidant and anticancer activities of phytofabricated nanoparticles by biological approach.
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Key Words
- ABTS, 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid
- AgNO3, silver nitrate
- AgNPs, silver nanoparticles
- BUN, blood urea nitrogen
- CC, carissa carandas
- CCAgNPs, silver nanoparticles of carissa carandas aqueous extract
- CDNB, 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene
- Carissa carandas embedded silver nanoparticles
- DEN, diethylnitrosamine
- DLS, dynamic light scattering
- DMN, dimethylnitrosamine
- DMSO, dimethyl sulphoxide
- FE-SEM, field emission scanning electron microscopy
- GGT, gamma glutamyl transpeptidase
- GGT, γ-glutamyl transpeptidase activity
- GPx, glutathione peroxidase
- GR, glutathione reductase activity
- GSH, glutathione
- GST, glutathione –S- Transferase
- H2O2, hydrogen peroxide
- IAEC, institutional animal ethical committee
- LDH, lactate dehydrogenase
- MDA, malondialdehyde
- NF-κB pathway
- NPs, nanoparticles
- ODC, ornithine decarboxylase
- ROS, reactive oxygen species
- Renal carcinoma
- SOD, superoxide dismutase
- XO, xanthine oxidase
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepika Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology & Sciences, Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh, 211007, India
| | - Deepak Chaudhary
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mohanlal Sukhadia University, Udaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Vikas Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology & Sciences, Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh, 211007, India
| | - Amita Verma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology & Sciences, Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh, 211007, India
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Bettacchioli E, Le Gaffric C, Mazeas M, Borghi MO, Frostegard J, Barturen G, Makowska Z, Babei S, Lesche R, Meroni PL, Alarcon-Riquelme ME, Renaudineau Y. An elevated polyclonal free light chain level reflects a strong interferon signature in patients with systemic autoimmune diseases. J Transl Autoimmun 2021; 4:100090. [PMID: 33817614 PMCID: PMC8010703 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtauto.2021.100090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
High amount of polyclonal free light chains (FLC) are reported in systemic autoimmune diseases (SAD) and we took advantage of the PRECISESADS study to better characterize them. Serum FLC levels were explored in 1979 patients with SAD (RA, SLE, SjS, Scl, APS, UCTD, MCTD) and 614 healthy controls. Information regarding clinical parameters, disease activity, medications, autoantibodies (Ab) and the interferon α and/or γ scores were recorded. Among SAD patients, 28.4% had raised total FLC (from 12% in RA to 30% in SLE and APS) with a normal kappa/lambda ratio. Total FLC levels were significantly higher in SAD with inflammation, active disease in SLE and SjS, and an impaired pulmonary functional capacity in SSc, while independent from kidney impairment, infection, cancer and treatment. Total FLC concentrations were positively correlated among the 10/17 (58.8%) autoantibodies (Ab) tested with anti-RNA binding protein Ab (SSB, SSA-52/60 kDa, Sm, U1-RNP), anti-dsDNA/nucleosome Ab, rheumatoid factor and negatively correlated with complement fractions C3/C4. Finally, examination of interferon (IFN) expression as a potential driver of FLC overexpression was tested showing an elevated level of total FLC among patients with a high IFNα and IFNγ Kirou's score, a strong IFN modular score, and the detection in the sera of B-cell IFN dependent factors, such as TNF-R1/TNFRSF1A and CXCL10/IP10. In conclusion, an elevated level of FLC, in association with a strong IFN signature, defines a subgroup of SAD patients, including those without renal affectation, characterized by increased disease activity, autoreactivity, and complement reduction.
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Key Words
- APS, primary antiphospholipid syndrome
- AUC, area under the curve
- Ab, autoantibody
- Autoantibodies
- Autoimmune diseases
- CCP, cyclic citrulinated peptide
- CXCL10, C-X-C motif chemokine 10
- F, female
- FLC, free light chains
- Free light chains
- HC, healthy controls
- IFN, interferon
- Interferon signature
- M, male
- MCTD, mixed connective tissue disease
- MDA, malondialdehyde
- NK, natural killer
- PC, phosphorylcholine
- RA, rheumatoid arthritis
- RF, rheumatoid factor
- RNP, ribonucleoprotein
- ROC, Receiver Operating Characteristics
- SAD, systemic autoimmune diseases
- SD, standard deviation
- SLE, systemic lupus erythematosus
- Scl, systemic sclerosis
- SjS, Sjögren's syndrome
- TH1, T helper type 1
- TNF-R1, tumor necrosis factor receptor 1
- UCTD, undetermined connective tissue disease
- VAS, visual analogical scale
- κ, kappa
- λ, lambda
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Margaux Mazeas
- Laboratory of Immunology and Immunotherapy, CHRU Morvan, Brest, France
| | - Maria Orietta Borghi
- Immunorheumatology Research Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy
| | - Johan Frostegard
- Section of Immunology and Chronic Disease, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Guillermo Barturen
- GENYO, Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research, Pfizer/University of Granada/Andalusian Regional Government, Granada, 18016, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | - Pier Luigi Meroni
- Immunorheumatology Research Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy
| | - Marta E. Alarcon-Riquelme
- GENYO, Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research, Pfizer/University of Granada/Andalusian Regional Government, Granada, 18016, Spain
| | - Yves Renaudineau
- Laboratory of Immunology and Immunotherapy, CHRU Morvan, Brest, France
- Univ Brest, INSERM, LBAI, 29238, Brest Cedex 3, France
- Corresponding author. Laboratory of Immunology and Immunotherapy, CHRU Morvan, Brest, France.
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Somade OT, Ajayi BO, Adeyi OE, Adeshina AA, Adekoya MO, Abdulhameed RO. Oxidative stress-mediated induction of pulmonary oncogenes, inflammatory, and apoptotic markers following time-course exposure to ethylene glycol monomethyl ether in rats. Metabol Open 2021; 9:100075. [PMID: 33409483 PMCID: PMC7773962 DOI: 10.1016/j.metop.2020.100075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Ethylene glycol monomethyl ether (EGME) has been used in many products usually handled by humans including inks, paints, polishes, brake fluids and so on. This present study therefore, investigated its effect on lung, in a time-course study in male Wistar rats. Animals were orally administered 50 mg/kg body weight of EGME for a period of 7, 14, and 21 days. Following 7 days of oral exposure to EGME, activities of GPx and SOD were significantly increased, as well as levels of K-Ras, c-Myc, p53, caspase-3, TNF-α and, IL-6, while NO level and GST activity were significantly reduced compared with control. At the end of 14 days exposure, GSH level was significantly decreased, while levels of K-Ras, c-Myc, p53, caspase-3, TNF-α, IL-6, NO and the activities of SOD and GPx were significantly elevated with respect to control. After 21 days of EGME administration, levels of Bcl-2, IL-10, GSH and NO as well as GST activity were significantly decreased, while levels of K-Ras, c-Myc, p53, Bax, caspase-3, IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α, as well as GPx, CAT, and SOD activities were significantly elevated compared with control. Lung histopathology revealed chronic disseminated alveolar inflammation, bronchiolitis, severe alveolar and bronchi hyperplasia, severe disseminated inflammation, thrombosis, and thickened vessels as a result of EGME exposures. Exposures to EGME could trigger lung damage via the disorganization of the antioxidant system, eliciting the up-regulation of inflammatory, apoptotic, and oncogenic markers in rats.
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Key Words
- Apoptosis
- Bax, Bcl-2 associated X
- Bcl-2, B-cell lymphoma 2
- CAT, catalase
- Ethylene glycol monomethyl ether
- GPx, glutathione peroxidase
- GSH, reduced glutathione
- GST, glutathione S-transferase
- Histopathology
- IL-1β, interleukin-1 beta
- IL-6, interleukin-6
- Inflammation
- K-Ras, Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene
- Lung
- MDA, malondialdehyde
- NO, nitric oxide
- Oncogenes
- Oxidative stress
- SOD, superoxide dismutase
- TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor alpha
- c-myc, myelocytomatosis
- p53, tumor suppressor protein
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Affiliation(s)
- Oluwatobi T. Somade
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Biosciences, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria
| | - Babajide O. Ajayi
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Ajayi Crowther University, Oyo, Nigeria
| | - Olubisi E. Adeyi
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Biosciences, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria
| | | | - Mary O. Adekoya
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Biosciences, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria
| | - Ridwan O. Abdulhameed
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Biosciences, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria
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Greish SM, Abdel Kader GS, Abdelaziz EZ, Eltamany DA, Sallam HS, Abogresha NM. Lycopene is superior to moringa in improving fertility markers in diet-induced obesity male rats. Saudi J Biol Sci 2021; 28:2956-2963. [PMID: 34025172 PMCID: PMC8117045 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2021.02.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2020] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity contributes to male infertility. Can lycopene or moringa improve male infertility? Tested in a rodent model of diet-induced obesity. Lycopene was superior to Moringa in improving male fertility parameters.
Obesity is a condition of chronic tissue inflammation and oxidative stress that poses as a risk factor for male infertility. Moringa oleifera oil extract is known to have cholesterol-lowering properties and a potential to treat obesity, while lycopene is a potent antioxidant. We hypothesize that Moringa or lycopene may improve male fertility markers in an animal model of diet-induced obesity. Male Albino rats (n = 60) were randomized to receive regular chow (RC) or high-fat diet (HFD) for 12 weeks (n = 30 each). Animals in each arm were further randomized to receive gavage treatment with corn oil (vehicle), lycopene (10 mg/kg), or Moringa (400 mg/kg) for four weeks starting on week 9 (n = 10 each). Animals were sacrificed at 12 weeks, and blood was collected to assess lipid profile, serum testosterone, and gonadotropin levels. The testes and epididymides were removed for sperm analysis, oxidative stress and inflammatory markers, and histopathological assessment. In comparison to their RC littermates, animals on HFD showed an increase in body weights, serum lipids, testosterone and gonadotrophin levels, testicular oxidative stress and inflammatory markers, as well as sperm abnormalities and disrupted testicular histology. Moringa or lycopene reduced body weight, improved oxidative stress, and male fertility markers in HFD-fed animals with lycopene exhibiting better anti-antioxidant and anti-lipidemic effects. Lycopene is superior to Moringa in improving male fertility parameters, possibly by attenuating oxidative stress.
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Key Words
- FSH, follicle-stimulating hormone
- Fertility
- GSH, reduced glutathione
- H&E, hematoxylin and eosin
- HDL, high-density lipoprotein
- HFD, high-fat diet
- HMG-Co-A, β-Hydroxy β-methylglutaryl-CoA
- IHC, immunohistochemistry
- LDL, low-density lipoprotein
- LH, Luteinizing hormone
- LY, lycopene
- Lycopene
- MDA, malondialdehyde
- MO, moringa
- Moringa
- NE, Eosin-Nigrosin
- Obesity
- Oxidative stress
- PBS, phosphate buffered saline
- RC, regular chow
- ROS, reactive oxygen species
- SOD, superoxide dismutase
- TC, total cholesterol
- VLDL, very low-density lipoprotein
- iNOS, inducible nitric oxide synthase
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahar M Greish
- Physiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt.,Medical Science Department, School of Oral and Dental Medicine, Badr University in Cairo, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ghada S Abdel Kader
- Human Anatomy and Embryology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Eman Z Abdelaziz
- Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Dalia A Eltamany
- Nutrition and Food Science, Home Economic Department, Faculty of Education, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Hanaa S Sallam
- Physiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt.,Endocrinology Division, Internal Medicine Department, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Noha M Abogresha
- Physiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
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Oyem JC, Chris-Ozoko LE, Enaohwo MT, Otabor FO, Okudayo VA, Udi OA. Antioxidative properties of Ocimum gratissimum alters Lead acetate induced oxidative damage in lymphoid tissues and hematological parameters of adult Wistar rats. Toxicol Rep 2021; 8:215-222. [PMID: 33511038 PMCID: PMC7817492 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2021.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic lead toxicity was induced in male rats by oral administration of lead acetate. Effect of Ocimum gratissimum in lead acetate toxicity on spleen, thymus, and blood. Oral lead acetate administration led to oxidative damage in spleen, thymus and blood. Ocimum gratissimum extract reversed oxidative stress and enhanced antioxidant enzymes. Ocimum gratissimum averts lead acetate-induced toxicity in the blood, thymus and spleen.
Lead exposure is a well-known environmental hazard. Its accumulation in humans may pose a danger to health. The present study investigated the beneficial effect of Ocimum gratissimum extract (OG) in reducing lead acetate (LA) induced oxidative damage in the spleen, thymus, and hematological indices. We employed an in vivo model of LA induced Wistar rats and administered 125 mg/kg/bw and 250 mg/kg/bw of OG extracts respectively. Our control groups were divided into 2; the first group received normal saline, feed, and water while the second group was administered OG extracts only. We assessed the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT) in the thymus and spleen and estimated percentages of blood cells. Our results showed that LA induces oxidative damage by significantly elevating MDA and diminishing GSH levels, SOD, and CAT activities. LA administration led to a significant decline in blood parameters. However, co-administration with OG compensated oxidative stress by significantly reducing MDA, increasing GSH, SOD, and CAT. Oral administration of OG to rats attenuated anemia, thrombocytopenia, leucocytosis, eosinophilia, monocytosis, and neutropenia induced by LA. The present study indicates that LA induced Spleen, thymus, and blood toxicity, which was reversed by oral OG administration.
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Key Words
- Antioxidation
- BW, Bodyweight
- CAT, Catalase
- GSH, Glutathione
- H2O2, Hydrogen peroxide
- Hb, Hemaglobin
- LA, Lead Acetate
- Lead acetate
- MDA, malondialdehyde
- OG, Ocimum gratissimum
- Ocimum gratissimum
- Oxidative stress
- RBC, Red Blood Cell
- ROS, Reactive Oxygen Species
- SOD, Superoxide Dismustase
- Spleen
- Thymus
- WBC, White Blood Cell
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Affiliation(s)
- John Chukwuma Oyem
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Delta State University, Abraka, Nigeria
| | - Lilian Ebite Chris-Ozoko
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Delta State University, Abraka, Nigeria
| | - Mamerhi Taniyohwo Enaohwo
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Delta State University, Abraka, Nigeria
| | - Francisca Osamahemwem Otabor
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Delta State University, Abraka, Nigeria
| | - Vera Anieze Okudayo
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Delta State University, Abraka, Nigeria
| | - Onoriode Andrew Udi
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences (Anatomy Unit), College of Natural and Applied Sciences, Achievers University Owo, Ondo State, Nigeria
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Singh C, Tiwari KN, Kumar P, Kumar A, Dixit J, Saini R, Mishra SK. Toxicity profiling and antioxidant activity of ethyl acetate extract of leaves of Premna integrifolia L. for its application as protective agent against xenobiotics. Toxicol Rep 2021; 8:196-205. [PMID: 33489779 PMCID: PMC7811065 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2021.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2020] [Revised: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Premna integrifoliaL. (Lamiaceae) is widely used in herbal formulation “Dashmoolarishta” which is useful in postnatal care. Ethyl acetate extract obtained from the leaves was evaluated for phenolic content and its antioxidant activity. Acute and subacute toxicity of the extract was studied in mice of both sexes to get an idea about LD50 value and assessed its safety profile before its application as a protective agent against different toxicities induced by xenobiotics. Phenol enriched extract (phenol content is 63.10 ± 1.26 mg/g of gallic acid equivalent and flavonoid content 75.33 ± 0.23 mg/g of rutin equivalent) showed good antioxidant activity. In acute toxicity studies it was observed that single different doses (300−5000 mg/kg b.wt.) of extract did not show any mortality of mice. Thus the LD50 of the extract was determined, and it was higher than 5000 mg/kg. There was no major change in behavioral and general appearance of mice. External morphology of liver, kidneys, lungs, spleen and heart did not show any effect of treatment. In subacute toxicity no statistically significant change in body weight, relative organ weight, food intake and water uptake, hematological, biochemical parameters were reported after comparison with control. Extract did not show significant effect in the level of antioxidant enzymes in the liver of mice of treated groups. No histopathological changes were observed in liver and kidney tissues. Thus, extract did not show any sign of toxic effects, when administered orally to male and female mice at dose level up to 1000 mg/kg. So, it can be utilized as protective agent against toxicity produced by different xenobiotics.
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Key Words
- Acute toxicity
- Biochemical parameters
- DPPH, 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl
- EAEPI, ethyl acetate extract of leaves of P. integrifolia
- GAE, gallic acid equivalents
- Heamatological parameters
- MDA, malondialdehyde
- OECD, Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development
- PC, polyphenol content
- Premna integrifolia
- RE, rutin equivalents
- Subacute toxicity
- TBA, thiobarbituricacid
- TBARS, thiobarbituric acid-reactive species
- TCA, trichloroaceticacid
- TFC, total flavonoid content
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandrashekhar Singh
- Department of Botany, MMV, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, 221005, India
| | - Kavindra Nath Tiwari
- Department of Botany, MMV, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, 221005, India
- Corresponding author.
| | - Pradeep Kumar
- Department of Botany, MMV, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, 221005, India
| | - Anil Kumar
- Department of Botany, MMV, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, 221005, India
| | - Jyoti Dixit
- Department of Botany, MMV, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, 221005, India
| | - Rajesh Saini
- Department of Botany, MMV, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, 221005, India
| | - Sunil Kumar Mishra
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221005, India
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Khedr SI, Mokhamer EHM, Hassan AA, El-Feki AS, Elkhodary GM, El-Gerbed MS. Psidium guajava Linn leaf ethanolic extract: In vivo giardicidal potential with ultrastructural damage, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. Saudi J Biol Sci 2021; 28:427-439. [PMID: 33424326 PMCID: PMC7783632 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2020.10.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 10/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction and aim Considering the magnitude of giardiasis problem, the side-effects of the used anti-giardia drugs and the resistance posed against them, the current study aimed to evaluate the in-vivo giardicidal effect of Psidium guajava leaf extract (PGLE). Methods For fulfilling this aim, five Swiss-albino mice groups were included; GI: non-infected, GII: Giardia-infected and non-treated, GIII: Giardia-infected and metronidazole-treated, GIV: Giardia-infected and PGLE-treated, and GV: Giardia-infected and treated with both metronidazole and PGLE. Treatment efficacy was assessed via; Giardia cyst viability and trophozoite count, trophozoite electron microscopic ultrastructure, duodenal histopathological scoring, immunohistochemistry for TNF-α and duodenal scanning electron microscopy. Moreover, mice serum liver enzymes, total bilirubin, albumin, lipid profile including; total cholesterol, HDL, LDL and triglycerides were assessed. Additionally, hepatic oxidative stress markers including; malondialdehyde (MDA), nitric oxide (NO), reduced glutathione (GSH) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were measured. Results Results showed that PGLE whether alone or combined with metronidazole has induced significant trophozoite count reduction and major architectural changes. Duodenal histological improvement, and local protective anti-inflammatory effect were confirmed. PGLE has also helped in healing of Giardia-induced gut atrophy. Thus, offered a comprehensive therapy for both the pathogen and the resultant pathological sequalae. Serum markers showed favorable hepatoprotective effect. Total cholesterol, LDL and triglycerides levels were less in PGLE-treated group than in metronidazole-treated group. Hepatic oxidative stress markers revealed the promising extract antioxidant effect. This study highlights, the promising in-vivo giardicidal PGLE activity, that was comparable to metronidazole, thus, the extract would be an ideal strongly recommended treatment for giardiasis. When combined with metronidazole, the extract potentiated its therapeutic effect. Besides, having hepatoprotective, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties, the extract can combat the major side effects of metronidazole therapy.
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Key Words
- ALT, alanine aminotransferase
- AST, aspartate aminotransferase
- Duodenal ultrastructure
- G. lamblia, Giardia lamblia
- GSH, reduced glutathione
- Giardia lamblia
- H&E, hematoxylin and eosin
- HDL, high-density lipoproteins
- LDL, low-density lipoproteins
- MDA, malondialdehyde
- MNZ, metronidazole
- NO, nitric oxide
- Nitric oxide
- PGLE, Psidium guajava Linn. leaf extract
- Psidium guajava leaf extract
- ROS, reactive oxygen species
- SEM, scanning electron microscopy
- SOD, superoxide dismutase enzyme
- Superoxide dismutase
- TEM, transmission electron microscopy
- TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor-alpha
- Tumor necrosis factor-α
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Affiliation(s)
- Safaa I. Khedr
- Department of Medical Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
- Corresponding author at: Medical Parasitology Department, El Mowasah Medical and Educational Complex, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.
| | | | - Amal A.A. Hassan
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Damanhour University, Damanhour, Egypt
| | - Asmaa S. El-Feki
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Damanhour University, Damanhour, Egypt
| | - Gihan M. Elkhodary
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Damanhour University, Damanhour, Egypt
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Sekiou O, Boumendjel M, Taibi F, Tichati L, Boumendjel A, Messarah M. Nephroprotective effect of Artemisia herba alba aqueous extract in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. J Tradit Complement Med 2021; 11:53-61. [PMID: 33511062 PMCID: PMC7817709 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcme.2020.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Revised: 01/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM In the present study, we investigate the phytochemical composition and the nephroprotective effects as well as the antioxidant properties of Artemisia herba alba aqueous extract in alloxan-induced experimental diabetes in rats. EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE Wistar rats were divided into four groups of seven rats each: Group I: Normal control (NC) received saline solution at 9‰ given by intraperitoneal way; Group II: Diabetic control (DC) received alloxan (150 mg/kg b.w) intraperitoneally; Group III: Normal control (NC + AHA) received saline solution at 9‰ and treated orally by AHA aqueous extract (400 mg/kg/b.w); Group IV: Diabetic control (DC + AHA) received alloxan solution (150 mg/kg b.w) intraperitoneally and treated by aqueous extract of AHA (400 mg/kg/b.w/day) orally after one week of alloxan administration. After 30 days, blood and tissue samples were collected for biochemical and histopathological analysis, respectively. Glomerular damage markers, including creatinine, serum urea, urine creatinine and urine urea levels were estimated. Creatinine clearance was also assessed. Oxidative stress parameters were assessed in the kidney homogenate. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION Alloxan-exposure resulted in significant increase in blood glucose and serum level of glomerular damage markers. The antioxidant enzyme activities were significantly downregulated associated with an increase in malondialdehyde (MDA) level over the baseline values. Artemisia herba alba aqueous extract supplementation significantly improved the studied parameters. In concluding, the results obtained suggests that Artemisia herbs-alba aqueous extract supplementation reduces alloxan-induced free radical generation, potentiates the antioxidant defense system and alleviates renal sensitivity to oxidative stress.
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Key Words
- AHA, Artemisia herba-alba
- AlCl3, Aluminum trichloride
- Artemisia herba alba
- CAT, catalase
- DC, Diabetic control
- DPPH, 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl
- DTNB, 5,5-dithiobis (2-nitrobenzoic acid)
- Diabetes
- Free radicals
- GPx, glutathione peroxidase
- GSH, reduced glutathione
- GST, glutathione-S-transferase
- H2O2, hydrogen peroxide
- MDA, malondialdehyde
- NBT, Nitro-blue tetrazolium
- Nephroprotection
- Oxidative stress
- RFC, Folin-Ciocalteu
- ROS, reactive oxygen species
- SOD, superoxide dismutase
- STZ, streptozotocin
- TBA, thiobarbituric acid
- TCA, trichloroacetic acid
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar Sekiou
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Environmental Toxicology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Badji Mokhtar, BP 12 Sidi Amar, Annaba, Algeria
| | - Mahieddine Boumendjel
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Environmental Toxicology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Badji Mokhtar, BP 12 Sidi Amar, Annaba, Algeria
| | - Faiza Taibi
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Environmental Toxicology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Badji Mokhtar, BP 12 Sidi Amar, Annaba, Algeria
| | - Lazhari Tichati
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Environmental Toxicology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Badji Mokhtar, BP 12 Sidi Amar, Annaba, Algeria
| | - Amel Boumendjel
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Environmental Toxicology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Badji Mokhtar, BP 12 Sidi Amar, Annaba, Algeria
| | - Mahfoud Messarah
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Environmental Toxicology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Badji Mokhtar, BP 12 Sidi Amar, Annaba, Algeria
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Kartha RV, Terluk MR, Brown R, Travis A, Mishra UR, Rudser K, Lau H, Jarnes JR, Cloyd JC, Weinreb NJ. Patients with Gaucher disease display systemic oxidative stress dependent on therapy status. Mol Genet Metab Rep 2020; 25:100667. [PMID: 33335836 PMCID: PMC7733024 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgmr.2020.100667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Revised: 10/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Gaucher disease is an autosomal recessive metabolic disorder caused by mutations in GBA1, which encodes for the lysosomal hydrolase enzyme, β-glucocerebrosidase. The resulting misfolded protein can trigger endoplasmic reticulum stress and an unfolded protein response within the affected cells. The enzyme deficiency leads to accumulation of its substrates, glucosylceramide and glucosylsphingosine, within macrophage lysosomes and with prominent disease manifestations in macrophage rich tissues. Resultant lysosomal pathology and impaired autophagy leads to redox imbalance, mitochondrial dysfunction and intracellular oxidative stress. Here we have systematically examined a role for oxidative stress in individuals affected by Gaucher disease. We compared multiple oxidative stress biomarkers in plasma and red blood cell samples from patients who are currently untreated, with those who are stable on standard-of-care therapy, and with healthy controls. We found significant differences in key oxidative stress biomarkers in untreated patients compared to healthy control. In treated patients, results generally fell between the controls and the untreated patients. Interestingly, even asymptomatic and minimally symptomatic untreated patients had evidence of significant systemic oxidative stress. We conclude that underlying oxidative stress may contribute to Gaucher disease pathophysiology including long-term adverse outcomes such as Parkinsonism and malignancies. Therapies targeting oxidative stress may prove useful as adjuvant treatments for Gaucher disease and other lysosomal storage disorders.
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Key Words
- ACE, angiotensin converting enzyme
- Antioxidants
- CHITO, chitotriosidase
- CNS, central nervous system
- ERT, enzyme replacement therapy
- GCase, glucocerebrosidase
- GD, Gaucher disease
- GD1, Type 1 Gaucher disease
- GD2, Type 2 Gaucher disease
- GD3, Type 3 Gaucher disease
- GPG, Glycine-Proline-Glutamate
- GPx, glutathione peroxidase
- GSH, glutathione
- GSSG, inactive, oxidized form of glutathione
- Gaucher disease
- Glutathione
- HPLC, high performance liquid chromatography
- LC-MS/MS, liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry
- Lipid peroxidation
- Lyso-GL1, glucosylsphingosine
- MDA, malondialdehyde
- NYU, New York University
- Oxidative stress
- RBC, red blood cell
- ROS, reactive oxygen species
- SOD, superoxide dismutase
- SRT, substrate reduction therapy
- TAC, total antioxidant capacity
- TBARS, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances
- TRAP, tartrate resistant acid phosphatase
- UMN, University of Minnesota
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Affiliation(s)
- Reena V Kartha
- Center for Orphan Drug Research, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States.,Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States
| | - Marcia R Terluk
- Center for Orphan Drug Research, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States.,Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States
| | - Roland Brown
- Division of Biostatistics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States
| | - Abigail Travis
- Center for Orphan Drug Research, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States.,Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States
| | - Usha R Mishra
- Center for Orphan Drug Research, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States.,Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States
| | - Kyle Rudser
- Division of Biostatistics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States
| | - Heather Lau
- Division of Neurogenetics, Department of Neurology, New York University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Jeanine R Jarnes
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States.,University of Minnesota Medical Center/Fairview Health Systems, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States
| | - James C Cloyd
- Center for Orphan Drug Research, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States.,Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States.,Department of Neurology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States
| | - Neal J Weinreb
- Department of Human Genetics and Medicine (Hematology), Leonard Miller School of Medicine of University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States
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Somade OT, Ajayi BO, Olunaike OE, Jimoh LA. Hepatic oxidative stress, up-regulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines, apoptotic and oncogenic markers following 2-methoxyethanol administrations in rats. Biochem Biophys Rep 2020; 24:100806. [PMID: 32913901 PMCID: PMC7472863 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2020.100806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
2-methoxyethanol (2-ME) is an organic solvent widely used in the manufacture of brake fluids, paints, resins, varnish, nail polish, acetate cellulose, wood coloring, and as a plasticizer in plastics manufacturing. We therefore, investigated its effect on the liver, in a time-course study in male Wistar rats. Animals were orally administered 50 mg/kg body weight of 2-ME for a period of 7, 14, and 21 days. Following 7 days of administration of 2-ME, there was a significant increase in the level of Bax, c-Myc, K-Ras, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, MDA and GPx activity, while the levels of Bcl-2, NO and GSH were significantly reduced compared with control. At the end of 14 days exposure, Bcl-2, and GSH levels, as well as GST activity, were significantly decreased, while levels of Bax, c-Myc, K-Ras, caspase-3, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, MDA and NO were significantly increased compared with control. After 21 days of 2-ME administration, Bcl-2, IL-10, and GSH levels, as well as SOD and GST activities, were significantly decreased, while levels of Bax, c-Myc, K-Ras, caspase-3, p53, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, MDA and NO were significantly increased compared with control. Lastly, liver histopathology confirmed and corroborated the biochemical findings reported above. We therefore, advised that exposures to 2-ME should be strictly avoided as it could trigger hepatic damage through the disorganization of the antioxidant system, up-regulation of inflammatory, apoptotic, and oncogenic markers in rats.
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Key Words
- 2-methoxyethanol
- Apoptosis
- Bax, Bcl-2 associated X
- Bcl-2, B-cell lymphoma 2
- CAT, catalase
- GPx, glutathione peroxidase
- GSH, reduced glutathione
- GST, glutathione S-transferase
- IL-10, interleukin 10
- IL-1β, interleukin-1 beta
- IL-6, interleukin-6
- Inflammation
- K-Ras, Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene
- Liver
- MDA, malondialdehyde
- NO, nitric oxide
- Oncogenes
- Oxidative stress
- SOD, superoxide dismutase
- TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor alpha
- c-Myc, myelocytomatosis
- p53, tumor suppressor protein
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Affiliation(s)
- Oluwatobi T. Somade
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Biosciences, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria
| | - Babajide O. Ajayi
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Ajayi Crowther University, Oyo, Nigeria
| | - Oyinkansola E. Olunaike
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Biosciences, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria
| | - Latifah A. Jimoh
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Biosciences, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria
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Yoon SJ, Kim SK, Lee NY, Choi YR, Kim HS, Gupta H, Youn GS, Sung H, Shin MJ, Suk KT. Effect of Korean Red Ginseng on metabolic syndrome. J Ginseng Res 2020; 45:380-389. [PMID: 34025131 PMCID: PMC8134847 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgr.2020.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MS) refers to a clustering of at least three of the following medical conditions: high blood pressure, abdominal obesity, hyperglycemia, low high-density lipoprotein level, and high serum triglycerides. MS is related to a wide range of diseases which includes obesity, diabetes, insulin resistance, cardiovascular disease, dyslipidemia, or non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. There remains an ongoing need for improved treatment strategies for MS. The most important risk factors are dietary pattern, genetics, old age, lack of exercise, disrupted biology, medication usage, and excessive alcohol consumption, but pathophysiology of MS has not been completely identified. Korean Red Ginseng (KRG) refers to steamed/dried ginseng, traditionally associated with beneficial effects such as anti-inflammation, anti-fatigue, anti-obesity, anti-oxidant, and anti-cancer effects. KRG has been often used in traditional medicine to treat multiple metabolic conditions. This paper summarizes the effects of KRG in MS and related diseases such as obesity, cardiovascular disease, insulin resistance, diabetes, dyslipidemia, or non-alcoholic fatty liver disease based on experimental research and clinical studies.
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Key Words
- ACC, Acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase
- ADP, adenosine diphosphate
- AG, American ginseng extract
- AGE, advanced glycation end product
- ALT, alanine aminotransferase
- AMPK, AMP-activated protein kinase
- AST, aspartate aminotransferase
- Akt, protein kinase B
- BMI, body mass index
- C/EBPα, CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein alpha
- COX-2, cyclooxygenase-2
- CPT, current perception threshold
- CPT-1, carnitine palmitoyl transferase 1
- CRP, C-reactive protein
- CVD, Cardiovascular disease
- DBP, diastolic blood pressure
- DEN, diethyl nitrosamine
- EAT, epididymis adipose tissue
- EF, ejection fraction
- FABP4, fatty acid binding protein 4
- FAS, Fatty acid synthase
- FFA, free fatty acid
- FR, fine root concentration
- FS, fractional shortening
- GBHT, ginseng-plus-Bai-Hu-Tang
- GLUT, glucose transporter type
- GPx, glutathione peroxidase
- GS, ginsenoside
- GST, glutathione S-transferase
- GST-P, glutathione S-transferase placental form
- GTT, glucose tolerance test
- HCC, hepatocellular carcinoma
- HCEF-RG, hypotensive components-enriched fraction of red ginseng
- HDL, high-density lipoprotein
- HFD, High fat diet
- HOMA-IR, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance index
- HbA1c, glycosylated hemoglobin
- I.P., intraperitoneal injection
- IL, interleukin
- IR, insulin resistance
- ITT, insulin tolerance test
- Insulin resistance
- KRG, Korean Red Ginseng
- LDL, low-density lipoprotein
- LPL, lipoprotein lipase
- Lex, lower extremities
- MDA, malondialdehyde
- MMP, Matrix metallopeptidases
- MS, Metabolic syndrome
- Metabolic syndrome
- NAFLD, Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
- NF-кB, nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells
- NK cell, Natural killer cell
- NMDA-NR1, N-methyl-D-aspartate NR1
- NO, nitric oxide
- NRF1, Nuclear respiratory factor 1
- Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
- Nrf2, Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2
- OLETF rat, Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima fatty rat
- PCG-1α, PPAR-γ coactivator-1α
- PI3K, phosphoinositide 3-kinase
- PPAR, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors
- PPD, protopanaxadiol
- PPT, protopanaxatriol
- Panax ginseng
- REKRG, Rg3-enriched KRG
- ROS, Reactive oxygen species
- Rg3-KGE, Rg3-enriched KRG extract
- SBP, systolic blood pressure
- SCD, Stearoyl-Coenzyme A desaturase
- SHR, spontaneously hypertensive rat
- SREBP-1C, Sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1
- STAT5, Signal transducer and activator of transcription 5
- STZ, streptozotocin
- TBARS, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances
- TC, total cholesterol
- TG, triglyceride
- TNF, tumor necrosis factor
- UCP, Mitochondrial uncoupling proteins
- VLDL, very low-density lipoprotein
- iNOS, inducible nitric oxide synthase
- t-BHP, tert-butyl hyperoxide
- tGST, total glutathione
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Jun Yoon
- Institute for Liver and Digestive Diseases, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Seul Ki Kim
- Institute for Liver and Digestive Diseases, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Na Young Lee
- Institute for Liver and Digestive Diseases, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Ye Rin Choi
- Institute for Liver and Digestive Diseases, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeong Seob Kim
- Institute for Liver and Digestive Diseases, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Haripriya Gupta
- Institute for Liver and Digestive Diseases, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Gi Soo Youn
- Institute for Liver and Digestive Diseases, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hotaik Sung
- School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Jea Shin
- Institute for Liver and Digestive Diseases, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Tae Suk
- Institute for Liver and Digestive Diseases, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
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Hussain S, Ashafaq M, Alshahrani S, Siddiqui R, Ahmed RA, Khuwaja G, Islam F. Cinnamon oil against acetaminophen-induced acute liver toxicity by attenuating inflammation, oxidative stress and apoptosis. Toxicol Rep 2020; 7:1296-1304. [PMID: 33024703 PMCID: PMC7528057 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2020.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Acetaminophen (APAP) is used as a primary drug due to its antipyretic and analgesic activity. The mechanism of action of APAP toxicity in the liver is due to the depletion of glutathione which elicited free radicals generation. Therefore, the objective of our work is to investigate the APAP induced liver damage and its repair by free radical scavenging activity of cinnamon oil (CO) in male Wistar rats. To investigate the effects of CO at different doses (50, 100 and 200 mg/kg b.w.), animals were given a single oral dose of CO per day for 14 days between 12:00−1:00 PM. The biochemical changes, imbalance in oxidative markers, interleukins, caspases and histopathological studies were determined for quantifying the hepatoprotective effect of CO. One dose of APAP (2 g/kg b.w.) results in significant hepatotoxicity and marked increase the serum markers alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), bilirubin, albumin, total protein, content of lipid peroxidation (LPO), interleukins (IL-1β, IL-6), caspase-3, -9 expression, DNA fragmentation and histopathological changes were observed. Significant decrease in the levels of LPO, interleukins IL-1β, IL-6, caspase-3, -9 expressions, qualitative as well as quantitative determination of DNA fragments and histopathological changes were reversed by the administration of CO dose dependently. Furthermore, it also restores the depleted activity of antioxidative enzymes. Our study shows that an imbalance in the oxidative parameter in the liver by APAP is restored by treating the animals with CO.
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Key Words
- ALP, alkaline phosphatase
- ALT, alanine aminotransferase
- ANOVA, analysis of variance
- APAP, N-acetyl-p-aminophenol
- AST, aspartate aminotransferase
- Acetaminophen
- BHA, butylated hydroxyanisole
- CO, cinnamon oil
- Cinnamon oil
- DNA fragmentation
- GPx, glutathione peroxidase
- GR, glutathione reductase
- GSH, glutathione
- Hepatotoxicity
- LPO, lipid peroxidation
- MDA, malondialdehyde
- MEC, molar extinction coefficient
- NAPQI, N-acetyl parabenzoquinoneimine
- Oxidative stress
- PMS, post mitochondrial supernatants
- SOD, superoxide dismutase
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Affiliation(s)
- Sohail Hussain
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Ashafaq
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saeed Alshahrani
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rahimullah Siddiqui
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rayan A Ahmed
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Gulrana Khuwaja
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fakhrul Islam
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Saudi Arabia
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Somade OT, Ajayi BO, Adeyi OE, Adeshina AA, James AS, Ayodele PF. Ethylene glycol monomethyl ether-induced testicular oxidative stress and time-dependent up-regulation of apoptotic, pro-inflammatory, and oncogenic markers in rats. Metabol Open 2020; 7:100051. [PMID: 32924002 PMCID: PMC7451700 DOI: 10.1016/j.metop.2020.100051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 08/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Ethylene glycol monomethyl ether (EGME) is a major component of paints, lacquers, inks, and automobile brake fluids. As a result, exposures to humans are inevitable. We therefore, investigated in this study, its effect on testicular cells in a time-course manner in male Wistar rats. Animals were orally administered 50 mg/kg body weight of EGME for duration of 7, 14, and 21 days. Following 7 days of the administration, levels of NO and GSH were significantly reduced, while levels of c-Myc, K-Ras, caspase-3, IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-1β were significantly increased compared with control. At the end of 14 days exposure, GPx, and SOD activities, as well as IL-10 level were significantly decreased, while levels of c-Myc, K-Ras, p53, Bax, caspase-3, IL-6, TNF-α, IL-1β, and GST activity were significantly elevated compared with control. After 21 days of EGME administration, Bcl-2, IL-10, and NO levels were significantly decreased, while levels of c-Myc, K-Ras, p53, Bax, caspase-3, IL-6, TNF-α, IL-1β, MDA and GST activity were significantly increased compared with control. After 7, 14, and 21 days of EGME administrations, testis histopathology showed severe loss of seminiferous tubules, the seminiferous epithelium revealed very few spermatocytes, spermatids, spermatogonia, spermatozoa, and Sertoli cells, while the interstitial tissue is eroded, with scanty abnormal Leydig cells, compared with the control that appeared normal. We therefore, concluded that EGME-induced testicular toxicity as a result of EGME administration could be via the disorganization of the endogenous antioxidant systems as well as up-regulation of pro-inflammatory, apoptotic and oncogenic mediators in rats.
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Key Words
- Apoptosis
- Bax, Bcl-2 associated X
- Bcl-2, B-cell lymphoma 2
- CAT, catalase
- Ethylene glycol monomethyl ether
- GPx, glutathione peroxidase
- GSH, reduced glutathione
- GST, glutathione S-transferase
- Histopathology
- IL-1β, interleukin-1 beta
- IL-6, interleukin-6
- Inflammation
- K-Ras, Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene
- MDA, malondialdehyde
- NO, nitric oxide
- Oncogenes
- Oxidative stress
- SOD, superoxide dismutase
- TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor alpha
- Testis
- c-Myc, myelocytomatosis
- p53, tumor suppressor protein
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Affiliation(s)
- Oluwatobi T Somade
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Biosciences, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria
| | - Babajide O Ajayi
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Ajayi Crowther University, Oyo, Nigeria
| | - Olubisi E Adeyi
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Biosciences, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria
| | | | - Adewale S James
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Biosciences, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria
| | - Peter F Ayodele
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Biosciences, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria
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Azouz AA, Saleh E, Abo-Saif AA. Aliskiren, tadalafil, and cinnamaldehyde alleviate joint destruction biomarkers; MMP-3 and RANKL; in complete Freund's adjuvant arthritis model: Downregulation of IL-6/JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway. Saudi Pharm J 2020; 28:1101-1111. [PMID: 32922141 PMCID: PMC7474170 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2020.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune inflammatory disease, which is accompanied by progressive joint damage and disability. The intolerability of conventional antirheumatic drugs by some patients necessitates the search for effective antirheumatic agents having better tolerability. In the current work, we aimed to investigate the efficacy of cinnamaldehyde, tadalafil, and aliskiren as potential antirheumatic candidates and to explore their modulatory effects on joint destruction, inflammatory response, and intracellular signaling. Arthritis was induced in female Wistar rats by complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) 0.4 ml s.c. on days 1, 4, and 7. Treated groups received their respective drugs, starting from day 13, daily for 3 weeks. Methotrexate and prednisolone were the standard antirheumatic drugs, while cinnamaldehyde, tadalafil, and aliskiren were the test agents. Treatment with cinnamaldehyde, tadalafil, or aliskiren reduced serum levels of rheumatoid factor, and pro-inflammatory cytokines; tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-6 (IL-6), along with elevated level of IL-10 which is an anti-inflammatory cytokine. Besides, cartilage and bone destruction biomarkers; matrix metalloproteinase-3 (MMP-3) and receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa B ligand (RANKL); were significantly reduced after treatment with the test agents, which was further confirmed by histopathological investigation. The elevated protein expressions of phosphorylated-Janus kinase 2 (p-JAK2), phosphorylated-signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (p-STAT3), and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in articular tissue were markedly attenuated after treatment with cinnamaldehyde, tadalafil, or aliskiren, while that of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) was greatly enhanced. In addition, oxidative stress and inflammatory markers such as malondialdehyde, nitric oxide, and myeloperoxidase were reduced in joint tissue after treatment with the test agents, while glutathione content was elevated. Furthermore, the renin inhibitor aliskiren produced effects close to those of the normal and methotrexate, the gold standard antirheumatic drug, in most of the measured parameters. Collectively, these findings led to the assumption that the downregulation of IL-6/JAK2/STAT3 signaling by cinnamaldehyde, tadalafil, and aliskiren could alleviate joint destruction by MMP-3 and RANKL, reduce iNOS, and enhance eNOS expressions. Moreover, aliskiren could be a promising therapeutic agent for RA, because of its ability to normalize most of the measured parameters after CFA-induced arthritis.
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Key Words
- Aliskiren
- CFA, complete Freund's adjuvant
- CFA-induced arthritis
- DMARD, disease-modifying antirheumatic drug
- GSH, reduced glutathione
- H&E, hematoxylin and eosin
- IL-10, interleukin-10
- IL-6, interleukin-6
- IL-6/JAK2/STAT3 signaling
- JAK2, Janus kinase 2
- MDA, malondialdehyde
- MMP-3
- MMP-3, matrix metalloproteinase-3
- MPO, myeloperoxidase
- NO, nitric oxide
- PDE, phosphodiesterase
- RA, rheumatoid arthritis
- RANKL
- RANKL, receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa B ligand
- RAS, renin angiotensin system
- STAT3, signal transducer and activator of transcription 3
- TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor-alpha
- eNOS, endothelial nitric oxide synthase
- iNOS, inducible nitric oxide synthase
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Affiliation(s)
- Amany A Azouz
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62514, Egypt
| | - Esraa Saleh
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62514, Egypt.,Operations Pharmacy, General Fayoum Hospital, Fayoum, Egypt
| | - Ali A Abo-Saif
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Nahda University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
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Kerasioti E, Veskoukis AS, Skaperda Z, Zacharias A, Poulas K, Lazopoulos G, Kouretas D. The flavoring and not the nicotine content is a decisive factor for the effects of refill liquids of electronic cigarette on the redox status of endothelial cells. Toxicol Rep 2020; 7:1095-102. [PMID: 32953462 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2020.08.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The pattern of the effect on Ea.hy926 redox status differs among flavored e-liquids. Tobacco flavored e-liquids increase ROS generation with concomitant increase in TBARS. Vanilla flavored e-liquids profile depends on the nicotine content. Apple/mint flavored e-liquids activate the cellular antioxidant defense. Flavorings and not the nicotine content play a key role in free radical generation.
Electronic cigarettes are constantly gaining ground as they are considered less harmful than conventional cigarettes, and there is also the perception that they may serve as a potential smoking cessation tool. Although the acute effects of electronic cigarette use have been extensively studied, the long-term potential adverse effects on human health remain largely unknown. It has been well-established that oxidative stress is involved in the development of various pathological conditions. So far, most studies on e-cigarettes concern the effects on the respiratory system while fewer have focused on the vascular system. In the present study, we attempted to reveal the effects of electronic cigarette refill liquids on the redox state of human endothelial cells (EA.hy926 cell line). For this purpose, the cytotoxic effect of three e-liquids with different flavors (tobacco, vanilla, apple/mint) and nicotine concentrations (0, 6, 12, 18 mg/ml) were initially examined for their impact on cell viability of EA.hy926 cells. Then, five redox biomarkers [reduced form of glutathione (GSH), reactive oxygen species (ROS), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and protein carbonyls (CARBS)] were measured. The results showed a disturbance in the redox balance in favor of free radicals in tobacco flavored e-liquids while vanilla flavored e-liquids exhibited a more complex profile depending on the nicotine content. The most interesting finding of the present study concerns the apple/mint flavored e-liquids that seemed to activate the cellular antioxidant defense and, thus, to protect the cells from the adverse effects of free radicals. Conclusively, it appears that the flavorings and not the nicotine content play a key role in the oxidative stress-induced toxicity of the e-liquids.
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Key Words
- 8-OH-dG, 8-hydroxy-deoxyguanosine
- CARBS, protein carbonyls
- CO, carbon monoxide
- DCF-DA, 2′,7′-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate
- DMEM, Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium
- DNPH, 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine
- DPPH, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl
- DPPHH, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazine
- E-cigarettes
- E-liquids
- ENDS, electronic nicotine delivery systems
- EPR, electronic paramagnetic resonance
- Endothelial cells
- FSC, forward light scattering
- GSH
- GSH, reduced form of glutathione
- HCL, hydrochloric acid
- HCN, hydrogen cyanide
- MDA, malondialdehyde
- Oxidative stress
- PBS, phosphate buffered saline
- PG, propylene glycol
- ROS
- ROS, reactive oxygen species
- SSC, side light scattering
- TAC, total antioxidant capacity
- TBA, thiobarbituric acid
- TBARS, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances
- TCA, trichloroacetic acid
- Tris-HCl, trishydroxymethylaminomethane hydrochloride
- VG, vegetable glycerin
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Akinsanya B, Ayanda IO, Fadipe AO, Onwuka B, Saliu JK. Heavy metals, parasitologic and oxidative stress biomarker investigations in Heterotis niloticus from Lekki Lagoon, Lagos, Nigeria. Toxicol Rep 2020; 7:1075-1082. [PMID: 32923373 PMCID: PMC7476227 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2020.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Revised: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Occurrence of parasites in fish could bio accumulate heavy metals by as much as 200 % more than values present in fish tissues. Parasitic infection in fish is positively skewed towards male fish. Parasitism in fish alters histological structures of vital fish organs. Combined effects of parasitism and heavy metal pollution in fish elicits antioxidant response in fish.
Heavy metal toxicity in aquatic life as a result of human activities poses a grave health threat to water quality, aquatic and human life. Parasites may serve as indicators of heavy metal pollution. This research investigated the health status of the fish Heterotis niloticus viz-a-viz quality of the water and sediments in Lekki lagoon, parasitic infection, presence of heavy metals and oxidative stress response in the liver and intestine of the fish. Parasites recovered were also analyzed for the extent of bioaccumulation of heavy metals. The metals in water, sediments, parasites, and fish were analyzed using Atomic Absorption Spectrometry. Heavy metal concentrations in the surface water were generally below regulatory limits of World Health Organization. Sediment had high levels of aluminium (124.78 mg/kg) and iron (327.41 mg/kg); other heavy metals were below regulatory limits. Tenuisentis niloticus, an acanthocephalan, was the only parasite recovered. Seventy (70) out of 100 fish sampled were infected with the parasite. T. niloticus bioaccumulated Cd, Ni, and Pb between 65 to 100 times more than the liver and 12 to 200 times more than the intestine. Other metals bioaccumulated from the host tissues by the parasite had the magnitude between 1 to 12 times as the liver and 1 to 30 times as the intestine. There were significant differences in the activities of antioxidant enzymes between the parasitized and non-parasitized fishes. Fish tissues also showed histological alterations, ranging from mild infiltration of inflammatory cells to moderate inflammation and haemorrhagic lesions. Human activities that introduce stressors into the lagoon should be controlled.
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Key Words
- APHA, American public health association
- Aquatic
- CAT, catalase
- COD, chemical oxygen demand
- FAO, food and agricultural organization
- GSH, reduced glutathione
- H&E, haematoxyline and eosin
- Heterotis niloticus
- Histopathology
- MDA, malondialdehyde
- Oxidative stress
- ROS, reactive oxygen species
- SOD, superoxide dismutase
- TBA, thiobarbituric acid
- TBARS, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances
- TCA, trichloroacetic acid
- Tenuisentis niloticus
- WHO, world health organization
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Isaac O Ayanda
- Department of Biological Sciences, Covenant University, Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria
| | - Adeola O Fadipe
- Department of Zoology, University of Lagos, Lagos State, Nigeria
| | - Benson Onwuka
- Department of Zoology, University of Lagos, Lagos State, Nigeria
| | - Joseph K Saliu
- Department of Zoology, University of Lagos, Lagos State, Nigeria
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Singh H, Kumar D, Soni V. Copper and mercury induced oxidative stresses and antioxidant responses of Spirodela polyrhiza (L.) Schleid. Biochem Biophys Rep 2020; 23:100781. [PMID: 32715102 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2020.100781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Duckweed is recognized as a phytoremediation aquatic plant due to the production of large biomass and a high level of tolerance in stressed conditions. A laboratory experiment was conducted to investigate antioxidant response and mechanism of copper and mercury tolerance of S. polyrhiza (L.) Schleid. To understand the changes in chlorophyll content, MDA, proline, and activities of ROS-scavenging enzymes (SOD, CAT, GPOD) during the accumulation of Cu+2 and Hg+2, S. polyrhiza were exposed to various concentrations of Cu+2 (0.0–40 μM) and Hg+2 (0.0–0.4 μM). antioxidant activity initially indicated enhancing trend with application of 10 μM Cu+2; 0.2 μM Hg+2 (SOD), of 20 μM Cu+2; 0.2 μM Hg+2 (CAT) and of 10 μM Cu+2;0.2 μM Hg+2 (GPOD) and then decreased consistently up to 40 μM Cu+2 and 0.4 μM Hg+2. In the experiment chlorophyll and frond multiplication initially showed increasing tendency and decreased gradually with the application of increased metal concentration. Application of heavy metal has constantly enhanced proline and MDA content while the maximum increase was observed with the application of 40 μM Cu; 0.4 μM Hg for proline and MDA respectively. The upregulation of antioxidant enzymes and proline reveals that S. polyrhiza has strong biochemical strategies to deal with the heavy metal toxicity induced by the accumulation of Cu+2 and Hg+2. Biochemical responses of copper and mercury in Spirodela polyrhizawere investigated. The threshold tolerance level for Cu and Hg was found < 20 μM and < 0.2 μM respectively. The results reveal that S. polyrhiza is biochemically well adapted to cope with HM toxicity induced by Cu and Hg.
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Key Words
- CAT, catalase
- Chl, chlorophyll
- Chlorophylls
- Duckweed
- GPOD, Guaiacol peroxidase
- HMs, heavy metal
- Heavy metals
- MDA, malondialdehyde
- Malondialdehyde
- NBT, nitro-blue tetrazolium
- PUFA, polyunsaturated fatty acids
- Proline
- RFN, relative frond number
- ROS, reactive oxygen species
- Reactive oxygen species
- SOD, superoxide peroxide
- TBA, thiobarbituric acid
- TCA, trichloroacetic acid
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Afsar T, Razak S, Almajwal A, Al-Disi D. Doxorubicin-induced alterations in kidney functioning, oxidative stress, DNA damage, and renal tissue morphology; Improvement by Acacia hydaspica tannin-rich ethyl acetate fraction. Saudi J Biol Sci 2020; 27:2251-60. [PMID: 32884406 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2020.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Revised: 07/05/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Doxorubicin (DOX) is an anthracycline drug used for cancer treatment. However, its treatment is contiguous with toxic effects. We examined the nephroprotective potential of A. hydaspica polyphenol-rich ethyl acetate extract (AHE) against DOX persuaded nephrotoxicity. 36 male Sprague Dawley rats were randomly assorted into 6 groups. Control group received saline; DOX group: 3 mg/kg b.w. dosage of DOX intraperitoneally for 6 weeks (single dose/week). In co-treatment groups, 200 and 400 mg/kg b.w AHE was given orally for 6 weeks in concomitant with DOX (3 mg/kg b.w, i.p. injection per week) respectively. Standard group received silymarin 400 mg/kg b.w daily + DOX (single dose/week). Biochemical kidney function tests, oxidative stress markers, genotoxicity, antioxidant enzyme status, and histopathological changes were examined. DOX caused significant body weight loss and decrease kidney weight. DOX-induced marked deterioration in renal function indicators in both urine and serum, i.e., PH, specific gravity, total protein, albumin, urea, creatinine, uric acid, globulin, blood urea nitrogen, etc. Also, DOX treatment increases renal tissue oxidative stress markers, while lower antioxidant enzymes in tissue along with degenerative alterations in the renal tissue compared to control rats. AHE co-treatment ameliorates DOX-prompted changes in serum and urine chemistry. Likewise, AHE treatment decreases sensitive markers of oxidative stress and prevented DNA damages by enhancing antioxidant enzyme levels. DOX induction in rats also caused DNA fragmentation which was restored by AHE co-treatment. Moreover, the histological observations evidenced that AHE effectively rescued the kidney tissue from DOX interceded oxidative damage. Our results suggest that co-treatment of AHE markedly improve DOX-induced deleterious effects in a dose-dependent manner. The potency of AHE co-treatment at 400 mg/kg dose is similar to silymarin. These outcomes revealed that A. hydaspica AHE extract might serve as a potential adjuvant that avoids DOX-induced nephrotoxicity.
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Key Words
- AHE, Acacia hydaspica ethyl acetate extract
- CAT, catalase
- DOX, doxorubicin
- Doxorubicin
- GPx, glutathione peroxidase
- GR, glutathione reductase
- GST, glutathione S transferase
- Genotoxicity
- H2O2, hydrogen peroxide
- Histopathology
- Kidney function
- MDA, malondialdehyde
- NO, nitric oxide
- Nephrotoxicity
- Oxidative stress markers
- POD, peroxidase
- QR, quinone reductase
- RBCs, red blood cells
- SOD, superoxide dismutase
- WBCs, white blood cells
- γ-GT, Gamma Glutamyl Transferase
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Somade OT, Ajayi BO, Olushola MO, Omoseebi EO. Methyl cellosolve-induced renal oxidative stress and time-dependent up-regulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines, apoptotic, and oncogenic markers in rats. Toxicol Rep 2020; 7:779-787. [PMID: 32642444 PMCID: PMC7332505 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2020.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Revised: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
MC significantly increased and decrease the kidney levels of MDA and NO respectively after 14 and 21 days. MC administration resulted in the disorganization of the renal redox system. MC significantly increased the kidney levels of TNF-α and IL-6 after 7, 14 and 21 days, and IL-1β after 14 and 21 days. MC significantly increased kidney p53, Bax, and caspase-3 after 14 and 21 days, and decreased Bcl-2 after 14 and 21 days. MC significantly increased the kidney levels of c-Myc and K-Ras after 7, 14 and 21 days.
Methyl cellosolve (MC) is used in production of textile, paints, stains, inks, surface coatings, and anti-icing additive in hydraulic fluids and jet fuel. Consequently, the present study investigated its effect on renal cells, in a time-course study in male Wistar rats. Animals were orally administered 50 mg/kg body weight of MC for a period of 7, 14, and 21 days. Following 7 days of administration of MC, there was a significant increase in the levels of K-Ras, c-Myc, TNF-α, IL-6 and NO, while GSH level and SOD activity were significantly reduced compared with control. At the end of 14 days exposure, RKW, GSH, NO, and Bcl-2 levels were significantly decreased, while levels of K-Ras, c-Myc, p53, Bax, caspase-3, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, MDA and GPx activity were significantly increased compared with control. After 21 days of MC administration, RKW, GSH, NO, IL-10 and Bcl-2 levels were significantly decreased, while levels of K-Ras, c-Myc, p53, Bax, caspase-3, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, MDA and GST activity were significantly increased compared with control. Exposures to MC in any way should be strictly avoided as it could trigger renal damage through the disorganization of the antioxidant system, up-regulation of inflammatory, apoptotic, and oncogenic markers in rats.
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Key Words
- Apoptosis
- Bax, Bcl-2 associated X
- Bcl-2, B-cell lymphoma 2
- CAT, catalase
- GPx, glutathione peroxidase
- GSH, reduced glutathione
- GST, glutathione S-transferase
- Histopathology
- IL-1β, interleukin-1 beta
- IL-6, interleukin-6
- Inflammation
- K-Ras, Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene
- Kidney
- MDA, malondialdehyde
- Methyl cellosolve
- NO, nitric oxide
- Oncogenes
- Oxidative stress
- RKW, relative kidney weight
- SOD, superoxide dismutase
- TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor alpha
- c-Myc, myelocytomatosis
- p53, tumor suppressor protein
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Affiliation(s)
- Oluwatobi T Somade
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Biosciences, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria
| | - Babajide O Ajayi
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Ajayi Crowther University, Oyo, Nigeria
| | - Mariana O Olushola
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Biosciences, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria
| | - Esther O Omoseebi
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Biosciences, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria
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Zhang D, Lv A, Yang T, Cheng X, Zhao E, Zhou P. Protective functions of alternative splicing transcripts ( CdDHN4- L and CdDHN4- S) of CdDHN4 from bermudagrass under multiple abiotic stresses. Gene 2020; 763S:100033. [PMID: 32550559 PMCID: PMC7285969 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2020.100033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Revised: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Dehydrins (DHNs) play critical roles in plant adaptation to abiotic stresses. The objective of this study was to characterize DHNs in bermudagrass (Cynodon spp.). CdDHN4 gene was cloned from bermudagrass ‘Tifway’. Two CdDHN4 transcripts were detected due to alternative splicing (the nonspliced CdDHN4-L and the spliced CdDHN4-S) and both the CdDHN4-S and CdDHN4-L proteins are YSK2-type DHNs, the Φ-segment is present in CdDHN4-L and absent in CdDHN4-S. Transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana expressing CdDHN4-L or CdDHN4-S exhibited improved tolerance to salt, osmotic, low temperature and drought stress compared to the wild type (WT). The two transgenic lines did not differ in salt or drought tolerance, while plants expressing CdDHN4-S grew better under osmotic stress than those expressing CdDHN4-L. Both transgenic lines exhibited reduced content of malondialdehyde (MDA) and reactive oxygen species (ROS); and higher antioxidant enzymatic activities than the wild type plants under salt or drought stress. CdDHN4-S exhibited a higher ROS-scavenging capacity than CdDHN4-L. Two CdDHN4 transcripts (CdDHN4-L and CdDHN4-S) were detected due to alternative splicing in bermudagrass ‘Tifway’. CdDHN4s transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana exhibited higher tolerance to multiple abiotic stress compared to the wild type. CdDHN4s transgenic lines has lower content of ROS than the wild type under salt or drought stress. CdDHN4-S had a higher ROS-scavenging capacity than CdDHN4-L.
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Key Words
- Abiotic stress
- Alternative splicing
- AsA, ascorbic acid
- Bermudagrass
- CAT, catalase
- DEGs, differentially expressed genes
- DHN, Dehydrin
- DR, disordered region
- Dehydrin
- ETR, electron transport rate
- GSH, glutathione
- IDP, intrinsically disordered protein
- LEA proteins, late-embryogenesis abundant proteins
- MDA, malondialdehyde
- ORF, open reading frame
- PAM, pulse-amplitude modulation
- POD, peroxidase
- ROS
- ROS, reactive oxygen species
- SOD, superoxide dismutase
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Zhang
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.,School of Design, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Aimin Lv
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Tianchen Yang
- School of Design, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Xiaoqing Cheng
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Enhua Zhao
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Peng Zhou
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
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Al-Saleh F, Khashab F, Fadel F, Al-Kandari N, Al-Maghrebi M. Inhibition of NADPH oxidase alleviates germ cell apoptosis and ER stress during testicular ischemia reperfusion injury. Saudi J Biol Sci 2020; 27:2174-2184. [PMID: 32714044 PMCID: PMC7376125 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2020.04.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2020] [Revised: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Testicular torsion and detorsion (TTD) is a serious urological condition affecting young males that is underlined by an ischemia reperfusion injury (tIRI) to the testis as the pathophysiological mechanism. During tIRI, uncontrolled production of oxygen reactive species (ROS) causes DNA damage leading to germ cell apoptosis (GCA). The aim of the study is to explore whether inhibition of NADPH oxidase (NOX), a major source of intracellular ROS, will prevent tIRI-induced GCA and its association with endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. Sprague-Dawley rats (n = 36) were divided into three groups: sham, tIRI only and tIRI treated with apocynin (a NOX inhibitor). Rats undergoing tIRI endured an ischemic injury for 1 h followed by 4 h of reperfusion. Spermatogenic damage was evaluated histologically, while cellular damages were assessed using real time PCR, immunofluorescence staining, Western blot and biochemical assays. Disrupted spermatogenesis was associated with increased lipid and protein peroxidation and decreased antioxidant activity of the enzyme superoxide dismutase (SOD) as a result of tIRI. In addition, increased DNA double strand breaks and formation of 8-OHdG adducts associated with increased phosphorylation of the DNA damage response (DDR) protein H2AX. The ASK1/JNK apoptosis signaling pathway was also activated in response to tIRI. Finally, increased immuno-expression of the unfolded protein response (UPR) downstream targets: GRP78, eIF2-α1, CHOP and caspase 12 supported the presence of ER stress. Inhibition of NOX by apocynin protected against tIRI-induced GCA and ER stress. In conclusion, NOX inhibition minimized tIRI-induced intracellular oxidative damages leading to GCA and ER stress.
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Key Words
- 8-OHdG, 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine
- ANOVA, analysis of variance
- ASK1, apoptosis signaling kinase 1
- ATF, activating transcription factor
- ATM, ataxia telangiectasia mutated
- BSA, bovine serum albumin
- BTB, blood-testis barrier
- CHOP, CCAAT-enhancer-binding protein homologous protein
- Chk, checkpoint kinase
- DAPI, diamidino phenylindole
- DDR, DNA damage response
- DMSO, dimethyl sulfoxide
- DNA, deoxyribonucleic acid
- ECL, electrochemiluminescence
- ELISA, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
- ER stress
- ER, endoplasmic reticulum
- GCA, germ cell apoptosis
- GRP78, glucose-related protein 78
- Germ cell apoptosis
- H&E, hematoxylin and eosin
- H2AX, histone variant
- H2O2, hydrogen peroxide
- IAP, inhibitors of apoptosis
- IF, immunofluorescence
- IRE1, inositol requiring kinase 1
- JNK, c-Jun N-terminal Kinase
- MDA, malondialdehyde
- NADP, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate
- NADPH oxidase
- NOX, NADPH oxidase
- O2, molecular oxygen
- O2−, superoxide anion
- OS, oxidative stress
- Oxidative stress
- PARP, poly ADP-ribose polymerase
- PCC, protein carbonyl content
- PCR, polymerase chain reaction
- PERK, pancreatic ER kinase
- PVDF, polyvinylidene difluoride
- RIPA, radioimmunoprecipitation assay
- RNA, ribonucleic acid
- ROS, reactive oxygen species
- RT, reverse transcription
- SD, standard deviation
- SDS-PAGE, sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis
- SOD, superoxide dismutase
- ST, seminiferous tubule
- TOS, testicular oxidative stress
- TRAF-2, tumor-necrosis-factor receptor-associated factor 2
- TUNEL, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling
- Testicular ischemia Reperfusion Injury
- UPR, unfolded protein response
- cDNA, complementary DNA
- eIF2α1, eukaryotic initiation factor 2α1
- gDNA, genomic DNA
- i.p., intraperitoneal
- kDa, kilodalton
- mRNA, messenger ribonucleic acid
- p-, phosphorylated
- phox, phagocyte oxidase
- γ-H2AX, 139 serine-phosphorylated histone variant
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Affiliation(s)
- Farah Al-Saleh
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, Jabriyah, Kuwait
| | - Farah Khashab
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, Jabriyah, Kuwait
| | - Fatemah Fadel
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, Jabriyah, Kuwait
| | - Nora Al-Kandari
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, Jabriyah, Kuwait
| | - May Al-Maghrebi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, Jabriyah, Kuwait
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Brüggenwirth IMA, van Leeuwen OB, de Vries Y, Bodewes SB, Adelmeijer J, Wiersema-Buist J, Lisman T, Martins PN, de Meijer VE, Porte RJ. Extended hypothermic oxygenated machine perfusion enables ex situ preservation of porcine livers for up to 24 hours. JHEP Rep 2020; 2:100092. [PMID: 32195456 PMCID: PMC7078381 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhepr.2020.100092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background & Aims End-ischemic hypothermic oxygenated machine perfusion (HOPE) of the donor liver for 1-2 h mitigates ischemia-reperfusion injury during subsequent liver transplantation. Extended preservation time may be preferred to facilitate difficult recipient hepatectomy or to optimize logistics. We therefore investigated whether end-ischemic dual HOPE (DHOPE) could extend preservation time for up to 24 h using a porcine liver reperfusion model. Methods Following 30 min warm ischemia, porcine livers were subjected to 2 h static cold storage (SCS), followed by 2 h, 6 h, or 24 h DHOPE (n = 6 per group). Subsequent normothermic reperfusion was performed for 4 h using autologous blood. Two livers preserved by 24 h SCS served as additional controls. A proof of principle confirmation was carried out in 2 discarded human livers subjected to extended DHOPE. Hepatocellular and cholangiocyte injury and function were assessed. Oxidative stress levels and histology were compared between groups. Results Perfusion flows remained stable during DHOPE, regardless of duration. After normothermic reperfusion, livers perfused for 24 h by DHOPE had similar lactate clearance, blood pH, glucose, and alanine aminotransferase levels, and biliary pH, bicarbonate, and LDH levels, as livers perfused for 2 h and 6 h. Levels of malondialdehyde and high-mobility group box 1 in serum and liver parenchyma were similar for all groups. Histological analysis of bile ducts and liver parenchyma revealed no differences between the groups. Extended DHOPE in discarded human livers preserved hepatocellular and cholangiocyte function and histology after reperfusion. In contrast, livers preserved by 24 h SCS were non-functioning. Conclusion Extended end-ischemic DHOPE enabled successful preservation of porcine and discarded human donor livers for up to 24 h. Extended DHOPE enables safe extension of preservation time, which may facilitate allocation and transplantation from a logistical perspective, and further expand the donor pool. Lay summary It has been suggested that preserving liver grafts with a technique called (dual) hypothermic oxygenated machine perfusion ([D]HOPE) leads to better outcomes after transplantation than if livers are stored on ice, especially if an organ is of lesser quality. In this study, we showed that DHOPE could be used to preserve liver grafts for up to 24 h. This extended procedure could be used globally to facilitate transplantation and expand the donor pool.
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Key Words
- 8-OHdG, 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine
- ALT, alanine aminotransferase
- DCD, donation after circulatory death
- DHOPE, dual hypothermic oxygenated machine perfusion
- ECD, extended criteria donor
- HMGB-1, high-mobility group box 1
- HMP, hypothermic machine perfusion
- HOPE, hypothermic oxygenated machine perfusion
- HPF, high-powered field
- IL-6, interleukin 6
- LDH, lactate dehydrogenase
- MDA, malondialdehyde
- NMP, normothermic machine perfusion
- SCS, static cold storage
- SEM, standard error of the mean
- TNFα, tumor necrosis factor-alpha
- UW, University of Wisconsin
- VWF, von Willebrand factor
- cfDNA, cell-free DNA
- donation after circulatory death
- extended preservation
- hypothermic machine perfusion
- liver preservation
- sTM, soluble thrombomodulin
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel M A Brüggenwirth
- Department of Surgery, Section of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Liver Transplantation, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Otto B van Leeuwen
- Department of Surgery, Section of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Liver Transplantation, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Yvonne de Vries
- Department of Surgery, Section of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Liver Transplantation, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Silke B Bodewes
- Department of Surgery, Section of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Liver Transplantation, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jelle Adelmeijer
- Surgical Research Laboratory, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Janneke Wiersema-Buist
- Surgical Research Laboratory, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ton Lisman
- Surgical Research Laboratory, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Paulo N Martins
- Division of Organ Transplantation, Department of Surgery, UMass Memorial Medical Center, University of Massachusetts, Worcester, MA, United States
| | - Vincent E de Meijer
- Department of Surgery, Section of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Liver Transplantation, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Robert J Porte
- Department of Surgery, Section of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Liver Transplantation, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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Ogunwole E, Kunle-Alabi OT, Akindele OO, Raji Y. Saccharum officinarum molasses adversely alters reproductive functions in male wistar rats. Toxicol Rep 2020; 7:345-352. [PMID: 32095431 PMCID: PMC7033437 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2020.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Revised: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The widely reported anti-androgenic effects of refined sugar led to the exploration of safer alternatives. Saccharum officinarum molasses (SOM), a byproduct of sugar processing is gaining popularity as a substitute. This study investigated the effects of SOM and compared them to those of refined sugar on male reproductive functions. Blackstrap® Saccharum officinarum molasses were subjected to phytochemical screening and proximate analysis and fractionated to obtain methanol (SOMMF) and aqueous (SOMAqF) fractions. Twelve groups (n = 5) of adult male Wistar rats received distilled water (Control); 0.8, 2.5, 7.9 g/kg SOM; 0.0064 g/kg sugar (Dangote®); 0.0064 g/kg sugar+7.9 g/kg SOM; 1.0, 3.2, 10.0 g/kg SOMMF and 0.6, 2.0, 6.4 g/kg SOMAqF, respectively. Administrations were done daily by oral gavage for eight weeks. Sperm profile and testicular and epididymal histology were assessed using microscopy. Serum testosterone was quantified using ELISA. Testicular malondialdehyde (MDA) was assayed by spectrophotometry. Data were analyzed using ANOVA at p < 0.05 significance. Sperm count and viability reduced with 7.9 g/kg SOM, Sugar, 3.2 and 10.0 g/kg SOMMF, 2.0 and 6.4 g/kg SOMAqF. Abnormal sperms increased with 7.9 g/kg SOM, Sugar, 2.0 and 6.4 g/kg SOMAqF. Testosterone level reduced with 6.4 g/kg SOMAqF. Testicular MDA increased with SOM, 3.2 and 10.0 g/kg SOMMF and 6.4 g/kg SOMAqF. Seminiferous tubules and epididymal ducts of 7.9 g/kg SOM, Sugar and SOMAqF-treated rats showed anomalies. Saccharum officinarum molasses altered testicular and epididymal integrity via lipid peroxidation, thus reducing sperm quality and androgen levels in male Wistar rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunice Ogunwole
- Laboratory for Reproductive Physiology and Developmental Programming, Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
- Department of Physiology, College of Health Sciences, Bingham University, New Karu, Nasarawa, Nigeria
| | - Olufadekemi T. Kunle-Alabi
- Laboratory for Reproductive Physiology and Developmental Programming, Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Opeyemi O. Akindele
- Laboratory for Reproductive Physiology and Developmental Programming, Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Yinusa Raji
- Laboratory for Reproductive Physiology and Developmental Programming, Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
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Bansal G, Thanikachalam PV, Maurya RK, Chawla P, Ramamurthy S. An overview on medicinal perspective of thiazolidine-2,4-dione: A remarkable scaffold in the treatment of type 2 diabetes. J Adv Res 2020; 23:163-205. [PMID: 32154036 PMCID: PMC7052407 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2020.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Revised: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
TZDs, an important pharmacophore in the treatment of diabetes. Various analog-based synthetic strategies and biological significance are discussed. Clinical studies using TZDs along with other antidiabetic agents are also highlighted. SAR has been discussed to suggest the interactions between derivatives and receptor sites. Pyrazole, chromone, and acid-based TZDs can be considered as potential lead molecules.
Diabetes or diabetes mellitus is a complex or polygenic disorder, which is characterized by increased levels of glucose (hyperglycemia) and deficiency in insulin secretion or resistance to insulin over an elongated period in the liver and peripheral tissues. Thiazolidine-2,4-dione (TZD) is a privileged scaffold and an outstanding heterocyclic moiety in the field of drug discovery, which provides various opportunities in exploring this moiety as an antidiabetic agent. In the past few years, various novel synthetic approaches had been undertaken to synthesize different derivatives to explore them as more potent antidiabetic agents with devoid of side effects (i.e., edema, weight gain, and bladder cancer) of clinically used TZD (pioglitazone and rosiglitazone). In this review, an effort has been made to summarize the up to date research work of various synthetic strategies for TZD derivatives as well as their biological significance and clinical studies of TZDs in combination with other category as antidiabetic agents. This review also highlights the structure-activity relationships and the molecular docking studies to convey the interaction of various synthesized novel derivatives with its receptor site.
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Key Words
- ADDP, 1,1′-(Azodicarbonyl)dipiperidine
- AF, activation factor
- ALP, alkaline phosphatase
- ALT, alanine transaminase
- AST, aspartate transaminase
- Boc, Butyloxycarbonyl
- DBD, DNA-binding domain
- DCM, dichloromethane
- DM, diabetes mellitus
- DMF, dimethylformamide
- DMSO, dimethyl sulfoxide
- DNA, deoxyribonucleic acid
- Diabetes
- E, Entgegen
- ECG, electrocardiogram
- FDA, food and drug administration
- FFA, free fatty acid
- GAL4, Galactose transporter type
- GLUT4, glucose transporter type 4
- GPT, glutamic pyruvic transaminase
- HCl, Hydrochloric Acid
- HDL, high-density lipoprotein
- HEK, human embryonic kidney
- HEp-2, Human epithelial type 2
- HFD, high-fat diet
- IDF, international diabetes federation
- IL-β, interlukin-beta
- INS-1, insulin-secreting cells
- K2CO3, Potassium carbonate
- KOH, potassium hydroxide
- LBD, ligand-binding domain
- LDL, low-density lipoprotein
- MDA, malondialdehyde
- NA, nicotinamide
- NBS, N-bromosuccinimide
- NFκB, nuclear factor kappa-B
- NO, nitric oxide
- NaH, Sodium Hydride
- OGTT, oral glucose tolerance test
- PDB, protein data bank
- PPAR, peroxisome-proliferator activated receptor
- PPAR-γ
- PPRE, peroxisome proliferator response element
- PTP1B, protein-tyrosine phosphatase 1B
- Pd, Palladium
- Pioglitazone
- QSAR, quantitative structure-activity relationship
- RXR, retinoid X receptor
- Rosiglitazone
- SAR, structure-activity relationship
- STZ, streptozotocin
- T2DM, type 2 diabetes mellitus
- TFA, trifluoroacetic acid
- TFAA, trifluoroacetic anhydride
- TG, triglycerides
- THF, tetrahydrofuran
- TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor-alpha
- TZD, thiazolidine-2,4-dione
- Thiazolidine-2,4-diones
- WAT, white adipose tissue
- Z, Zusammen
- i.m, Intramuscular
- mCPBA, meta-chloroperoxybenzoic acid
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Affiliation(s)
- Garima Bansal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, ISF College of Pharmacy, Ghal Kalan, Moga, Punjab 142001, India
| | - Punniyakoti Veeraveedu Thanikachalam
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, ISF College of Pharmacy, Ghal Kalan, Moga, Punjab 142001, India.,GRT Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, GRT Mahalakshmi Nagar, Tiruttani, India
| | - Rahul K Maurya
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, ISF College of Pharmacy, Ghal Kalan, Moga, Punjab 142001, India.,Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Lucknow Campus, India
| | - Pooja Chawla
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, ISF College of Pharmacy, Ghal Kalan, Moga, Punjab 142001, India
| | - Srinivasan Ramamurthy
- College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, University of Science and Technology of Fujairah, United Arab Emirates
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Abdel-Rahman RF, Ezzat SM, Ogaly HA, Abd-Elsalam RM, Hessin AF, Fekry MI, Mansour DF, Mohamed SO. Ficus deltoidea extract down-regulates protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B expression in a rat model of type 2 diabetes mellitus: a new insight into its antidiabetic mechanism. J Nutr Sci 2020; 9:e2. [PMID: 32042410 PMCID: PMC6984126 DOI: 10.1017/jns.2019.40] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Revised: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Ficus deltoidea var. deltoidea Jack (FD) is a well-known plant used in Malay folklore medicine to lower blood glucose in diabetic patients. For further research of the antihyperglycemic mechanisms, the protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B)-inhibitory effect of FD was analysed both in vitro and in vivo. To optimise a method for FD extraction, water, 50, 70, 80, 90 and 95 % ethanol extracts were prepared and determined for their total phenolic and triterpene contents, and PTP1B-inhibition capacity. Among the tested extracts, 70 % ethanol FD extract showed a significant PTP1B inhibition (92·0 % inhibition at 200 µg/ml) and high phenolic and triterpene contents. A bioassay-guided fractionation of the 70 % ethanol extract led to the isolation of a new triterpene (3β,11β-dihydroxyolean-12-en-23-oic acid; F3) along with six known compounds. In vivo, 4 weeks' administration of 70 % ethanol FD extract (125, 250 and 500 mg/kg/d) to streptozotocin-nicotinamide-induced type 2 diabetic rats reversed the abnormal changes of blood glucose, insulin, total Hb, GLUT2, lipid profile, and oxidative stress in liver and pancreas. Moreover, FD reduced the mRNA expression of the key gluconeogenic enzymes (phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase and glucose 6-phosphatase) and restored insulin receptor and GLUT2 encoding gene (Slc2a2) expression. In addition, FD significantly down-regulated the hepatic PTP1B gene expression. These results revealed that FD could potentially improve insulin sensitivity, suppress hepatic glucose output and enhance glucose uptake in type 2 diabetes mellitus through down-regulation of PTP1B. Together, our findings give scientific evidence for the traditional use of FD as an antidiabetic agent.
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Key Words
- CAT, catalase
- Dihydroxyolean-12-en-23-oic acid
- FBG, fasting blood glucose
- FD, Ficus deltoidea var. deltoidea Jack
- Ficus deltoidea
- G6Pase, glucose 6-phosphatase
- GPx, glutathione peroxidase
- GSH, reduced glutathione
- Glucose 6-phosphatase
- Glucose transporter-2
- MDA, malondialdehyde
- MET, metformin
- NA, nicotinamide
- PEPCK, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase
- PTP, protein tyrosine phosphatase
- Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase
- Protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B
- SOD, superoxide dismutase
- STZ, streptozotocin
- Slc2a2, GLUT2 gene
- T2DM, type 2 diabetes mellitus
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shahira M. Ezzat
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Einy Street, Cairo11562, Egypt
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, October University for Modern Sciences and Arts, 6th October Campus, 12566, Egypt
| | - Hanan A. Ogaly
- Chemistry Department, College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Reham M. Abd-Elsalam
- Pathology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Alyaa F. Hessin
- Pharmacology Department, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
- Microbiology and Immunology Department, College of Medicine, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Mostafa I. Fekry
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Einy Street, Cairo11562, Egypt
| | - Dina F. Mansour
- Pharmacology Department, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Shanaz O. Mohamed
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
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45
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Saadeldin IM, Swelum AAA, Elsafadi M, Mahmood A, Osama A, Shikshaky H, Alfayez M, Alowaimer AN, Magdeldin S. Thermotolerance and plasticity of camel somatic cells exposed to acute and chronic heat stress. J Adv Res 2019; 22:105-118. [PMID: 31969994 PMCID: PMC6965514 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2019.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2019] [Revised: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The Arabian camel is the largest known mammal that can survive in severe hot climatic conditions. We provide the molecular explanation for the thermotolerance of camel granulosa somatic cells after exposure to 45 °C for 2 (acute heat shock) or 20 h (chronic heat shock). The common features of the cellular responses to acute heat stress were the increase of heat shock proteins and DNA repair enzymes expression. Actin polymerization and Rho signaling were critically activated as a cellular defense against heat shock. Cells exposed to chronic heat shock showed altered cell architecture with a decrease in total detected proteins, metabolic enzymes, and cytoskeletal protein expression. Treatment with transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ) pathway inhibitor SB-431542 suppressed the morphological alterations of cells exposed to chronic heat shock. Moreover, during the recovery stage at 38 °C for 24 h, proteomic changes were partially restored with an exponential increase in HSP70 expression, and the cells restored their normal cellular morphology on the 9th day of recovery. Full proteomics data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD012159. The strategies of cellular defense and tolerance to both thermal conditions reflect the flexible adaptability of camel somatic cells to conserve life under extremely hot conditions.
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Key Words
- Actin
- Anastasis
- CB, Cytochalasin B
- Camel
- GSH, reduced glutathione
- HSPs
- HSPs, heat shock proteins
- IDA, information dependent acquisition
- MDA, malondialdehyde
- Proteomics
- RI, ROCK-inhibitor
- ROCK
- ROCKs, Rho-associated protein kinases
- TGFβ
- TGFβ, transforming growth factor beta
- TIC, total ion chromatography
- Y-27632, ROCK-inhibitor Y-27632
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Affiliation(s)
- Islam M Saadeldin
- Department of Animal Production, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, 11451 Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, 44519 Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Ayman Abdel-Aziz Swelum
- Department of Animal Production, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, 11451 Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, 44519 Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Mona Elsafadi
- Stem Cell Unit, Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amer Mahmood
- Stem Cell Unit, Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Aya Osama
- Proteomics and Metabolomics Unit, 57357 Children's Cancer Hospital, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hassan Shikshaky
- Proteomics and Metabolomics Unit, 57357 Children's Cancer Hospital, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Musaad Alfayez
- Stem Cell Unit, Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,Saudi Society for Camel Research, King Saud University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah N Alowaimer
- Department of Animal Production, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, 11451 Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sameh Magdeldin
- Proteomics and Metabolomics Unit, 57357 Children's Cancer Hospital, Cairo, Egypt.,Physiology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
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Karumuri SB, Singh H, Naqvi S, Mishra A, Flora SJS. Impact of chronic low dose exposure of monocrotophos in rat brain: Oxidative/ nitrosative stress, neuronal changes and cholinesterase activity. Toxicol Rep 2019; 6:1295-303. [PMID: 31867220 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2019.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2019] [Revised: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Monocrotophos (MCP) is an organophosphate mainly used as insecticides in agriculture, and veterinary practice to control pests. Exposure to MCP is known to induce significant systemic toxicity in animals and humans. Short term exposure to a high dose of MCP has been reported to cause systemic toxicity, however limited information is available regarding low dose long term exposure in rats. We studied the effects of low dose long term exposure to MCP on oxidative/nitrosative stress, cholinesterase activity and neuronal loss in rat. Male rats were exposed to MCP (0.1 μg or 1 μg/ml) via drinking water for 8 weeks. The pro-oxidant markers such as reactive oxygen species (ROS), lipid peroxidation (MDA), nitrite level and antioxidant markers such as reduced glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and inhibition of cholinesterase activities were measured to evaluate the effects of MCP on brain along with plasma cholinesterase activity. Neuronal loss was analyzed in cortical region using H&E stained slices. The results suggested that exposure to MC even at the low dose, increased reactive oxygen species, thiobarbituric acid reactive substance levels and decreased glutathione, superoxide dismutase, catalase and cholinesterase activities in brain. No significant effect however, was observed on nitrite levels. Histological analysis revealed that low dose MCP exposure lead to structural changes in the cortical neurons in rats. It can be concluded from the study that low dose long term exposure (lower than No Observed Effect Level) of MCP may lead to the generation of oxidative stress by elevation of pro-oxidants markers and depletion of antioxidant enzymes markers along with inhibition of cholinesterase activity. These changes might thus be considered as the possible mechanism of cortical neuronal loss in these animals.
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Key Words
- ATCI, acetylthiocholineiodide
- BSA, bovine serum albumin
- ChE, cholinesterase
- Cholinesterase inhibition
- DCFDA, 2, 7-dichlrofluorescein diacetate
- DMS, dimethyl sulfoxide
- DTNB, 5, 5-dithiobis (2-nitro-benzoic acid)
- H2O2, hydrogen peroxide
- MCP, monocrotophos
- MDA, malondialdehyde
- Monocrotophos
- NADH, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide reduced
- NBT, nitrobluetetrazolium
- NO, nitric oxide
- NOEL, no observed effect level
- Na2CO3, sodium carbonate
- NaOH, sodium hydroxide
- Neuronal loss
- Nitrosative stress
- OP, organophosphate
- Oxidative stress
- PMSP, henazinemethosulphate
- ROS, reactive oxygen species
- Rat
- SDS, sodium dodecyl sulphate
- SOD, superoxide dismutase
- TBA, thiobarbituricacid
- TBARS, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances
- rGSH, reduced glutathion
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Sharma R, Rahi S, Mehan S. Neuroprotective potential of solanesol in intracerebroventricular propionic acid induced experimental model of autism: Insights from behavioral and biochemical evidence. Toxicol Rep 2019; 6:1164-1175. [PMID: 31763180 PMCID: PMC6861559 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2019.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Revised: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Autism is the category used within the newest edition of the diagnostic and statistical manual of neurodevelopmental disorders. Autism is a spectrum of disorder where a variety of behavioural patterns observed in autistic patients, such as stereotypes and repetitive behavior, hyperexcitability, depression-like symptoms, and memory and cognitive dysfunctions. Neuropathological hallmarks that associated with autism are mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, Neuro-excitation, abnormal synapse formation, overexpression of glial cells in specific brain regions like cerebellum, cerebral cortex, amygdala, and hippocampus. ICV injection of propionic acid (PPA) (4 μl/0.26 M) mimics autistic-like behavioral and biochemical alterations in rats. Literature findings reveal that there is a link between autism neuronal mitochondrial coenzyme-Q10 (CoQ10) and ETC-complexes dysfunctions are the keys pathogenic events for autism. Therefore, in the current study, we explore the neuroprotective interventions of Solanesol (SNL) 40 and 60 mg/kg alone and in combination with standard drugs Aripiprazole (ARP) 5 mg/kg, Citalopram (CTP) 10 mg/kg, Memantine (MEM) 5 mg/kg and Donepezil (DNP) 3 mg/kg to overcome behavioral and biochemical alterations in PPA induced experimental model of Autism. Chronic treatment with SNL 60 mg/kg in combination with standard drug shows a marked improvement in locomotion, muscle coordination, long-term memory and the decrease in depressive behavior. While, chronic treatment of SNL alone and in combination with standard drug aripiprazole, citalopram, donepezil, and memantine shows the Neuroprotective potential by enhancing the cognitive deficits, biochemical alterations along with reducing the level of inflammatory mediators and oxidative stress.
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Key Words
- AChE, acetylcholinesterase acetylcholinesterase
- ARP, Aripiprazole
- ATP
- Aripiprazole
- Autism
- BBB, blood-brain barrier
- CNS, center nerves system
- CTP, Citalopram
- Citalopram
- CoQ10, coenzyme-Q10
- Coenzyme-Q10
- DNP, Donepezil
- Donepezil
- ELT, escape latency
- ETC, electron-transport chain
- ICV, Intracerebroventricular
- LDH, lactate dehydrogenase
- MAPK3, mitogen-activated protein kinase 3
- MDA, malondialdehyde
- MEM, Memantine
- Memantine
- NO, nitric oxide
- PPA, propionic acid
- Propionic acid
- SNL, Solanesol
- SOD, superoxide dismutase
- UBE3A, Ubiquitin-protein ligase E3A
- i.p., Intraperitoneal route
- mitochondrial dysfunction
- p.o., Oral
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramit Sharma
- Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, India
| | - Saloni Rahi
- Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, India
| | - Sidharth Mehan
- Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, India
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Ibrahim AB, Zaki HF, Ibrahim WW, Omran MM, Shouman SA. Evaluation of tamoxifen and simvastatin as the combination therapy for the treatment of hormonal dependent breast cancer cells. Toxicol Rep 2019; 6:1114-1126. [PMID: 31788433 PMCID: PMC6880098 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2019.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Revised: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Tamoxifen (TAM) is a nonsteroidal antiestrogen drug, used in the prevention and treatment of all stages of hormone-responsive breast cancer. Simvastatin (SIM), a lipid-lowering agent, has been shown to inhibit cancer cell growth. The study aimed at investigating the impact of using SIM with TAM in estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) breast cancer cell line, T47D, as well as in mice-bearing Ehrlich solid tumor. The cell line was treated with different concentrations of TAM or/and SIM for 72 h. The effects of treatment on cytotoxicity, oxidative stress markers, apoptosis, angiogenesis, and metastasis were investigated. Our results showed that the combination treatment decreased the oxidative stress markers, glucose uptake, VEGF, and MMP 2 &9 in the cell line compared to TAM- treated cells. Drug interaction of TAM and SIM was synergistic in T47D by increasing the apoptotic makers Bax/BCL-2 ratio and caspase 3 activity. Additionally, in vivo, the combination regimen resulted in a non-significant decrease in the tumor volume compared to TAM treated group. Moreover, the combined treatment decreased the protein expression of TNF-α, NF-kB compared to control. In conclusion, our results suggest that SIM may serve as a promising treatment with TAM for improving the efficacy against estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) breast cancer.
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Key Words
- Apoptosis
- Bax/Bcl-2, ratio Bcl-2-AssociatedXprotein/B-cell lymphoma 2 ratio
- Cytotoxicity
- EAC, ehrlich ascites carcinoma
- ER+, estrogen receptor-positive
- GSH, glutathione
- MDA, malondialdehyde
- MMP, 2&9 metalloproteinases-2and9
- NF-KB, nuclear factor kappa-B
- NOx, nitric oxide
- Oxidative stress
- SIM, simvastatin
- SOD, superoxide dismutase
- Simvastatin
- TAM, tamoxifen
- TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor α
- Tamoxifen
- VEGF, vascular endothelial growth factor
- Vascular endothelial growth factor
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Affiliation(s)
- Amel B. Ibrahim
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Zawia University, Libya
| | - Hala F. Zaki
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Egypt
| | - Walaa W. Ibrahim
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Egypt
| | - Mervat M. Omran
- Department of Cancer Biology Department, Pharmacology Unit, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Egypt
- Corresponding author.
| | - Samia A. Shouman
- Department of Cancer Biology Department, Pharmacology Unit, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Egypt
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Shaikh AB, Fang H, Li M, Chen S, Shang P, Shang X. Reduced expression of carbonic anhydrase III in skeletal muscles could be linked to muscle fatigue: A rat muscle fatigue model. J Orthop Translat 2020; 22:116-23. [PMID: 32440507 DOI: 10.1016/j.jot.2019.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2019] [Revised: 08/12/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Carbonic anhydrase III (CAIII) is expressed abundantly in slow skeletal muscles, adipocytes, and the liver. It plays a critical role in maintaining intracellular pH, antioxidation, and energy metabolism, which are further involved in fatigue. However, its function and mechanism in maintaining the physiological function of muscles or antifatigue are still ambiguous. We hypothesized that changes of CAIII in skeletal muscles might be related to the occurrence of muscle fatigue. Method After establishing a rat soleus muscle fatigue model, we measured the protein expression of the CAIII in muscles. And the muscle intracellular biochemical indices [malondialdehyde (MDA), adenosine triphosphate (ATP), and lactic acid] were also measured using assay kits. After transfected by CAIII-overexpressing and knockdown lentiviral vectors, the rat soleus muscles were induced to fatigue to investigate the effects and possible molecular mechanisms of CAIII in antifatigue. Results The expression of CAIII in fatigued soleus muscles was significantly decreased compared with that of the control group (P < 0.001). Moreover, the ATP level in the fatigued muscle also significantly decreased, whereas lactic acid and MDA levels were significantly increased (P < 0.001). After posttransfection for 21 days, CAIII levels in muscles were significantly reduced in the CAIII-interfering lentivirus group, but increased in the CAIII-overexpressed lentivirus group (P < 0.001). In addition, CAIII knockdown muscles showed more reduction of the maximal muscle force and ATP levels and more increase of MDA and lactic acid levels during the fatigue test than the control group, (P < 0.05). On the other hand, CAIII-overexpressed muscles showed less reduction of the maximal muscle force and ATP levels and less increase of MDA and lactic acid levels during muscle fatigue than the control group (P < 0.05). Conclusions Our study showed that soleus muscle fatigue induced by electrical stimulation could result in downregulation of CAIII and ATP levels and accumulation of lactic acid and MDA. Further study showed that CAIII knockdown led to more reduction of the maximal muscle force, whereas CAIII overexpression showed less reduction of the maximal muscle force, which suggested that CAIII levels in muscles might be related to the occurrence of muscle fatigue. Translational potential CAIII plays an important role in muscle fatigue. Up-regulating the expression of CAIII might contribute to dissipating fatigue, which would provide a new method to solve the difficulties in eliminating muscular fatigue.
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Key Words
- ATP, adenosine triphosphate
- CAIII, carbonic anhydrase III
- CAs, carbonic anhydrases
- Carbonic anhydrase III
- Ct, threshold cycle
- MDA, malondialdehyde
- Muscle fatigue
- NS, saline injection group
- PBS, phosphate-buffered saline
- PBST, PBS with Tween 20
- PVDF, polyvinylidene difluoride
- RIPA, radioimmunoprecipitation assay
- ROS, reactive oxygen species
- SD, Sprague Dawley
- SDS–PAGE gel, sodium dodecyl sulphate–polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis
- Soleus muscle
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Rahman M, Steuer J, Gillgren P, Végvári Á, Liu A, Frostegård J. Malondialdehyde Conjugated With Albumin Induces Pro-Inflammatory Activation of T Cells Isolated From Human Atherosclerotic Plaques Both Directly and Via Dendritic Cell-Mediated Mechanism. JACC Basic Transl Sci 2019; 4:480-494. [PMID: 31468003 PMCID: PMC6712057 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacbts.2019.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Revised: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Human dendritic cells were differentiated from blood monocytes and treated with malondialdehyde (MDA) conjugated with human serum albumin (HSA). Autologous T cells from human plaques or blood were co-cultured with the pre-treated dendritic cells or treated directly. MDA modifications were studied by mass spectrometry. MDA-HSA induced a pro-inflammatory DC-mediated T-cell activation and also a strong direct effect on T cells, inhibited by an inhibitor of oxidative stress and antibodies against MDA. Atherogenic heat shock protein-60 was strongly induced in T cells activated by MDA-HSA. Two peptide modifications in atherosclerotic patients' HSA were similar to those present in in vitro MDA-modified HSA.
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Key Words
- ATP, adenosine triphosphate
- CVD, cardiovascular disease
- DC, dendritic cell
- GM-CSF, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor
- HLA, human leukocyte antigen
- HSA, human serum albumin
- HSP, heat shock protein
- IFN, interferon
- IL, interleukin
- IgM, immunoglobulin M
- LDL, low-density lipoprotein
- MDA, malondialdehyde
- MS, mass spectrometry
- OxLDL, oxidized low-density lipoprotein
- PCR, polymerase chain reaction
- T cells
- TCR, T-cell receptor
- TGF, transforming growth factor
- TLR, Toll-like receptor
- TNF, tumor necrosis factor
- atherosclerosis
- dendritic cells
- malondialdehyde
- oxidized low-density lipoprotein
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Affiliation(s)
- Mizanur Rahman
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Johnny Steuer
- Section of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Södersjukhuset, Institution of Clinical Science and Education, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Peter Gillgren
- Section of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Södersjukhuset, Institution of Clinical Science and Education, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ákos Végvári
- Division of Chemistry I, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Biomedicum, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anquan Liu
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Johan Frostegård
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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