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Fang X, Cao J, Tao Z, Yang Z, Dai Y, Zhao L. Hydroxytyrosol attenuates ethanol-induced liver injury by ameliorating steatosis, oxidative stress and hepatic inflammation by interfering STAT3/iNOS pathway. Redox Rep 2023; 28:2187564. [PMID: 36932927 PMCID: PMC10026757 DOI: 10.1080/13510002.2023.2187564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: Hydroxytyrosol (HT) is a polyphenol with a wide range of biological activities. Excessive drinking can lead to oxidative stress and inflammation in the liver, which usually develop into alcohol liver disease (ALD). At present, there is no specific drug to treat ALD. In this paper, the protection effect of HT on ALD and the underline mechanism were studied.Methods: HepG2 cells were exposed to ethanol in vitro and C57BL/6J mice were fed with a Lieber-DeCarli ethanol liquid diet in vivo.Results: triglyceride (TG) level in serum and the expression of fatty acid synthase (FASN) were reduced significantly by the treatment with HT The acetaldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) activity was increased, the serum level of malondialdehyde (MDA) was decreased, catalase (CAT) and glutathione (GSH) were increased, suggesting that HT may reduce its oxidative damage to the body by promoting alcohol metabolism. Furthermore, according to the mRNA levels of tnf-α, il-6 and il-1β, HT inhibited ethanol-induced inflammation significantly. The anti-inflammatory mechanism of HT may be related to suppress the STAT3/iNOS pathway.Dissussion: Our study showed that HT could ameliorate ethanol-induced hepatic steatosis, oxidative stress and inflammation and provide a new candidate for the prevention and treatment of ALD.
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Key Words
- ADH, alcohol dehydrogenase
- ALD, alcohol liver disease
- ALDH, acetaldehyde dehydrogenase
- ALT, alanine aminotransferase
- AST, aspartate aminotransferase
- CAT, catalase
- COX2, cyclo-oxygen-ase2
- CYP2E1, cytochrome P450 2E1
- DMSO, Dimethyl sulfoxide
- DPPH, 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl
- FASN, fatty acid synthase
- GSH, glutathione
- HT, hydroxytyrosol
- HepG2
- Hepatic steatosis
- Hydroxytyrosol
- LDL, low density lipoprotein
- LPS, lipopolysaccharides
- Liver injury
- MDA, malondialdehyde
- NO, nitric oxide
- PPAR-γ, peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor
- ROS, reactive oxygen species
- SREBP-1c, sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1c
- STAT3, signal transducer and activator of transcription 3
- STAT3/iNOS pathway
- TC, total cholesterol
- TG, triglyceride
- alcoholic liver disease
- anti-inflammation
- anti-oxidation
- iNOS, inducible nitric oxide Synthas
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianying Fang
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
- College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiamin Cao
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
- College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi Tao
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
- College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiqing Yang
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan Dai
- Yanghe Distillery Co. Ltd, Suqian, People's Republic of China
| | - Linguo Zhao
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
- College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
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Lee GO, Caulfield LE, Paredes-Olortegui M, Penataro-Yori P, Salas MS, Kosek MN. Nutrient intakes from complementary foods are associated with cardiometabolic biomarkers among undernourished Peruvian children. J Nutr Sci 2023; 12:e80. [PMID: 37528831 PMCID: PMC10388437 DOI: 10.1017/jns.2023.66] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Relatively little is known about how the diet of chronically undernourished children may impact cardiometabolic biomarkers. The objective of this exploratory study was to characterise relationships between dietary patterns and the cardiometabolic profile of 153 3-5-year-old Peruvian children with a high prevalence of chronic undernutrition. We collected monthly dietary recalls from children when they were 9-24 months old. At 3-5 years, additional dietary recalls were collected, and blood pressure, height, weight, subscapular skinfolds and fasting plasma glucose, insulin and lipid profiles were assessed. Nutrient intakes were expressed as average density per 100 kcals (i) from 9 to 24 months and (ii) at follow-up. The treelet transform and sparse reduced rank regress'ion (RRR) were used to summarize nutrient intake data. Linear regression models were then used to compare these factors to cardiometabolic outcomes and anthropometry. Linear regression models adjusting for subscapular skinfold-for-age Z-scores (SSFZ) were then used to test whether observed relationships were mediated by body composition. 26 % of children were stunted at 3-5 years old. Both treelet transform and sparse RRR-derived child dietary factors are related to protein intake and associated with total cholesterol and SSFZ. Associations between dietary factors and insulin were attenuated after adjusting for SSFZ, suggesting that body composition mediated these relationships. Dietary factors in early childhood, influenced by protein intake, are associated with cholesterol profiles, fasting glucose and body fat in a chronically undernourished population.
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Key Words
- Cardiometabolic biomarkers
- Complementary foods
- HAZ, height-for-age Z-score, based on the WHO reference standard
- HDL-c, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol
- HDLZ, sd of mean HDL-c, based on the distribution of the sample
- HOMA-IR, homeostatic model assessment-insulin resistance
- INZ, sd of insulin, based on the distribution of the sample
- LDC-c, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol
- MAPZ, sd of mean arterial blood pressure, based on the distribution of the sample
- MFP, meat, fish or poultry
- Nutrient intake
- PCA, principal components analysis
- Peru
- RRR, reduced rank regression
- Stunting
- TC, total cholesterol
- TG, triglycerides
- TGZ, sd of triglycerides, based on the distribution of the sample
- WAZ, weight-for-age Z-score, based on the WHO reference standard
- WHZ, weight-for-height Z-score, based on the WHO reference standard
- vLDL-c, very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol
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Affiliation(s)
- Gwenyth O. Lee
- Rutgers Global Health Institute and Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Laura E. Caulfield
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - Pablo Penataro-Yori
- University of Virginia Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | | | - Margaret N. Kosek
- University of Virginia Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, Charlottesville, VA, USA
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Jones JL, Sabaté J, Heskey C, Oda K, Miles F, Rajaram S. Macadamia nut effects on cardiometabolic risk factors: a randomised trial. J Nutr Sci 2023; 12:e55. [PMID: 37180485 PMCID: PMC10173088 DOI: 10.1017/jns.2023.39] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023] Open
Abstract
We sought to examine the effects of daily consumption of macadamia nuts on body weight and composition, plasma lipids and glycaemic parameters in a free-living environment in overweight and obese adults at elevated cardiometabolic risk. Utilising a randomised cross-over design, thirty-five adults with abdominal obesity consumed their usual diet plus macadamia nuts (~15 % of daily calories) for 8 weeks (intervention) and their usual diet without nuts for 8 weeks (control), with a 2-week washout. Body composition was determined by bioelectrical impedance; dietary intake was assessed with 24-h dietary recalls. Consumption of macadamia nuts led to increased total fat and MUFA intake while SFA intake was unaltered. With mixed model regression analysis, no significant changes in mean weight, BMI, waist circumference, percent body fat or glycaemic parameters, and non-significant reductions in plasma total cholesterol of 2⋅1 % (-4⋅3 mg/dl; 95 % CI -14⋅8, 6⋅1) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL-C) of 4 % (-4⋅7 mg/dl; 95 % CI -14⋅3, 4⋅8) were observed. Cholesterol-lowering effects were modified by adiposity: greater lipid lowering occurred in those with overweight v. obesity, and in those with less than the median percent body fat. Daily consumption of macadamia nuts does not lead to gains in weight or body fat under free-living conditions in overweight or obese adults; non-significant cholesterol lowering occurred without altering saturated fat intake of similar magnitude to cholesterol lowering seen with other nuts. Clinical Trial Registry Number and Website: NCT03801837 https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03801837?term = macadamia + nut&draw = 2&rank = 1.
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Key Words
- % Body fat, percent body fat
- Adiposity
- Apo A1, apoprotein A1
- Apo B, apoprotein B
- BFM, body fat mass
- Body composition
- CV, coefficient of variation
- CVD, cardiovascular disease
- Cholesterol
- DLM, dry lean mass
- HOMA2, homeostasis model assessment 2
- IR, insulin resistance
- LBM, lean body mass
- LDL-C
- Mac, macadamia nuts
- Macadamia nuts
- Palmitoleic acid
- SMM, skeletal muscle mass
- TAG, triacylglycerol
- TBW, total body water
- TC, total cholesterol
- TEE, total energy expenditure
- VLDL,, very low-density lipoprotein
- WC, waist circumference
- oxLDL, oxidised LDL
- sdLDL, small dense low-density lipoprotein
- se, standard error
- sem, standard error of the mean
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie L. Jones
- School of Public Health, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Joan Sabaté
- School of Public Health, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Celine Heskey
- School of Public Health, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Keiji Oda
- School of Public Health, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Fayth Miles
- School of Public Health, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Sujatha Rajaram
- School of Public Health, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA
- Corresponding author: Sujatha Rajaram, email
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Roy R, Liya IJ, Roy J, Basher MA. Acute and subchronic toxicity profile of methanol extract of leaves of Fimbristylis miliacea (L.) Vahl. Toxicol Rep 2023; 10:301-307. [PMID: 36891508 PMCID: PMC9986635 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2023.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Ethnopharmacological relevance Fimbristylis miliacea (L.) Vahl (Cyperaceae) is a grass like herb habitually breeds as weed in paddy fields and mostly disseminated in tropical or sub-tropical countries of south and south-east Asia, northern Australia, and west Africa. The plant has been traditionally used to treat fever as a form of poultice. However, no scientific study regarding its toxicity profile has been testified. Aim of the study The study has been carried out to determine the potential toxicity of the methanol extract from leaves of the Fimbristylis miliacea, employing the technique of acute and subchronic oral administration in mice. Materials and methods In the acute toxicity study according to OECD guideline 425, oral administration of FM methanol extract at single doses of 2000 and 5000 mg/kg in both sexes of Swiss albino mice was performed. Toxic symptoms, abnormal behavior, changes in body weight, and mortality were observed for 14 consecutive days. In subchronic toxicity study according to OECD guideline 407, plant extract was administered orally at doses of 100, 500, 1000, and 2000 mg/kg daily for 28 days. The general toxic symptoms, abnormal behavior, changes in body weight were observed daily. Biochemical analysis of serum, and histopathological examination of liver were performed at the end of the study. Results No mortality, abnormal behavior and urination, changes in sleep, food intake, adverse effect, and non-linearity in body weight have been recorded during acute toxicity study at the doses of 2000 and 5000 mg/kg. Also, in subchronic toxicity study, FM extract produced no mortality or any kind of adverse effects in regards of general behavior, body weight, urination, sleeping routine, and food intake. In case of analysis of thirteen different biochemical parameters, concentrations of aspartate transaminase (AST) and glucose were altered significantly in male and female mice in both acute and subchronic study. Total cholesterol and triglycerides at 5000 mg/kg.bw were changed in male mice in acute toxicity study. On the other hand, female mice had altered triglycerides in subchronic test. All other critical parameters were found unaffected. In subchronic test, histopathological examination of liver demonstrated cellular necrosis at 2000 mg/kg.bw in both male and female mice while minor necrosis was observed at 1000 mg/kg.bw. Thus, the no observed adverse effect level (NOAEL) can be assumed around 1000 mg/kg.bw. Conclusion The present study suggests that treatment with FM extract does not reveal significant toxicity.
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Key Words
- ALP, alkaline phosphatase
- ALT, alanine aminotransferase
- AST, aspartate aminotransferase
- Acute toxicity
- Alb, albumin
- BIL, bilirubin
- CR, creatinine
- FM, Fimbristylis miliacea
- Fimbristylis miliacea (L.) Vahl
- Glu, glucose
- HDL, high-density lipoprotein
- LD, Lethal Dose
- LDL, low-density lipoprotein
- Subchronic toxicity
- TC, total cholesterol
- TG, triglyceride
- TP, total protein
- Toxicological profile
- UA, uric acid
- b.w, Body weight
- h, hour
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Affiliation(s)
- Roni Roy
- Department of Pharmacy, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Sonapur, Noakhali 3814, Bangladesh
| | - Israt Jahan Liya
- Department of Pharmacy, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Sonapur, Noakhali 3814, Bangladesh
| | - Jony Roy
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Sonapur, Noakhali 3814, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad Anwarul Basher
- Department of Pharmacy, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Sonapur, Noakhali 3814, Bangladesh
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Zhong F, Guan Q, Zhang H, Zhang X, Zhao M, Yuan Z, Fan X, Han J, Li Q, Wang Z, Shao S, Zhao J. Association of longitudinal changes in serum lipids with the natural history of subclinical hypothyroidism: A retrospective cohort study using data from the REACTION study. EClinicalMedicine 2022; 53:101629. [PMID: 36060516 PMCID: PMC9433604 DOI: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2022.101629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH) often leads to alterations in lipid profile, which may negatively impact humans health. Whether lipids in turn affect the natural history of SCH is unknown. We aimed to assess the association between longitudinal changes in serum lipid levels and the natural history of SCH. METHODS This retrospective cohort study using data from the REACTION study included 581 patients with SCH who were enrolled between July 1, 2011, and December 19, 2014, with a median follow-up of three [IQR, 2·86-3·21] years. Patients with missing data or conditions that can affect thyroid function were excluded. Changes in serum lipid levels were calculated from serum lipid measurements 3 years apart and classified in two ways: 1) the first, second, and third tertiles of the difference between baseline and follow-up and 2) the percent change from baseline, namely, serum lipid decrease ≥ 25%, minor change, and serum lipid increase ≥ 25%. The natural history of SCH includes regression to euthyroidism, SCH persistence, or progression to overt hypothyroidism (OH). Odds ratios (ORs) were estimated by multivariable logistic regression. Validation was performed on data from a health management cohort study conducted from January 1, 2012, to December 31, 2016, with a median follow-up of two [IQR, 1·92-2·08] years. After using the same inclusion and exclusion criteria as the REACTION cohort study, 412 patients with SCH were eligible for the validation analysis. FINDINGS There were 132 (22·7%) men and 449 (77·3%) women in the study, with a median age of 56 [IQR,49-62] years. During follow-up, 270 (46·5%), 266 (45·8%), and 27 (4·6%) patients had regression to euthyroidism, persistent SCH, and progression to OH, respectively. Both grouping manners showed a significant association between changes in lipid levels and the natural history of SCH. A total cholesterol (TC)-level increase was independently associated with a greater risk of progression to OH (OR for ≥ 25% TC increase vs. minor change: 5·40; 95% CI 1·46-21·65), whereas TC-level declines increased the likelihood of regressing to euthyroidism (OR for ≥ 25% TC decrease vs. minor change: 3·45; 95% CI 1·09-12·43). Similarly, the likelihood of regression according to changes in triglyceride (TG) levels exhibited a consistent trend with that according to TC-level changes. A similar pattern of association was observed in the validation cohort. INTERPRETATION Changes in serum lipid levels in SCH are associated with future progression or regression risk, suggesting that the changes in serum lipid levels may affect the natural history of SCH. Clinicians should pay attention to the long-term control of serum lipids levels in populations with SCH, which may benefit thyroid function. FUNDING This work was supported by grants from the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2017YFC1309800), the National Natural Science Foundation (81430020, 82070818), and the "Outstanding University Driven by Talents" Program and Academic Promotion Program of Shandong First Medical University (2019LJ007).
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Key Words
- ALT, alanine transaminase
- Cholesterol
- Cohort study
- Cr, creatinine
- FT3, free triiodothyronine
- FT4, free thyroxine
- HbA1c, glycatedhaemoglobin
- Hypothyroidism
- Lipid
- OH, overt hypothyroidism
- SBP, systolic blood pressure
- SCH, Subclinical hypothyroidism
- Subclinical hypothyroidism
- TC, total cholesterol
- TG, triglyceride
- TPOAb, thyroperoxidase antibody
- TSH, thyroid-stimulating hormone
- Thyroid
- Triglyceride
- eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Zhong
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, China
- Shandong Clinical Medical Centre of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, China
| | - Qingbo Guan
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, China
- Shandong Clinical Medical Centre of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, China
- Shandong Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Disease, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, China
| | - Haiqing Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, China
- Shandong Clinical Medical Centre of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, China
- Shandong Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Disease, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, China
- Shandong Clinical Medical Centre of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, China
- Shandong Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Disease, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, China
| | - Meng Zhao
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, China
- Shandong Clinical Medical Centre of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, China
- Shandong Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Disease, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, China
| | - Zhongshang Yuan
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan, 250021, China
| | - Xiude Fan
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, China
- Shandong Clinical Medical Centre of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, China
- Shandong Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Disease, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, China
| | - Junming Han
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, China
- Shandong Clinical Medical Centre of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, China
- Shandong Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Disease, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, China
| | - Qihang Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, China
- Shandong Clinical Medical Centre of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, China
| | - Zhixiang Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, China
- Shandong Clinical Medical Centre of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, China
| | - Shanshan Shao
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, China
- Shandong Clinical Medical Centre of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, China
- Shandong Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Disease, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, China
| | - Jiajun Zhao
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, China
- Shandong Clinical Medical Centre of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, China
- Shandong Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Disease, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, China
- Corresponding author at: Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, 324, Jing 5 Rd, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, China.
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Bawua SA, Ichihara K, Keatley R, Arko-Mensah J, Ayeh-Kumi PF, Erasmus R, Fobil J. Derivation of sex and age-specific reference intervals for clinical chemistry analytes in healthy Ghanaian adults. Clin Chem Lab Med 2022; 60:1426-1439. [PMID: 35786502 DOI: 10.1515/cclm-2022-0293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTVIES This study is aimed at establishing reference intervals (RIs) of 40 chemistry and immunochemistry analytes for Ghanaian adults based on internationally harmonized protocol by IFCC Committee on Reference Intervals and Decision Limits (C-RIDL). METHODS A total of 501 healthy volunteers aged ≥18 years were recruited from the northern and southern regions of Ghana. Blood samples were analyzed with Beckman-Coulter AU480 and Centaur-XP/Siemen auto-analyzers. Sources of variations of reference values (RVs) were evaluated by multiple regression analysis (MRA). The need for partitioning RVs by sex and age was guided by the SD ratio (SDR). The RI for each analyte was derived using parametric method with application of the latent abnormal values exclusion (LAVE) method. RESULTS Using SDR≥0.4 as threshold, RVs were partitioned by sex for most enzymes, creatinine, uric acid (UA), bilirubin, immunoglobulin-M. MRA revealed age and body mass index (BMI) as major source of variations of many analytes. LAVE lowered the upper limits of RIs for alanine/aspartate aminotransferase, γ-glutamyl transaminase and lipids. Exclusion of individuals with BMI≥30 further lowered the RIs for lipids and CRP. After standardization based on value-assigned serum panel provided by C-RIDL, Ghanaian RIs were found higher for creatine kinase, amylase, and lower for albumin and urea compared to other collaborating countries. CONCLUSIONS The LAVE effect on many clinical chemistry RIs supports the need for the secondary exclusion for reliable derivation of RIs. The differences in Ghanaian RIs compared to other countries underscore the importance of country specific-RIs for improved clinical decision making.
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Key Words
- AG, anion gap
- ALP, alkaline phosphatase
- ALT, alanine aminotransferase
- AMY, amylase
- AST, aspartate aminotransferase
- Alb, albumin
- BD, Becton Dickinson
- BMI, body mass index
- BR, bias ratio
- C-RIDL, Committee on Reference Intervals and Decision Limits
- C3, complement component 3
- C4, complement component 4
- CDL, clinical decision limit
- CI, confidence interval
- CK, creatine kinase
- CRP, C-reactive protein
- CV(b), CV of the regression slope b
- Ca, calcium
- Cl, chloride
- Cre, creatinine
- DBil, direct bilirubin
- F, female
- GGT, gamma-glutamyl transferase
- Glb, globulin
- Glu, glucose
- HDL-CHDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol
- HbA1c, hemoglobin A1c
- IFCC, International Federation of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine
- IP, inorganic phosphate
- IgA, immunoglobulin A
- IgG, immunoglobulin G
- IgM, immunoglobulin M
- K, potassium
- LAVE, latent abnormal values exclusion
- LDH, lactate dehydrogenase
- LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol
- LL, lower limit
- M, male
- MF, male + female
- MRA, multiple regression analysis
- Mg, magnesium
- NP, non-parametric
- Na, sodium
- P, parametric
- RI, reference interval
- RV, reference values
- SDR, standard deviation ratio
- SV, sources of variation
- TBil, total bilirubin
- TC, total cholesterol
- TCO2, total carbon dioxide
- TG, triglycerides
- TP, total protein
- UA, uric acid
- UL, upper limit
- between-country differences
- bias ratio
- eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate
- ethnicity
- latent abnormal values exclusion method
- multiple regression analysis
- nonparametric method
- parametric method
- rp, standardized partial correlation coefficient
- standard deviation ratio
- standardization
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Affiliation(s)
- Serwaa Akoto Bawua
- Department of Biological, Environmental & Occupational Health Sciences, University of Ghana School of Public Health, Accra, Ghana
| | - Kiyoshi Ichihara
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Japan
| | | | - John Arko-Mensah
- Department of Biological, Environmental & Occupational Health Sciences, University of Ghana School of Public Health, Accra, Ghana
| | - Patrick F Ayeh-Kumi
- Department of Microbiology, University of Ghana Medical School, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Korle-Bu, Ghana
| | - Rajiv Erasmus
- University of Stellenbosch, Division of Chemical Pathology, Tygerberg, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Julius Fobil
- Department of Biological, Environmental & Occupational Health Sciences, University of Ghana School of Public Health, Accra, Ghana
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Li Y, Yuan X, Wei J, Sun Y, Ni W, Zhang H, Zhang Y, Wang R, Xu R, Liu T, Yang C, Chen G, Xu J, Liu Y. Long-term exposure to ambient air pollution and serum liver enzymes in older adults: a population-based longitudinal study. Ann Epidemiol 2022; 74:1-7. [PMID: 35680103 DOI: 10.1016/j.annepidem.2022.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2022] [Revised: 05/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the association of long-term exposure to ambient air pollution with serum liver enzymes in older adults. METHODS In this longitudinal study, we investigated 318,911 adults aged ≥65 years and assessed their long-term residential exposure to particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter ≤2.5 µm (PM2.5), particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter ≤10 µm (PM10), sulfur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), carbon monoxide (CO), and ozone (O3). Linear mixed models and generalized linear mixed models were implemented for exposure-response analyses. RESULTS Each interquartile range (IQR) increase of PM2.5, PM10, SO2, NO2, CO, and O3 exposures was significantly associated with a 4.6%, 4.6%, 5.6%, 4.6%, 6.2%, and 3.6% increase in alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and a 4.6%, 5.2%, 3.6%, 3.3%, 6.1%, and 4.0% increase in aspartate aminotransferase (AST), respectively. Each IQR increase of PM2.5, PM10, SO2, NO2, CO, and O3 exposures was significantly associated with a 23%, 24%, 28%, 17%, 31%, and 19% increase in odds of elevated ALT (>40 U/L), and a 32%, 39%, 40%, 32%, 57%, and 25% increase in odds of elevated AST (>40 U/L), respectively. CONCLUSIONS Long-term exposure to ambient air pollution was significantly associated with increased serum liver enzyme levels in older adults, suggesting that air pollution exposures may induce hepatocellular injury.
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Key Words
- AST, aspartate aminotransferase
- Alanine aminotransferase
- Ambient air pollution
- Aspartate aminotransferase
- BMI, body mass index
- CHAP, ChinaHighAirPollutants
- CI, confidence interval
- CO, carbon monoxide
- FBG, fasting blood glucose
- HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol
- IQR, interquartile range
- LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol
- Liver enzymes
- NO(2), nitrogen dioxide
- O(3), ozone
- OR, odds ratio
- Older adults Abbreviations: ALT, alanine aminotransferase
- PM(10), particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter ≤10 µm
- PM(2.5), particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter ≤2.5 µm
- SD, standardized deviation
- SO(2), sulfur dioxide
- TC, total cholesterol
- TG, triglyceride
- WC, waist circumference
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingxin Li
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China.
| | - Xueli Yuan
- Shenzhen Center for Chronic Disease Control, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518020, China
| | - Jing Wei
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Iowa Technology Institute, and Center for Global and Regional Environmental Research, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Yuanying Sun
- Shenzhen Center for Chronic Disease Control, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518020, China
| | - Wenqing Ni
- Shenzhen Center for Chronic Disease Control, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518020, China
| | - Hongmin Zhang
- Shenzhen Center for Chronic Disease Control, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518020, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Shenzhen Center for Chronic Disease Control, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518020, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Luohu Center for Chronic Disease Control, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518000, China
| | - Ruijun Xu
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
| | - Tingting Liu
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
| | - Chunyu Yang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
| | - Gongbo Chen
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
| | - Jian Xu
- Shenzhen Center for Chronic Disease Control, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518020, China.
| | - Yuewei Liu
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
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Huygen LPM, Westerink J, Mol GC, Bemelmans RHH. When LDL Cholesterol Is Not LDL Cholesterol: LpX, A Clinical Lesson. JACC Case Rep 2022; 4:690-3. [PMID: 35677796 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaccas.2022.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
LpX is a lipoprotein formed in cholestatic conditions and often erroneously reported as LDL-C. A low ApoB level can support the diagnosis of LpX. Treatment should not automatically focus on lowering serum lipid levels, but primarily on resolving the cause of cholestasis. (Level of Difficulty: Advanced.)
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9
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Geng C, Feng Y, Yang Y, Yang H, Li Z, Tang Y, Wang J, Zhao H. Allergic asthma aggravates angiotensin Ⅱ-induced cardiac remodeling in mice. Transl Res 2022; 244:88-100. [PMID: 35108660 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2022.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease remains the leading cause of death globally, and heart failure (HF) represents its terminal stage. Asthma, one of the most common chronic diseases, has been reported to be associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease. However, the link between asthma and HF has rarely been studied, and the possible mechanisms by which asthma affects HF are unclear. This study aimed to explore the influence of asthma on HF and the possible mechanisms. We analyzed data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey and found a higher prevalence of HF among asthmatic individuals, and identified an independent association between HF and asthma. Subsequently, we produced mice with concurrent ovalbumin (OVA) sensitization-induced allergic asthma and angiotensin Ⅱ infusion-induced cardiac remodeling to explore the effect of asthma on cardiac remodeling in vivo. The results showed that OVA-induced asthma impaired heart function and aggravated cardiac remodeling in mice. We also found that OVA sensitization increased the expression levels of immunoglobulin E (IgE) in serum and IgE receptor (FcεR1) in the heart, and enhanced the activation of downstream signaling molecules of IgE-FcεR1 in the heart. Importantly, blockage of IgE-FcεR1 using FcεR1-deficient mice or an anti-IgE antibody prevented asthma-induced decline of cardiac function, and alleviated cardiac remodeling. These findings demonstrate the adverse effects of allergic asthma on the heart, and suggest the potential application of anti-IgE therapy in the treatment of asthma complicated with heart conditions.
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Key Words
- AKT, protein kinase B
- ANP, natriuretic peptide type A
- Ang Ⅱ, angiotensin Ⅱ
- BALF, bronchioalveolar lavage fluid
- BMI, body mass index
- BNP, natriuretic peptide type B
- BW, body weight
- CAD, coronary heart disease
- COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
- CVD, cardiovascular disease
- EF, ejection fraction
- FS, fraction shortening
- HF, heart failure
- HW, heart weight
- IgE, immunoglobulin E
- LVAW, left ventricular anterior wall
- LVID, left ventricular internal dimension
- LVPW, left ventricular posterior wall
- NHANES, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
- OVA, ovalbumin
- TC, total cholesterol
- TG, triglyceride
- WGA, wheat germ agglutinin
- WT, wild type
- pSmad2/3, phosphorylated small mothers against decapentaplegic 2 and 3
- α-SMA, α-smooth muscle actin
- β-MHC, β-myosin heavy chain
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi Geng
- Department of Pathophysiology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology Institute of Basic Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yufan Feng
- Department of Pathophysiology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology Institute of Basic Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Pathophysiology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology Institute of Basic Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Hongqin Yang
- Department of Pathophysiology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology Institute of Basic Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiwei Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology Institute of Basic Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yaqin Tang
- Department of Pathophysiology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology Institute of Basic Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology Institute of Basic Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
| | - Hongmei Zhao
- Department of Pathophysiology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology Institute of Basic Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
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10
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Wang J, Zhu L, Liu L, Yan X, Xue L, Huang S, Zhang B, Xu T, Ji F, Li C, Ming F, Zhao Y, Cheng J, Chen K, Zhao XA, Sang D, Guan X, Chen X, Yan X, Zhang Z, Liu J, Huang R, Zhu C, Wu C. Clinical features and prognosis of COVID-19 patients with metabolic syndrome: A multicenter, retrospective study. Med Clin (Engl Ed) 2022; 158:458-465. [PMID: 35702719 PMCID: PMC9181760 DOI: 10.1016/j.medcle.2021.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Background Few studies have investigated the impacts of metabolic syndrome (MS) on coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). We described the clinical features and prognosis of confirmed COVID-19 patients with MS during hospitalization and after discharge. Methods Two hundred and thirty-three COVID-19 patients from the hospitals in 8 cities of Jiangsu, China were retrospectively included. Clinical characteristics of COVID-19 patients were described and risk factors of severe illness were analyzed by logistic regression analysis. Results Forty-five (19.3%) of 233 COVID-19 patients had MS. The median age of COVID-19 patients with MS was significantly higher than non-MS patients (53.0 years vs. 46.0 years, P = 0.004). There were no significant differences of clinical symptoms, abnormal chest CT images, and treatment drugs between two groups. More patients with MS had severe illness (33.3% vs. 6.4%, P < 0.001) and critical illness (4.4% vs. 0.5%, P = 0.037) than non-MS patients. The proportions of respiratory failure and acute respiratory distress syndrome in MS patients were also higher than non-MS patients during hospitalization. Multivariate analysis showed that concurrent MS (odds ratio [OR] 7.668, 95% confidence interval [CI] 3.062–19.201, P < 0.001) and lymphopenia (OR 3.315, 95% CI 1.306–8.411, P = 0.012) were independent risk factors of severe illness of COVID-19. At a median follow-up of 28 days after discharge, bilateral pneumonia was found in 95.2% of MS patients, while only 54.7% of non-MS patients presented bilateral pneumonia. Conclusions 19.3% of COVID-19 patients had MS in our study. COVID-19 patients with MS are more likely to develop severe complications and have worse prognosis. More attention should be paid to COVID-19 patients with MS.
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Key Words
- ARDS, acute respiratory distress syndrome
- BMI, body mass index
- COVID-19, coronavirus disease 2019
- Coronavirus disease 2019
- FBG, fasting blood glucose
- ICU, intensive care units
- IQR, interquartile range
- MS, metabolic syndrome
- Metabolic syndrome
- Prognosis
- SARS, severe acute respiratory syndrome
- SARS-CoV-2, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
- TC, total cholesterol
- TG, triglycerides
- WHO, world Health Organization
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Li Zhu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Affiliated Infectious Diseases Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Longgen Liu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Third People's Hospital of Changzhou, Changzhou, China
| | - Xuebing Yan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Leyang Xue
- Department of Critical Medicine, Huai'an No. 4 People's Hospital, Huai'an, China
| | - Songping Huang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Nantong Third People's Hospital, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Biao Zhang
- Department of Quality Control Office, Huai'an No. 4 People's Hospital, Huai'an, China
| | - Tianmin Xu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Third People's Hospital of Changzhou, Changzhou, China
| | - Fang Ji
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Chunyang Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Fang Ming
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Nantong Third People's Hospital, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Yun Zhao
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Third People's Hospital of Yangzhou, Yangzhou, China
| | - Juan Cheng
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Yancheng Second People's Hospital, Yancheng, China
| | - Kang Chen
- Department of Tuberculosis, The Third People's Hospital of Changzhou, Changzhou, China
| | - Xiang-An Zhao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital, Clinical Medical College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Dawen Sang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Yancheng Second People's Hospital, Yancheng, China
| | - Xinying Guan
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Kangda College of Nanjing Medical University, The First People's Hospital of Lianyungang, Lianyungang, China
| | - Xiaobing Chen
- Department of Emergency, The Affiliated Hospital of Kangda College of Nanjing Medical University, The First People's Hospital of Lianyungang, Lianyungang, China
| | - Xiaomin Yan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhaoping Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiacheng Liu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Rui Huang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Chuanwu Zhu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Affiliated Infectious Diseases Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Chao Wu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
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11
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Guo Z, Yang Y, Liao Y, Shi Y, Zhang LJ. Emerging Roles of Adipose Tissue in the Pathogenesis of Psoriasis and Atopic Dermatitis in Obesity. JID Innov 2022; 2:100064. [PMID: 35024685 DOI: 10.1016/j.xjidi.2021.100064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 09/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a growing epidemic worldwide, and it is also considered a major environmental factor contributing to the pathogenesis of inflammatory skin diseases, including psoriasis (PSO) and atopic dermatitis (AD). Moreover, obesity worsens the course and impairs the treatment response of these inflammatory skin diseases. Emerging evidence highlights that hypertrophied adipocytes and infiltrated immune cells secrete a variety of molecules, including fatty acids and adipokines, such as leptin, adiponectin, and a panel of cytokines/chemokines that modulate our immune system. In this review, we describe how adipose hypertrophy leads to a chronic low-grade inflammatory state in obesity and how obesity-related inflammatory factors are involved in the pathogenesis of PSO and/or AD. Finally, we discuss the potential role of antimicrobial peptides, mechanical stress and impairment of epidermal barrier function mediated by fast expansion, and dermal fat in modulating skin inflammation. Together, this review summarizes the current literature on how obesity is associated with the pathogenesis of PSO and AD, highlighting the potentially important but overlooked immunomodulatory role of adipose tissue in the skin.
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Key Words
- AD, atopic dermatitis
- AMP, antimicrobial peptide
- AT, adipose tissue
- BAT, brown adipose tissue
- BMI, body mass index
- CI, confidence interval
- DC, dendritic cell
- DIO, diet-induced obesity
- FFA, free fatty acid
- HFD, high-fat diet
- KC, keratinocyte
- OA, oleic acid
- PA, palmitic acid
- PSO, psoriasis
- SCORAD, SCORing Atopic Dermatitis
- TC, total cholesterol
- TEWL, transepidermal water loss
- TG, triglyceride
- TLR, toll-like receptor
- Th, T helper
- WAT, white adipose tissue
- dFB, dermal fibroblast
- dWAT, dermal white adipose tissue
- sWAT, subcutaneous white adipose tissue
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12
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Wang S, Sheng F, Zou L, Xiao J, Li P. Hyperoside attenuates non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in rats via cholesterol metabolism and bile acid metabolism. J Adv Res 2022; 34:109-122. [PMID: 35024184 PMCID: PMC8655136 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2021.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) results from increased hepatic total cholesterol (TC) and total triglyceride (TG) accumulation. In our previous study, we found that rats treated with hyperoside became resistant to hepatic lipid accumulation. Objectives The present study aims to investigate the possible mechanisms responsible for the inhibitory effects of hyperoside on the lipid accumulation in the liver tissues of the NAFLD rats. Methods Label-free proteomics and metabolomics targeting at bile acid (BA) metabolism were applied to disclose the mechanisms for hyperoside reducing hepatic lipid accumulation among the NAFLD rats. Results In response to hyperoside treatment, several proteins related to the fatty acid degradation pathway, cholesterol metabolism pathway, and bile secretion pathway were altered, including ECI1, Acnat2, ApoE, and BSEP, etc. The expression of nuclear receptors (NRs), including farnesoid X receptor (FXR) and liver X receptor α (LXRα), were increased in hyperoside-treated rats' liver tissue, accompanied by decreased protein expression of catalyzing enzymes in the hepatic de novo lipogenesis and increased protein level of enzymes in the classical and alternative BA synthetic pathway. Liver conjugated BAs were less toxic and more hydrophilic than unconjugated BAs. The BA-targeted metabolomics suggest that hyperoside could decrease the levels of liver unconjugated BAs and increase the levels of liver conjugated BAs. Conclusions Taken together, the results suggest that hyperoside could improve the condition of NAFLD by regulating the cholesterol metabolism as well as BAs metabolism and excretion. These findings contribute to understanding the mechanisms by which hyperoside lowers the cholesterol and triglyceride in NAFLD rats.
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Key Words
- ACC, Acetyl-CoA carboxylase
- AMPK, AMP-activated protein kinase
- Apo, apolipoprotein
- BAs, bile acids
- BSH, bile salt hydrolase
- Bile acid metabolism
- CYP27A1, sterol 27-hydroxylase
- CYP7A1, cholesterol 7α-hydroxylase
- Cholesterol metabolism
- FGF15/19, fibroblast growth factor 15/19
- FXR, farnesoid X receptor
- Hyperoside
- LC-MS, the combination of high-performance liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry
- LXRα, liver X receptor α
- Label-free proteomics
- NAFLD
- NAFLD, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
- PMSF, phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride
- QC, quality control
- SDS, sodium dodecyl sulfate
- SHP, small heterodimer partner
- SREBP1, sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1
- SREBP2, sterol regulatory element-binding protein 2
- SREBPs, sterol regulatory element binding proteins
- TC, total cholesterol
- TG, triglyceride
- TGR5, Takeda G-protein-coupled receptor 5
- Targeted metabolomics
- VLDL, very low-density lipoprotein
- WB, Western blot
- pACC, phosphorylated ACC
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Affiliation(s)
- Songsong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao 999078, China
| | - Feiya Sheng
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao 999078, China
| | - Liang Zou
- School of Medicine, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China
| | - Jianbo Xiao
- Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.,Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Vigo, Vigo, Spain
| | - Peng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao 999078, China
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13
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Mao D, Lau ESH, Wu H, Yang A, Shi M, Fan B, Tam CHT, Chow E, Kong APS, Ma RCW, Luk A, Chan JCN. Risk associations of long-term HbA1c variability and obesity on cancer events and cancer-specific death in 15,286 patients with diabetes - A prospective cohort study. Lancet Reg Health West Pac 2022; 18:100315. [PMID: 35024653 PMCID: PMC8669375 DOI: 10.1016/j.lanwpc.2021.100315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Background Obesity, cancer and diabetes frequently coexist. The association of glycaemic variability (GV) and obesity with cancer events had not been explored in diabetes. Methods In the prospective Hong Kong Diabetes Register cohort (1995-2019), we used cox proportional hazards models to examine the risk associations of GV with all-site cancer (primary outcome) and cause-specific death (secondary outcome). We also explored the joint association of obesity and GV with these outcomes and site-specific cancer. We expressed GV using HbA1c variability score (HVS) defined as percentage of HbA1c values varying by 0.5% compared with values in preceding visit. Findings We included 15,286 patients (type 2 diabetes: n=15,054, type 1 diabetes: n=232) with ≥10 years of diabetes and ≥3 years of observation (51.7% men, age (mean±SD): 61.04±10.73 years, HbA1c: 7.54±1.63%, body mass index [BMI]: 25.65±3.92 kg/m2, all-site cancer events: n=928, cancer death events: n=404). There were non-linear relationships between HVS and outcomes but there was linearity within the high and low HVS groups stratified by the median (IQR) value of HVS (42.31 [27.27, 56.28]). In the high HVS group, the adjusted hazard ratios (aHR) of each SD of HVS was 1.15 (95% CI: 1.04, 1.26) for all-site cancer (n=874). The respective aHRs for breast (n=77), liver (n=117) and colorectal (n=184) cancer were 1.44 (1.07, 1.94), 1.37 (1.08, 1.74), and 1.09 (0.90, 1.32). In the high GV group, the respective aHRs were 1.21 (1.06, 1.39), 1.27 (1.15, 1.40), and 1.15 (1.09, 1.22) for cancer, vascular, and noncancer nonvascular death. When stratified by obesity (BMI ≥25 kg/m2), the high HVS & obese group had the highest aHRs of 1.42 (1.16, 1.73), 2.44 (1.24, 4.82), and 2.63 (1.45, 4.74) respectively for all-site, breast, and liver cancer versus the low GV & non-obese group. The respective aHRs were 1.45 (1.07, 1.96), 1.47 (1.12, 1.93), and 1.35 (1.16, 1.57) for cancer, vascular, and noncancer nonvascular death. Interpretation Obesity and high GV were associated with increased risk of all-site, breast, liver cancer, and cancer-specific death in T2D. Funding The Chinese University of Hong Kong Diabetes Research Fund
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Key Words
- ALT, alanine aminotransferase
- BMI, body mass index
- BP, blood pressure
- CI, confidence interval
- CVD, cardiovascular disease
- EMR, electronic medical record
- GV, glycaemic variability
- HA, Hospital Authority
- HDLC, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol
- HKDR, Hong Kong Diabetes Register
- HR, hazard ratio
- HVS, HbA1c variability score
- IQR, inter‐quartile range
- LDLC, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol
- LLD, lipid lowering drug
- MD, median
- Mn, mean
- OGLDs, oral glucose lowering drugs
- RAS, renin angiotensin system
- SD, standard deviation
- SDIM, SD independent of mean
- T2D, type 2 diabetes
- TC, total cholesterol
- TG, triglyceride
- aHR, adjusted hazard ratio
- cancer and all cause death
- diabetes
- glycaemic variability
- obesity
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Mao
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong SAR China
| | - Eric S H Lau
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong SAR China
| | - Hongjiang Wu
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong SAR China
| | - Aimin Yang
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong SAR China.,Hong Kong Institute of Diabetes and Obesity, The Chinese University of Hong Kong
| | - Mai Shi
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong SAR China
| | - Baoqi Fan
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong SAR China
| | - Claudia H T Tam
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong SAR China
| | - Elaine Chow
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong SAR China.,Hong Kong Institute of Diabetes and Obesity, The Chinese University of Hong Kong.,Phase 1 Clinical Trial Centre, The Chinese University of Hong Kong
| | - Alice P S Kong
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong SAR China.,Hong Kong Institute of Diabetes and Obesity, The Chinese University of Hong Kong.,Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Ronald C W Ma
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong SAR China.,Hong Kong Institute of Diabetes and Obesity, The Chinese University of Hong Kong.,Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Andrea Luk
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong SAR China.,Hong Kong Institute of Diabetes and Obesity, The Chinese University of Hong Kong.,Phase 1 Clinical Trial Centre, The Chinese University of Hong Kong.,Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Juliana C N Chan
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong SAR China.,Hong Kong Institute of Diabetes and Obesity, The Chinese University of Hong Kong.,Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong SAR, China
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Xu L, Yin L, Qi Y, Tan X, Gao M, Peng J. 3D disorganization and rearrangement of genome provide insights into pathogenesis of NAFLD by integrated Hi-C, Nanopore, and RNA sequencing. Acta Pharm Sin B 2021; 11:3150-3164. [PMID: 34729306 PMCID: PMC8546856 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2021.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2020] [Revised: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The three-dimensional (3D) conformation of chromatin is integral to the precise regulation of gene expression. The 3D genome and genomic variations in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) are largely unknown, despite their key roles in cellular function and physiological processes. High-throughput chromosome conformation capture (Hi-C), Nanopore sequencing, and RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) assays were performed on the liver of normal and NAFLD mice. A high-resolution 3D chromatin interaction map was generated to examine different 3D genome hierarchies including A/B compartments, topologically associated domains (TADs), and chromatin loops by Hi-C, and whole genome sequencing identifying structural variations (SVs) and copy number variations (CNVs) by Nanopore sequencing. We identified variations in thousands of regions across the genome with respect to 3D chromatin organization and genomic rearrangements, between normal and NAFLD mice, and revealed gene dysregulation frequently accompanied by these variations. Candidate target genes were identified in NAFLD, impacted by genetic rearrangements and spatial organization disruption. Our data provide a high-resolution 3D genome interaction resource for NAFLD investigations, revealed the relationship among genetic rearrangements, spatial organization disruption, and gene regulation, and identified candidate genes associated with these variations implicated in the pathogenesis of NAFLD. The newly findings offer insights into novel mechanisms of NAFLD pathogenesis and can provide a new conceptual framework for NAFLD therapy.
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Key Words
- 3C, chromosome conformation capture
- 3D genome
- 3D, three-dimensional
- ALT, alanine aminotransferase
- AST, aspartate aminotransferase
- Abcg5, ATP-binding cassette sub-family G member 5
- BWA, Burrows-Wheeler Aligner
- CNV, copy number variation
- Camk1d, calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type 1D
- Chr, chromosome
- Chromatin looping
- DEG, differentially expressed gene
- DEL, deletion
- DI, directionality index
- DUP, duplication
- Elovl6, elongation of very long chain fatty acids protein 6
- FDR, false discovery rate
- FFA, free fatty acid
- Fgfr2, fibroblast growth factor receptor 2
- GCKR, glucokinase regulator
- GO, gene ontology
- GSH, glutathione
- Gadd45g, growth arrest and DNA damage-inducible protein GADD45 gamma
- Grm8, metabotropic glutamate receptor 8
- Gsta1, glutathione S-transferase A1
- H&E, hematoxylin-eosin
- HFD, high-fat diet
- HSD17B13, hydroxysteroid 17-beta dehydrogenase 13
- Hi-C, high-throughput chromosome conformation capture
- IDE, interaction decay exponent
- INS, insertion
- INV, inversion
- IR, inclusion ratio
- IRGM, immunity related GTPase M
- IRS4, insulin receptor substrate 4
- KEGG, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes
- Kcnma1, calcium-activated potassium channel subunit alpha-1
- LPIN1, lipin 1
- MBOAT7, membrane bound O-acyltransferase domain containing 7
- MDA, malondialdehyde
- NAFLD, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
- NF1, neurofibromin 1
- NGS, next-generation sequencing
- NOTCH1, notch receptor 1
- ONT, Oxford Nanopore Technologies
- PCA, principal component analysis
- PNPLA3, patatin like phospholipase domain containing 3
- PPP1R3B, protein phosphatase 1 regulatory subunit 3B
- PTEN, phosphatase and tensin homolog
- Pde4b, phosphodiesterase 4B
- Plce1, 1-phosphat-idylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase epsilon-1
- Plxnb1, Plexin-B1
- RB1, RB transcriptional corepressor 1
- RNA-seq, RNA-sequencing
- SD, standard deviation
- SOD, superoxide dismutase
- SV, structural variation
- Scd1, acyl-CoA desaturase 1
- Sugct, succinate-hydroxymethylglutarate CoA-transferase
- TAD, topologically associated domain
- TC, total cholesterol
- TG, triglyceride
- TM6SF2, transmembrane 6 superfamily member 2
- TP53, tumor protein p53
- TRA, translocation
- Topologically associated domain
- Transcriptome
- WGS, whole-genome sequencing
- Whole-genome sequencing
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Tang G, Li S, Zhang C, Chen H, Wang N, Feng Y. Clinical efficacies, underlying mechanisms and molecular targets of Chinese medicines for diabetic nephropathy treatment and management. Acta Pharm Sin B 2021; 11:2749-67. [PMID: 34589395 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2020.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Revised: 10/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) has been recognized as a severe complication of diabetes mellitus and a dominant pathogeny of end-stage kidney disease, which causes serious health problems and great financial burden to human society worldwide. Conventional strategies, such as renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system blockade, blood glucose level control, and bodyweight reduction, may not achieve satisfactory outcomes in many clinical practices for DN management. Notably, due to the multi-target function, Chinese medicine possesses promising clinical benefits as primary or alternative therapies for DN treatment. Increasing studies have emphasized identifying bioactive compounds and molecular mechanisms of reno-protective effects of Chinese medicines. Signaling pathways involved in glucose/lipid metabolism regulation, antioxidation, anti-inflammation, anti-fibrosis, and podocyte protection have been identified as crucial mechanisms of action. Herein, we summarize the clinical efficacies of Chinese medicines and their bioactive components in treating and managing DN after reviewing the results demonstrated in clinical trials, systematic reviews, and meta-analyses, with a thorough discussion on the relative underlying mechanisms and molecular targets reported in animal and cellular experiments. We aim to provide comprehensive insights into the protective effects of Chinese medicines against DN.
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Key Words
- ACEI, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor
- ADE, adverse event
- AGEs, advanced glycation end-products
- AM, mesangial area
- AMPKα, adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase α
- ARB, angiotensin receptor blocker
- AREs, antioxidant response elements
- ATK, protein kinase B
- BAX, BCL-2-associated X protein
- BCL-2, B-cell lymphoma 2
- BCL-XL, B-cell lymphoma-extra large
- BMP-7, bone morphogenetic protein-7
- BUN, blood urea nitrogen
- BW, body weight
- C, control group
- CCR, creatinine clearance rate
- CD2AP, CD2-associated protein
- CHOP, C/EBP homologous protein
- CI, confidence interval
- COL-I/IV, collagen I/IV
- CRP, C-reactive protein
- CTGF, connective tissue growth factor
- Chinese medicine
- D, duration
- DAG, diacylglycerol
- DG, glomerular diameter
- DKD, diabetic kidney disease
- DM, diabetes mellitus
- DN, diabetic nephropathy
- Diabetic kidney disease
- Diabetic nephropathy
- EMT, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition
- EP, E-prostanoid receptor
- ER, endoplasmic reticulum
- ESRD, end-stage renal disease
- ET-1, endothelin-1
- ETAR, endothelium A receptor
- FBG, fasting blood glucose
- FN, fibronectin
- GCK, glucokinase
- GCLC, glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit
- GFR, glomerular filtration rate
- GLUT4, glucose transporter type 4
- GPX, glutathione peroxidase
- GRB 10, growth factor receptor-bound protein 10
- GRP78, glucose-regulated protein 78
- GSK-3, glycogen synthase kinase 3
- Gαq, Gq protein alpha subunit
- HDL-C, high density lipoprotein-cholesterol
- HO-1, heme oxygenase-1
- HbA1c, glycosylated hemoglobin
- Herbal medicine
- ICAM-1, intercellular adhesion molecule-1
- IGF-1, insulin-like growth factor 1
- IGF-1R, insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor
- IKK-β, IκB kinase β
- IL-1β/6, interleukin 1β/6
- IR, insulin receptor
- IRE-1α, inositol-requiring enzyme-1α
- IRS, insulin receptor substrate
- IκB-α, inhibitory protein α
- JAK, Janus kinase
- JNK, c-Jun N-terminal kinase
- LC3, microtubule-associated protein light chain 3
- LDL, low-density lipoprotein
- LDL-C, low density lipoprotein-cholesterol
- LOX1, lectin-like oxidized LDL receptor 1
- MAPK, mitogen-activated protein kinase
- MCP-1, monocyte chemotactic protein-1
- MD, mean difference
- MDA, malondialdehyde
- MMP-2, matrix metallopeptidase 2
- MYD88, myeloid differentiation primary response 88
- Molecular target
- N/A, not applicable
- N/O, not observed
- N/R, not reported
- NF-κB, nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells
- NOX-4, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate-oxidase-4
- NQO1, NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase 1
- NRF2, nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2
- OCP, oxidative carbonyl protein
- ORP150, 150-kDa oxygen-regulated protein
- P70S6K, 70-kDa ribosomal protein S6 kinase
- PAI-1, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1
- PARP, poly(ADP-Ribose) polymerase
- PBG, postprandial blood glucose
- PERK, protein kinase RNA-like eukaryotic initiation factor 2A kinase
- PGC-1α, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1α
- PGE2, prostaglandin E2
- PI3K, phosphatidylinositol 3 kinases
- PINK1, PTEN-induced putative kinase 1
- PKC, protein kinase C
- PTEN, phosphatase and tensin homolog
- RAGE, receptors of AGE
- RASI, renin-angiotensin system inhibitor
- RCT, randomized clinical trial
- ROS, reactive oxygen species
- SCr, serum creatinine
- SD, standard deviation
- SD-rat, Sprague–Dawley rat
- SIRT1, sirtuin 1
- SMAD, small mothers against decapentaplegic
- SMD, standard mean difference
- SMURF-2, SMAD ubiquitination regulatory factor 2
- SOCS, suppressor of cytokine signaling proteins
- SOD, superoxide dismutase
- STAT, signal transducers and activators of transcription
- STZ, streptozotocin
- Signaling pathway
- T, treatment group
- TBARS, thiobarbituric acid-reactive substance
- TC, total cholesterol
- TCM, traditional Chinese medicine
- TFEB, transcription factor EB
- TG, triglyceride
- TGBM, thickness of glomerular basement membrane
- TGF-β, tumor growth factor β
- TGFβR-I/II, TGF-β receptor I/II
- TII, tubulointerstitial injury index
- TLR-2/4, toll-like receptor 2/4
- TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor α
- TRAF5, tumor-necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 5
- UACR, urinary albumin to creatinine ratio
- UAER, urinary albumin excretion rate
- UMA, urinary microalbumin
- UP, urinary protein
- VCAM-1, vascular cell adhesion molecule-1
- VEGF, vascular endothelial growth factor
- WMD, weight mean difference
- XBP-1, spliced X box-binding protein 1
- cAMP, cyclic adenosine monophosphate
- eGFR, estimated GFR
- eIF2α, eukaryotic initiation factor 2α
- mTOR, mammalian target of rapamycin
- p-IRS1, phospho-IRS1
- p62, sequestosome 1 protein
- α-SMA, α smooth muscle actin
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Entezari MR, Talenezhad N, Mirzavandi F, Rahimpour S, Mozaffari-Khosravi H, Fallahzadeh H, Hosseinzadeh M. Mediterranean dietary pattern and non-alcoholic fatty liver diseases: a case-control study. J Nutr Sci 2021; 10:e55. [PMID: 34367629 DOI: 10.1017/jns.2021.43] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The Mediterranean (MED) diet was associated with a reduced risk of chronic disease, but the epidemiological studies reported inconsistent findings related to the MED diet and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) risk. This age and the gender-matched case-control study were conducted among 247 adult patients. The MED diet score was obtained based on the Trichopoulou model. Multivariate logistic regression was used to examine the association between the MED diet and NAFLD risk. NAFLD prevalence in people with low, moderate and high adherence to the MED diet was 33, 13⋅1 and 4⋅6 %, respectively. The increasing intake of the MED diet was significantly related to the increment intake of nuts and fruits, vegetables, monounsaturated fatty acid/polyunsaturated fatty acid ratio, legumes, cereals and fish. However, total energy consumption, low-fat dairy and meats intake were reduced (P for all < 0⋅05). Following control for age, the person in the highest of the MED diet tertile compared with the lowest, the odds of NAFLD decreased (OR: 0⋅40, 95 % CI: 0⋅17-0⋅95). This relation became a little stronger after further adjusting for sex, diabetes, physical activity and supplement intake (OR: 0⋅36, 95 % CI: 0⋅15-0⋅89). However, this association disappeared after adjusting for body mass index, waist and hip circumference (OR: 0⋅70, 95 % CI: 0⋅25-1⋅97). High adherence to the MED diet was associated with a 64 % reduction in NAFLD odds before some anthropometric variable adjustments. However, further prospective studies are required, particularly in BMI-stratified models.
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Chaiwong S, Chatturong U, Chanasong R, Deetud W, To-on K, Puntheeranurak S, Chulikorn E, Kajsongkram T, Raksanoh V, Chinda K, Limpeanchob N, Trisat K, Somran J, Nuengchamnong N, Prajumwong P, Chootip K. Dried mulberry fruit ameliorates cardiovascular and liver histopathological changes in high-fat diet-induced hyperlipidemic mice. J Tradit Complement Med 2021; 11:356-368. [PMID: 34195030 PMCID: PMC8240167 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcme.2021.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Revised: 02/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Metabolic disease encompasses most contemporary non-communicable diseases, especially cardiovascular and fatty liver disease. Mulberry fruits of Morus alba L. are a favoured food and a traditional medicine. While they are anti-atherosclerotic and reduce hyperlipidemic risk factors, studies need wider scope that include ameliorating cardiovascular and liver pathologies if they are to become clinically effective treatments. Therefore, the present study sought to show that freshly dried mulberry fruits (dMF) might counteract the metabolic/cardiovascular pathologies in mice made hyperlipidemic by high-fat diet (HF). EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE C57BL/6J mice were fed for 3 months with either: i) control diet, ii) HF, iii) HF+100 mg/kg dMF, or iv) HF+300 mg/kg dMF. Body weight gain, food intake, visceral fat accumulation, fasting blood glucose, plasma lipids, and aortic, heart, and liver histopathologies were evaluated. Adipocyte lipid accumulation, autophagy, and bile acid binding were also investigated. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION HF increased food intake, body weight, visceral fat, plasma total cholesterol (TC) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL), TC/HDL ratio, blood glucose, aortic collagen, arterial and cardiac wall thickness, and liver lipid. Both dMF doses prevented hyperphagia, body weight gain, and visceral fat accumulation, lowered blood glucose, plasma TG and unfavourable TC/HDL and elevated plasma HDL beyond baseline. Arterial and cardiac wall hypertrophy, aortic collagen fibre accumulation and liver lipid deposition ameliorated in dMF-fed mice. Clinical trials on dMF are worthwhile but outcomes should be holistic commensurate with the constellation of disease risks. Here, dMF should supplement the switch to nutrient-rich from current energy-dense diets that are progressively crippling national health systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suriya Chaiwong
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Science and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand
| | - Usana Chatturong
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Science and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand
| | - Rachanee Chanasong
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medical Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand
| | - Watcharakorn Deetud
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Science and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand
| | - Kittiwoot To-on
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Science and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand
| | - Supaporn Puntheeranurak
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Science and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand
| | - Ekarin Chulikorn
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medical Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand
| | - Tanwarat Kajsongkram
- Expert Center of Innovative Herbal Products, Thailand Institute of Scientific and Technological Research, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Veerada Raksanoh
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Science and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand
| | - Kroekkiat Chinda
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Science and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand
| | - Nanteetip Limpeanchob
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Pharmacological Research Unit, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand
| | - Kanittaporn Trisat
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Pharmacological Research Unit, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand
| | - Julintorn Somran
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand
| | - Nitra Nuengchamnong
- Science Laboratory Centre, Faculty of Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand
| | - Piya Prajumwong
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Science and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand
| | - Krongkarn Chootip
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Science and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand
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Osaka M, Deushi M, Aoyama J, Funakoshi T, Ishigami A, Yoshida M. High-Fat Diet Enhances Neutrophil Adhesion in LDLR-Null Mice Via Hypercitrullination of Histone H3. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 6:507-523. [PMID: 34222722 PMCID: PMC8246031 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacbts.2021.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Neutrophil adhesion on the atheroprone femoral artery of high-fat diet-fed low-density lipoprotein receptor-null mice was enhanced more than in wild-type mice. The inhibition of histone H3 citrullination of neutrophils reversed the enhancement of neutrophil adhesion, suggesting that hypercitrullination contributes to enhanced neutrophil adhesion. Furthermore, pemafibrate reduced the citrullination of histone H3 in these mice. Therefore, the hypercitrullination of histone H3 in neutrophils contributes to atherosclerotic vascular inflammation.
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Key Words
- BM, bone marrow
- BW, body weight
- DNaseI, deoxyribonuclease I
- GM-CSF, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor
- HFD, high-fat diet
- HUVECs, human umbilical vein endothelial cells
- IVM, intravital microscopy
- LDLR, low-density lipoprotein receptor
- LysM, lysosome M
- MPO, myeloperoxidase
- NC, normal chow
- NE, neutrophil elastase
- NET, neutrophil extracellular trap
- PAD4, peptidylarginine deiminase 4
- PPAR, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor
- TC, total cholesterol
- TDFA, N-acetyl-l-threonyl-l-α-aspartyl-N5-(2-fluoro-1-iminoethyl)-l-ornithinamide trifluoroacetate salt
- TG, triglyceride
- citrullination
- cxcl1
- eGFP, enhanced green fluorescent protein
- in vivo imaging
- neutrophil
- vascular inflammation
- wt, wild type
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Affiliation(s)
- Mizuko Osaka
- Department of Life Science and Bioethics, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Nutrition and Metabolism in Cardiovascular Disease, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Michiyo Deushi
- Department of Life Science and Bioethics, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jiro Aoyama
- Department of Life Science and Bioethics, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomoko Funakoshi
- Research Team for Functional Biogerontology, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Physiology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akihito Ishigami
- Research Team for Functional Biogerontology, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masayuki Yoshida
- Department of Life Science and Bioethics, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
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Huang CF, Chen A, Lin SY, Cheng ML, Shiao MS, Mao TY. A metabolomics approach to investigate the proceedings of mitochondrial dysfunction in rats from prediabetes to diabetes. Saudi J Biol Sci 2021; 28:4762-9. [PMID: 34354464 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2021.04.091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a leading cause of preventable cardiovascular disease, but the metabolic changes from prediabetes to diabetes have not been fully clarified. This study implemented a metabolomics profiling platform to investigate the variations of metabolites and to elucidate their global profiling from metabolic syndrome to DM. Methods: Male Sprague-Dawley rats (n = 44) were divided into four groups. Three groups were separately fed with a normal diet, a high-fructose diet (HF), or a high-fat (HL) diet while one group was treated with streptozotocin. The HF and HL diet were meant to induce insulin resistance, obesity, and dyslipidemia, which known to induce DM. Results: The most significant metabolic variations in the DM group’s urine samples were the reduced release of citric acid cycle intermediates, the increase in acylcarnitines, and the decrease in urea excretion, all of which indicated energy metabolism abnormalities and mitochondrial dysfunction. Overall, the metabolic analysis revealed tryptophan metabolic pathway variations in the prediabetic phase, even though the mitochondrial function remains unaffected. Conclusion: This study show that widespread methylations and impaired tryptophan metabolism occur in metabolic syndrome and are then followed by a decline in citric acid cycle intermediates, indicating mitochondrial dysfunction in diabetes.
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Key Words
- CAN, acetonitrile
- DM, diabetes mellitus
- Diabetes
- GOT, glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase
- GPT, glutamate pyruvate transaminase
- HF, high-fructose
- HL, high-fat
- HMDB, human metabolome database
- KEGG, kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes
- LC-MS, liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry
- Metabolic syndrome
- Metabolomics
- Methylation
- Mitochondrial dysfunction
- PCA, principal component analysis
- Prediabetes
- STZ, streptozotocin
- TC, total cholesterol
- TG, triacylglycerol
- Tryptophan
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Luo G, Li Z, Lin X, Li X, Chen Y, Xi K, Xiao M, Wei H, Zhu L, Xiang H. Discovery of an orally active VHL-recruiting PROTAC that achieves robust HMGCR degradation and potent hypolipidemic activity in vivo. Acta Pharm Sin B 2021; 11:1300-14. [PMID: 34094835 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2020.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2020] [Revised: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
HMG-CoA reductase (HMGCR) protein is usually upregulated after statin (HMGCR inhibitor) treatment, which inevitably diminishes its therapeutic efficacy, provoking the need for higher doses associated with adverse effects. The proteolysis targeting chimera (PROTAC) technology has recently emerged as a powerful approach for inducing protein degradation. Nonetheless, due to their bifunctional nature, developing orally bioavailable PROTACs remains a great challenge. Herein, we identified a powerful HMGCR-targeted PROTAC (21c) comprising a VHL ligand conjugated to lovastatin acid that potently degrades HMGCR in Insig-silenced HepG2 cells (DC50 = 120 nmol/L) and forms a stable ternary complex, as predicated by a holistic modeling protocol. Most importantly, oral administration of the corresponding lactone 21b reveled favorable plasma exposures referring to both the parent 21b and the conversed acid 21c. Further in vivo studies of 21b demonstrated robust HMGCR degradation and potent cholesterol reduction in mice with diet-induced hypercholesterolemia, highlighting a promising strategy for treating hyperlipidemia and associated diseases.
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Key Words
- CRBN, cereblon
- CVD, cardiovascular disease
- Cholesterol reduction
- DC50, half degradation concentration
- ER, endoplasmic reticulum
- H&E, hematoxylin/eosin
- HDAC, histone deacetylase
- HMGCR
- HMGCR, 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase
- LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol
- MFD, medium fat diet
- ORO, oil-red O
- Oral bioavailability
- PK, pharmacokinetic
- PROTAC, proteolysis-targeting chimera
- PROTACs
- SAR, structure–activity relationship
- TC, total cholesterol
- TG, triglyceride
- VHL, von Hippel-Lindau
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Kayamori Y, Nakamura M, Kishi K, Miida T, Nishimura K, Okamura T, Hirayama S, Ohmura H, Yoshida H, Ai M, Tanaka A, Sumino H, Murakami M, Inoue I, Teramoto T, Yokoyama S. Comparison of the Japan Society of Clinical Chemistry reference method and CDC method for HDL and LDL cholesterol measurements using fresh sera. Pract Lab Med 2021; 25:e00228. [PMID: 34095414 PMCID: PMC8145738 DOI: 10.1016/j.plabm.2021.e00228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives In 2009, the Japan Society of Clinical Chemistry (JSCC) recommended a reference method for the measurement of serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels. This automated method uses cholesterol esterase-cholesterol dehydrogenase to measure cholesterol levels in fractions obtained after ultracentrifugation and dextran sulfate/magnesium chloride precipitation. In the present study, using fresh samples, we compared the LDL-C and HDL-C levels measured using this method with those measured using the traditional Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)-beta-quantification (BQ) method. Design and methods: Using both the JSCC and CDC-BQ methods, LDL-C/HDL-C levels were measured in 47 non-diseased and 126 diseased subjects, whose triglyceride levels were lower than 11.29 mmol/L (1000 mg/dL). Results For LDL-C, the equation of the line representing the correlation between the two methods was y = 0.991x + 0.009 mmol/L; r = 0.999; and Sy/x = 0.025 mmol/L, where x is the mean LDL-C level measured using the CDC-BQ method. Similarly, for HDL-C, the equation of the line representing the correlation between the two methods was y = 0.988x + 0.041 mmol/L, r = 0.999, and Sy/x = 0.019 mmol/L, where x is the mean HDL-C level measured using the CDC-BQ method. Conclusions The JSCC method agreed with the CDC-BQ method in cases of both non-diseased and diseased subjects, including those with dyslipidemia. Using both the JSCC and BQ methods, LDL-C/HDL-C levels were measured. The JSCC method agrees with the BQ method. The JSCC reference method is an accurate, simple, and automatable method. The JSCC method is suitable for quantitative analysis of LDL-C and HDL-C levels.
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Key Words
- AK, Abell-Kendall
- BFr-C, bottom fraction-cholesterol
- BQ, beta-quantification
- Beta-quantification
- CD, cholesterol dehydrogenase
- CDC, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
- CHE, cholesterol esterase
- Cholesterol dehydrogenase
- DM, n-dodecyl-β-maltopyranoside
- EDDA, ethylenediamine-N,N′-diacetic acid
- EDTA·2Na, ethylenediamine-N,N′,N′,N′-tetraacetic acid, disodium salt, dihydrate
- HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol
- HDL-cholesterol
- HEPES, 2-[4-(2-hydroxyethyl)-1-piperazinyl] ethanesulfonic acid
- Homogeneous assay
- LB, Liebermann-Burchard
- LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol
- LDL-cholesterol
- NIST, National Institute of Standards and Technology
- Reference method
- SRM, Standard Reference Material
- Syx, standard deviation of the regression line
- TC, total cholesterol
- TG, triglycerides
- apo, apolipoprotein
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuzo Kayamori
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1, Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka City, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Masakazu Nakamura
- Department of Preventive Cardiology, Lipid Reference Laboratory, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, 6-1 Kishibe-Shimmachi, Suita, Osaka, 564-8565, Japan (retired in 2018)
| | - Koji Kishi
- Bio-Reagent Material Development, Bio-Diagnostic Reagent Technology Center, Sysmex Corporation, 1-1-2, Murotani, Nishi-ku, Kobe, 651-2241, Japan
| | - Takashi Miida
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Kunihiro Nishimura
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Epidemiologic Informatics, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, 6-1 Kishibe-Shimmachi, Suita, Osaka, 564-8565, Japan
| | - Tomonori Okamura
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Keio University Graduate School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Satoshi Hirayama
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Hirotoshi Ohmura
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Yoshida
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Jikei University Kashiwa Hospital, 161-1 Kashiwashita, Kashiwa City, Ciba, 277-8567, Japan
| | - Masumi Ai
- Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Medical Hospital, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan
| | - Akira Tanaka
- Nutrition Clinic, Kagawa Nutrition University, 3-9-21 Chiyoda, Sakado City, Saitama, 350-0288, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Sumino
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-22 Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma, 371-8511, Japan
| | - Masami Murakami
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-22 Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma, 371-8511, Japan
| | - Ikuo Inoue
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Saitama Medical University, 38 Morohongo, Moroyama-machi, Iruma-gun, Saitama, 350-0495, Japan
| | - Tamio Teramoto
- Teikyo Academic Research Center, Teikyo University, 2-11-1 Kaga, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-8605, Japan
| | - Shinji Yokoyama
- Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Practice Center for Registered Dietitian, Chubu University, 1200 Matsumoto-cho, Kasugai, Aichi, 487-8501, Japan
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22
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Vartela V, Armenis I, Leivadarou D, Toutouzas K, Makrilakis K, Athanassopoulos GD, Karatasakis G, Kolovou G, Mavrogeni S, Perrea D. Reduced global longitudinal strain at rest and inadequate blood pressure response during exercise treadmill testing in male heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia patients. Int J Cardiol Hypertens 2021; 9:100083. [PMID: 34095810 PMCID: PMC8167294 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijchy.2021.100083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Background Heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia (heFH) is a genetic disorder leading to premature coronary artery disease (CAD). We hypothesized that the subclinical pathophysiologic consequences of hypercholesterolemia may be detected before the occurrence of clinically overt CAD by stress testing and myocardial strain imaging. Patients-methods We evaluated the treadmill tests (ETTs) of 46 heFH men without known arterial hypertension/diabetes mellitus/vasculopathy like CAD and of 39 healthy men matched for age, baseline systolic/diastolic blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR), using Bruce protocol. Global longitudinal strain (GLS) of the left ventricle (LV) additionally to ejection fraction was obtained. Results heFH men reached a significantly higher peak systolic and diastolic BP compared to controls (p = 0.002 and p < 0.001, respectively). Mean rate pressure product was significantly higher in heFH patients (p = 0.038). Both duration of the ETT and workload in metabolic equivalents was lower in the heFH group (p < 0.001 and p < 0.001, respectively). Baseline to peak rise of systolic and diastolic BP in heFH men was higher (p = 0.008 and p < 0.001 for systolic and diastolic BP, respectively). Furthermore, heFH men had higher rise of HR from baseline to peak, compared to controls; (p = 0.047). GLS in heHF men was slightly decreased (p = 0.014), although the ejection fraction was similar in both groups. Conclusion heFH men have a higher rise in systolic/diastolic BP during ETT, which may reflect early, preclinical hypertension. Furthermore, slight impairment of LV GLS is present, despite the absence of apparent myocardial dysfunction in conventional 2D echocardiography.
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Key Words
- Arterial blood pressure
- BP, blood pressure
- CAD, coronary artery disease
- Coronary artery disease
- DBP, diastolic blood pressure
- EDV, end-diastolic volume
- ESV, end-systolic volume
- ETT, Exercise treadmill test
- Exercise treadmill test
- FH, Familial hypercholesterolemia
- GLS, Global longitudinal strain
- Global longitudinal strain
- HDL, high density lipoprotein
- HR, heart rate
- Heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia
- LDL, low-density lipoprotein
- LV, left ventricle
- LVEF, LV ejection fraction
- METs, metabolic equivalents
- RPP, rate pressure product
- SBP, systolic blood pressure
- TC, total cholesterol
- TG, triglyceride
- heFH, heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia
- hoFH, homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasiliki Vartela
- Onassis Cardiac Surgery Center, Department of Cardiology, Athens, Greece
| | - Iakovos Armenis
- Onassis Cardiac Surgery Center, Department of Cardiology, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Konstantinos Toutouzas
- National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, Greece.,Hippokration Hospital, First Department of Cardiology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Makrilakis
- Internal Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Greece.,Hellenic Diabetes Association, Athens, Greece.,Laikon Hospital, First Department of Propaedeutic Internal Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | | | - George Karatasakis
- Onassis Cardiac Surgery Center, Department of Cardiology, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Sophia Mavrogeni
- Onassis Cardiac Surgery Center, Department of Cardiology, Athens, Greece
| | - Despina Perrea
- National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Division of Experimental Surgery, Greece
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23
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Mizushima R, Nakata Y, Sasai H, Zuo X, Maeda S, Tanaka K. Comparison between volunteer- and expert-led versions of a community-based weight-loss intervention. Prev Med Rep 2021; 22:101370. [PMID: 33854907 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2021.101370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
We compared the effects of volunteer- and expert-led weight-loss intervention. Participants were instructed to maintain a well-balanced, low-energy diet. The completion proportions was significantly higher in the expert-led group. The degree of body weight change was similar for both groups. Such programs could be an alternative strategy for low-cost obesity management.
This study compared the effect of volunteer- and expert-led versions of a community-based weight-loss intervention in a non-randomized comparative trial conducted in Ibaraki, Japan from 2016 to 2017. Participants were 145 Japanese adults with overweightness or obesity, aged 20–69 years, with 77 in a volunteer-led group and 68 in an expert-led group. Both groups received the same program content and intervention period. Community volunteers were trained in four or five 3-hour training sessions while experts were highly trained and experienced professionals in the fields of exercise and nutrition prescription. Participants were also instructed to maintain a well-balanced, low-energy diet. The primary outcome measure was body weight change. In the volunteer- and expert-led groups, 58 of 77 (75%) and 61 of 68 (95%) participants completed the 12-week intervention, respectively. The mean (95% confidence interval, CI) weight loss of the volunteer-led group was 6.4 (95% CI: 5.6–7.2) kg, corresponding to 8.9% of initial body weight, while that of the expert-led group was 6.3 (95% CI: 5.5–7.1) kg, corresponding to 8.2% of the initial body weight. The proportion of participants who completed the course was significantly higher in the expert-led group (P < 0.05); however, the degree of the body weight change was similar for both groups. With improvement in the completion proportion of the volunteer-led weight-loss interventions, such programs could be an alternative strategy for the wide-scale dissemination of low-cost obesity management.
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Key Words
- BMI, body mass index
- BOCF, baseline observation carried forward
- Body weight
- CHW, community health worker
- CI, confidence interval
- Community-based
- DPP, Diabetes Prevention Program
- FG, food group
- HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol
- LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol
- MVPA, moderate to vigorous physical activity
- Obesity
- TC, total cholesterol
- UMIN, University Hospital Medical Information Network
- Weight-loss program
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24
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Luo P, Zheng M, Zhang R, Zhang H, Liu Y, Li W, Sun X, Yu Q, Tipoe GL, Xiao J. S-Allylmercaptocysteine improves alcoholic liver disease partly through a direct modulation of insulin receptor signaling. Acta Pharm Sin B 2021; 11:668-679. [PMID: 33777674 PMCID: PMC7982498 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2020.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) causes insulin resistance, lipid metabolism dysfunction, and inflammation. We investigated the protective effects and direct regulating target of S-allylmercaptocysteine (SAMC) from aged garlic on liver cell injury. A chronic ethanol-fed ALD in vivo model (the NIAAA model) was used to test the protective functions of SAMC. It was observed that SAMC (300 mg/kg, by gavage method) effectively ameliorated ALD-induced body weight reduction, steatosis, insulin resistance, and inflammation without affecting the health status of the control mice, as demonstrated by histological, biochemical, and molecular biology assays. By using biophysical assays and molecular docking, we demonstrated that SAMC directly targeted insulin receptor (INSR) protein on the cell membrane and then restored downstream IRS-1/AKT/GSK3β signaling. Liver-specific knock-down in mice and siRNA-mediated knock-down in AML-12 cells of Insr significantly impaired SAMC (250 μmol/L in cells)-mediated protection. Restoration of the IRS-1/AKT signaling partly recovered hepatic injury and further contributed to SAMC's beneficial effects. Continuous administration of AKT agonist and recombinant IGF-1 in combination with SAMC showed hepato-protection in the mice model. Long-term (90-day) administration of SAMC had no obvious adverse effect on healthy mice. We conclude that SAMC is an effective and safe hepato-protective complimentary agent against ALD partly through the direct binding of INSR and partial regulation of the IRS-1/AKT/GSK3β pathway.
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Key Words
- ADIPOQ, adiponectin
- AKT
- ALD, alcoholic liver disease
- ALDH2, aldehyde dehydrogenase 2
- ALT, alanine aminotransferase
- AMPK, adenosine 5′-monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase
- AST, aspartate aminotransferase
- ATGL, adipose triglyceride lipase
- Alcoholic liver disease
- CPT1, carnitine palmitoyltransferase I
- CYP2E1, cytochrome P450 2E1
- FDA, U.S. Food and Drug Administration
- FFA, free fatty acids
- GRB14, growth factor receptor-bound protein 14
- GSK3β
- GSK3β, glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta
- GTT, glucose tolerance test
- HSL, hormone sensitive lipase
- IGF-1, insulin-like growth factors-1
- IL, interleukin
- INSR, insulin receptor
- IRS, insulin receptor substrate
- IRS-1
- IRTK, insulin receptor tyrosine kinase
- Insulin receptor
- Insulin resistance
- LDLR, low-density lipoprotein receptor
- LRP6, low-density lipoprotein receptor related protein 6
- MTT, 3-(4,5-dimethyl-thiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-tetrazolium bromide
- NAC, N-acetyl-cysteine
- NAFLD, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
- NAS, NAFLD activity score
- NF-κB, nuclear factor kappa B
- NIAAA, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism
- NRF2, nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2
- ORF, open reading frame
- PA, palmitate acid
- PPARα, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha
- RER, respiratory exchange ratio
- S-Allylmercaptocysteine
- SAMC, S-allylmercaptocysteine
- SPR, surface plasmon resonance
- SREBP-1c, sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1c
- Safety
- TC, total cholesterol
- TCF/LEF, T-cell factor/lymphoid enhancer factor
- TG, triglyceride
- TNF, tumor necrosis factor
- TSA, thermal shift assay
- WAT, white adipose tissues
- WT, wild-type
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25
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Greish SM, Abdel Kader GS, Abdelaziz EZ, Eltamany DA, Sallam HS, Abogresha NM. Lycopene is superior to moringa in improving fertility markers in diet-induced obesity male rats. Saudi J Biol Sci 2021; 28:2956-2963. [PMID: 34025172 PMCID: PMC8117045 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2021.02.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2020] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity contributes to male infertility. Can lycopene or moringa improve male infertility? Tested in a rodent model of diet-induced obesity. Lycopene was superior to Moringa in improving male fertility parameters.
Obesity is a condition of chronic tissue inflammation and oxidative stress that poses as a risk factor for male infertility. Moringa oleifera oil extract is known to have cholesterol-lowering properties and a potential to treat obesity, while lycopene is a potent antioxidant. We hypothesize that Moringa or lycopene may improve male fertility markers in an animal model of diet-induced obesity. Male Albino rats (n = 60) were randomized to receive regular chow (RC) or high-fat diet (HFD) for 12 weeks (n = 30 each). Animals in each arm were further randomized to receive gavage treatment with corn oil (vehicle), lycopene (10 mg/kg), or Moringa (400 mg/kg) for four weeks starting on week 9 (n = 10 each). Animals were sacrificed at 12 weeks, and blood was collected to assess lipid profile, serum testosterone, and gonadotropin levels. The testes and epididymides were removed for sperm analysis, oxidative stress and inflammatory markers, and histopathological assessment. In comparison to their RC littermates, animals on HFD showed an increase in body weights, serum lipids, testosterone and gonadotrophin levels, testicular oxidative stress and inflammatory markers, as well as sperm abnormalities and disrupted testicular histology. Moringa or lycopene reduced body weight, improved oxidative stress, and male fertility markers in HFD-fed animals with lycopene exhibiting better anti-antioxidant and anti-lipidemic effects. Lycopene is superior to Moringa in improving male fertility parameters, possibly by attenuating oxidative stress.
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Key Words
- FSH, follicle-stimulating hormone
- Fertility
- GSH, reduced glutathione
- H&E, hematoxylin and eosin
- HDL, high-density lipoprotein
- HFD, high-fat diet
- HMG-Co-A, β-Hydroxy β-methylglutaryl-CoA
- IHC, immunohistochemistry
- LDL, low-density lipoprotein
- LH, Luteinizing hormone
- LY, lycopene
- Lycopene
- MDA, malondialdehyde
- MO, moringa
- Moringa
- NE, Eosin-Nigrosin
- Obesity
- Oxidative stress
- PBS, phosphate buffered saline
- RC, regular chow
- ROS, reactive oxygen species
- SOD, superoxide dismutase
- TC, total cholesterol
- VLDL, very low-density lipoprotein
- iNOS, inducible nitric oxide synthase
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahar M Greish
- Physiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt.,Medical Science Department, School of Oral and Dental Medicine, Badr University in Cairo, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ghada S Abdel Kader
- Human Anatomy and Embryology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Eman Z Abdelaziz
- Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Dalia A Eltamany
- Nutrition and Food Science, Home Economic Department, Faculty of Education, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Hanaa S Sallam
- Physiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt.,Endocrinology Division, Internal Medicine Department, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Noha M Abogresha
- Physiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
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26
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Cheng CK, Wang C, Shang W, Lau CW, Luo JY, Wang L, Huang Y. A high methionine and low folate diet alters glucose homeostasis and gut microbiome. Biochem Biophys Rep 2021; 25:100921. [PMID: 33537464 PMCID: PMC7838713 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2021.100921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Revised: 01/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy) is considered as a risk factor for several complications, including cardiovascular and neurological disorders. A high methionine low folate (HMLF) diet chronically causes HHcy by accumulating homocysteine in the systemic circulation. Elevated Hcy level is also associated with the incidence of diabetes mellitus. However, very few studies focus on the impact of HMLF diet on glucose homeostasis, and that on gut microbiome profile. HHcy was induced by feeding C57BL/6 mice a HMLF diet for 8 weeks. The HMLF diet feeding resulted in a progressive body weight loss, and development of slight glucose intolerance and insulin resistance in HHcy mice. Notably, the HMLF diet alters the gut microbiome profile and increases the relative abundance of porphyromonadaceae family of bacteria in HHcy mice. These findings provide new insights into the roles of dysregulated glucose homeostasis and gut flora in the pathogenesis of HHcy-related complications.
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Key Words
- 16S rRNA sequencing
- Glucose homeostasis
- Gut microbiome
- HDL, high-density lipoprotein
- HHcy, hyperhomocysteinemia
- HMLF diet
- HMLF, high methionine low folate
- Hcy, homocysteine
- Hyperhomocysteinemia
- LEfSe, linear discriminant analysis effect size
- NAFLD, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
- NMDS, non-metric multi-dimensional scaling
- OTU, operational taxonomic unit
- PCA, principal component analysis
- Porphyromonadaceae
- SCFA, short-chain fatty acids
- TC, total cholesterol
- TG, triglyceride
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Affiliation(s)
- Chak Kwong Cheng
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Heart and Vascular Institute and Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Chenguang Wang
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Heart and Vascular Institute and Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Wenbin Shang
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Heart and Vascular Institute and Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Chi Wai Lau
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Heart and Vascular Institute and Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Jiang-Yun Luo
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Heart and Vascular Institute and Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Li Wang
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Heart and Vascular Institute and Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yu Huang
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Heart and Vascular Institute and Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
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27
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Sharp TE, Scarborough AL, Li Z, Polhemus DJ, Hidalgo HA, Schumacher JD, Matsuura TR, Jenkins JS, Kelly DP, Goodchild TT, Lefer DJ. Novel Göttingen Miniswine Model of Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction Integrating Multiple Comorbidities. JACC Basic Transl Sci 2021; 6:154-170. [PMID: 33665515 PMCID: PMC7907541 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacbts.2020.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2020] [Revised: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
A lack of preclinical large animal models of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) that recapitulate this comorbid-laden syndrome has led to the inability to tease out mechanistic insights and to test novel therapeutic strategies. This study developed a large animal model that integrated multiple comorbid determinants of HFpEF in a miniswine breed that exhibited sensitivity to obesity, metabolic syndrome, and vascular disease with overt clinical signs of heart failure. The combination of a Western diet and 11-deoxycorticosterone acetate salt-induced hypertension in the Göttingen miniswine led to the development of a novel large animal model of HFpEF that exhibited multiorgan involvement and a full spectrum of comorbidities associated with human HFpEF.
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Key Words
- DBP, diastolic blood pressure
- DOCA, 11-deoxycorticosterone acetate
- EC50, half-maximal effective concentration
- EF, ejection fraction
- HDL, high-density lipoprotein
- HFpEF, heart failure with preserved ejection fraction
- HFrEF, heart failure with reduced ejection fraction
- IVGTT, intravenous glucose tolerance test
- LDL, low-density lipoprotein
- LV, left ventricle
- PCWP, pulmonary capillary wedge pressure
- SBP, systolic blood pressure
- TC, total cholesterol
- WD, Western diet
- animal models of human disease
- heart failure with preserved ejection fraction
- hypertension
- metabolic syndrome
- obesity
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas E Sharp
- Cardiovascular Center of Excellence, School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Science Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Amy L Scarborough
- Cardiovascular Center of Excellence, School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Science Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Zhen Li
- Cardiovascular Center of Excellence, School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Science Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - David J Polhemus
- Cardiovascular Center of Excellence, School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Science Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Hunter A Hidalgo
- Cardiovascular Center of Excellence, School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Science Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA.,Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Science Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Jeffery D Schumacher
- Department of Animal Care, Louisiana State University Health Science Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Timothy R Matsuura
- Cardiovascular Institute, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - J Stephen Jenkins
- Department of Cardiology, Heart and Vascular Institute, Ochsner Medical Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Daniel P Kelly
- Cardiovascular Institute, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Traci T Goodchild
- Cardiovascular Center of Excellence, School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Science Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA.,Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Science Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - David J Lefer
- Cardiovascular Center of Excellence, School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Science Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA.,Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Science Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
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Pescatello LS, Wu Y, Panza GA, Zaleski A, Guidry M. Development of a Novel Clinical Decision Support System for Exercise Prescription Among Patients With Multiple Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors. Mayo Clin Proc Innov Qual Outcomes 2021; 5:193-203. [PMID: 33718793 PMCID: PMC7930885 DOI: 10.1016/j.mayocpiqo.2020.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors cluster in an individual. Exercise is universally recommended to prevent and treat CVD. Yet, clinicians lack guidance on how to design an exercise prescription (ExRx) for patients with multiple CVD risk factors. To address this unmet need, we developed a novel clinical decision support system to prescribe exercise (prioritize personalize prescribe exercise [P3-EX]) for patients with multiple CVD risk factors founded upon the evidenced-based recommendations of the American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM) and American Heart Association. To develop P3-EX, we integrated (1) the ACSM exercise preparticipation health screening recommendations; (2) an adapted American Heart Association Life's Simple 7 cardiovascular health scoring system; (3) adapted ACSM strategies for designing an ExRx for people with multiple CVD risk factors; and (4) the ACSM frequency, intensity, time, and time principle of ExRx. We have tested the clinical utility of P3-EX within a university-based online graduate program in ExRx among students that includes physicians, physical therapists, registered dietitians, exercise physiologists, kinesiologists, fitness industry professionals, and kinesiology educators in higher education. The support system P3-EX has proven to be an easy-to-use, guided, and time-efficient evidence-based approach to ExRx for patients with multiple CVD risk factors that has applicability to other chronic diseases and health conditions. Further evaluation is needed to better establish its feasibility, acceptability, and clinical utility as an ExRx tool.
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Key Words
- 1-RM, one repetition maximum
- ACSM, American College of Sports Medicine
- AHA, American Heart Association
- AHA7CVH, American Heart Association Life’s Simple 7 cardiovascular health scoring system
- BG, blood glucose
- BMI, body mass index
- BP, blood pressure
- CV, cardiovascular
- CVD, cardiovascular disease
- CVH, cardiovascular health
- DBP, diastolic blood pressure
- Ex Rx, exercise prescription
- FITT, frequency, intensity, time, and type
- HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol
- HR, heart rate
- HRR, heart rate reserve
- HTN, hypertension
- LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol
- P3-EX, prioritize personalize prescribe exercise clinical decision support system
- PNF, proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation
- RPE, rating of perceived exertion
- SBP, systolic blood pressure
- SOB, shortness of breath
- T1DM, type 1 diabetes mellitus
- T2DM, type 2 diabetes mellitus
- TC, total cholesterol
- VO2R, oxygen uptake reserve
- WC, waist circumference
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yin Wu
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT
| | - Gregory A. Panza
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT
| | - Amanda Zaleski
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT
- Department of Preventive Cardiology, Hartford Hospital, Hartford, CT
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Zheng H, Sun W, Zhang Q, Zhang Y, Ji L, Liu X, Zhu X, Ye H, Xiong Q, Li Y, Lu B, Zhang S. Proinflammatory cytokines predict the incidence of diabetic peripheral neuropathy over 5 years in Chinese type 2 diabetes patients: A prospective cohort study. EClinicalMedicine 2021; 31:100649. [PMID: 33385123 PMCID: PMC7772538 DOI: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2020.100649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inflammation has been implicated in the pathogenesis of diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) as suggested in various cross-sectional studies. However, more convincing prospective studies in diabetes patients are scarce. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate whether proinflammatory cytokines could predict the incidence of DPN through a prospective study with a five-year follow-up. METHODS We followed up 315 patients with diabetes who did not have DPN, recruited from five community health centers in Shanghai in 2014, for an average of 5.06 years. Based on the integrity of blood samples, 106 patients were selected to obtain the proinflammatory cytokines. Plasma markers of proinflammatory cytokines at baseline included interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1). Neuropathy was assessed by MSNI at baseline and during follow-up. FINDINGS Among the 106 chosen patients, 63 developed DPN after 5.06±1.14 years of follow-up. The baseline plasma levels of TNF-α, IL-6, and ICAM-1 were higher in the neuropathic group (p<0.05). In multivariate models, increased plasma levels of TNF-α (hazard ratio, HR: 8.74 [95% confidence interval, CI: 1.05-72.68]; p <0.05) and ICAM-1 (HR 23.74 [95% CI:1.47-383.81]; p<0.05) were both associated with incident DPN, after adjusting for known DPN risk factors. INTERPRETATION Increased plasma levels of proinflammatory factors, especially TNF-α and ICAM-1, predicted the incidence of DPN over 5 years in Chinese diabetes patients, but larger longitudinal studies are required for confirmation. FUNDING National Natural Science Foundation of China, Shanghai Talent Development Fund Program, Shanghai Shenkang Hospital Developing Center Clinical Scientific and Technological Innovation Program, Shanghai Science and Technology Committee Program, Shanghai General Hospital Program of Chinese traditional and Western medicine combination and Shanghai Municipal Commission of Health and Family Planning Clinical Research Project.
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Key Words
- ACR, albumin-to-creatinine ratio
- ALT, alanine aminotransferase
- AST, aspartate aminotransferase
- DBP, diastolic blood pressure
- DPN, diabetic peripheral neuropathy
- DSPN, distal sensorimotor polyneuropathy
- Diabetic peripheral neuropathy
- FPG, fasting plasma glucose
- HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol
- HbA1c, glycated hemoglobin
- IL-1RA, interleukin-1 receptor antagonist
- LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol
- MDRD, Modification of Diet in Renal Disease
- MNSI, Michigan Neuropathy Screening Instrument
- NLR, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio
- PPG, postprandial plasma glucose
- Predict
- Proinflammatory cytokines
- SBP, systolic blood pressure
- Scr, serum creatinine
- TC, total cholesterol
- TG, triacylglycerol
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Affiliation(s)
- Hangping Zheng
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Wanwan Sun
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Yuanpin Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Lijin Ji
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Xiaoxia Liu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Xiaoming Zhu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Hongying Ye
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Qian Xiong
- Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai Gonghui Hospital, Shanghai 200041, China
| | - Yiming Li
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Bin Lu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
- Corresponding authors.
| | - Shuo Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
- Corresponding authors.
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Abstract
Table olives, a product of olive tree (Olea europaea L.), is an important fermented product of the Mediterranean Diet. Agronomical factors, particularly the cultivar, the ripening stage and the processing method employed are the main factors influencing the nutritional and non-nutritional composition of table olives and their organoleptic properties. The important nutritional value of this product is due to its richness in monounsaturated fat (MUFA), mainly oleic acid, fibre and vitamin E together with the presence of several phytochemicals. Among these, hydroxytyrosol (HT) is the major phenolic compound present in all types of table olives. There is a scarcity of in vitro, in vivo and human studies of table olives. This review focused comprehensively on the nutrients and bioactive compound content as well as the health benefits assigned to table olives. The possible health benefits associated with their consumption are thought to be primarily related to effects of MUFA on cardiovascular health, the antioxidant (AO) capacity of vitamin E and its role in protecting the body from oxidative damage and the anti-inflammatory and AO activities of HT. The influence of multiple factors on composition of the end product and the potential innovation in the production of table olives through the reduction of its final salt content was also discussed.
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Key Words
- ALS, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
- AO, antioxidant
- Alpha-tocopherol
- BP, blood pressure
- CVD, cardiovascular disease
- DM-II, Diabetes Mellitus 2
- EFSA, European Food Safety Authority
- FM, fat mass
- GSH, glutathione
- HDL-c, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol
- HT, hydroxytyrosol
- LDL-c, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol
- MD, Mediterranean Diet
- MUFA, monounsaturated fat
- Mediterranean Diet
- Monounsaturated fat
- NO, nitric oxide
- NaCl, sodium chloride
- NaOH, sodium hydroxide
- Nrf2, nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2
- OL, oleuropein
- OO, olive oil
- PKC, protein kinase C
- PUFA, polyunsaturated fat
- Phenolic compounds
- RDA, Recommended Dietary Allowance
- ROS, reactive oxygen species
- TC, total cholesterol
- TG, triacylglycerol
- TG, triglyceride
- Table olives
- Ty, tyrosol
- WHO, World Health Organization
- cv, cultivar
- e.p, edible portion
- α-TOH, alpha-tocopherol
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Salazar-Gómez A, Ontiveros-Rodríguez JC, Pablo-Pérez SS, Vargas-Díaz ME, Garduño-Siciliano L. The potential role of sesquiterpene lactones isolated from medicinal plants in the treatment of the metabolic syndrome - A review. S Afr J Bot 2020; 135:240-251. [PMID: 32963416 PMCID: PMC7493762 DOI: 10.1016/j.sajb.2020.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome comprises a cluster of metabolic disorders related to the development of cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus. In latter years, plant secondary metabolites have become of special interest because of their potential role in preventing and managing metabolic syndrome. Sesquiterpene lactones constitute a large and diverse group of biologically active compounds widely distributed in several medicinal plants used for the treatment of metabolic disorders. The structural diversity and the broad spectrum of biological activities of these compounds drew significant interests in the pharmacological applications. This review describes selected sesquiterpene lactones that have been experimentally validated for their biological activities related to risk factors of metabolic syndrome, together with their mechanisms of action. The potential beneficial effects of sesquiterpene lactones discussed in this review demonstrate that these substances represent remarkable compounds with a diversity of molecular structure and high biological activity, providing new insights into the possible role in metabolic syndrome management.
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Key Words
- ACE, angiotensin I-converting enzyme
- AMPK, activated protein kinase
- APOC3, apolipoprotein C3
- AT, adipose tissue
- Antidiabetic
- CAT, catalase
- COX-2, cyclooxygenase 2
- CVD, cardiovascular disease
- FFA, free fatty acids
- FN, fibronectin
- G6Pase, glucose-6-phosphatase
- GK, glucokinase
- GPx, glutathione peroxidase
- GSH, reduced glutathione
- HDL-C, high-density lipoproteins-cholesterol
- Hypoglycemic
- Hypolipidemic
- IFN-γ, interferon gamma
- IL-1β, interleukin 1 beta
- IL-6, interleukin 6
- IR, insulin resistance
- JNK, c-Jun N-terminal kinases
- LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol
- LPS, lipopolysaccharide
- MAPK, mitogen-activated protein kinases
- MCP-1, monocyte chemoattractant protein 1
- Medicinal plants
- MetS, metabolic syndrome
- Metabolic syndrome
- NF-κB, nuclear factor kappa B
- NO, nitric oxide
- ROS, reactive oxygen species
- SLns, sesquiterpene lactones
- SOD, superoxide dismutase
- STAT1, signal transducer and activator of transcription 1
- STZ, streptozotocin
- Sesquiterpene lactones
- T2DM, type 2 diabetes mellitus
- TBARS, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances
- TC, total cholesterol
- TG, triglycerides
- TGF-β1, transforming growth factor beta
- TLRs, Toll-like receptor
- TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor alpha
- VLDL, very-low-density lipoprotein
- iNOS, inducible nitric oxide synthase
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Affiliation(s)
- Anuar Salazar-Gómez
- Departamento de Farmacia, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Av. Wilfrido Massieu y M. Stampa, Col. Planetario Lindavista, 77380 Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Julio C Ontiveros-Rodríguez
- CONACYT - Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Edificio B-1, Ciudad Universitaria, 58030 Morelia, Michoacán, Mexico
| | - Saudy S Pablo-Pérez
- Departamento de Farmacia, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Av. Wilfrido Massieu y M. Stampa, Col. Planetario Lindavista, 77380 Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - M Elena Vargas-Díaz
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Prolongación de Carpio y Plan de Ayala, 11340 Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Leticia Garduño-Siciliano
- Departamento de Farmacia, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Av. Wilfrido Massieu y M. Stampa, Col. Planetario Lindavista, 77380 Ciudad de México, Mexico
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Saeidifard F, Medina-Inojosa JR, Supervia M, Olson TP, Somers VK, Prokop LJ, Stokin GB, Lopez-Jimenez F. The Effect of Replacing Sitting With Standing on Cardiovascular Risk Factors: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Mayo Clin Proc Innov Qual Outcomes 2020; 4:611-626. [PMID: 33367205 PMCID: PMC7749276 DOI: 10.1016/j.mayocpiqo.2020.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To investigate the effect of replacing sitting with standing on cardiovascular risk factors tested in clinical trials. Methods We searched databases from inception up to August 28, 2019, for studies examining the effect of replacing sitting with standing on fasting blood glucose, fasting insulin, and lipid levels; blood pressure; body fat mass; weight; and waist circumference in healthy adults. Differences in mean ± SD values were used for pooling the data and calculating the mean differences and CIs. Results The search found 3507 abstracts. Nine clinical trials (8 randomized and 1 nonrandomized) with 877 (64.4% [n=565] women) participants met all inclusion criteria. The mean ± SD age was 45.34±5.41 years; mean follow-up was 3.81 months, and mean difference in standing time between the intervention and control groups was 1.33 hours per day. The follow-up fasting blood glucose and body fat mass values were slightly but significantly lower than baseline records in the intervention groups compared with control groups (−2.53; 95% CI, −4.27 to −0.79 mg/dL; and −0.75; 95% CI, −0.91 to −0.59 kg). The analysis for fasting insulin levels, lipid levels, blood pressure, weight, and waist circumference revealed no significant differences. Conclusion Replacing sitting with standing can result in very small but statistically significant decreases in fasting blood glucose levels and body fat mass with no significant effect on lipid levels, blood pressure, weight, and waist circumference. Replacing sitting with standing can be used as an adjunctive intervention to decrease the burden of cardiovascular risk factors but cannot be used as an alternative to physical activity to decrease sedentary time.
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Key Words
- BFM, body fat mass
- BMI, body mass index
- CVD, cardiovascular disease
- FBG, fasting blood glucose
- FI, fasting insulin
- HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol
- LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein
- TC, total cholesterol
- TG, triglycerides
- WC, waist circumference
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Affiliation(s)
- Farzane Saeidifard
- Division of Preventive Cardiology, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
- Department of Medicine, Northwell Health, The Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, New York, NY
| | - Jose R. Medina-Inojosa
- Division of Preventive Cardiology, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Marta Supervia
- Division of Preventive Cardiology, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
- Gregorio Marañón General University Hospital, Gregorio Marañón Health Research Institute, Madrid, Spain
| | - Thomas P. Olson
- Division of Preventive Cardiology, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Virend K. Somers
- Division of Preventive Cardiology, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | | | - Gorazd B. Stokin
- International Clinical Research Center (ICRC), St. Anne's University Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Francisco Lopez-Jimenez
- Division of Preventive Cardiology, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
- Correspondence: Address to Francisco Lopez-Jimenez, MD, MSc, Division of Preventive Cardiology, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St SW, Rochester, MN 55905. @preventingCVD
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Yoon SJ, Kim SK, Lee NY, Choi YR, Kim HS, Gupta H, Youn GS, Sung H, Shin MJ, Suk KT. Effect of Korean Red Ginseng on metabolic syndrome. J Ginseng Res 2020; 45:380-389. [PMID: 34025131 PMCID: PMC8134847 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgr.2020.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MS) refers to a clustering of at least three of the following medical conditions: high blood pressure, abdominal obesity, hyperglycemia, low high-density lipoprotein level, and high serum triglycerides. MS is related to a wide range of diseases which includes obesity, diabetes, insulin resistance, cardiovascular disease, dyslipidemia, or non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. There remains an ongoing need for improved treatment strategies for MS. The most important risk factors are dietary pattern, genetics, old age, lack of exercise, disrupted biology, medication usage, and excessive alcohol consumption, but pathophysiology of MS has not been completely identified. Korean Red Ginseng (KRG) refers to steamed/dried ginseng, traditionally associated with beneficial effects such as anti-inflammation, anti-fatigue, anti-obesity, anti-oxidant, and anti-cancer effects. KRG has been often used in traditional medicine to treat multiple metabolic conditions. This paper summarizes the effects of KRG in MS and related diseases such as obesity, cardiovascular disease, insulin resistance, diabetes, dyslipidemia, or non-alcoholic fatty liver disease based on experimental research and clinical studies.
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Key Words
- ACC, Acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase
- ADP, adenosine diphosphate
- AG, American ginseng extract
- AGE, advanced glycation end product
- ALT, alanine aminotransferase
- AMPK, AMP-activated protein kinase
- AST, aspartate aminotransferase
- Akt, protein kinase B
- BMI, body mass index
- C/EBPα, CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein alpha
- COX-2, cyclooxygenase-2
- CPT, current perception threshold
- CPT-1, carnitine palmitoyl transferase 1
- CRP, C-reactive protein
- CVD, Cardiovascular disease
- DBP, diastolic blood pressure
- DEN, diethyl nitrosamine
- EAT, epididymis adipose tissue
- EF, ejection fraction
- FABP4, fatty acid binding protein 4
- FAS, Fatty acid synthase
- FFA, free fatty acid
- FR, fine root concentration
- FS, fractional shortening
- GBHT, ginseng-plus-Bai-Hu-Tang
- GLUT, glucose transporter type
- GPx, glutathione peroxidase
- GS, ginsenoside
- GST, glutathione S-transferase
- GST-P, glutathione S-transferase placental form
- GTT, glucose tolerance test
- HCC, hepatocellular carcinoma
- HCEF-RG, hypotensive components-enriched fraction of red ginseng
- HDL, high-density lipoprotein
- HFD, High fat diet
- HOMA-IR, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance index
- HbA1c, glycosylated hemoglobin
- I.P., intraperitoneal injection
- IL, interleukin
- IR, insulin resistance
- ITT, insulin tolerance test
- Insulin resistance
- KRG, Korean Red Ginseng
- LDL, low-density lipoprotein
- LPL, lipoprotein lipase
- Lex, lower extremities
- MDA, malondialdehyde
- MMP, Matrix metallopeptidases
- MS, Metabolic syndrome
- Metabolic syndrome
- NAFLD, Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
- NF-кB, nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells
- NK cell, Natural killer cell
- NMDA-NR1, N-methyl-D-aspartate NR1
- NO, nitric oxide
- NRF1, Nuclear respiratory factor 1
- Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
- Nrf2, Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2
- OLETF rat, Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima fatty rat
- PCG-1α, PPAR-γ coactivator-1α
- PI3K, phosphoinositide 3-kinase
- PPAR, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors
- PPD, protopanaxadiol
- PPT, protopanaxatriol
- Panax ginseng
- REKRG, Rg3-enriched KRG
- ROS, Reactive oxygen species
- Rg3-KGE, Rg3-enriched KRG extract
- SBP, systolic blood pressure
- SCD, Stearoyl-Coenzyme A desaturase
- SHR, spontaneously hypertensive rat
- SREBP-1C, Sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1
- STAT5, Signal transducer and activator of transcription 5
- STZ, streptozotocin
- TBARS, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances
- TC, total cholesterol
- TG, triglyceride
- TNF, tumor necrosis factor
- UCP, Mitochondrial uncoupling proteins
- VLDL, very low-density lipoprotein
- iNOS, inducible nitric oxide synthase
- t-BHP, tert-butyl hyperoxide
- tGST, total glutathione
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Jun Yoon
- Institute for Liver and Digestive Diseases, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Seul Ki Kim
- Institute for Liver and Digestive Diseases, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Na Young Lee
- Institute for Liver and Digestive Diseases, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Ye Rin Choi
- Institute for Liver and Digestive Diseases, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeong Seob Kim
- Institute for Liver and Digestive Diseases, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Haripriya Gupta
- Institute for Liver and Digestive Diseases, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Gi Soo Youn
- Institute for Liver and Digestive Diseases, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hotaik Sung
- School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Jea Shin
- Institute for Liver and Digestive Diseases, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Tae Suk
- Institute for Liver and Digestive Diseases, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
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Hong KU, Doll MA, Lykoudi A, Salazar-González RA, Habil MR, Walls KM, Bakr AF, Ghare SS, Barve SS, Arteel GE, Hein DW. Acetylator Genotype-Dependent Dyslipidemia in Rats Congenic for N-Acetyltransferase 2. Toxicol Rep 2020; 7:1319-1330. [PMID: 33083237 PMCID: PMC7553889 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2020.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent reports suggest that arylamine N-acetyltransferases (NAT1 and/or NAT2) serve important roles in regulation of energy utility and insulin sensitivity. We investigated the interaction between diet (control vs. high-fat diet) and acetylator phenotype (rapid vs. slow) using previously established congenic rat lines (in F344 background) that exhibit rapid or slow Nat2 (orthologous to human NAT1) acetylator genotypes. Male and female rats of each genotype were fed control or high-fat (Western-style) diet for 26 weeks. We then examined diet- and acetylator genotype-dependent changes in body and liver weights, systemic glucose tolerance, insulin sensitivity, and plasma lipid profile. Male and female rats on the high fat diet weighed approximately 10% more than rats on the control diet and the percentage liver to body weight was consistently higher in rapid than slow acetylator rats. Rapid acetylator rats were more prone to develop dyslipidemia overall (i.e., higher triglyceride; higher LDL; and lower HDL), compared to slow acetylator rats. Total cholesterol (TC)-to-HDL ratios were significantly higher and HDL-to-LDL ratios were significantly lower in rapid acetylator rats. Our data suggest that rats with rapid systemic Nat2 (NAT1 in humans) genotype exhibited higher dyslipidemia conferring risk for metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung U. Hong
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Center for Hepatobiology & Toxicology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Mark A. Doll
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Center for Hepatobiology & Toxicology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Angeliki Lykoudi
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Center for Hepatobiology & Toxicology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Raúl A. Salazar-González
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Center for Hepatobiology & Toxicology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Mariam R. Habil
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Center for Hepatobiology & Toxicology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Kennedy M. Walls
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Center for Hepatobiology & Toxicology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Alaa F. Bakr
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Center for Hepatobiology & Toxicology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Smita S. Ghare
- Departments of Medicine and Pharmacology & Toxicology, Center for Hepatobiology & Toxicology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Shirish S. Barve
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Center for Hepatobiology & Toxicology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA
- Departments of Medicine and Pharmacology & Toxicology, Center for Hepatobiology & Toxicology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Gavin E. Arteel
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Center for Hepatobiology & Toxicology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - David W. Hein
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Center for Hepatobiology & Toxicology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA
- Departments of Medicine and Pharmacology & Toxicology, Center for Hepatobiology & Toxicology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA
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Nie X, Chen J, Ma X, Ni Y, Shen Y, Yu H, Panagiotou G, Bao Y. A metagenome-wide association study of gut microbiome and visceral fat accumulation. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2020; 18:2596-2609. [PMID: 33033580 PMCID: PMC7528071 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2020.09.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Visceral fat is an independent risk factor for metabolic and cardiovascular disease. The study aimed to investigate the associations between gut microbiome and visceral fat. Methods We recruited 32 obese adults and 30 healthy controls at baseline. Among the obese subjects, 14 subjects underwent laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) and were followed 6 months after surgery. Abdominal visceral fat area (VFA) and subcutaneous fat area (SFA) were measured by magnetic resonance imaging. Waist, hipline, waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) and body mass index (BMI) were included as simple obese parameters. Gut microbiome was analyzed by metagenomic sequencing. Results Among the obese parameters, VFA had the largest number of correlations with the species that were differentially enriched between obese and healthy subjects, following by waist, WHR, BMI, hipline, and SFA. Within the species negatively correlated with VFA, Eubacterium eligens had the strongest correlation, following by Clostridium citroniae, C. symbiosum, Bacteroides uniformis, E. ventriosum, Ruminococcaceae bacterium D16, C. hathewayi, etc. C. hathewayi and C. citroniae were increased after LSG. Functional analyses showed that among all the obese parameters, VFA had strongest correlation coefficients with the obesity-related microbial pathways. Microbial pathways involved in carbohydrate fermentation and biosynthesis of L-glutamate and L-glutamine might contribute to visceral fat accumulation. Conclusions Visceral fat was more closely correlated with gut microbiome compared with subcutaneous fat, suggesting an intrinsic connection between gut microbiome and metabolic cardiovascular diseases. Specific microbial species and pathways which were closely associated with visceral fat accumulation might contribute to new targeted therapies for metabolic disorders.
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Key Words
- 2hCP, 2-hour C-peptide
- 2hPG, 2-hour plasma glucose
- ALT, alanine aminotransferase
- AST, aspartate aminotransferase
- BCAAs, branched chain amino acids
- BMI, body mass index
- CoDA, Compositional Data Analysis
- Cr, creatinine
- DBP, diastolic blood pressure
- FCp, fasting C-peptide
- FDR, false discovery rate
- FMT, fecal microbiota transplantation
- FPG, fasting plasma glucose
- GPR43, G-protein coupled receptor 43
- Gut microbiome
- HDL, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol
- HbA1c, glycated hemoglobin A1c
- LDL, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol
- LPS, lipopolysaccharides
- LSG, laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy
- Laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy
- MRI, magnetic resonance imaging
- MSG, monosodium glutamate
- Metagenomics
- Obesity
- SBP, systolic blood pressure
- SCFAs, short chain fatty acids
- SFA, subcutaneous fat area
- TC, total cholesterol
- TCA, tricarboxylic acid cycle
- TG, triglyceride
- UA, uric acid
- VFA, visceral fat area
- Visceral fat
- WBC, white blood cell count
- WHR, waist-to-hip ratio
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomin Nie
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Key Clinical Center for Metabolic Disease, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Jiarui Chen
- Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology – Systems Biology and Bioinformatics, Hans Knöll Institute, Adolf-Reichwein-Straße 23, 07745 Jena, Germany
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Kadoorie Biological Sciences Building, Pok Fu Lam Road, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Xiaojing Ma
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Key Clinical Center for Metabolic Disease, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Yueqiong Ni
- Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology – Systems Biology and Bioinformatics, Hans Knöll Institute, Adolf-Reichwein-Straße 23, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Yun Shen
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Key Clinical Center for Metabolic Disease, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Haoyong Yu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Key Clinical Center for Metabolic Disease, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai 200233, China
- Corresponding authors at: Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai 200233, China (H. Yu and Y. Bao). Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology – Systems Biology and Bioinformatics, Hans Knöll Institute, Adolf-Reichwein-Straße 23, 07745 Jena, Germany (G. Panagiotou).
| | - Gianni Panagiotou
- Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology – Systems Biology and Bioinformatics, Hans Knöll Institute, Adolf-Reichwein-Straße 23, 07745 Jena, Germany
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Kadoorie Biological Sciences Building, Pok Fu Lam Road, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
- Department of Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
- Corresponding authors at: Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai 200233, China (H. Yu and Y. Bao). Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology – Systems Biology and Bioinformatics, Hans Knöll Institute, Adolf-Reichwein-Straße 23, 07745 Jena, Germany (G. Panagiotou).
| | - Yuqian Bao
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Key Clinical Center for Metabolic Disease, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai 200233, China
- Corresponding authors at: Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai 200233, China (H. Yu and Y. Bao). Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology – Systems Biology and Bioinformatics, Hans Knöll Institute, Adolf-Reichwein-Straße 23, 07745 Jena, Germany (G. Panagiotou).
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Ścibior A, Pietrzyk Ł, Plewa Z, Skiba A. Vanadium: Risks and possible benefits in the light of a comprehensive overview of its pharmacotoxicological mechanisms and multi-applications with a summary of further research trends. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2020; 61:126508. [PMID: 32305626 PMCID: PMC7152879 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2020.126508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Revised: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vanadium (V) is an element with a wide range of effects on the mammalian organism. The ability of this metal to form organometallic compounds has contributed to the increase in the number of studies on the multidirectional biological activity of its various organic complexes in view of their application in medicine. OBJECTIVE This review aims at summarizing the current state of knowledge of the pharmacological potential of V and the mechanisms underlying its anti-viral, anti-bacterial, anti-parasitic, anti-fungal, anti-cancer, anti-diabetic, anti-hypercholesterolemic, cardioprotective, and neuroprotective activity as well as the mechanisms of appetite regulation related to the possibility of using this element in the treatment of obesity. The toxicological potential of V and the mechanisms of its toxic action, which have not been sufficiently recognized yet, as well as key information about the essentiality of this metal, its physiological role, and metabolism with certain aspects on the timeline is collected as well. The report also aims to review the use of V in the implantology and industrial sectors emphasizing the human health hazard as well as collect data on the directions of further research on V and its interactions with Mg along with their character. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS Multidirectional studies on V have shown that further analyses are still required for this element to be used as a metallodrug in the fight against certain life-threatening diseases. Studies on interactions of V with Mg, which showed that both elements are able to modulate the response in an interactive manner are needed as well, as the results of such investigations may help not only in recognizing new markers of V toxicity and clarify the underlying interactive mechanism between them, thus improving the medical application of the metals against modern-age diseases, but also they may help in development of principles of effective protection of humans against environmental/occupational V exposure.
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Key Words
- 3-HMG-CoA, 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl-CoA
- AIDS, acquired immune deficiency syndrome
- ALB, albumin
- ALP, alkaline phosphatase
- AS, antioxidant status
- Akt, protein kinase B (PKB)
- AmD, Assoc American Dietetic Association
- Anti-B, anti-bacterial
- Anti-C, anti-cancer
- Anti-D, anti-diabetic
- Anti-F, anti-fungal
- Anti-O, anti-obesity
- Anti-P, anti-parasitic
- Anti-V, anti-viral
- Anti−HC, anti-hypercholesterolemic
- ApoA-I, apolipoprotein A
- ApoB, apolipoprotein B
- B, bone
- BCOV, bis(curcumino)oxavanadyl
- BEOV, bis(ethylmaltolato)oxovanadium
- BMOV, bis(maltolato)oxavanadium(IV)
- Bim, Blc-2 interacting mediator of cell death
- Biological role
- BrOP, bromoperoxidase
- C, cholesterol
- C/EBPα, CCAAT-enhancer-binding protein α
- CD4, CD4 receptor
- CH, cerebral hemisphere
- CHO-K1, Chinese hamster ovary cells
- CXCR-4, CXCR-4 chemokine co-receptor
- Cardio-P, cardioprotective
- Citrate-T, citrate transporter
- CoA, coenzyme A
- Cyt c, cytochrome c
- DM, diabetes mellitus
- ELI, extra low interstitial
- ERK, extracellular regulated kinase
- FHR, fructose hypertensive rats
- FKHR/FKHR1/AFX, class O members of the forkhead transcription factor family
- FLIP, FLICE-inhibitory protein
- FOXOs, forkhead box class O family member proteins
- FPP, farnesyl-pyrophosphate
- FasL, Fas ligand, FER: ferritin
- GI, gastrointestinal
- GLU, glucose
- GLUT-4, glucose transporter type 4
- GPP, geranyl-pyrophosphate
- GPT, glutamate-pyruvate transaminase
- GR, glutathione reductase
- GSH, reduced glutathione
- GSSG, disulfide glutathione
- HDL, high-density lipoproteins
- HDL-C, HDL cholesterol
- HIV, human immunodeficiency virus
- HMMF, high molecular mass fraction
- HOMA-IR, insulin resistance index
- Hb, hemoglobin
- HbF, hemoglobin fraction
- Hyper-LEP, hyperleptynemia
- IDDM, insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus
- IGF-IR, insulin-like growth factor receptor
- IL, interleukin
- INS, insulin
- INS-R, insulin resistance
- INS-S, insulin sensitivity
- IPP, isopentenyl-5-pyrophosphate
- IRS, insulin receptor tyrosine kinase substrate
- IgG, immunoglobulin G
- Industrial importance
- Interactions
- JAK2, Janus kinase 2
- K, kidney
- L, liver
- L-AA, L-ascorbic acid
- LDL, low-density lipoproteins
- LDL-C, LDL cholesterol
- LEP, leptin
- LEP-R, leptin resistance
- LEP-S, leptin sensitivity
- LEPS, the concentration of leptin in the serum
- LMMF, low molecular mass fraction
- LPL, lipoprotein lipase
- LPO, lipid peroxidation
- Lactate-T, lactate transporter
- M, mitochondrion
- MEK, ERK kinase activator
- MRC, mitochondrial respiratory chain
- NAC, N-acetylcysteine
- NEP, neutral endopeptidase
- NIDDM, noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus
- NO, nitric oxide
- NPY, neuropeptide Y
- NaVO3, sodium metavanadate
- Neuro-P, neuroprotective
- OXPHOS, oxidative phosphorylation
- Organic-AT, organic anion transporter
- Over-W, over-weight
- P, plasma
- PANC-1, pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma cells
- PARP, poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase
- PLGA, (Poly)Lactide-co-Glycolide copolymer
- PO43−, phosphate ion
- PPARγ, peroxisome-activated receptor γ
- PTK, tyrosine protein kinase
- PTP, protein tyrosine phosphatase
- PTP-1B, protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B
- Pharmacological activity
- Pi3K, phosphoinositide 3-kinase (phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase)
- RBC, erythrocytes
- ROS, reactive oxygen species
- RT, reverse transcriptase
- SARS, severe acute respiratory syndrome
- SAcP, acid phosphatase secreted by Leshmania
- SC-Ti-6Al-4V, surface-coated Ti-6Al-4V
- SHR, spontaneously hypertensive rats
- SOD, superoxide dismutase
- STAT3, signal transducer/activator of transcription 3
- Sa, mean roughness
- Sq, root mean square roughness
- Sz, ten-point height
- TC, total cholesterol
- TG, triglycerides
- TS, transferrin saturation
- Tf, transferrin
- TfF, transferrin fraction
- TiO2, nHA:Ag-Ti-6Al-4V: titanium oxide-based coating containing hydroxyapatite nanoparticle and silver particles
- Top-IB, IB type topoisomerase
- Toxicological potential
- V, vanadium
- V-BrPO, vanadium bromoperoxidase
- V-DLC, diamond-like layer with vanadium
- V5+/V4+, pentavalent/tetravalent vanadium
- VO2+, vanadyl cation
- VO2+-FER, vanadyl-ferritin complex
- VO4-/VO3-, vanadate anion
- VO43-, vanadate ion
- VS, vanadyl sulfate
- Vanadium
- WB, whole blood
- ZDF rats, Zucker diabetic fatty rats
- ZF rats, Zucker fatty rats
- breakD, breakdown
- eNOS, endothelial nitric oxide synthase
- mo, months
- n-HA, nano-hydroxyapatite
- pRb, retinoblastoma protein
- wk, weeks
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Ścibior
- Laboratory of Oxidative Stress, Centre for Interdisciplinary Research, The John Paull II Catholic University of Lublin, Poland
| | - Łukasz Pietrzyk
- Laboratory of Oxidative Stress, Centre for Interdisciplinary Research, The John Paull II Catholic University of Lublin, Poland
- Department of Didactics and Medical Simulation, Chair of Anatomy, Medical University of Lublin, Poland
| | - Zbigniew Plewa
- Department of General, Oncological, and Minimally Invasive Surgery, 1 Military Clinical Hospital with the Outpatient Clinic in Lublin, Poland
| | - Andrzej Skiba
- Military Clinical Hospital with the Outpatient Clinic in Lublin, Poland
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Takahashi S, Yonekura Y, Tanno K, Shimoda H, Sakata K, Ogawa A, Kobayashi S, Kawachi I. Increased incidence of metabolic syndrome among older survivors relocated to temporary housing after the 2011 Great East Japan earthquake & tsunami. Metabol Open 2020; 7:100042. [PMID: 32812914 PMCID: PMC7424836 DOI: 10.1016/j.metop.2020.100042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Beyond the immediate toll of injuries and deaths, major disasters are often associated with long-term increased risks of chronic disease. We sought to investigate the incidence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) among survivors of the 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake and tsunami. Methods Subjects aged ≥18 years from the tsunami-stricken area participated in a prospective cohort study of disaster survivors (the RIAS Study) from 2011 to 2015. After excluding subjects who were previously diagnosed with MetS, we observed the cumulative incidence of MetS across four annual examinations among 7318 subjects (mean age, 59.8 years; 43.5% men). We defined MetS using the International Diabetes Foundation criteria. Results The 4-year cumulative incidence of MetS was 18.0% in the overall sample. The incidence was significantly higher among older women survivors relocated to prefabricated temporary housing (40.9%, 95% confidence interval, 36.4-44.6), and other types of housing (36.2%, 95% CI: 32.3-40.6) compared to those who were not relocated (34.1%, 95% CI: 30.9-37.4). An increase in incidence of MetS was not observed for older men, or younger survivors aged ≤64 years. Conclusion Relocation to prefabricated temporary housing was a risk factor for increased incidence of MetS in older women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuko Takahashi
- Division of Medical Education, Iwate Medical University, Shiwa-gun, Iwate, 020-8505, Japan.,Takemi Program in International Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.,Department of Health and Welfare, Iwate Prefecture, Morioka, Iwate, 020-8570, Japan
| | - Yuki Yonekura
- St Luke International University Graduate School, Tokyo, 104-0044, Japan
| | - Kozo Tanno
- Department of Hygiene and Preventive Medicine, Iwate Medical University, School of Medicine, Iwate 020-8505, Japan
| | - Haruki Shimoda
- Department of Hygiene and Preventive Medicine, Iwate Medical University, School of Medicine, Iwate 020-8505, Japan
| | - Kiyomi Sakata
- Department of Hygiene and Preventive Medicine, Iwate Medical University, School of Medicine, Iwate 020-8505, Japan
| | - Akira Ogawa
- Iwate Medical University, Iwate, 020-8505, Japan
| | | | - Ichiro Kawachi
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard. T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston MA 02215, USA
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Perrot N, Valerio V, Moschetta D, Boekholdt SM, Dina C, Chen HY, Abner E, Martinsson A, Manikpurage HD, Rigade S, Capoulade R, Mass E, Clavel MA, Le Tourneau T, Messika-Zeitoun D, Wareham NJ, Engert JC, Polvani G, Pibarot P, Esko T, Smith JG, Mathieu P, Thanassoulis G, Schott JJ, Bossé Y, Camera M, Thériault S, Poggio P, Arsenault BJ. Genetic and In Vitro Inhibition of PCSK9 and Calcific Aortic Valve Stenosis. JACC Basic Transl Sci 2020; 5:649-661. [PMID: 32760854 PMCID: PMC7393433 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacbts.2020.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Revised: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The authors investigated whether PCSK9 inhibition could represent a therapeutic strategy in calcific aortic valve stenosis (CAVS). A meta-analysis of 10 studies was performed to determine the impact of the PCSK9 R46L variant on CAVS, and the authors found that CAVS was less prevalent in carriers of this variant (odds ratio: 0.80 [95% confidence interval: 0.70 to 0.91]; p = 0.0011) compared with noncarriers. PCSK9 expression was higher in the aortic valves of patients CAVS compared with control patients. In human valve interstitials cells submitted to a pro-osteogenic medium, PCSK9 levels increased and a PCSK9 neutralizing antibody significantly reduced calcium accumulation.
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Key Words
- Ad DMEM, advanced Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium
- CAD, coronary artery disease
- CAVS, calcific aortic valve stenosis
- HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol
- IQR, interquartile range
- LDL cholesterol
- LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol
- Lp(a), lipoprotein(a)
- PBS, phosphate-buffered saline
- PBST, 1× phosphate-buffered saline with 0.1% Triton
- PCSK9, proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9
- SNP, single nucleotide polymorphism
- TC, total cholesterol
- VIC, valve interstitial cell
- VLDL-C, very-low-density lipoprotein cholesterol
- aortic valve interstitial cell
- apoB, apolipoprotein B
- apolipoprotein B
- calcific aortic valve stenosis
- lipoprotein(a)
- proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9
- wGRS, weighted genetic risk score
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Perrot
- Centre de Recherche de l’Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Québec, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - Vincenza Valerio
- Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, Milan, Italy
- Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Naples, Italy
| | - Donato Moschetta
- Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, Milan, Italy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Christian Dina
- l'Institut du thorax, INSERM, CNRS, UNIV Nantes, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Hao Yu Chen
- McGill University Health Center Research Institute, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Erik Abner
- Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Andreas Martinsson
- Department of Cardiology, Clinical Sciences, Lund University and Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
- Wallenberg Center for Molecular Medicine and Lund University Diabetes Center, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Hasanga D. Manikpurage
- Centre de Recherche de l’Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Québec, Canada
- Department of Molecular Biology, Medical Biochemistry and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - Sidwell Rigade
- l'Institut du thorax, INSERM, CNRS, UNIV Nantes, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Romain Capoulade
- l'Institut du thorax, INSERM, CNRS, UNIV Nantes, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Elvira Mass
- University of Bonn, Developmental Biology of the Innate Immune System, Life & Medical Sciences Institute (LIMES), Bonn, Germany
| | - Marie-Annick Clavel
- Centre de Recherche de l’Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Québec, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada
| | | | - David Messika-Zeitoun
- Department of Cardiology, Assistance Publique – Hôpitaux de Paris, Bichat Hospital, Paris, France
- University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nicholas J. Wareham
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - James C. Engert
- McGill University Health Center Research Institute, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Gianluca Polvani
- Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, Milan, Italy
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Philippe Pibarot
- Centre de Recherche de l’Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Québec, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - Tõnu Esko
- Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - J. Gustav Smith
- Department of Cardiology, Clinical Sciences, Lund University and Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
- Wallenberg Center for Molecular Medicine and Lund University Diabetes Center, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Patrick Mathieu
- Centre de Recherche de l’Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Québec, Canada
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - George Thanassoulis
- McGill University Health Center Research Institute, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | | | - Yohan Bossé
- Centre de Recherche de l’Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Québec, Canada
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - Marina Camera
- Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, Milan, Italy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Sébastien Thériault
- Centre de Recherche de l’Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Québec, Canada
- Department of Molecular Biology, Medical Biochemistry and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada
| | | | - Benoit J. Arsenault
- Centre de Recherche de l’Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Québec, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada
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Singh S, Panda V, S. S, Dande P. Protective effect of a polyherbal bioactive fraction in propylthiouracil-induced thyroid toxicity in ratsby modulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axes. Toxicol Rep 2020; 7:730-742. [PMID: 32579134 PMCID: PMC7301176 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2020.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypothyroidism is the most frequent toxic effect of a large variety of chemical compounds. The polyherbal bioactive fraction exhibited a pro-thyroid effect in hypothyroidic rats. The polyherbal fraction restored the propylthiouracil-depleted thyroid hormone levels significantly. The polyherbal fraction may act through multiple mechanisms to exhibit a pro-thyroid effect.
Hypothyroidism is the most frequent consequence of the interaction of a large variety of drugs, environmental pollutants and industrial chemicals with the thyroid gland. It is associated with diminished endocrine function which may lead to hyperlipidemia, diabetes, Alzheimer’s disease, weight gain, and other metabolic disorders. The present study evaluates the pro-thyroid activity of a bioactive fraction from a polyherbal teabag in rats with hypothyroidism induced by propylthiouracil. The teabag was formulated to stimulate synthesis and/or release of T4 and affectthe conversion of T4 to T3. Phytoconstituents of the polyherbal teabag are potent antioxidants that may be responsible for the pro-thyroid activity. The tea-extract (1000 mg) was found to contain 1076 μg of gallic acid and 1131 μg of rutin from HPTLC analysis. Rats received propylthiouracil (8 mg/kg) for the first 15days followed by the polyherbal tea-extract (500, 1000 and 1500 mg/kg), the standard drug levothyroxine (0.1 mg/kg), aerobic exercise, and a combination of tea-extract (1000 mg/kg) and aerobic exercise daily along with propylthiouracil for the next 30 days. Finally, rats received their respective treatments alone without propylthiouracil for 15 more days. Lipid profile and levels of glucose, insulin, T3, T4, TSH, cortisol, homocysteine, creatinine, uric acid, malondialdehyde, glucose-6 phosphatase, and endogenous antioxidants were determined. All treatments attenuated significantly the propylthiouracil-elevated TSH, homocysteine, creatinine, uric acid, glucose-6-phosphatase, insulin, and malondialdehyde levels, and restored favorably the propylthiouracil-altered lipid profile, T3, T4, and endogenous antioxidant levels. The polyherbal tea-extract (1000 and 1500 mg/kg) treatment and thecombination treatment of tea-extract (1000 mg/kg) with aerobic exercise displayed significant restoration of the suboptimalthyroid function. This may be due to a favorablemodulation ofthe hypothalamic-pituitary–thyroid and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axes.
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Key Words
- AC, Abdominal circumference
- AE, Aerobic exercise
- Aerobic exercise
- CAT, Catalase;GA- Gallic acid
- GPx, Glutathione peroxidase
- GR, Glutathione reductase
- GSH, Reduced glutathione
- HDL, High-density lipoprotein
- HOMA, IR- Homeostatic model of insulin resistance
- HPTLC, High-performance thin layer chromatography
- Hcy, Homocysteine
- Hypothyroidism
- IR, Insulin resistance
- LDL, Low-density lipoprotein
- LPO, Lipid peroxidation
- MDA, Malondialedhyde
- NIS, Sodium-iodide symporter
- PTU, Propylthiouracil
- Polyherbal
- Propylthiouracil
- Ru, Rutin
- SOD, Superoxide dismutase
- T1000, Tea-extract 1000 mg/kg
- T1500, Tea-extract 1500 mg/kg
- T3, Triiodothyronine
- T4, thyroxine
- T500, Tea-extract 500 mg/kg
- TAE, T1000 mg/kg + Aerobic exercise
- TC, total cholesterol
- TG, Triglycerides
- TSH, Thyroid stimulating hormone
- Thyroid hormones
- VLDL, Very low-density lipoprotein
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Affiliation(s)
- Sneha Singh
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Prin. K. M. Kundnani College of Pharmacy, Jote Joy Building, RambhauSalgaonkar Marg, Cuffe Parade, Colaba, Mumbai, 400005, India
| | - Vandana Panda
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Prin. K. M. Kundnani College of Pharmacy, Jote Joy Building, RambhauSalgaonkar Marg, Cuffe Parade, Colaba, Mumbai, 400005, India
- Corresponding author.
| | - Sudhamani S.
- Department of Pathology, Dr. D.Y Patil Medical College, Nerul, Navi Mumbai, India
| | - Payal Dande
- Department of Pharmacognosy, SVKM’s NMIMS, School of Pharmacy & Technology Management Mukesh Patel Technology Park, Babulde, Mumbai-Agra Highway, Shirpur, India
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Xu J, Liu H, Su G, Ding M, Wang W, Lu J, Bi X, Zhao Y. Purification of ginseng rare sapogenins 25-OH-PPT and its hypoglycemic, antiinflammatory and lipid-lowering mechanisms. J Ginseng Res 2019; 45:86-97. [PMID: 33437160 PMCID: PMC7791145 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgr.2019.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2018] [Revised: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Panax ginseng Meyer has been used as a nourishing edible herb in East Asia for thousands of years. 25-OH-PPT was first discovered as a natural rare triterpenoid saponin in ginseng stems and leaves by our group. Research found that it showed strong inhibitory effects on α-glucosidase and protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B, and protected cardiocytes (H9c2) through PI3K/Akt pathway. Methods In the research, in order to optimize the 25-OH-PPT enrichment process, optimal macroporous resins and optimal purification conditions were studied. Meanwhile, the hypoglycemic effect and mechanism of 25-OH-PPT were evaluated by using STZ to establish insulin-dependent diabetic mice and the spontaneous type 2 diabetes DB/DB mice. Results and Conclusion Research found that 25-OH-PPT can reduce blood glucose and enhance glucose tolerance in STZ model mice. It increases insulin sensitivity by upregulating GLUT4 and AMPK in skeletal muscle, and activating insulin signaling pathways. In DB/DB mice, 25-OH-PPT achieves hypoglycemic effects mainly by activating the insulin signaling pathway. Meanwhile, through the influence of liver inflammatory factors and lipids in serum, it can be seen that 25-OH-PPT has obvious anti-inflammatory and lipid-lowering effects. These results provide new insights into the study of ginseng as a functional food.
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Key Words
- 25-hydroxyl-protopanaxatriol, 25-OH-PPT, 20 (R)-dammaran-3β, 6α, 12β, 20, 25-pentol
- AMPK, adenylate-activated protein kinase
- AUC, area under the curve
- BCA, bicinchoninic acid
- BSA, bovine serum albumin
- COX2, cyclo-oxygenase 2
- DM, diabetes mellitus
- GLUT4, glucose transporter 4
- Ginseng
- IL-1, interleukin-1
- IL-6, interleukin-6
- INSR, insulin receptor
- IPGTT, intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test
- IR, insulin receptor
- IRS-1, insulin receptor substrate-1
- Insulin resistance
- Macroporous resin
- STZ, streptozotocin
- T2DM
- T2DM, type 2 diabetes mellitus
- TC, total cholesterol
- TG, triglycerides
- TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor-α
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Xu
- School of Functional Food and Wine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Hairong Liu
- School of Functional Food and Wine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Guangyue Su
- School of Functional Food and Wine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
- Key Laboratory of Structure-based Drug Design and Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Meng Ding
- School of Functional Food and Wine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Wei Wang
- School of Functional Food and Wine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Jincai Lu
- Department of Medicinal Plant Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
- Corresponding author. Department of Medicinal Plant, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, No.103, Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang 110016, Liaoning, PR China.
| | - Xiuli Bi
- School of Life Science, Liaoning University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
- Corresponding author. School of Life Science, Liaoning University, Chongshan Middle Road No.66, Huanggu District, Shenyang 110036, Liaoning, PR China.
| | - Yuqing Zhao
- School of Functional Food and Wine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
- Key Laboratory of Structure-based Drug Design and Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
- Corresponding author. School of Functional Food and Wine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, No.103, Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang 110016, Liaoning, PR China.
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Wu C, Xi C, Tong J, Zhao J, Jiang H, Wang J, Wang Y, Liu H. Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of novel tetrahydroprotoberberine derivatives (THPBs) as proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) modulators for the treatment of hyperlipidemia. Acta Pharm Sin B 2019; 9:1216-1230. [PMID: 31867167 PMCID: PMC6900552 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2019.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Revised: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) modulators may attenuate PCSK9-induced low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) degradation in lysosome and promote the clearance of circulating low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C). A novel series of tetrahydroprotoberberine derivatives (THPBs) were designed, synthesized, and evaluated as PCSK9 modulators for the treatment of hyperlipidemia. Among them, eight compounds exhibited excellent activities in downregulating hepatic PCSK9 expression better than berberine in HepG2 cells. In addition, five compounds 15, 18, 22, (R)-22, and (S)-22 showed better performance in the low-density lipoprotein, labeled with 1,1′-dioctadecyl-3,3,3′,3′-tetramethyl-indocarbocyanine perchlorate (DiI-LDL) uptake assay, compared with berberine at the same concentration. Compound 22, selected for in vivo evaluation, demonstrated significant reductions of total cholesterol (TC) and LDL-C in hyperlipidemic hamsters with a good pharmacokinetic profile. Further exploring of the lipid-lowering mechanism showed that compound 22 promoted hepatic LDLR expression in a dose-dependent manner in HepG2 cells. Additional results of human ether-à-go-go related gene (hERG) inhibition assay indicated the potential druggability for compound 22, which is a promising lead compound for the development of PCSK9 modulator for the treatment of hyperlipidemia.
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Key Words
- ADH, autosomal dominant hypercholesterolemia
- AUC, area under the plasma concentration−time curve
- BBR, berberine
- CHD, coronary heart disease
- CL, clearance
- CVDs, cardiovascular diseases
- Cmax, maximum concentration
- DiI-LDL, low-density lipoprotein, labeled with 1,1′-dioctadecyl-3,3,3′,3′-tetramethyl-indocarbocyanine perchlorate
- F, oral bioavailability
- FDA, food and drug administration
- HFD, high-fat diet
- Hyperlipidemia hamster
- LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol
- LDLR, low-density lipoprotein receptor
- Lipid-lowering
- Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol
- Low-density lipoprotein receptor
- MRT, mean residence time
- PCSK9
- PCSK9 expression
- PCSK9, proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9
- PK, pharmacokinetic
- POCl3, phosphoryl trichloride
- TC, total cholesterol
- THPBs, tetrahydroprotoberberine derivatives
- Tetrahydroprotoberberine derivatives
- Total cholesterol
- hERG, human ether-à-go-go related gene
- mAbs, monoclonal antibodies
- t1/2, half-life
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenglin Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research and CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Cong Xi
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research and CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Junhua Tong
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research and CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jing Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research and CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hualiang Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research and CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research and CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Corresponding authors. Tel.: +86 21 50807042 (Hong Liu); +86 21 50806733 (Yiping Wang); +86 21 50806600 5418 (Jiang Wang).
| | - Yiping Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research and CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Corresponding authors. Tel.: +86 21 50807042 (Hong Liu); +86 21 50806733 (Yiping Wang); +86 21 50806600 5418 (Jiang Wang).
| | - Hong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research and CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Corresponding authors. Tel.: +86 21 50807042 (Hong Liu); +86 21 50806733 (Yiping Wang); +86 21 50806600 5418 (Jiang Wang).
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Chakraborty S, Paul K, Mallick P, Pradhan S, Das K, Chakrabarti S, Nandi DK, Bhattacharjee P. Consortia of bioactives in supercritical carbon dioxide extracts of mustard and small cardamom seeds lower serum cholesterol levels in rats: new leads for hypocholesterolaemic supplements from spices. J Nutr Sci 2019; 8:e32. [PMID: 31595188 DOI: 10.1017/jns.2019.28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Melatonin-rich and 1,8-cineole-rich extracts have been successfully obtained from yellow mustard (YM) and small cardamom (SC) seeds, respectively, employing green technology of supercritical CO2 (SC-CO2) extraction. Chemical profiling confirmed the presence of melatonin and 1,8-cineole and co-extractants in the respective extracts. Electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy attested strong antioxidant activities of the extracts foregoing pan-assay interference compounds involved in spectroscopic analysis. These extracts also exhibited synergistic efficacies greater than unity confirming antioxidant synergy among the co-extracted bioactives therein. To ascertain hypocholesterolaemic efficacies, these extracts were co-administered orally with Triton X (at the pre-optimised dose of 175 mg/kg body weight (BW)) to Wistar albino rats at doses of 550, 175 and 55 mg/kg BW. Serum total cholesterol levels in the rats were monitored on days 3, 7, 15 and 21. On day 21, total cholesterol level reduced appreciably by 49·44 % in rats treated with YM seed extract and by 48·95 % in rats treated with SC seed extract, comparable with atorvastatin-administered rats (51·09 %). Either extract demonstrated inhibitory effects on hepatic 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl-CoA (HMG-CoA) reductase activity. A molecular docking exercise identified specific compounds in the extracts which possessed binding affinities comparable with therapeutically used HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors. In silico and in vivo studies concertedly concluded that the consortium of bioactive components in the extracts cannot be considered as invalid metabolic panaceas and therefore these 'green' extracts could be safely subjected to clinical studies as preventive biotherapeutics for hypercholesterolaemia. These extracts could be consumed per se as hypocholesterolaemic supplements or could be ingredients of new spice-based therapeutic foods.
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Key Words
- AI, atherogenic index
- BW, body weight
- EDX, energy dispersive X-rays
- EPR, electron paramagnetic resonance
- FT-IR, Fourier transformed IR spectroscopy
- GOLD, Genetic Optimization for Ligand Docking
- HDL-C, HDL-cholesterol
- HED, human equivalent dose
- HMG-CoA reductase
- HMG-CoA, 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl-CoA
- Hypocholesterolaemic activity
- LC-ESI-MS, liquid chromatography-electrospray ionisation MS
- LDL-C, LDL-cholesterol
- OECD, Organization of Economic Co-operation and Development
- PDB, protein data bank
- SC, small cardamom
- SC-CO2, supercritical CO2
- SCbest, small cardamom seed extract obtained at the optimum conditions of SC-CO2
- Small cardamom seeds
- Supercritical carbon dioxide extraction
- TC, total cholesterol
- YM, yellow mustard
- YMbest, yellow mustard seed extract obtained at the optimum conditions of SC-CO2
- Yellow mustard seeds
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Liu Y, Xu W, Zhai T, You J, Chen Y. Silibinin ameliorates hepatic lipid accumulation and oxidative stress in mice with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis by regulating CFLAR-JNK pathway. Acta Pharm Sin B 2019; 9:745-757. [PMID: 31384535 PMCID: PMC6664044 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2019.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Revised: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is a chronic metabolic syndrome and the CFLAR-JNK pathway can reverse the process of NASH. Although silibinin is used for the treatment of NASH in clinical, its effect on CFLAR-JNK pathway in NASH remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the effect of silibinin on CFLAR-JNK pathway in NASH models both in vivo and in vitro. The in vivo study was performed using male C57BL/6 mice fed with methionine- choline-deficient diet and simultaneously treated with silibinin for 6 weeks. The in vitro study was performed by using mouse NCTC-1469 cells which were respectively pretreated with oleic acid plus palmitic acid, and adenovirus-down Cflar for 24 h, then treated with silibinin for 24 h. After the drug treatment, the key indicators involved in CFLAR-JNK pathway including hepatic injury, lipid metabolism and oxidative stress were determined. Silibinin significantly activated CFLAR and inhibited the phosphorylation of JNK, up-regulated the mRNA expression of Pparα, Fabp5, Cpt1α, Acox, Scd-1, Gpat and Mttp, reduced the activities of serum ALT and AST and the contents of hepatic TG, TC and MDA, increased the expression of NRF2 and the activities of CAT, GSH-Px and HO-1, and decreased the activities and expression of CYP2E1 and CYP4A in vivo. These effects were confirmed by the in vitro experiments. Silibinin prevented NASH by regulating CFLAR-JNK pathway, and thereby on one hand promoting the β-oxidation and efflux of fatty acids in liver to relieve lipid accumulation, and on the other hand inducing antioxidase activity (CAT, GSH-Px and HO-1) and inhibiting pro-oxidase activity (CYP2E1 and CYP4A) to relieve oxidative stress.
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Key Words
- 2-NBDG, 2-(N-(7-nitrobenz-2-oxa-1,3-diazol-4-yl) amino)-2-deoxyglucose
- ALT, alanine aminotransferase
- AST, aspartate aminotransferase
- Acox, acyl-coenzyme A oxidase X
- Akt, serine–threonine protein kinase
- CAT, catalase
- CFLAR
- CFLAR, caspase 8 and Fas-associated protein with death domain-like apoptosis regulator
- CYP2E1, cytochrome P450 2E1
- CYP4A, cytochrome P450 4A
- Cpt1α, carnitine palmitoyl transferase 1α
- Fabp5, fatty acid-binding proteins 5
- GSH-Px, glutathione peroxidase
- Gpat, glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase
- HE, hematoxylin–eosin
- HO-1, heme oxygenase 1
- IR, insulin resistance
- IRS1, insulin receptor substrate 1
- JNK, c-Jun N-terminal kinase
- Lipid accumulation
- MAPK, mitogen-activated protein kinase
- MCD, methionine- and choline-deficient
- MCS, methionine- and choline-sufficient
- MDA, malondialdehyde
- MT, Masson–Trichrome
- Mttp, microsomal triglyceride transfer protein
- NAFLD, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
- NASH
- NASH, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis
- NF-κB, nuclear factor κB
- NRF2, nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2
- OA, oleic acid
- ORO, oil red O
- Oxidation stress
- PA, palmitic acid
- PI3K, phosphatidylinositol 3-hydroxy kinase
- Pnpla3, phospholipase domain containing 3
- Pparα, peroxisome proliferator activated receptor α
- SD, Sprague–Dawley
- Scd-1, stearoyl-coenzyme A desaturase-1
- Silibinin
- Srebp-1c, sterol regulatory element binding protein-1C
- TC, total cholesterol
- TG, triglyceride
- pIRS1, phosphorylation of insulin receptor substrate 1
- pJNK, phosphorylation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Yong Chen
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Chinese Traditional Medicine, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of High-throughput Drug Screening Technology, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China
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Sun L, Pang Y, Wang X, Wu Q, Liu H, Liu B, Liu G, Ye M, Kong W, Jiang C. Ablation of gut microbiota alleviates obesity-induced hepatic steatosis and glucose intolerance by modulating bile acid metabolism in hamsters. Acta Pharm Sin B 2019; 9:702-710. [PMID: 31384531 PMCID: PMC6664038 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2019.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Revised: 12/30/2018] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Since metabolic process differs between humans and mice, studies were performed in hamsters, which are generally considered to be a more appropriate animal model for studies of obesity-related metabolic disorders. The modulation of gut microbiota, bile acids and the farnesoid X receptor (FXR) axis is correlated with obesity-induced insulin resistance and hepatic steatosis in mice. However, the interactions among the gut microbiota, bile acids and FXR in metabolic disorders remained largely unexplored in hamsters. In the current study, hamsters fed a 60% high-fat diet (HFD) were administered vehicle or an antibiotic cocktail by gavage twice a week for four weeks. Antibiotic treatment alleviated HFD-induced glucose intolerance, hepatic steatosis and inflammation accompanied with decreased hepatic lipogenesis and elevated thermogenesis in subcutaneous white adipose tissue (sWAT). In the livers of antibiotic-treated hamsters, cytochrome P450 family 7 subfamily B member 1 (CYP7B1) in the alternative bile acid synthesis pathway was upregulated, contributing to a more hydrophilic bile acid profile with increased tauro-β-muricholic acid (TβMCA). The intestinal FXR signaling was suppressed but remained unchanged in the liver. This study is of potential translational significance in determining the role of gut microbiota-mediated bile acid metabolism in modulating diet-induced glucose intolerance and hepatic steatosis in the hamster.
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Key Words
- ALT, alanine amino-transferase
- AST, aspartate transaminase
- AUC, area under curve
- ApoB, apolipoprotein B
- BAs, bile acids
- BSH, bile acid hydrolase
- CA, cholic acid
- CAPE, caffeic acid phenethyl ester
- CDCA, chenodeoxycholic acid
- CETP, cholesterol ester transfer protein
- CYP27A1, cytochrome P450 family 27 subfamily A member 1
- CYP7A1, cytochrome P450 family 7 subfamily A member 1
- CYP7B1
- CYP7B1, cytochrome P450 family 7 subfamily B member 1
- CYP8B1, cytochrome P450 family 8 subfamily B member 1
- DCA, deoxycholic acid
- FGF15/19, fibroblast growth factor 15/19
- FXR
- FXR, farnesoid X receptor
- GCA, glycocholic acid
- GCDCA, glycochenodeoxycholic acid
- GTT, glucose tolerance test
- Gut microbiota
- H&E, hematoxylin and eosin
- HFD, high fat diet
- ITT, insulin tolerance test
- LCA, lithocholic acid
- Metabolic disorders
- NAFLD, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
- NASH, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis
- PBA/SBA, primary bile acids to secondary bile acids
- T2D, type 2 diabetes
- TC, total cholesterol
- TCA, taurocholic acid
- TG, triglycerides
- TβMCA
- TβMCA, tauro-β-muricholic acid
- UDCA, ursodeoxycholic acid
- UPLC–MS/MS, ultra performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry
- VLDL, very low-density lipoprotein
- eWAT, epididymal white adipose tissue
- sWAT, subcutaneous white adipose tissue
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Affiliation(s)
- Lulu Sun
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, and the Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yuanyuan Pang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, and the Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xuemei Wang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, and the Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Qing Wu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, and the Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Huiying Liu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, and the Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Bo Liu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, and the Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100191, China
| | - George Liu
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences and Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Min Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Wei Kong
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, and the Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Changtao Jiang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, and the Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100191, China
- Corresponding author.
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Bilia AR, Bergonzi MC. The G115 standardized ginseng extract: an example for safety, efficacy, and quality of an herbal medicine. J Ginseng Res 2019; 44:179-193. [PMID: 32148399 PMCID: PMC7031746 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgr.2019.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Revised: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Ginseng products on the market show high variability in their composition and overall quality. This becomes a challenge for both consumers and health-care professionals who are in search of high-quality, reliable ginseng products that have a proven safety and efficacy profile. The botanical extract standardization is of crucial importance in this context as it determines the reproducibility of the quality of the product that is essential for the evaluation of effectiveness and safety. This review focuses on the well-characterized and standardized ginseng extract, G115, which represents an excellent example of an herbal drug preparation with constant safety and efficacy within the herbal medicinal products. Over the many decades, extensive preclinical and clinical research has been conducted to evaluate the efficacy and safety of G115. In vitro and in vivo studies of G115 have shown pharmacological effects on physical performance, cognitive function, metabolism, and the immune system. Furthermore, a significant number of G115 clinical studies, most of them double-blind placebo-controlled, have reinforced the findings of preclinical evidence and proved the efficacy of this extract on blood glucose and lipid regulation, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, energy, physical performance, and immune and cognitive functions. Clinical trials and 50 years of presence on the market are proof of a good safety profile of G115.
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Key Words
- 3′,5′-AMP, adenosine 3′5′ monophosphate
- AMPK, 5′ AMP-activated protein kinase
- ATP, adenosine triphosphate
- Blood glucose and lipid regulation
- CDR, cognitive drug research
- CDRI, cognitive drug research index
- CO, crossover
- COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
- Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
- DB, double-blind
- DER, drug extract ratio
- Energy and physical performance
- FBG, fasting blood glucose
- FEF50, forced expiratory flow50
- FEF75, forced expiratory flow75
- FER, forced expiratory ratio
- FEV1, forced expiration volume in one second
- FEV1/FVC, ratio of FEV1/FVC
- FVC, forced vital capacity
- G115 standardized ginseng extract
- G115, standardized root extract of P. ginseng Meyer
- GACPs, good agricultural and collection practices
- GMPs, good manufacturing practices
- HDL-c, high-density lipoprotein
- HMPs, herbal medicinal products
- HbAlc, glycated hemoglobin
- Immune and cognitive functions
- LA, lipoic acid
- LDLc, low-density lipoprotein
- MVV, maximum ventilation volume
- PC, placebo-controlled
- PEF, peak expiration flow
- PEFR, peak expiration flow rate
- PFTs, pulmonary function tests
- PG, parallel group
- PGC-1α, proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator-1α
- PS, pilot study
- PaO2, blood oxygen pressure
- R, randomized
- RVIP, rapid visual information processing
- S-SIgA, SIgA secretion rate
- SB, single-blind
- SFR, saliva flow rate
- SIRT1, sirtuin 1
- SIgA, secretory immunoglobulin A
- TC, total cholesterol
- TG, triglyceride
- VLDL, very-low-density lipoprotein
- VO2 max, maximal oxygen consumption
- WHO, World Health Organization
- pO2, partial oxygen pressure
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna R Bilia
- Department of Chemistry, School of Human Health Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Maria C Bergonzi
- Department of Chemistry, School of Human Health Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
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Liu Y, Poon S, Seeman E, Hare DL, Bui M, Iuliano S. Fat from dairy foods and 'meat' consumed within recommended levels is associated with favourable serum cholesterol levels in institutionalised older adults. J Nutr Sci 2019; 8:e10. [PMID: 30918631 DOI: 10.1017/jns.2019.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Revised: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 02/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
CVD is common in older adults. Consumption of ‘meat’ (beef, pork, lamb, game, poultry, seafood, eggs) and dairy foods (milk, cheese, yoghurt) is encouraged in older adults as these foods provide protein and nutrients such as essential fatty acids, Ca, Fe, Zn and vitamins A, D and B12 required for healthy ageing. However, these foods also contain saturated fats considered detrimental to cardiovascular health. To determine the effect of their consumption on CVD risk we assessed associations between fat intake from ‘meat’ and dairy foods and serum cholesterol levels in 226 aged-care residents (mean age 85·5 years, 70 % female). Dietary intake was determined over 2 d using visual estimation of plate waste. Fat content of foods was determined using nutrition analysis software (Xyris, Australia). Fasting serum total cholesterol (TC), LDL-cholesterol and HDL-cholesterol were measured, and the TC:HDL-cholesterol ratio calculated. Associations were determined using random-effect models adjusted for CVD risk factors using STATA/IC 13.0. Total fat and saturated fat from ‘meat’ and dairy foods were associated with higher serum HDL-cholesterol levels, and dairy fat intake and number of servings were associated with a lower TC:HDL-cholesterol ratio. Every 10 g higher intake of fat and saturated fat from dairy products, and each additional serving was associated with a −0·375 (95 % CI −0·574, −0·175; P = 0·0002), a −0·525 (95 % CI −0·834, −0·213; P = 0·001) and a −0·245 (95 % CI −0·458, −0·033; P = 0·024) lower TC:HDL-cholesterol ratio, respectively. Provision of dairy foods and ‘meat’ in recommended amounts to institutionalised older adults potentially improves intakes of key nutrients with limited detriment to cardiovascular health.
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Matsumoto S, Beeson WL, Shavlik DJ, Siapco G, Jaceldo-Siegl K, Fraser G, Knutsen SF. Association between vegetarian diets and cardiovascular risk factors in non-Hispanic white participants of the Adventist Health Study-2. J Nutr Sci 2019; 8:e6. [PMID: 30828449 DOI: 10.1017/jns.2019.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Revised: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The association between dietary patterns and CVD risk factors among non-Hispanic whites has not been fully studied. Data from 650 non-Hispanic white adults who participated in one of two clinical sub-studies (about 2 years after the baseline) of the Adventist Health Study-2 (AHS-2) were analysed. Four dietary patters were identified using a validated 204-item semi-quantitative FFQ completed at enrolment into AHS-2: vegans (8·3 %), lacto-ovo-vegetarians (44·3 %), pesco-vegetarians (10·6 %) and non-vegetarians (NV) (37·3 %). Dietary pattern-specific prevalence ratios (PR) of CVD risk factors were assessed adjusting for confounders with or without BMI as an additional covariable. The adjusted PR for hypertension, high total cholesterol and high LDL-cholesterol were lower in all three vegetarian groups. Among the lacto-ovo-vegetarians the PR were 0·57 (95 % CI 0·45, 0·73), 0·72 (95 % CI 0·59, 0·88) and 0·72 (95 % CI 0·58, 0·89), respectively, which remained significant after additionally adjusting for BMI. The vegans and the pesco-vegetarians had similar PR for hypertension at 0·46 (95 % CI 0·25, 0·83) and 0·62 (95 % CI 0·42, 0·91), respectively, but estimates were attenuated and marginally significant after adjustment for BMI. Compared with NV, the PR of obesity and abdominal adiposity, as well as other CVD risk factors, were significantly lower among the vegetarian groups. Similar results were found when limiting analyses to participants not being treated for CVD risk factors, with the vegans having the lowest mean BMI and waist circumference. Thus, compared with the diet of NV, vegetarian diets were associated with significantly lower levels of CVD risk factors among the non-Hispanic whites.
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Key Words
- AHS-2, Adventist Health Study-2
- Adventist Health Study-2
- BP, blood pressure
- Bio-MRS, Biologic Manifestations of Religion Study
- Cardiovascular risk factors
- DBP, diastolic blood pressure
- DM, diabetes mellitus
- Diets
- Disease prevalence
- EPIC, European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition
- FBG, fasting blood glucose
- HDL-C, HDL-cholesterol
- HR, hazard ratio
- LDL-C, LDL-cholesterol
- LOV, lacto-ovo-vegetarian
- Lipids
- MDS, Mediterranean Diet Score
- NV, non-vegetarian
- PR, prevalence ratio
- PV, pesco-vegetarian
- SBP, systolic blood pressure
- TC, total cholesterol
- VG, vegan
- Vegetarian dietary patterns
- WC, waist circumference
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Nawale S, Padma Priya K, Pranusha P, Ganga Raju M. Data of antihyperlipidaemic activity for methanolic extract of Tagetes patula Linn. flower head along with piperine, as bioavailability enhancer. Data Brief 2018; 21:587-597. [PMID: 30377647 PMCID: PMC6202789 DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2018.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Revised: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 10/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The data present in this article is associated with influence of piperine (secondary metabolite) on the antihyperlipidemic and antioxidant activity of methanolic extract of Tagetes patula (METP). METP was evaluated for antihyperlipidemic and antioxidant potential. Phytoconstituents of METP were identified using gas chromatography linked with a mass spectrometer. in vivo antihyperlipidemic activity of METP at the dose of 200 and 400 mg/kg b. wt. and 200 and 400 mg/kg b. wt. along with piperine (20 mg/kg b. wt.) were evaluated by Propylthiouracil induced and Triton X-100 induced hyperlipidemia in rats. Propylthiouracil significantly increased the serum TC (p<0.01), TG (p<0.01), LDL (p<0.01) and VLDL (p<0.01) levels and induction of HDL (p<0.01) at a dose of 400 mg/kg b. wt. along with piperine. Triton X-100 at a single dose of i.p increased lipid levels within 48 h. Increased lipid levels were significantly reduced TC (p<0.01), TG (p<0.01), LDL (p<0.05) and VLDL (p<0.05) by METP at doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg b. wt. along with piperine. Current data were also supported by histological study of livers, Cord pattern of hepatocytes, few periportal lymphocytes in focal area observed in hyperlipidemic rats and hepatocyte, periportal and centrilobular region of liver appear normal in treated group. METP along with piperine (capability to enhance bioavailability and has a property of increasing oral absorption of drugs) showed promising antioxidant and antihyperlipidemic activity which suggests the further use of Tagetes patula extract for the management of hyperlipidemia and atherosclerosis.
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Key Words
- ANOVA, Analysis of variance
- Antihyperlipidemic activity
- Bioavailability
- CPCSEA, Committee for the purpose of control and supervision of experimentation on animals
- GC–MS
- GC–MS, gas chromatography and mass spectrometry
- HDL, high density lipoprotein
- IAEC, Institutional Animal Ethical Committee
- LDL, low density lipoprotein
- METP, Methanolic extract of Tagetes patula flower heads
- NO, nitric oxide
- OECD, Economic Cooperation and Development
- PTU, propylthiouracil
- Piperine
- ROS, Reactive oxygen species
- SEM, standard error of mean
- TC, total cholesterol
- TG, triglycerides
- Tagetes patula
- Triton X-100
- VLDL, very low density lipoprotein
- b. wt, body weight
- i.p, intraperitoneal
- p.o, per oral
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Affiliation(s)
- Sneha Nawale
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Gokaraju Rangaraju College of Pharmacy, Bachupally, Hyderabad 500090, India
- Corresponding author.
| | - K. Padma Priya
- Gokaraju Rangaraju College of Pharmacy, Bachupally, Hyderabad 500090, India
| | - P. Pranusha
- Department of Pharmacology, Gokaraju Rangaraju College of Pharmacy, Bachupally, Hyderabad 500090, India
| | - M. Ganga Raju
- Department of Pharmacology, Gokaraju Rangaraju College of Pharmacy, Bachupally, Hyderabad 500090, India
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Abstract
Intake of high-fat/high-sucrose (HFS) diet or high fat diet influences bone metabolism in young rodents, but its effects on bone properties of aged rodents still remain unclear. This study aimed to examine the effects of HFS diet intake on trabecular bone architecture (TBA) and cortical bone geometry (CBG) in aged rats. Fifteen male Wistar rats over 1 year were randomly divided into two groups. One group was fed a standard laboratory diet (SLD) and the other group was fed a HFS diet for six months. The femur/tibia, obtained from both groups at the end of experimental period, were scanned by micro-computed tomography for TBA/CBG analyses. Serum biochemical analyses were also conducted. Body weight was significantly higher in the HFS group than in the SLD group. In both femur and tibia, the HFS group showed higher trabecular/cortical bone mass in reference to bone mineral content, volume bone mineral density and TBA/CBG parameters compared with the SLD group. In addition, serum calcium, inorganic phosphorus, total protein, triacylglycerol, HDL and TRACP-5b levels were significantly higher in the HFS group than in the SLD group. There were good correlations between body weight and bone parameters in the femur and tibia. These results suggest that HFS diet intake results in higher bone mass in aged rats. Such effects of HFS diet intake might have been induced by increased body weight.
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Key Words
- ALP, alkaline phosphatase
- Aged rats
- BMC, bone mineral content
- BMD, bone mineral density
- BV, bone volume
- BV/TV, bone volume fraction
- CBG, cortical bone geometry
- CV, cortical bone volume
- CV/(CV + MV), cortical volume fraction
- Ca, calcium
- Conn.D, connectivity density
- Cortical bone geometry
- Ct.Ar, cortical bone sectional area
- Ct.Th, cortical bone thickness
- DXA, dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry
- Ec.Pm, endocortical perimeter
- HDL, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol
- HFD, high fat diet
- HFS, high-fat/high-sucrose
- High-fat sucrose diet
- IP, inorganic phosphorus
- LDL, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol
- MV, medullary volume
- Micro-computed tomography
- OC, osteocalcin
- Ps.Pm, periosteal perimeter
- SLD, standard laboratory diet
- TBA, trabecular bone architecture
- TBPf, trabecular bone pattern factor
- TC, total cholesterol
- TG, triacylglycerol
- TMD, tissue mineral density
- TP, total protein
- TRACP-5b, tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase-5b
- TV, tissue volume
- Tb.N, trabecular number
- Tb.Sp, trabecular separation
- Tb.Th, trabecular thickness
- Tb.W, trabecular width
- Trabecular bone architecture
- VOI, volume of interest
- micro-CT, x-ray micro-computed tomography
- vBMD, volume BMD
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Minematsu
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Health Science, Kio University, 4-2-2 Umaminaka, Koryo-cho, Kitakatsuragi-gun, Nara 635-0832, Japan
| | - Yasue Nishii
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Health Science, Kio University, 4-2-2 Umaminaka, Koryo-cho, Kitakatsuragi-gun, Nara 635-0832, Japan
| | - Susumu Sakata
- Department of Physiology, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijou-cho, Kashihara, Nara 634-8521, Japan
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Magge SN, Prasad D, Zemel BS, Kelly A. Vitamin D3 supplementation in obese, African-American, vitamin D deficient adolescents. J Clin Transl Endocrinol 2018; 12:1-7. [PMID: 29892560 PMCID: PMC5992315 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcte.2018.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2018] [Revised: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Objectives Obese, African-American (AA) adolescents are at increased risk for vitamin D deficiency. The primary objective of this pilot study was to examine the effect of vitamin D supplementation upon 25-hydroxy vitamin D (25OHD) levels in obese, AA adolescents. Methods A randomized, double-blinded, controlled pilot study included 26 obese (BMI ≥ 95%ile), vitamin D deficient (25OHD < 20 ng/mL), pubertal AA adolescents (ages 12-17). Subjects received cholecalciferol 1000 IU or 5000 IU daily for 3 months. Serum 25OHD, vitamin D binding protein, parathyroid hormone, and cardiometabolic risk markers were obtained at baseline and post-treatment. Results Of 39 subjects enrolled, 26 (67%) were vitamin D deficient (mean 25OHD 12.0 ± 3.8 ng/mL) at baseline and were randomized, with 22 completing the study. Sex, age, season, pubertal stage, BMI, insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and 25OHD were similar at baseline between the 1000 IU and 5000 IU groups. Post-treatment, 25OHD increased less in the 1000 IU group (5.6 ng/mL, p = 0.03) vs. the 5000 IU group (15.6 ng/mL, p = 0.002). 83% of the 5000 IU group and 30% of the 1000 IU group reached post-treatment 25OHD ≥ 20 ng/mL (p = 0.01); 50% of the 5000 IU group, but no subject from the 1000 IU group, achieved 25OHD ≥ 30 ng/mL (p = 0.009). We detected no group differences in mineral metabolites or cardiometabolic risk markers following supplementation. Conclusions Cholecalciferol dosing in excess of the current Institute of Medicine dietary reference intakes was required to achieve 25OHD levels ≥20 ng/mL in obese, AA adolescents. Supplementation of 5000 IU may be required to achieve the desired goal.
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Key Words
- 25OHD, 25-hydroxy vitamin D
- AA, African-American
- AAP, American Academy of Pediatrics
- BG, blood glucose
- BMI, body mass index
- CHOP, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia
- CMR, cardiometabolic risk
- CTRC, Clinical and Translational Research Center
- CV, coefficient of variation
- DRIs, dietary reference intakes
- DXA, dual X-ray absorptiometry
- ELISA, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
- FA, fat area
- FMI, fat mass index
- HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol
- HOMA-IR, homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance
- IOM, Institute of Medicine
- IU, international units
- LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol
- NMR, nuclear magnetic resonance
- PTH, parathyroid hormone
- SD, standard deviation
- TC, total cholesterol
- TG, triglycerides
- VDBP, vitamin D binding protein
- hs-CRP, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheela N Magge
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, United States
| | - Divya Prasad
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, United States
| | - Babette S Zemel
- Division of GI, Hepatology and Nutrition, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, United States
| | - Andrea Kelly
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, United States
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