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Halkai RS, Halkai KR, Aneesha YA, Naaz S. In vitro comparative evaluation of antioxidative effect of selenium alone and in combination with green tea and alpha-tocopherol on the shear bond strength of universal composite resin to enamel after in-office bleaching. J Conserv Dent Endod 2024; 27:57-61. [PMID: 38389745 PMCID: PMC10880481 DOI: 10.4103/jcde.jcde_146_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Background Antioxidant application soon after bleaching process increases the shear bond strength (SBS) of composite resin to enamel. Aims The aim of the study was to evaluate the antioxidant effects of selenium alone and in combination with alpha-tocopherol (αT) and green tea (GT) on SBS of composite resin to enamel following in-office bleaching with 38% hydrogen peroxide (HP). Methods Sixty extracted human single -rooted premolar teeth were cleaned and embedded in acrylic resin blocks at the level of cementoenamel junction(CEJ) followed by bleaching with 38% hydrogen peroxide (HP) and arbitrarily divided into seven groups (n=10) for antioxidant application: Group I (negative control): intact teeth, Group II (positive control): only bleaching, Group III: 10% selenium (Se), Group IV: 10% alpha tocopherol (αT), Group V: 10% αT +10% Se, Group VI: 10% Green tea (GT), Group VII: 10%GT+10% Se. In all groups, self-etch adhesive was applied and composite restoration was done, and specimens were stored in distilled water for 24h followed by SBS evaluation. Statistical Analysis One-way analysis of variance and post hoc Tukey's tests were used (P < 0.05). Results The highest SBS was found in negative control Group I (intact teeth) and least in positive control Group II (bleached teeth), whereas in experimental groups, Group VII (GT + Se) showed highest followed by Groups V (αT + Se), III (Se), and VI (GT) and least in Group IV (αT). Conclusion Combination of selenium with green tea and alpha tocopherol enhanced the SBS of composite resin following in-office bleaching.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul S. Halkai
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Al-Badar Rural Dental College and Hospital, Kalaburgi, Karnataka, India
| | - Kiran R. Halkai
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Al-Badar Rural Dental College and Hospital, Kalaburgi, Karnataka, India
| | - Y. Ayshathul Aneesha
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Al-Badar Rural Dental College and Hospital, Kalaburgi, Karnataka, India
| | - Sameena Naaz
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Al-Badar Rural Dental College and Hospital, Kalaburgi, Karnataka, India
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Zaki SS, Ghorab SM, Tawfik MA, Shamaa MS. Can antioxidant treatment replace delay in bracket bonding? An in vitro study. BMC Oral Health 2023; 23:197. [PMID: 37009877 PMCID: PMC10069133 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-023-02894-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Deterioration in shear bond strength has been reported after immediate bracket bonding following hydrogen peroxide bleaching. This study compared the effectiveness of three antioxidant agents, namely, alpha-tocopherol, green tea extract, and sodium ascorbate, in reversing the bleaching effect and as possible alternatives to delayed bonding. METHODS A total of 105 extracted human premolars were arbitrarily assigned to 7 groups (n = 15 each), including group 1 as the unbleached control group and six experimental groups, which were bleached with 40% hydrogen peroxide in three sessions of 15 min each. In experimental group 2, bonding was performed immediately after bleaching, whereas in groups 3 and 4, bonding was delayed for 1 and 2 weeks, respectively; meanwhile, the specimens were immersed in artificial saliva at 37 °C. Groups 5, 6, and 7 were treated immediately after bleaching with 10% of alpha-tocopherol, green tea extract, and sodium ascorbate solutions, respectively, for 15 min. Specimens were processed using 500 thermal cycles between 5 and 55 °C, with a dwell time of 30 s after 24 h of bracket bonding, and then tested for shear bond strength. The adhesive remnant index was examined to evaluate fracture mode. One-way analysis of variance, Kruskal-Wallis H, and post hoc Tukey's honestly significant difference tests were used to compare the data. Significant results were subjected to pairwise comparisons with Bonferroni's correction-adjusted of p values ≤ 0.050. RESULTS Shear bond strength was significantly lower (p < 0.001) in the immediate bonding and 1-week delay groups than in the control group. However, no significant difference was detected among the 2-week delay, antioxidant-treated, and control groups (p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Application of 10% alpha-tocopherol, green tea extract, or sodium ascorbate for 15 min could restore shear bond strength after 40% hydrogen peroxide bleaching as an alternative to delay in bracket bonding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaimaa S Zaki
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Mansoura, Egypt.
| | - Sayed M Ghorab
- Department of Dental Biomaterials, Faculty of Dentistry, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Marwa A Tawfik
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Marwa S Shamaa
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Mansoura, Egypt
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de Oliveira VA, Oliveira IKF, Pereira IC, Mendes LKF, Carneiro da Silva FC, Torres-Leal FL, de Castro E Sousa JM, Paiva ADA. Consumption and supplementation of vitamin E in breast cancer risk, treatment, and outcomes: A systematic review with meta-analysis. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2023; 54:215-226. [PMID: 36963866 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2023.01.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Robust evidence have shown diet or dietary components in playing a direct role on cancer chemoprevention such as breast cancer (BC), and also prevention against cancer therapy side effects. In this context, vitamin E isoforms have been associated with tumor suppression pathways, mainly related to proliferation, invasion, metastasis, tumor metabolism and chemoresistance. OBJECTIVE Therefore, we performed a systematic review with meta-analysis to assess the effects of vitamin E consumption and/or supplementation on breast cancer risk, treatment, and outcomes. METHODS The studies were selected in the electronic databases PubMed, Science Direct, Scopus and Web of Science. RESULTS A total of 22 articles were selected, which nine manuscripts we perform the meta-analysis. The summary effect estimate did not indicate any significant association between consumption versus non-consumption of total vitamin E and breast cancer risk. After assessing the effects of vitamin E supplementation on breast cancer risk, only two had data for comparison and vitamin E supplementation presented no impact on breast cancer risk. However, the summary effect estimate from the included studies indicated that vitamin E consumption was inversely associated with breast cancer recurrence in the control group. There are no significant results regarding dietary or supplemental vitamin E intake and BC risk reduction. CONCLUSION Finally, regarding recurrence, survival, and mortality, the results indicated that vitamin E consumption was inversely associated with breast cancer recurrence, although no association was found for breast cancer mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Alves de Oliveira
- Departament of Nutrition, Campus Senador Helvídio Nunes de Barros - CSHNB, Federal University of Piauí - UFPI, Picos, PI, Brazil; Post-graduate Program of Food and Nutrition, Federal University of Piauí - UFPI, PI, Brazil.
| | | | - Irislene Costa Pereira
- Metabolic Diseases, Exercise and Nutrition Research Group (DOMEN) Department of Biophysics and Physiology, Center for Health Sciences, Federal University of Piaui, Teresina, Brazil
| | - Layza Karyne Farias Mendes
- Departament of Nutrition, Campus Senador Helvídio Nunes de Barros - CSHNB, Federal University of Piauí - UFPI, Picos, PI, Brazil
| | | | - Francisco Leonardo Torres-Leal
- Metabolic Diseases, Exercise and Nutrition Research Group (DOMEN) Department of Biophysics and Physiology, Center for Health Sciences, Federal University of Piaui, Teresina, Brazil
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Liu X, Finno CJ, Beck T, Dhana K, Tangney C, Desai P, Krueger K, Evans DA, Rajan KB. Association of Vitamin E and Cognitive Decline in Older Adults with and without the APOEɛ4 Allele: A Biracial Population-Based Community Study. J Alzheimers Dis 2023; 96:1129-1138. [PMID: 37955092 PMCID: PMC10947793 DOI: 10.3233/jad-230797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The association of different types of tocopherols (vitamin E) with cognition might vary by the APOEɛ4 allele status. OBJECTIVE We examined the association of dietary tocopherols with cognitive decline among participants with and without the APOEɛ4 allele over a median of 12 years. METHODS 2,193 participants from the Chicago Health and Aging Project were included in the analyses. Global cognition was assessed in three-year cycles. We used a 144-item FFQ to assess dietary intakes of tocopherols and hME Sequenom mass-array platform to assess APOE genotype. We used linear mixed effects models to examine the relationship between tocopherol from food sources and global cognitive decline. RESULTS The mean baseline age was 74.1 (SD = 5.9) years. Among APOEɛ4 carriers, participants in the highest quintile of intakes of dietary vitamin E had a slower cognitive decline of 0.022 SDU (95% CI: 0.000, 0.043) compared to those in the lowest quintile. A higher intake of dietary α-tocopherol from food sources only was associated with slower cognitive decline in APOEɛ4 carriers (p for trend 0.002) but not among the non-carriers (p for trend 0.937). Among APOEɛ4 carriers, those in the highest quintile of intake of α-tocopherol had a 16.4% slower rate of decline of global cognition compared to those in the lowest quintile (β= 0.034, 95% CI: 0.013, 0.054). CONCLUSIONS Individuals consuming high α-tocopherol from food sources had slower cognitive decline among APOEɛ4 carriers. In older adults, different forms of vitamin E might moderate the relationship of APOEɛ4 with global cognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoran Liu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
- Rush Institute for Healthy Aging, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Carrie J. Finno
- Department of Population, Health & Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, UC Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Todd Beck
- Department of Internal Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
- Rush Institute for Healthy Aging, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Klodian Dhana
- Department of Internal Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
- Rush Institute for Healthy Aging, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Christy Tangney
- Department of Clinical Nutrition & Preventive Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Pankaja Desai
- Department of Internal Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
- Rush Institute for Healthy Aging, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Kristin Krueger
- Department of Internal Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
- Rush Institute for Healthy Aging, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Denis A Evans
- Department of Internal Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
- Rush Institute for Healthy Aging, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Kumar B Rajan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
- Rush Institute for Healthy Aging, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
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Bartolini D, Marinelli R, Stabile AM, Frammartino T, Guerrini A, Garetto S, Lucci J, Migni A, Zatini L, Marcantonini G, Rende M, Galli F. Wheat germ oil vitamin E cytoprotective effect and its nutrigenomics signature in human hepatocyte lipotoxicity. Heliyon 2022; 8:e10748. [PMID: 36193535 PMCID: PMC9525900 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e10748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Wheat germ oil (WGO) is rich in α-tocopherol (vitamin E, VE), a vitamin that has long been suggested to exert hepatoprotective effects. In this study, this function of WGO-VE and its transcriptomics fingerprint were investigated in comparison with RRR-α-tocopherol and all-rac-α-tocopherol (nVE and sVE, respectively), in human liver cells treated with oleic acid (OA) to develop steatosis and lipotoxicity. Used in chemoprevention mode, all the VE formulations afforded significant reduction of the OA-induced steatosis and its consequent impact on lipotoxicity indicators, including ROS production and efflux (as H2O2), and apoptotic and necrotic cell death. A trend toward a better control of lipotoxicity was observed for WGO-VE and nVE compared to sVE. Gene microarray data demonstrated that these effects of VE formulations were associated with significantly different responses of the cellular transcriptome to compensate for the modifications of OA treatment, including the downregulation of cellular homeostasis genes and the induction of genes associated with defects of liver cell metabolism, fibrosis and inflammation, liver disease and cancer. Ingenuity Pathway Analysis data showed that WGO-VE modulated genes associated with liver carcinogenesis and steatosis, whereas nVE modulated genes involved in liver cell metabolism and viability biofunctions; sVE did not significantly modulate any gene dataset relevant to such biofunctions. In conclusion, WGO-VE prevents lipotoxicity in human liver cells modulating genes that differ from those affected by the natural or synthetic forms of pure VE. These differences can be captured by precision nutrition tools, reflecting the molecular complexity of this VE-rich extract and its potential in preventing specific cues of hepatocellular lipotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Desirée Bartolini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lipidomics and Micronutrient Vitamins Lab. and Human Anatomy Lab., University of Perugia, 06126 Perugia, Italy
| | - Rita Marinelli
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lipidomics and Micronutrient Vitamins Lab. and Human Anatomy Lab., University of Perugia, 06126 Perugia, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Stabile
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Section of Human, Clinical and Forensic Anatomy, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Tiziana Frammartino
- Natural Bio-Medicine SpA, Loc. Aboca 20, 52037 Sansepolcro, AR, Italy.,Innovation and Medical Science Division, Aboca SpA Societa Agricola, Loc. Aboca 20, 52037 Sansepolcro, AR, Italy
| | - Angela Guerrini
- Natural Bio-Medicine SpA, Loc. Aboca 20, 52037 Sansepolcro, AR, Italy.,Innovation and Medical Science Division, Aboca SpA Societa Agricola, Loc. Aboca 20, 52037 Sansepolcro, AR, Italy
| | - Stefano Garetto
- Natural Bio-Medicine SpA, Loc. Aboca 20, 52037 Sansepolcro, AR, Italy.,Innovation and Medical Science Division, Aboca SpA Societa Agricola, Loc. Aboca 20, 52037 Sansepolcro, AR, Italy
| | - Jacopo Lucci
- Natural Bio-Medicine SpA, Loc. Aboca 20, 52037 Sansepolcro, AR, Italy.,Innovation and Medical Science Division, Aboca SpA Societa Agricola, Loc. Aboca 20, 52037 Sansepolcro, AR, Italy
| | - Anna Migni
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lipidomics and Micronutrient Vitamins Lab. and Human Anatomy Lab., University of Perugia, 06126 Perugia, Italy
| | - Linda Zatini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lipidomics and Micronutrient Vitamins Lab. and Human Anatomy Lab., University of Perugia, 06126 Perugia, Italy
| | - Giada Marcantonini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lipidomics and Micronutrient Vitamins Lab. and Human Anatomy Lab., University of Perugia, 06126 Perugia, Italy
| | - Mario Rende
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Section of Human, Clinical and Forensic Anatomy, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Francesco Galli
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lipidomics and Micronutrient Vitamins Lab. and Human Anatomy Lab., University of Perugia, 06126 Perugia, Italy
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Kasaai MR. Bio-nano-composites containing at least two components, chitosan and zein, for food packaging applications: A review of the nano-composites in comparison with the conventional counterparts. Carbohydr Polym 2022; 280:119027. [PMID: 35027129 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.119027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Both chitosan and zein are safe industrial biopolymers for the 21St century, respecting environmentally concerns. This review mainly is focused on preparations, properties and applications of a promising food packaging material, chitosan-zein nano-composite (NC). The properties and applications of the NCs were compared with their conventional counterparts. The structure of chitosan- zein composites was proposed. A procedure for preparations of conventional and nano zein-chitosan composites was proposed. The sizes of composites depend on molecular weight of chitosan and zein, the ratio of chitosan/zein, and pH of chitosan-zein solutions. The NCs had superior mechanical, antimicrobial, antioxidant, and barrier properties compared with the conventional ones. The properties of the composites were further improved by introduction of bioactive compounds, fillers or plasticizers. The composites have potential to employ as coatings/packaging materials to protect mushroom, meats, and fresh fruits and vegetables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Reza Kasaai
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University, Khazar Abad Road, Km. 9, P.O. Box, 578, Sari, Mazandaran, Iran.
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Miller AP, Black M, Amengual J. Fenretinide inhibits vitamin A formation from β-carotene and regulates carotenoid levels in mice. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2022; 1867:159070. [PMID: 34742949 PMCID: PMC8688340 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2021.159070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
N-[4-hydroxyphenyl]retinamide, commonly known as fenretinide, a synthetic retinoid with pleiotropic benefits for human health, is currently utilized in clinical trials for cancer, cystic fibrosis, and COVID-19. However, fenretinide reduces plasma vitamin A levels by interacting with retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4), which often results in reversible night blindness in patients. Cell culture and in vitro studies show that fenretinide binds and inhibits the activity of β-carotene oxygenase 1 (BCO1), the enzyme responsible for endogenous vitamin A formation. Whether fenretinide inhibits vitamin A synthesis in mammals, however, remains unknown. The goal of this study was to determine if the inhibition of BCO1 by fenretinide affects vitamin A formation in mice fed β-carotene. Our results show that wild-type mice treated with fenretinide for ten days had a reduction in tissue vitamin A stores accompanied by a two-fold increase in β-carotene in plasma (P < 0.01) and several tissues. These effects persisted in RBP4-deficient mice and were independent of changes in intestinal β-carotene absorption, suggesting that fenretinide inhibits vitamin A synthesis in mice. Using Bco1-/- and Bco2-/- mice we also show that fenretinide regulates intestinal carotenoid and vitamin E uptake by activating vitamin A signaling during short-term vitamin A deficiency. This study provides a deeper understanding of the impact of fenretinide on vitamin A, carotenoid, and vitamin E homeostasis, which is crucial for the pharmacological utilization of this retinoid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony P Miller
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois Urbana Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, United States of America.
| | - Molly Black
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois Urbana Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, United States of America.
| | - Jaume Amengual
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois Urbana Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, United States of America; Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois Urbana Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, United States of America.
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Jiang Q, Im S, Wagner JG, Hernandez ML, Peden DB. Gamma-tocopherol, a major form of vitamin E in diets: Insights into antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects, mechanisms, and roles in disease management. Free Radic Biol Med 2022; 178:347-359. [PMID: 34896589 PMCID: PMC8826491 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 11/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
γ-Tocopherol (γT) is a major form of vitamin E in the US diet and the second most abundant vitamin E in the blood and tissues, while α-tocopherol (αT) is the predominant vitamin E in tissues. During the last >25 years, research has revealed that γT has unique antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities relevant to disease prevention compared to αT. While both compounds are potent lipophilic antioxidants, γT but not αT can trap reactive nitrogen species by forming 5-nitro-γT, and appears to show superior protection of mitochondrial function. γT inhibits ionophore-stimulated leukotrienes by blocking 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX) translocation in leukocytes, decreases cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2)-catalyzed prostaglandins in macrophages and blocks the growth of cancer cells but not healthy cells. For these activities, γT is stronger than αT. Moreover, γT is more extensively metabolized than αT via cytochrome P-450 (CYP4F2)-initiated side-chain oxidation, which leads to formation of metabolites including 13'-carboxychromanol (13'-COOH) and carboxyethyl-hydroxychroman (γ-CEHC). 13'-COOH and γ-CEHC are shown to be the predominant metabolites found in feces and urine, respectively. Interestingly, γ-CEHC has natriuretic activity and 13'-COOH inhibits both COX-1/-2 and 5-LOX activity. Consistent with these mechanistic findings of γT and metabolites, studies show that supplementation of γT mitigates inflammation and disease symptoms in animal models with induced inflammation, asthma and cancer. In addition, supplementation of γT decreased inflammation markers in patients with kidney diseases and mild asthma. These observations support that γT may be useful against inflammation-associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Jiang
- Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, IN, 47907, West Lafayette, USA.
| | - Suji Im
- Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, IN, 47907, West Lafayette, USA
| | - James G Wagner
- Department of Pathobiology and Diagnostic Investigation, Michigan State University, USA
| | - Michelle L Hernandez
- Division of Allergy & Immunology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, USA
| | - David B Peden
- Division of Allergy & Immunology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, USA
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Hamedi-Kalajahi F, Zarezadeh M, Dehghani A, Musazadeh V, Kolahi A, Shabbidar S, Djafarian K. A systematic review and meta-analysis on the impact of oral vitamin E supplementation on apolipoproteins A1 and B100. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2021; 46:106-114. [PMID: 34857183 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2021.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the number one cause of mortality worldwide. Apolipoprotein B (ApoB), apolipoprotein A1 (ApoA1), and ApoB/ApoA1 ratio are considered as predictors of CVD alongside with lipid profile. Evidence suggest that nutrients with antioxidant properties, especially vitamin E, are essential for a healthy cardiovascular system. The aim of present meta-analysis was to determine the effect alpha-tocopherol on ApoA1 and ApoB levels. METHODS PubMed-Medline and SCOPUS databases and Google Scholar were searched up to July 2021. Random-effects model was employed to perform meta-analysis. In order to find heterogeneity sources, subgroup analysis was performed. Trim and fill analysis was performed in case of presence of publication bias. Quality assessment was performed using Cochrane Collaboration's tool. RESULTS Seven eligible studies, involving 1284 individuals were included. Mean age of participants ranged between 25.4 and 59 years. There was no significant effect of vitamin E supplementation on Apo A1 (SMD = 0.22 IU/d; 95% CI: -0.38, 0.28; P = 0.481) and Apo B levels (SMD = -0.62 IU/d; 95% CI: -1.94, 0.70; P = 0.360). CONCLUSION No remarkable effect of vitamin E supplementation was observed on ApoA1 and ApoB levels in adults. Additional studies investigating the influence of vitamin E on apolipoproteins as primary outcome with larger sample size are suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fateme Hamedi-Kalajahi
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Meysam Zarezadeh
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Nutrition Research Center, Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Azadeh Dehghani
- Department of Community Nutrition, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Science, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Vali Musazadeh
- Nutrition Research Center, Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ahmadreza Kolahi
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sakineh Shabbidar
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran.
| | - Kourosh Djafarian
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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10
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Ghasemi-Sadabadi M, Ebrahimnezhad Y, Maheri-Sis N, Ghalehkandi JG, Shaddel-Teli A. Immune response and antioxidant status of broilers as influenced by oxidized vegetable oil and pomegranate peel. J Anim Sci Technol 2021; 63:1034-1063. [PMID: 34796346 PMCID: PMC8564296 DOI: 10.5187/jast.2021.e99] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 07/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The experiment was designed as a 3 × 3 × 2 factorial arrangement of treatments, including (i) pomegranate peel (zero, 4%, and 8 percent), (ii) oxidized soybean oil (zero, 2%, and 4 percent), and (iii) alpha-tocopherol (zero and 200 mg/kg). Supplementation of 8% pomegranate peel in diets significantly decreased the growth performance of broiler chickens. The supplementation of 4% oxidized oil in diets significantly reduced body weight gain and Feed intake whole experimental period (p < 0.05). The results showed that supplementation of 4% pomegranate peel in the diet was associated with low aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine transaminase, and malondialdehyde (MDA). However, 4% pomegranate peel increased the total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities. The supplemental 4% oxidized oil increased the serum AST, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and MDA concentrations. TAC, SOD, and Catalase (CAT) activities were affected by 4% oxidized oil and alpha-tocopherol. The use of oxidized oil and vitamin E decreased MDA concentration. The serum glucose and globulin concentrations were significantly lower in the 8% pomegranate peel. The results showed that supplementation with 4% pomegranate peel in diets reduced serum low-density lipoprotein (LDL). The inclusion of 4% oxidized oil in diets reduced serum glucose and increased the blood lipid concentration such as triglyceride, cholesterol and LDL. Vitamin E supplementation reduced the serum cholesterol and LDL concentrations. The use of 8% pomegranate peel reduced red blood cell (RBC), hemoglobin, and packed cell value (PCV). The results indicated that supplementation with 8% pomegranate peel and 4% oxidized oil in diets decreased the immunoglobulin concentration in broilers. In addition, it was found that the inclusion of 4% pomegranate peel in diets resulted in higher IgG, IgM and total immunoglobulin. Pomegranate peel supplementation significantly decreased meat MDA concentration. Supplementation of 4% oxidized oil increased MDA of meat (p < 0.05). Vitamin E supplementation (200 mg/kg) significantly decreased MDA of meat (p < 0.05). Consequently, the results of this experiment showed that supplementation with 4% pomegranate peel had beneficial effects on broiler chickens. It was also found that feeding 2% oxidized oil in diets had no adverse effect on broilers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Ghasemi-Sadabadi
- Department of Animal Science, Shabestar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shabestar, East Azerbaijan, Iran
| | - Yahya Ebrahimnezhad
- Department of Animal Science, Shabestar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shabestar, East Azerbaijan, Iran
| | - Naser Maheri-Sis
- Department of Animal Science, Shabestar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shabestar, East Azerbaijan, Iran
| | - Jamshid Ghiasi Ghalehkandi
- Department of Animal Science, Shabestar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shabestar, East Azerbaijan, Iran
| | - Abdolahad Shaddel-Teli
- Department of Animal Science, Shabestar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shabestar, East Azerbaijan, Iran
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11
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Atkinson J, Marquardt D, DiPasquale M, Harroun T. From fat to bilayers: Understanding where and how vitamin E works. Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 176:73-79. [PMID: 34555454 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Vitamin E was one of the last fat-soluble vitamins to be discovered. We provide here an historical review of the discovery and the increasingly more detailed understanding of the role of α-tocopherol both as an antioxidant and as a structural component of phospholipid bilayer membranes. Despite the detailed descriptions now available of the orientation, location, and dynamics of α-tocopherol in lipid bilayers, there are still gaps in our knowledge of the effect of α-tocopherol and its potential receptors than control gene transcription.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey Atkinson
- Department of Chemistry, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, L2S3A1, Canada.
| | - Drew Marquardt
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Windsor, ON, N9B 3P4, Canada; Department of Physics, Windsor, ON, N9B 3P4, Canada
| | | | - Thad Harroun
- Department of Physics, and Centre for Bone and Muscle Health, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, L2S3A1, Canada
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12
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Srivastava M, Yeluri R. The effect of 10% alpha-tocopherol solution and 5% grape seed extract on the microhardness and shear bond strength to bleached dentin. Dent Res J (Isfahan) 2021; 18:54. [PMID: 34497689 PMCID: PMC8404561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Revised: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/23/2021] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of 10% alpha-tocopherol and 5% grape seed extract on the microhardness and shear bond strength (SBS) to bleached human dentin. MATERIALS AND METHODS This in vitro study was done on 200 extracted premolars which were decoronated and grinded to get flat dentin surface occlusaly. They were divided into four groups: (a) bleaching, (b) bleaching and application of alpha-tocopherol, (c) bleaching and application of grape seed extract, and (d) control. Groups were further subdivided into Subgroups I and II (n = 30) based on storage period before building with composite and were then tested for microhardness and SBS determination. The data thus obtained was subjected to statistical analysis which was performed using ANOVA test and post hoc Tukey's test. The significance for the entire statistical test was predetermined at P < 0.05. RESULTS The results showed that the microhardness values were minimum in Group A (immediately after bleaching) and maximum in control group. Comparison of data using one-way ANOVA showed that the P value was highly significant (P < 0.001) among the groups. The intergroup comparison of SBS using post hoc Tukey's tests revealed that the P value was significant (P < 0.05) when the comparison was done between the Group A and Group C and Group B with Group D immediately after bleaching. CONCLUSION Adverse effects of bleaching can be reversed with the application of 10% alpha-tocopherol and 5% grape seed extract over the dentinal surface microhardness and SBS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manvi Srivastava
- Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, K.D. Dental College and Hospital, Mathura, Uttar Pradesh, India,Address for correspondence: Dr. Manvi Srivastava, Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, K.D. Dental College and Hospital, Mathura, Uttar Pradesh, India. E-mail:
| | - Ramakrishna Yeluri
- Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Teerthanker Mahaveer Dental College and Research Centre, Moradabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Ayoub R, Jarrar Q, Ali D, Moshawih S, Jarrar Y, Hakim M, Zakaria Z. Synthesis of Novel Esters of Mefenamic Acid with Pronounced Anti-nociceptive Effects and a Proposed Activity on GABA , Opioid and Glutamate Receptors. Eur J Pharm Sci 2021; 163:105865. [PMID: 33979659 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2021.105865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 04/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mefenamic acid (MFA), a commonly prescribed non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID), possesses a greater risk of dose-related central nervous system (CNS) toxicity than other NSAIDs. In this study, α-tocopherol and α-tocopherol acetate were selected as prodrug moieties for MFA in an attempt to reduce the CNS toxicity and enhance the therapeutic efficacy. METHOD α-tocopherol monoester of MFA (TMMA) and α-tocopherol di-ester of MFA (TDMA) were synthesized by esterification reaction and were subjected to various in vivo characterizations. RESULTS Masking of the carboxylate group of MFA with the proposed pro-moieties significantly (p<0.05) delayed the onset of tonic-clonic seizure in mice. Besides, the intraperitoneal administration of TMMA and TDMA in mice produced significantly (p<0.05) stronger anti-inflammatory effects in the carrageenan-induced paw edema test and greater anti-nociceptive effect in the acetic acid-induced writhing test than MFA at an equimolar dose of 20 mg/kg. Treatment with TMMA and TDMA caused a significant (p<0.05) inhibition of pain at 1st and 2nd phases of formalin-induced licking test in mice, whereas treatment with MFA inhibited the 2nd phase only. Pretreatment with naloxone and flumazenil significantly (p<0.05) reversed the anti-nociceptive effect of MFA, TMMA and TDMA in the acetic acid-induced writhing test. In addition, treatment with TMMA and TDMA caused significantly (p<0.05) a higher inhibition of pain in the glutamate-induced licking response in mice than MFA. CONCLUSION Masking the carboxylate moiety of MFA by α-tocopherol and α-tocopherol acetate has a great potential for reducing CNS toxicity, enhancing the therapeutic efficacy and altering the mode of anti-nociceptive action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rami Ayoub
- Department of applied pharmaceutical sciences and clinical pharmacy, Faculty of pharmacy, Isra University, Amman, Jordan
| | - Qais Jarrar
- Department of applied pharmaceutical sciences and clinical pharmacy, Faculty of pharmacy, Isra University, Amman, Jordan.
| | - Dalia Ali
- Department of applied pharmaceutical sciences and clinical pharmacy, Faculty of pharmacy, Isra University, Amman, Jordan
| | - Said Moshawih
- PAPRSB Institute of Health Sciences, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Gadong, Brunei Darussalam
| | - Yazun Jarrar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Zaytoonah University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Muhammad Hakim
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Zainul Zakaria
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
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Mitra NK, Xuan KY, Teo CC, Xian-Zhuang N, Singh A, Chellian J. Evaluation of neuroprotective effects of alpha-tocopherol in cuprizone-induced demyelination model of multiple sclerosis. Res Pharm Sci 2021; 15:602-611. [PMID: 33828603 PMCID: PMC8020858 DOI: 10.4103/1735-5362.301345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Revised: 07/05/2020] [Accepted: 07/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Purpose: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disorder characterized by demyelination and axonal loss. Quantitative estimation of behavioral, locomotor, and histological changes following the use of alpha-tocopherol (AT) in the animal model of MS have not been reported. The present study was planned to evaluate whether AT can improve sensorimotor dysfunction and reduce demyelination in the cuprizone (CPZ)-induced rat model of MS. Experimental approach: Female Sprague-Dawley rats (8 weeks) were fed with cuprizone diet for 5 weeks followed by intraperitoneal injections of alpha-tocopherol (100 mg/Kg) or PBS for 2 weeks (groups E1 and E2, n = 8). Group C (n = 8) was fed with normal pellets followed by intraperitoneal doses of PBS. Open-field test and beam walking were carried out on every 10th day. The mean area of demyelination in the corpus callosum was quantified in Luxol® fast blue (LFB) stained histological sections of the forebrain. Qualitative grading for relative changes in the stains of myelinated fibers was also done. Findings/Results: During withdrawal of CPZ, AT treatment increased the average speed by 22% in group E1, compared to group E2 (P < 0.05). The mean time to walk the beam was reduced in group E1 by 2.6% compared to group E2 (P < 0.05). The rearing frequency was increased in group E1 during week 6-7 compared to that in the period of CPZ treatment. The mean area of demyelination in the corpus callosum showed a 12% reduction in group E1 compared to group E2 (P < 0.05). Conclusion and implications: Short-term AT therapy showed improvement in motor dysfunction and reduction of demyelination in the animal model of MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nilesh Kumar Mitra
- Human Biology Division, School of Medicine, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil 57000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Kong Yu Xuan
- School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil 57000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Charmaine Caryn Teo
- School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil 57000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Ng Xian-Zhuang
- School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil 57000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Anudeep Singh
- Human Biology Division, School of Medicine, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil 57000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Jestin Chellian
- School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil 57000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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15
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Vieira V, Marx FO, Bassi LS, Santos MC, Oba A, de Oliveira SG, Maiorka A. Effect of age and different doses of dietary vitamin E on breast meat qualitative characteristics of finishing broilers. Anim Nutr 2021; 7:163-7. [PMID: 33997344 DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2020.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The supplementation of vitamin E on broiler chicken diets is essential to the prevention of lipid oxidation reactions in the meat and improvement of meat quality. The objective of this study was to assess the effect of different doses of dietary vitamin E on breast meat quality of broiler chickens in the finishing period. Five doses of vitamin E were used (30, 90, 150, 210, and 270 mg/kg feed) in broilers' diets from 42 to 54 d of age. A completely randomized design was conducted, followed by a split-plot, where the vitamin E dose was considered as the whole plot, and broilers’ age at slaughter was the subplot. Breast meat quality was assessed at 4 different ages (45, 48, 51, and 54 d old), using 50 birds per age, totaling 200 birds. Meat quality characteristics evaluated were: pH at 24 h post mortem, color (brightness, redness, and yellowness), water holding capacity, cooking loss, shear force, and lipid peroxidation. There was no interaction between age and dose of vitamin E for meat quality characteristics (P > 0.05). The age at slaughter had a quadratic effect (P < 0.05) on pH, brightness, redness, and water holding capacity. Although pH values were higher in the breast meat of older birds (51 and 52 d old), breast meat of younger birds (48 d) had a more reddish aspect. Shear force value was higher in breast meat of birds slaughtered at later ages (P < 0.01), as a linear age-effect was observed. Brightness increased linearly (P < 0.05) with higher vitamin doses, whereas treatments did not alter yellowness, cooking loss, and lipid peroxidation. In this study, increasing vitamin E doses in the finishing period increased the brightness of broiler breast meat, whereas slaughtering at later ages resulted in greater meat pH and shear force value.
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Nesari A, Mansouri MT, Khodayar MJ, Rezaei M. Preadministration of high-dose alpha-tocopherol improved memory impairment and mitochondrial dysfunction induced by proteasome inhibition in rat hippocampus. Nutr Neurosci 2021; 24:119-129. [PMID: 31084475 DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.2019.1601888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Objective: The ubiquitin-proteasome system plays a key role in memory consolidation. Proteasome inhibition and free radical-induced neural damage were implicated in neurodegenerative states. In this study, it was tested whether alpha-tocopherol (αT) in low and high doses could improve the long-term memory impairment induced by proteasome inhibition and protects against hippocampal oxidative stress. Methods: Alpha-tocopherol (αT) (60, 200 mg/kg, i.p. for 5 days) was administered to rats with memory deficit and hippocampal oxidative stress induced by bilateral intra-hippocampal injection of lactacystin (32 ng/μl) and mitochondrial evaluations were performed for improvement assessments. Results: The results showed that lactacystin significantly reduced the passive avoidance memory performance and increased the level of malondialdehyde (MDA), reactive oxygen species (ROS) and diminished the mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) in the rat hippocampus. Furthermore, Intraperitoneal administration of αT significantly increased the passive avoidance memory, glutathione content and reduced ROS, MDA levels and impaired MMP. Conclusions: The results suggested that αT has neuroprotective effects against lactacystin-induced oxidative stress and memory impairment via the enhancement of hippocampal antioxidant capacity and concomitant mitochondrial sustainability. This finding shows a way to prevent and also to treat neurodegenerative diseases associated with mitochondrial impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Nesari
- Department of Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Taghi Mansouri
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
- Department of Anesthesiology, Irving Medical Center, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mohammad Javad Khodayar
- Department of Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
- Toxicology Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Mohsen Rezaei
- Toxicology Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
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Abstract
Table olives, a product of olive tree (Olea europaea L.), is an important fermented product of the Mediterranean Diet. Agronomical factors, particularly the cultivar, the ripening stage and the processing method employed are the main factors influencing the nutritional and non-nutritional composition of table olives and their organoleptic properties. The important nutritional value of this product is due to its richness in monounsaturated fat (MUFA), mainly oleic acid, fibre and vitamin E together with the presence of several phytochemicals. Among these, hydroxytyrosol (HT) is the major phenolic compound present in all types of table olives. There is a scarcity of in vitro, in vivo and human studies of table olives. This review focused comprehensively on the nutrients and bioactive compound content as well as the health benefits assigned to table olives. The possible health benefits associated with their consumption are thought to be primarily related to effects of MUFA on cardiovascular health, the antioxidant (AO) capacity of vitamin E and its role in protecting the body from oxidative damage and the anti-inflammatory and AO activities of HT. The influence of multiple factors on composition of the end product and the potential innovation in the production of table olives through the reduction of its final salt content was also discussed.
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Key Words
- ALS, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
- AO, antioxidant
- Alpha-tocopherol
- BP, blood pressure
- CVD, cardiovascular disease
- DM-II, Diabetes Mellitus 2
- EFSA, European Food Safety Authority
- FM, fat mass
- GSH, glutathione
- HDL-c, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol
- HT, hydroxytyrosol
- LDL-c, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol
- MD, Mediterranean Diet
- MUFA, monounsaturated fat
- Mediterranean Diet
- Monounsaturated fat
- NO, nitric oxide
- NaCl, sodium chloride
- NaOH, sodium hydroxide
- Nrf2, nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2
- OL, oleuropein
- OO, olive oil
- PKC, protein kinase C
- PUFA, polyunsaturated fat
- Phenolic compounds
- RDA, Recommended Dietary Allowance
- ROS, reactive oxygen species
- TC, total cholesterol
- TG, triacylglycerol
- TG, triglyceride
- Table olives
- Ty, tyrosol
- WHO, World Health Organization
- cv, cultivar
- e.p, edible portion
- α-TOH, alpha-tocopherol
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Lin HL, Ni L, Chen HF. Development and validation of a novel approach based on ultrasonic-assisted enzymatic extraction and RP-UHPLC for simultaneous determination of astaxanthin isomers and alpha-tocopherol in Haematococcuspluvialis derived supplements. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2020; 193:113712. [PMID: 33161235 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2020.113712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
A rapid, effective andgreenmethod was developed for simultaneous determination of total (free and esterified) astaxanthin (AX) isomers (all-E, 9Z and 13Z) and alpha-tocopherol(AT) in Haematococcuspluvialis derived supplements. The new method employed a highly efficient ultrasonic-assisted enzymatic extraction (UAEE) techniqueto perform deesterificationwith Cholesterol esterase from Pseudomonas fluorescenspermitting the concurrent detection. The subsequent RP-UHPLC method for separating and measuring was performed on a simple C18 column within 10.5 min by using methanol and ammonium acetate as mobile phase with a gradient elution. The proposed method was validated according to international guidelines and itproved to be highly accurate and robust. The optimized UHPLC method allowed easy transfer to HPLC, and allowed rapid analysis of active ingredients profiling in H. derived supplements.To our knowledge, this is the first quantification approach describing the rapid simultaneous analysis of the functional lipophilic substances including AX isomers in H. derived supplements using UAEE technique combined with RP-UHPLC.Moreover, this holistic approachcan be used to identify whether AX products are of natural origin or chemical synthesis, and may find more applications in new forms of H. derived productswith complexbiological matrix for more research on the bioavailability of AXisomersfrom natural source.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Lin Lin
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research (Fujian Center for Disease Prevention&Control), Fuzhou, 350001, Fujian, China; Teaching Base of School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350001, Fujian, China.
| | - Lei Ni
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research (Fujian Center for Disease Prevention&Control), Fuzhou, 350001, Fujian, China; Teaching Base of School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350001, Fujian, China
| | - Hua-Feng Chen
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research (Fujian Center for Disease Prevention&Control), Fuzhou, 350001, Fujian, China
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Motkowski R, Maciejczyk M, Hryniewicka M, Karpińska J, Mikołuć B. Effect of Statin Therapy on the Plasma Concentrations of Retinol, Alpha-Tocopherol and Coenzyme Q10 in Children with Familial Hypercholesterolemia. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther 2020; 36:75-84. [PMID: 33052507 PMCID: PMC8770382 DOI: 10.1007/s10557-020-07091-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) requires early treatment. However, statins, which are regarded the first-line therapy, have an influence on redox balance. Antioxidant vitamins are important for many metabolic processes in the developing body. There are few data available on the long-term safety of statin use in children. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of statin treatment in children with FH on plasma concentrations of antioxidant vitamins: retinol, alpha-tocopherol and coenzyme Q10. Methods The first study group consisted of 13 children aged 10–18 years treated with simvastatin for at least 6 months, and the second group comprised 13 age- and sex-matched children with hypercholesterolemia, in whom pharmacological treatment had not been applied yet. Analyses were performed using a high-performance liquid chromatograph coupled with a MS detector. Results The analysis did not reveal significant differences in the concentration of retinol, alpha-tocopherol or coenzyme Q10 between the studied groups. The adjustment of the concentrations of the vitamins to the cholesterol level also indicated no significant differences. We found no deficits in antioxidant vitamins in patients treated with statins, or any risk of adverse effects associated with an increase in their concentration. Conclusion There is no rationale for additional supplementation using antioxidant vitamins or modification of low-fat and low-cholesterol diet in pediatric patients treated with statins. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1007/s10557-020-07091-w) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radosław Motkowski
- Department of Pediatrics, Rheumatology, Immunology and Metabolic Bone Diseases, Medical University of Bialystok, ul. Waszyngtona 17, 15-274, Bialystok, Poland.
| | - Mateusz Maciejczyk
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Ergonomics, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-274, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Marta Hryniewicka
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Bialystok, 15-274, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Joanna Karpińska
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Bialystok, 15-274, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Bożena Mikołuć
- Department of Pediatrics, Rheumatology, Immunology and Metabolic Bone Diseases, Medical University of Bialystok, ul. Waszyngtona 17, 15-274, Bialystok, Poland
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Shanmugapriya K, Kim H, Lee YW, Kang HW. Cellulose nanocrystals/nanofibrils loaded astaxanthin nanoemulsion for the induction of apoptosis via ROS-dependent mitochondrial dysfunction in cancer cells under photobiomodulation. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 149:165-77. [PMID: 31987944 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.01.243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Revised: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The present study investigated effects of low-level laser therapy with cellulose nanocrystals/cellulose nanofibrils loaded in nanoemulsion (NE) against skin cancer cells on apoptosis. The nanoemulsion was fabricated and characterized by the standard methods. The toxicity level by cytotoxicity assays, generation of reactive singlet oxygen (ROS) and antioxidant potential, cell proliferation and migration were confirmed by using standard assays. The cellular uptake efficacy was evaluated by differential staining. The protein levels of EGFR, PI3K, AKT, ERK, GAPDH, and β-actin were detected by western blot. The samples showed a spherical shaped structure with the average size confirmed strong and stable hydrogen bonding forces with high degradation temperature and endothermic transition peaks. The fabricated samples showed no toxicity and high cell proliferation by generating more singlet oxygen levels and antioxidants. The intracellular signaling pathways was regulated with high protein expression levels, which was stimulated by specific molecules for cell proliferation, migration, and differentiation in cancer cells. The results proved that combined treatment regulated the intracellular signaling pathways in cancer cells. The current study showed a novel strategy for improving therapeutic efficacy of nanoemulsion by using low-level laser therapy. Further, the current favorable outcomes will be evaluated in in vivo animal models.
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NOSRATABADI SJ, HAYATI ROODBARI N, MODARRESI MH, FARSINEJAD A, FASIHI HARANDI M. The Effect of Alpha-Tocopherol on the Expression of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor and Transforming Growth Factor Beta Genes in Three Developmental Stages of Echinococcus granulosus. Iran J Parasitol 2020; 15:168-176. [PMID: 32595706 PMCID: PMC7311808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In recent decades platyhelminths have been used as model organisms to address some of the fundamental questions related to the growth and development of animal organisms. Epidermal Growth Factor Receptors (EGFR) and Transforming Growth Factor beta (TGF-beta) have a regulatory role in the growth and development of Echinococcus species. This study determined the effect of alpha-tocopherol on the expression of EGFR and TGF-beta genes in three in vitro developmental stages of E. granulosus. METHODS E. granulosus protoscoleces were cultured in diphasic medium containing bovine serum and CMRL 1066. Three developmental stages of E. granulosus, i.e. invaginated protoscoleces, evaginated protoscoleces and three-proglottid worms, were treated by alpha-tocopherol (250 μg/ml for 36 h) and the expression of EGFR and TGF-beta genes were evaluated by using qPCR analysis. RESULTS Intact protoscoleces were successfully developed to the segmented worms in diphasic culture media. Higher levels of both EGFR and TGF-beta gene expression were observed in the invaginated protoscoleces as well as the segmented worms in comparison to the non-treated controls. CONCLUSION Administration of alpha-tocopherol to different developmental stages of E. granulosus significantly enhanced EGFR and TGF-beta expression in the parasite. Both oxidant and non-oxidant activities of alpha-tocopherol could explain the study findings. Overexpression of the genes could in turn enhance growth factor effects and facilitates the viability of the parasite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyyed Jafar NOSRATABADI
- Department of Biology, School of Basic Sciences, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nasim HAYATI ROODBARI
- Department of Biology, School of Basic Sciences, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran,Correspondence
| | | | - Alireza FARSINEJAD
- Department of Laboratory Hematology and Blood Banking, Faculty of Allied Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Majid FASIHI HARANDI
- Research Center for Hydatid Disease in Iran, School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran,Correspondence
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22
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Hirowatari Y, Yoshida H. Innovatively Established Analysis Method for Lipoprotein Profiles Based on High-Performance Anion-Exchange Liquid Chromatography. J Atheroscler Thromb 2019; 26:1027-1040. [PMID: 31548491 PMCID: PMC6927812 DOI: 10.5551/jat.rv17037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Separation analysis of lipoprotein classes have various methods, including ultracentrifugation, electrophoresis, and gel permeation chromatography (GPC). All major lipoprotein classes can be separated via ultracentrifugation, but performing the analysis takes a long time. Low-density lipoprotein (LDL), intermediate-density lipoprotein (IDL), and very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) in patient samples cannot be sufficiently separated via electrophoresis or GPC. Thus, we established a new method [anion-exchange high-performance liquid chromatography (AEX-HPLC)] by using HPLC with an AEX column containing nonporous gel and an eluent containing chaotropic ions. AEX-HPLC can separate five lipoprotein fractions of high-density lipoprotein (HDL), LDL, IDL, VLDL, and others in human serum, which can be used in substitution for ultracentrifugation method. The method was also approved for clinical use in the public health-care insurance in Japan in 2014. Furthermore, we developed an additional method to measure cholesterol levels of the four leading lipoprotein fractions and two subsequent fractions (i.e., chylomicron and lipoprotein(a)). We evaluated the clinical usefulness of AEX-HPLC in patients with coronary heart disease (CHD), diabetes, and kidney disease and in healthy volunteers. Results indicate that the cholesterol levels in IDL and VLDL measured by AEX-HPLC may be useful risk markers of CHD or diabetes. Furthermore, we developed another new method for the determination of alpha-tocopherol (AT) in lipoprotein classes, and this method is composed of AEX-HPLC for the separation of lipoprotein classes and reverse-phase chromatography to separate AT in each lipoprotein class. The AT levels in LDL were significantly correlated with the lag time to copper ion-induced LDL oxidation, which is an index of oxidation resistance. The application of AEX-HPLC to measure various substances in lipoproteins will be clinically expected in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuji Hirowatari
- Laboratory Science, Department of Health Science, Saitama Prefectural University Saitama, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Yoshida
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Jikei University Kashiwa Hospital, Chiba, Japan
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23
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GHAEDI E, RAHROVANI F, JAVANBAKHT MH, EHSANI AH, ESRAFILI A, MOHAMMADI H, ZAREI M, DJALALI M. Retinol and α-Tocopherol Levels in the Serum and Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue of Newly Diagnosed Basal Cell Carcinoma Patients. Iran J Public Health 2019; 48:1838-1846. [PMID: 31850261 PMCID: PMC6908907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nonmelanoma skin cancers are the most frequently occurring skin cancers. Vitamin A is involved in epithelial cell differentiation and may control skin tumor development. Vitamin E is a powerful lipophilic antioxidant that can quench and scavenge reactive oxygen species. However, there is little consistent evidence considering micronutrients and the development of basal cell carcinoma (BCC). Therefore, we aimed to investigate the possible difference between retinol and α-tocopherol in BCC patients and controls in Iranian population. METHODS This case-control study was conducted on adults with newly diagnosed BCC referred to Razi Hospital, Tehran, Iran in 2015. Serum and subcutaneous fat tissue retinol and α-tochopherol were measured by HPLC method. RESULTS Overall, serum retinol level was lower significantly in BCC patients (0.237±0.01 μg/ml) in comparison with control group (0.27±0.02 μg/ml, P-value: 0.038). However serum α-tocopherol level was not significantly different between BCC patients (4.41±0.33 μg/ml) and control subjects (4.06±0.35 μg/ml, P-value=0.18). Sub-cutaneous adipose tissue retinol was lower significantly in BCC patients (38.60±3.30 ng/mg) compared with control group (54.78±3.49 ng/mg, P-value=0.002). Furthermore, results revealed lower subcutaneous adipose tissue α-tocopherol in BCC patients (4.41±0.33 μg/ml) in comparison with control group (4.06±0.35 μg/ml, P-value=0.18). CONCLUSION Skin tissue concentration of retinol and α-tocopherol and serum retinol level was lower in BCC patients in comparison with control group but serum α-tocopherol was not different between groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehsan GHAEDI
- Students' Scientific Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, Department of Cellular and Molecular Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh RAHROVANI
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hassan JAVANBAKHT
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir-Hooshang EHSANI
- Department of Dermatology, Autoimmune Bullous Diseases Research Center, Razi Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali ESRAFILI
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamed MOHAMMADI
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran, Students' Research Committee, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mahnaz ZAREI
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahmoud DJALALI
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,Corresponding Author:
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24
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Hedayati SA, Farsani HG, Naserabad SS, Hoseinifar SH, Van Doan H. Protective effect of dietary vitamin E on immunological and biochemical induction through silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) inclusion in diet and silver salt (AgNO 3) exposure on Zebrafish (Danio rerio). Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2019; 222:100-107. [PMID: 31004833 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2019.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Revised: 04/06/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The present study evaluated silver nanoparticle (AgNPs) toxicity using biomarkers of oxidative and metabolic stress, immunological impairment and cellular damage in zebrafish (Danio rerio), as well as the optimal dose of vitamin E neutralizing undesirable effects. Fish were fed for ten days and eight study groups were investigated: controls, AgNPs exposure alone (1.5 mg L-1) and combined with three different vitamin E doses (1.5 mg L-1 of AgNPs + vitamin E 100, 200 or 400 mg kg-1 of food), also one positive control group exposed to AgNO3 alone or combined with the same vitamin E doses. D. rerio exposed to AgNPs alone or combined with the lower vitamin E dose showed overall worse results in comparison with the control groups and the groups combining nanoparticles and 200 or 400 mg kg-1 of food of vitamin E-supplemented diet. AgNPs caused cell impairment by increasing LDH activity and cortisol levels, generated oxidative stress by inhibiting SOD and CAT activity and immunosuppression by inhibiting ACH50 and lysozyme activity. The groups exposed to Ag salt showed the same response-pattern found for the NPs groups, reinforcing that Ag toxicity of AgNPs is mediated by Ag+. In conclusion, although AgNPs are toxic to Danio rerio, vitamin E supplementation at 200 or 400 mg kg-1 can act protectively against its toxic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Aliakbar Hedayati
- Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Fisheries and Environmental Sciences, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Hamed Ghafari Farsani
- Young Researchers and Elite Club, Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, Iran
| | | | - Seyed Hossein Hoseinifar
- Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Fisheries and Environmental Sciences, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Hien Van Doan
- Department of Animal and Aquatic Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; Science and Technology Research Institute, Chiang Mai University, 239 Huay keaw Rd., Suthep, Muang, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand.
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25
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Jamro EL, Bloom MS, Browne RW, Kim K, Greenwood EA, Fujimoto VY. Preconception serum lipids and lipophilic micronutrient levels are associated with live birth rates after IVF. Reprod Biomed Online 2019; 39:665-673. [PMID: 31405720 DOI: 10.1016/j.rbmo.2019.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2019] [Revised: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
RESEARCH QUESTION Is a mixture of preconception serum lipids and lipophilic micronutrients associated with clinical pregnancy and live births? DESIGN In this prospective cohort study, blood serum was collected on the day of oocyte retrieval for 180 women undergoing IVF at an academic reproductive health centre. Concentrations of lipids (phospholipids, total cholesterol, high- and low-density lipoproteins, and triglycerides) and lipophilic micronutrients (α-, δ-, and γ-tocopherols, retinol, β- and α-carotenes, β-cryptoxanthin, lutein and lycopene) were determined using diagnostic reagent kits and high-performance liquid chromatography. Poisson regression was used with robust variance estimation to evaluate changes in Z-scores for the mixture of serum lipid and lipophilic micronutrient concentrations as predictors of embryo implantation, clinical pregnancy and live birth, adjusted for age, body mass index (BMI), race, smoking status, infertility diagnosis, ovarian stimulation protocol and other measured lipid and lipophilic micronutrient concentrations. RESULTS Each SD higher serum triglyceride concentration was associated with a lower chance of live birth (RR 0.54; 95% CI 0.33 to 0.90) whereas a 1 SD higher serum α-tocopherol concentration, as part of a mixture of serum lipids and lipophilic micronutrients, was associated with a higher likelihood for a live birth (RR 1.61; 95% CI 1.11 to 2.36). Serum β-carotene concentrations were associated with live birth in a non-linear fashion; low β-carotene was associated with a lower chance of live birth and high β-carotene with a higher chance of live birth. CONCLUSION Although components of a mixture of lipids and lipophilic micronutrients were associated with live birth outcomes after IVF, a larger investigation is necessary to fully evaluate the potential clinical implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica L Jamro
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University at Albany, State University of New York, Rensselaer NY 12144, USA
| | - Michael S Bloom
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University at Albany, State University of New York, Rensselaer NY 12144, USA; Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University at Albany, State University of New York, One University Place, School of Public Health, GEC #157, Rensselaer NY 12144, USA.
| | - Richard W Browne
- Department of Biotechnical and Clinical Laboratory Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo NY 14214, USA
| | - Keewan Kim
- Epidemiology Branch, Division of Intramural Population Health Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda MD 20892, USA
| | - Eleni A Greenwood
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco CA 94158, USA
| | - Victor Y Fujimoto
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco CA 94158, USA
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26
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Shanmugapriya K, Kim H, Kang HW. A new alternative insight of nanoemulsion conjugated with κ-carrageenan for wound healing study in diabetic mice: In vitro and in vivo evaluation. Eur J Pharm Sci 2019; 133:236-250. [PMID: 30965083 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2019.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Revised: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Astaxanthin and alpha-tocopherol have attracted great attention because of their properties for the management of wound healing in diabetics. This study aimed to investigate the wound healing study of astaxanthin and alpha-tocopherol with κ-carrageenan nanoemulsion (AS-TP@KCNE) and to perform a histopathological study on streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic mice. AS-TP@KCNE were also evaluated with aim of maintaining an effective and prolonged antidiabetic potential. KC@SENE and KC@USNE were obtained by spontaneous and ultrasonication emulsification methods and were characterized for stability, pH, particle size, and zeta potential by standard analysis. In vitro cytotoxicity and wound healing results demonstrated less toxicity and faster cell migration for the nanoemulsions at different concentrations. Based on the promising results, transdermal administration of AS-TP@KCNE can significantly restore the body weight, reduce fasting blood glucose levels, and improve glucose tolerance, which improved the ability to quickly heal of wounds in diabetic mice compared to control. In conclusion, the present study shows that the AS-TP@KCNE are biocompatible and possess healing properties that accelerate wound closure and exhibited better control of hyperglycemia and more superbly reversed the diabetes mellitus complications than STZ-induced diabetic mice. These results suggested that AS-TP@KCNE could be a promising platform for wound healing applications for diabetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karuppusamy Shanmugapriya
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Center for Marine-Integrated Biomedical Technology (BK 21 Plus), Pukyong National University, Busan, South Korea
| | - Hyejin Kim
- Interdisciplinary Program of Biomedical Mechanical & Electrical Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan, South Korea
| | - Hyun Wook Kang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Center for Marine-Integrated Biomedical Technology (BK 21 Plus), Pukyong National University, Busan, South Korea; Interdisciplinary Program of Biomedical Mechanical & Electrical Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan, South Korea.
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27
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Hagan ML, Bahraini A, Pierce JL, Bass SM, Yu K, Elsayed R, Elsalanty M, Johnson MH, McNeil A, McNeil PL, McGee-Lawrence ME. Inhibition of Osteocyte Membrane Repair Activity via Dietary Vitamin E Deprivation Impairs Osteocyte Survival. Calcif Tissue Int 2019; 104:224-234. [PMID: 30357446 PMCID: PMC6452877 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-018-0487-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Osteocytes experience plasma membrane disruptions (PMD) that initiate mechanotransduction both in vitro and in vivo in response to mechanical loading, suggesting that osteocytes use PMD to sense and adapt to mechanical stimuli. PMD repair is crucial for cell survival; antioxidants (e.g., alpha-tocopherol, also known as Vitamin E) promote repair while reactive oxygen species (ROS), which can accumulate during exercise, inhibit repair. The goal of this study was to determine whether depleting Vitamin E in the diet would impact osteocyte survival and bone adaptation with loading. Male CD-1 mice (3 weeks old) were fed either a regular diet (RD) or Vitamin E-deficient diet (VEDD) for up to 11 weeks. Mice from each dietary group either served as sedentary controls with normal cage activity, or were subjected to treadmill exercise (one bout of exercise or daily exercise for 5 weeks). VEDD-fed mice showed more PMD-affected osteocytes (+ 50%) after a single exercise bout suggesting impaired PMD repair following Vitamin E deprivation. After 5 weeks of daily exercise, VEDD mice failed to show an exercise-induced increase in osteocyte PMD formation, and showed signs of increased osteocytic oxidative stress and impaired osteocyte survival. Surprisingly, exercise-induced increases in cortical bone formation rate were only significant for VEDD-fed mice. This result may be consistent with previous studies in skeletal muscle, where myocyte PMD repair failure (e.g., with muscular dystrophy) initially triggers hypertrophy but later leads to widespread degeneration. In vitro, mechanically wounded MLO-Y4 cells displayed increased post-wounding necrosis (+ 40-fold) in the presence of H2O2, which could be prevented by Vitamin E pre-treatment. Taken together, our data support the idea that antioxidant-influenced osteocyte membrane repair is a vital aspect of bone mechanosensation in the osteocytic control of PMD-driven bone adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mackenzie L Hagan
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, 1120 15th St, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
| | - Anoosh Bahraini
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, 1120 15th St, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
| | - Jessica L Pierce
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, 1120 15th St, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
| | - Sarah M Bass
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, 1120 15th St, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
| | - Kanglun Yu
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, 1120 15th St, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
| | - Ranya Elsayed
- Department of Oral Biology, Augusta University, 1120 15th St, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Mohammed Elsalanty
- Department of Oral Biology, Augusta University, 1120 15th St, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Maribeth H Johnson
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Augusta University, 1120 15th St, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Anna McNeil
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, 1120 15th St, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
| | - Paul L McNeil
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, 1120 15th St, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
| | - Meghan E McGee-Lawrence
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, 1120 15th St, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA.
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Augusta University, 1120 15th St, Augusta, GA, USA.
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28
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Mehrabi S, Nasirinezhad F, Barati M, Abutaleb N, Barati S, Dereshky BT, Amini N, Milan PB, Jahanmahin A, Sarveazad A, Samadikuchaksaraei A, Mozafari M. The Effect of Alpha-Tocopherol on Morphine Tolerance-induced Expression of c-fos Proto-oncogene from a Biotechnological Perspective. Recent Pat Biotechnol 2019; 13:137-148. [PMID: 30973107 DOI: 10.2174/1872208312666181120105333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Revised: 10/24/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The increase of oxidant compounds is the most well-known reasons for the tolerance to the analgesic properties of Morphine. Additionally, the production of proxy-nitrite impairs receptors, proteins and enzymes involved in the signaling pathways of analgesia, apoptosis and necrosis. Also, we revised all patents relating to opioid tolerance control methods. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to assess the effects of Alpha-tocopherol as an anti-oxidant agent to reduce Morphine tolerance. METHOD Forty male rats randomly divided into four groups. 10 mg/kg of morphine was injected subcutaneously to create the desired level of tolerance. After modeling, 70 mg/kg Alpha- Tocopherol was injected intraperitoneal. Also, the hot plate recorded pain threshold alterations was used to evaluate the behavioral test. All tissue samples were extracted from the spinal cord, thalamus and frontal cortex for molecular and gene expression evaluations. Also, the effect of Alpha- Tocopherol on the apoptosis and necrosis parameters was analyzed using nissl staining and tunel test. RESULTS The time latency results showed that there were no significant differences in the different days in groups treated with Morphine plus Alpha-Tocopherol. However, our data highlighted that the pain threshold and their time latency in respond to it had substantially increased in comparison with the control group. Furthermore, we found that the Alpha-Tocopherol obviously decreased c-fos gene expression, especially in the spinal cord. CONCLUSION Thus, co-administration of Alpha-Tocopherol with Morphine can decrease the adverse effects of nitrite proxy, which is released due to repeated injections of Morphine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soraya Mehrabi
- Physiology Research Center and Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farinaz Nasirinezhad
- Physiology Research Center and Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahmood Barati
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Allied Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nahid Abutaleb
- Physiology Research Center and Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shirin Barati
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bahram Teymoory Dereshky
- MD Student Division of Neuroscience, Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Naser Amini
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Peiman Brouki Milan
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahmad Jahanmahin
- Neuroscience Research Center and Department of Physiology, Medical School, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Arash Sarveazad
- Colorectal Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Samadikuchaksaraei
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoud Mozafari
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Bioengineering Research Group, Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials Department, Materials and Energy Research Center (MERC), Tehran, Iran
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29
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Bentsen H, Landrø NI. Neurocognitive effects of an omega-3 fatty acid and vitamins E+C in schizophrenia: A randomised controlled trial. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2018; 136:57-66. [PMID: 29079039 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2017.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2017] [Revised: 09/29/2017] [Accepted: 10/06/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
There is need for more efficient treatment of neurocognitive deficits in schizophrenia. In this 16 weeks randomised, placebo-controlled trial, we examined neurocognitive effects of adding ethyl-eicosapentaenoate 2g/day and/or vitamins E 364mg/day + C 1000mg/day to antipsychotics in 53 patients aged 18-39 years with acute schizophrenia. For the sake of validating neurocognitive tests, healthy subjects, not taking trial drugs, were also included in the study. Ethyl-EPA given alone to patients with low baseline RBC polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), and Vitamins E+C given alone to high PUFA patients, impaired sustained attention (Continuous Performance Test, CPT-IP d prime score), standardised effect sizes d = 0.78 and d = 0.69, respectively. These adverse effects were paralleled by excessive increases in long-chain PUFA and serum alpha-tocopherol, respectively. They were counteracted by combining ethyl-EPA and vitamins, d = 0.80 and d = 0.74 in low and high PUFA patients, respectively. No other neurocognitive tests yielded significant results. Plausible mechanisms of harmful effects are oxidative stress and lipid raft disruption.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Bentsen
- Center for Psychopharmacology, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Department of Specialised Psychosis Treatment, Psychiatric Clinic, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.
| | - N I Landrø
- Clinical Neuroscience Research Group, Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Oslo, Norway
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30
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Nagib MM, Tadros MG, Al-Khalek HAA, Rahmo RM, Sabri NA, Khalifa AE, Masoud SI. Molecular mechanisms of neuroprotective effect of adjuvant therapy with phenytoin in pentylenetetrazole-induced seizures: Impact on Sirt1/NRF2 signaling pathways. Neurotoxicology 2018; 68:47-65. [PMID: 30017425 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2018.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2018] [Revised: 06/22/2018] [Accepted: 07/07/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Current anticonvulsant therapies are principally aimed at suppressing neuronal hyperexcitability to prevent or control the incidence of seizures. However, the role of oxidative stress processes in seizures led to the proposition that antioxidant compounds may be considered as promising candidates for limiting the progression of epilepsy. Accordingly, the aim of this study is to determine if coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) and alpha-tocopherol (α-Toc) have a neuroprotective effect in rats against the observed oxidative stress and inflammation during seizures induced by pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) in rats, and to study their interactions with the conventional antiseizure drug phenytoin (PHT), either alone or in combination. Overall, the data revealed that α-Toc and CoQ10 supplementation can ameliorate PTZ-induced seizures and recommended that nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2) and silencing information regulator 1 (Sirt1) signaling pathways may exemplify strategic molecular targets for seizure therapies. The results of the present study provide novel mechanistic insights regarding the protective effects of antioxidants and suggest an efficient therapeutic strategy to attenuate seizures. Additionally, concurrent supplementation of CoQ10 and α-Toc may be more effective than either antioxidant alone in decreasing inflammation and oxidative stress in both cortical and hippocampal tissues. Also, CoQ10 and α-Toc effectively reverse the PHT-mediated alterations in the brain antioxidant status when compared to PHT only.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwa M Nagib
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Misr International University, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Mariane G Tadros
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hadwa Ali Abd Al-Khalek
- Department of Histology and Cell biology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Rania M Rahmo
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Misr International University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Nagwa Ali Sabri
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Amani E Khalifa
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University seconded to 57357 Children Cancer Hospital as the Scientific Consultant for Pharmacy Affairs, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Somaia I Masoud
- Former Head of Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
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Sampaio GSA, Oliveira KRHM, Kauffmann N, do Nascimento JLM, Souza GS, Gomes BD, de Lima SMA, Silveira LCL, Rocha FAF, Herculano AM. Methylmercury alters the number and topography of NO-synthase positive neurons in embryonic retina: Protective effect of alpha-tocopherol. Toxicol In Vitro 2018; 53:89-98. [PMID: 30075186 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2018.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2018] [Revised: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Vertebrate retina has been shown to be an important target for mercury toxicity and very studies have shown the effect of mercury on the retinal ontogenesis. The nitrergic system plays an important role in the retinal development. The current work studied the effects of methylmercury (MeHg) exposure on the NO-synthase positive neurons (NADPH-diaphorase neurons or NADPH-d+) of the chick retinal ganglion cell layer at embryonic E15 and postnatal P1 days. Retinal flat mounts were stained for NADPH-diaphorase histochemistry and mosaic properties of NADPH-d + were studied by plotting isodensity maps and employing density recovery profile technique. It was also evaluated the protective effect of alpha-tocopherol treatment on retinal tissues exposed to MeHg. MeHg exposure decreased the density of NADPH-d + neurons and altered cell mosaic properties at E15 but had very little or no effect at P1 retinas. Alpha-tocopherol has a protective effect against MeHg exposure at E15. MeHg alterations and alpha-tocopherol protective effect in embryonic retinas were demonstrated to be at work in experimental conditions. MeHg effect in the early phases of visual system development in natural conditions might use the nitrergic pathway and supplementary diet could have a protective effect. At later stages, this mechanism seems to be naturally protected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela S A Sampaio
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | | | - Nayara Kauffmann
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | - José Luiz M do Nascimento
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil; Universidade Ceuma, São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil
| | - Givago S Souza
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil; Núcleo de Medicina Tropical, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | - Bruno D Gomes
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | | | - Luiz Carlos L Silveira
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil; Núcleo de Medicina Tropical, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil; Universidade Ceuma, São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil
| | | | - Anderson M Herculano
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil.
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Şekeroğlu V, Aydın B, Atlı Şekeroğlu Z, Özdener Kömpe Y. Hepatoprotective effects of capsaicin and alpha-tocopherol on mitochondrial function in mice fed a high-fat diet. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 98:821-825. [PMID: 29571252 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.01.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Revised: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Capsaicin (CAP) and alpha-tocopherol (TOC) have antioxidant properties. We investigated effects of CAP and TOC on mitochondrial oxidative stress and mitochondrial bioenergetics in liver of mice fed HFD. AST, ALT, glucose, homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance index ((HOMA-IR)) and mitochondrial oxidative stress parameters increased, whereas oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) enzymes, tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA) enzymes, ATP level and mitochondrial metabolic function (MTT) decreased in mice fed a HFD compared to the fed a standard diet (NC). Treatment of HFD together with CAP (HFC group), TOC (HFT group) or TOC and CAP (HCT group) can ameliorate the examined parameters. Because co-treatment with CAP and TOC displayed a better ameliorating effect on liver redox status and mitochondrial bioenergetics functions, they can be useful to protect against HFD and oxidative stress-related in liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vedat Şekeroğlu
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science and Letters, Ordu University, 52200 Ordu, Turkey.
| | - Birsen Aydın
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Letters, Amasya University, 05100 Amasya, Turkey
| | - Zülal Atlı Şekeroğlu
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science and Letters, Ordu University, 52200 Ordu, Turkey
| | - Yasemin Özdener Kömpe
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Letters, Ondokuz Mayıs University, 55139 Samsun, Turkey
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Gogia H, Taneja S, Kumar M, Soi S. Effect of different antioxidants on reversing compromised resin bond strength after enamel bleaching: An in vitro study. J Conserv Dent 2018; 21:100-104. [PMID: 29628657 PMCID: PMC5852925 DOI: 10.4103/jcd.jcd_325_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2016] [Revised: 10/27/2017] [Accepted: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The effect of 10% sodium ascorbate, 10% α-tocopherol, 10% grape seed extract, and 10% guava seed extract solutions on the shear bond strength (SBS) of composite resin to bleached enamel was evaluated. MATERIALS AND METHODS Labial enamel surfaces of 72 extracted maxillary central incisors were bleached using 37.5% hydrogen peroxide. Sixty-four specimens were divided into four experimental groups (Group I-IV) comprising 16 specimens each and remaining eight specimens were placed in Group V. Groups I-IV were further divided into 2 subgroups: A (10 min) and B (120 min) comprising 8 specimens each. Eight unbleached specimens served as control (Group VI). Immediately following bleaching, Groups IA-IVA and IB-IVB specimens were treated with respective antioxidants for 10 min and 120 min. All specimens were then bonded with composite resin. Specimens were stored in distilled water for 24 h. SBS testing was done. Data were tabulated and subjected to statistical analysis using ANOVA and Tukey's honest significant difference test. RESULTS Group VI (unbleached) showed the highest SBS followed by Group IV (10% guava seed extract). CONCLUSION Use of antioxidants effectively reversed the compromised bond strength of bleached enamel. About 10% guava seed extract application after bleaching showed best bond strength.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hulas Gogia
- I.T.S Centre for Dental Studies and Research, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sonali Taneja
- I.T.S Centre for Dental Studies and Research, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Mohit Kumar
- I.T.S Centre for Dental Studies and Research, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sonal Soi
- I.T.S Centre for Dental Studies and Research, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Gedi MA, Briars R, Yuseli F, Zainol N, Darwish R, Salter AM, Gray DA. Component analysis of nutritionally rich chloroplasts: recovery from conventional and unconventional green plant species. J Food Sci Technol 2017; 54:2746-57. [PMID: 28928514 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-017-2711-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 05/11/2017] [Accepted: 05/16/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
A study of the literature indicates that chloroplasts synthesise a range of molecules, many of which have nutritional value for humans, but the nutritional credentials of chloroplasts recovered from plant cells are not established. Chloroplast-rich-fractions (CRFs) were prepared from green plant species and the macro- and micro-nutrient composition compared with the whole leaf materials (WLMs). The results indicated that, on a dry weight basis, CRF material from a range of green biomass was enriched in lipids and proteins, and in a range of micronutrients compared with the WLM. Vitamins E, pro-vitamin A, and lutein were all greater in CRF preparations. Of the minerals, iron was most notably concentrated in CRF. Spinach CRFs possessed the highest α-tocopherol [62 mg 100 g-1, dry weight (DW)], β-carotene (336 mg 100 g-1 DW) and lutein (341 mg 100 g-1 DW) contents, whilst grass CRFs had the highest concentration of alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) (69.5 mg g-1). The higher concentrations of α-tocopherol, β-carotene, lutein, ALA and trace minerals (Fe and Mn) in CRFs suggested their potential use as concentrated ingredients in food formulations deficient in these nutrients.
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Bartolini D, Torquato P, Barola C, Russo A, Rychlicki C, Giusepponi D, Bellezza G, Sidoni A, Galarini R, Svegliati-Baroni G, Galli F. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease impairs the cytochrome P-450-dependent metabolism of α-tocopherol (vitamin E). J Nutr Biochem 2017; 47:120-31. [PMID: 28628909 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2017.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
This study aims to investigate in in vivo and in vitro models of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) the enzymatic metabolism of α-tocopherol (vitamin E) and its relationship to vitamin E-responsive genes with key role in the lipid metabolism and detoxification of the liver. The experimental models included mice fed a high-fat diet combined or not with fructose (HFD+F) and HepG2 human hepatocarcinoma cells treated with the lipogenic agents palmitate, oleate or fructose. CYP4F2 protein, a cytochrome P-450 isoform with proposed α-tocopherol ω-hydroxylase activity, decreased in HFD and even more in HFD+F mice liver; this finding was associated with increased hepatic levels of α-tocopherol and decreased formation of the corresponding long-chain metabolites α-13-hydroxy and α-13-carboxy chromanols. A decreased expression was also observed for PPAR-γ and SREBP-1 proteins, two vitamin E-responsive genes with key role in lipid metabolism and CYP4F2 gene regulation. A transient activation of CYP4F2 gene followed by a repression response was observed in HepG2 cells during the exposure to increasing levels of the lipogenic and cytotoxic agent palmitic acid; such gene repression effect was further exacerbated by the co-treatment with oleic acid and α-tocopherol and was also observed for PPAR-γ and the SREBP isoforms 1 and 2. Such gene response was associated with increased uptake and ω-hydroxylation of α-tocopherol, which suggests a minor role of CYP4F2 in the enzymatic metabolism of vitamin E in HepG2 cells. In conclusion, the liver metabolism and gene response of α-tocopherol are impaired in experimental NAFLD.
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Blaha V, Blaha M, Solichová D, Krčmová LK, Lánská M, Havel E, Vyroubal P, Zadák Z, Žák P, Sobotka L. Antioxidant defense system in familial hypercholesterolemia and the effects of lipoprotein apheresis. ATHEROSCLEROSIS SUPP 2017; 30:159-165. [PMID: 29096832 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosissup.2017.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress is thought to play an important role in the pathogenesis of disorders associated with atherosclerosis. Alpha-tocopherol is considered to be an effective lipophilic antioxidant, which protects lipid membranes against peroxidation and thus prevents cell damage by reaction with free radicals. However, measurement of alpha-tocopherol concentration in serum does not reflect the content of α-tocopherol in membranes whereas erythrocyte alpha-tocopherol may be good indicator of antioxidative status. Therefore a simple isocratic reversed phase HPLC method has been developed and validated for the determination of alpha-tocopherol in human erythrocytes in a clinical setting. The content of alpha-tocopherol in human erythrocyte membrane and lipoperoxidation were studied in patients with severe hypercholesterolemia treated by lipoprotein apheresis. The group of hypercholesterolemic patients (n = 14) treated by lipoprotein apheresis was compared to healthy adult normolipidemic controls. After lipoprotein apheresis, the content of in membrane alpha-tocopherol did not change significantly despite decreased tocopherol in serum and lipoprotein fractions. We observed significantly decreased lipoperoxidation as revealed by serum TBARS, representing end products of lipid peroxidation, which increased from third day afterwards and remained significantly higher in comparison to controls until the next LDL-apheresis. We conclude that aggressive lipid lowering procedure with lipoprotein apheresis was associated with favorable transient decrease of lipoperoxidation. Simultaneously the cell membrane bound antioxidative defense mechanisms as reflected by the content of alpha-tocopherol in human erythrocyte membrane where not depressed in spite of its decreased plasma lipid carrier. Another variables involved remain to be investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Blaha
- 3rd Department of Internal Medicine, Metabolism and Gerontology, University Hospital Hradec Králové and Medical Faculty Charles University in Hradec Králové, Czech Republic.
| | - M Blaha
- 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, Hematology, University Hospital Hradec Králové and Medical Faculty Charles University in Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - D Solichová
- 3rd Department of Internal Medicine, Metabolism and Gerontology, University Hospital Hradec Králové and Medical Faculty Charles University in Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - L Kujovská Krčmová
- 3rd Department of Internal Medicine, Metabolism and Gerontology, University Hospital Hradec Králové and Medical Faculty Charles University in Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - M Lánská
- 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, Hematology, University Hospital Hradec Králové and Medical Faculty Charles University in Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - E Havel
- 3rd Department of Internal Medicine, Metabolism and Gerontology, University Hospital Hradec Králové and Medical Faculty Charles University in Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - P Vyroubal
- 3rd Department of Internal Medicine, Metabolism and Gerontology, University Hospital Hradec Králové and Medical Faculty Charles University in Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Z Zadák
- 3rd Department of Internal Medicine, Metabolism and Gerontology, University Hospital Hradec Králové and Medical Faculty Charles University in Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - P Žák
- 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, Hematology, University Hospital Hradec Králové and Medical Faculty Charles University in Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - L Sobotka
- 3rd Department of Internal Medicine, Metabolism and Gerontology, University Hospital Hradec Králové and Medical Faculty Charles University in Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
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Lippi I, Perondi F, Meucci V, Mannarini C, Intorre L, Guidi G. Plasma alpha-tochopherol determined by HPLC in dogs at different stages of chronic kidney disease: a retrospective study. Vet Res Commun 2017; 41:195-9. [PMID: 28488081 DOI: 10.1007/s11259-017-9690-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2017] [Accepted: 05/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate retrospectively the plasma concentration of alpha-tocopherol in dogs with naturally acquired chronic kidney disease (CKD), at different stages of severity. Forty dogs (CKD group) with different stages of CKD (IRIS 1 n=12, IRIS 2 n=8, IRIS 3 n=11, IRIS 4 n=9) and 20 clinically healthy dogs were considered. Plasma alpha-tocopherol was assessed in both groups through high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Dogs of CKD group showed significantly lower (p=0.0002) levels of plasma alpha-tocopherol compared with clinically healthy dogs. A significant difference (p<0.04) in the number of patients with plasma alpha-tocopherol > or ≤ 21.5 ppm was found in CKD patients at different stages of severity. No significant correlation between plasma levels of alpha-tocopherol and plasma creatinine was found. In the present study, dogs affected by spontaneous CKD showed significantly lower plasma concentrations of alpha-tocopherol compared with clinically healthy dogs. Plasma alpha-tocopherol deficiency seems to be more severe in IRIS stage 1 and 4, compared with IRIS stage 2 and 3. The finding of marked alpha-tocopherol deficiency in patients in IRIS stage 1 should encourage further studies on the early use of prescription renal diet and antioxidant in this group of patients.
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Sereflioglu S, Dinler BS, Tasci E. Alpha-tocopherol-dependent salt tolerance is more related with auxin synthesis rather than enhancement antioxidant defense in soybean roots. Acta Biol Hung 2017; 68:115-125. [PMID: 28322088 DOI: 10.1556/018.68.2017.1.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, we describe the alleviated effects of alpha-tocopherol (α-T) on oxidative damage and its possible role as a signal transmitter in plants during salt stress. The results show that exogenously applied α-T under salt stress increased root length and weight, but reduced hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), superoxide anion radical (O2.-) and malondialdehyde (MDA) content in soybean roots. The proline content was reduced by α-T treatment. Interestingly, endogenous auxin (IAA) level was significantly increased after α-T application as compared to salt stress alone. Moreover, α-T reduced significantly superoxide dismutase (SOD) enzyme and isoenzyme activity but upregulated peroxidase (POX) 2, 3 and glutathione-s-transferase (GST) 1, 3 isoenzyme expression. However, ascorbate peroxidase (APX) enzyme activity was not affected at all. Consequently, the results show that α-T serves as a signal molecule under salinity from leaves to roots by increasing remarkably endogenous IAA levels and increasing partially antioxidant activity in roots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seda Sereflioglu
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Art and Science, Sinop University , Sinop , Turkey
| | - Burcu Seckin Dinler
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Art and Science, Sinop University , Sinop , Turkey
| | - Eda Tasci
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Art and Science, Sinop University , Sinop , Turkey
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McDougall M, Choi J, Kim HK, Bobe G, Stevens JF, Cadenas E, Tanguay R, Traber MG. Lipid quantitation and metabolomics data from vitamin E-deficient and -sufficient zebrafish embryos from 0 to 120 hours-post-fertilization. Data Brief 2017; 11:432-441. [PMID: 28280764 PMCID: PMC5334496 DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2017.02.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2017] [Revised: 02/11/2017] [Accepted: 02/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The data herein is in support of our research article by McDougall et al. (2017) [1], in which we used our zebrafish model of embryonic vitamin E (VitE) deficiency to study the consequences of VitE deficiency during development. Adult 5D wild-type zebrafish (Danio rerio), fed defined diets without (E–) or with VitE (E+, 500 mg RRR-α-tocopheryl acetate/kg diet), were spawned to obtain E– and E+ embryos that we evaluated using metabolomics and specific lipid analyses (each measure at 24, 48, 72, 120 hours-post-fertilization, hpf), neurobehavioral development (locomotor responses at 96 hpf), and rescue strategies. Rescues were attempted using micro-injection into the yolksac using VitE (as a phospholipid emulsion containing d6-α-tocopherol at 0 hpf) or D-glucose (in saline at 24 hpf).
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa McDougall
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA; College of Public Health and Human Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - Jaewoo Choi
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - Hye-Kyeong Kim
- The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Gerd Bobe
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - J Frederik Stevens
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA; College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA; Environmental Health Sciences Center, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - Enrique Cadenas
- University of Southern California, School of Pharmacy, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Robert Tanguay
- Environmental Health Sciences Center, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA; Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA; Sinnhuber Aquatic Research Laboratory, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - Maret G Traber
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA; College of Public Health and Human Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA; Environmental Health Sciences Center, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
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Melo LR, Clemente HA, Bezerra DF, Dantas RC, Ramalho HM, Dimenstein R. Effect of maternal supplementation with vitamin E on the concentration of α-tocopherol in colostrum. J Pediatr (Rio J) 2017; 93:40-6. [PMID: 27327566 DOI: 10.1016/j.jped.2016.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2015] [Revised: 03/11/2016] [Accepted: 03/23/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effect of maternal supplementation with vitamin E on the concentration of α-tocopherol in colostrum and its supply to the newborn. METHOD This randomized clinical trial enrolled 99 healthy adult pregnant women; of these, 39 were assigned to the control group and 60 to the supplemented group. After an overnight fast, 5mL of blood and 2mL of colostrum were collected. After the first sampling (0h milk), the supplemented group received 400IU of supplementary vitamin E. Another 2mL milk aliquot was collected in both groups 24h after supplementation (24h milk). The samples were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography. The α-tocopherol content provided by colostrum was calculated by considering a daily intake of 396mL of milk and comparing the resulting value to the recommended daily intake for infants aged 0-6 months (4mg/day). RESULTS The initial mean concentration of α-tocopherol in colostrum was 1509.3±793.7μg/dL in the control group and 1452.9±808.6μg/dL in the supplemented group. After 24h, the mean α-tocopherol concentration was 1650.6±968.7μg/dL in the control group (p>0.05) and 2346.9±1203.2μg/dL in the supplemented group (p<0.001), increasing the vitamin E supply to the newborn to 9.3mg/day. Initially, 18 women in the supplemented group provided colostrum α-tocopherol contents below 4mg/day; after supplementation only six continued to provide less than the recommended amount. CONCLUSION Maternal vitamin E supplementation increases the supply of the vitamin to the infant by providing more than twice the Recommended Daily Intake.
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An HM, Tan YL, Shi J, Wang Z, Lv MH, Soares JC, Zhou D, Yang F, Zhang XY. Ginkgo biloba leaf extract and alpha-tocopherol attenuate haloperidol-induced orofacial dyskinesia in rats: Possible implication of antiapoptotic mechanisms by preventing Bcl-2 decrease and Bax elevation. Phytomedicine 2016; 23:1653-1660. [PMID: 27823630 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2016.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2016] [Revised: 10/08/2016] [Accepted: 10/14/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tardive dyskinesia (TD) is a serious side effect of long-term administration of typical neuroleptics, such as haloperidol. The pathophysiology of TD remains unclear, but the experimental evidence suggests that free radical-induced neuronal apoptosis in the basal ganglia may play an important role. PURPOSE This study was to investigate changes in Bax and Bcl-2 expression levels in TD-associated brain regions and the effects of the antioxidant EGb761 on Bax and Bcl-2 levels in an animal model of TD. METHODS Thirty-two rats were randomly divided into four study groups: saline control (saline), haloperidol-alone (haloperidol), EGb761-haloperidol (EGb), and alpha-tocopherol-haloperidol (vitamin E). Rats were treated with daily intraperitoneal haloperidol injections (2 mg/kg/day) for 5 weeks. EGb761 (50 mg/kg/day) and alpha-tocopherol (20 mg/kg/day) were then administered for another 5 weeks during the withdrawal period. Behavioral assessments were performed, and Bax and Bcl-2 protein expression levels were immunohistochemically analyzed in four brain regions, including the prefrontal cortex, striatum, substantia nigra, and globus pallidum. RESULTS We found that increased vacuous chewing movements (VCMs) were associated with increased proapoptotic Bax protein expression, decreased antiapoptotic Bcl-2 protein expression, and an increased Bax/Bcl-2 ratio. EGb761 and alpha-tocopherol treatment reversed the increase in VCMs, decreased Bax expression, increased Bcl-2 expression, and decreased the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio. CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrate that long-term haloperidol administration may affect Bcl-2 protein family expression and promote neuronal apoptosis in the basal ganglia. In combination with their antioxidant capacity, EGb761 and alpha-tocopherol's antiapoptotic effects through Bcl-2 might account for the symptom improvement observed in haloperidol-induced TD rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Mei An
- Beijing HuiLongGuan Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China; Institute of Chinese Integrative Medicine, Beijing HuiLongGuan Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yun Long Tan
- Beijing HuiLongGuan Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China; Institute of Chinese Integrative Medicine, Beijing HuiLongGuan Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Shi
- Beijing HuiLongGuan Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China; Institute of Chinese Integrative Medicine, Beijing HuiLongGuan Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiren Wang
- Beijing HuiLongGuan Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China; Institute of Chinese Integrative Medicine, Beijing HuiLongGuan Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Meng Han Lv
- Institute of Chinese Integrative Medicine, Beijing HuiLongGuan Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Jair C Soares
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Dongfeng Zhou
- Institute of Mental Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Fude Yang
- Beijing HuiLongGuan Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China; Institute of Chinese Integrative Medicine, Beijing HuiLongGuan Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China.
| | - Xiang Yang Zhang
- Beijing HuiLongGuan Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China; Institute of Chinese Integrative Medicine, Beijing HuiLongGuan Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA.
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Podszun MC, Jakobi M, Birringer M, Weiss J, Frank J. The long chain α-tocopherol metabolite α-13'-COOH and γ-tocotrienol induce P-glycoprotein expression and activity by activation of the pregnane X receptor in the intestinal cell line LS 180. Mol Nutr Food Res 2016; 61. [PMID: 27714977 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201600605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2016] [Revised: 09/06/2016] [Accepted: 09/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE Members of the vitamin E family or their metabolites may induce the xenobiotic transporter P-glycoprotein (P-gp), which can limit the bioavailability of drugs and phytochemicals. This study aimed to investigate if α- and γ-tocopherol, α- and γ-tocotrienol, the long chain metabolite α-tocopherol-13'-COOH, the short chain metabolites α- and γ-carboxyethylhydroxychromanol and plastochromanol-8 activate the pregnane X receptor (PXR) and thereby modulate P-gp expression and/or activity. METHODS AND RESULTS P-gp protein expression and activity were studied in LS 180 cells incubated with the respective test compound for 48 h. Furthermore, we determined if the compounds activate PXR in LS 180 cells, as PXR regulates P-gp expression. Neither P-gp protein expression and activity, nor PXR activity were influenced by α-tocopherol, γ-tocopherol and plastochromanol-8. α-Tocotrienol activated PXR in the reporter gene assay but did not induce protein expression or activity of P-gp. γ-Tocotrienol and α-13'-COOH activated PXR and induced protein expression and transporter activity of P-gp. CONCLUSION Because the induction of P-gp in the intestine may limit the systemic bioavailability of its substrates, the concurrent intake of drugs and γ-tocotrienol and, if ever applicable, α-13'-COOH should be avoided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maren C Podszun
- Institute of Biological Chemistry and Nutrition, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Metta Jakobi
- Institute of Biological Chemistry and Nutrition, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Marc Birringer
- Department of Nutritional, Food and Consumer, University of Applied Sciences, Fulda, Germany
| | - Johanna Weiss
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacoepidemiology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jan Frank
- Institute of Biological Chemistry and Nutrition, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
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Abstract
Vitamin E has recently been suggested to slow down the progression of Alzheimer's disease. Current evidence is based on three studies in patients with Alzheimer's disease and one study in patients with mild cognitive impairment which all together included only 1756 patients. Importantly, two of these studies were negative, and the two other studies had severe methodological weaknesses that preclude more definite interpretation. Based on the notion from patients suffering from cerebrovascular diseases that vitamin E may induce serious side effects (i.e., hemorhagic stroke), vitamin E cannot be recommended for use in Alzheimer's patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dirk M Hermann
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
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Yang TC, Duthie GG, Aucott LS, Macdonald HM. Vitamin E homologues α- and γ-tocopherol are not associated with bone turnover markers or bone mineral density in peri-menopausal and post-menopausal women. Osteoporos Int 2016; 27:2281-2290. [PMID: 27139906 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-015-3470-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2015] [Accepted: 12/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED In a large cohort of older women, we investigated the relationships that different forms of vitamin E may have with bone turnover markers and bone mineral density (BMD). We found a suggestive positive association between serum alpha-tocopherol and BMD at the femoral neck, but no other clinically relevant observations. INTRODUCTION Vitamin E has anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory properties hypothesized to benefit bone, but limited studies exist regarding its homologues. We examined circulating and dietary α- and γ-tocopherols with bone turnover markers (BTMs) and bone mineral density (BMD), and the role of inflammation in this relationship. METHODS We performed two cross-sectional analyses from two visits (V2, 1997-1999, n = 3883; V3, 2007-2011, n = 2130) of the Aberdeen Prospective Osteoporosis Screening Study. Dietary and supplement intakes by food frequency questionnaire were assessed at both visits. V2 BTMs (urinary free pyridinoline and deoxypyridinoline, serum N-terminal propeptide of type 1 collagen) and V3 serum α- and γ-tocopherols, inflammatory markers (interleukin-6 [IL-6], serum amyloid A [SAA], high-sensitivity C-reactive protein [hs-CRP], E-selectin) and dual X-ray absorptiometry BMD at the femoral neck and lumbar spine were collected. Food sources of tocopherol homologues and diet-serum correlations were determined. The relationships between dietary tocopherols and BTMs (V2), and dietary and serum tocopherols with BMD (V3) were examined by multivariable regression (adjusting for age, cholesterol, inflammatory markers, carotenoids, body mass index, physical activity level, alcohol intake, smoking status and national deprivation category). RESULTS Serum γ-tocopherol was associated with increasing concentrations of hs-CRP, SAA and E-selectin (P-trend all <0.0001), while α-tocopherol was associated with decreasing concentrations of IL-6 and hs-CRP (P-trend all <0.001). Controlling for covariates, serum α-tocopherol was positively associated with BMD at the femoral neck (β = 0.002, P = 0.04) among those not reporting vitamin E supplementation. CONCLUSION We did not find biologically meaningful results between dietary and tocopherol homologues with BTMs or BMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- T C Yang
- Natural Products Group, Rowett Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, AB21 9SB, UK.
- School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Aberdeen, Health Sciences Building, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD, UK.
| | - G G Duthie
- Natural Products Group, Rowett Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, AB21 9SB, UK
| | - L S Aucott
- School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Aberdeen, Health Sciences Building, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD, UK
| | - H M Macdonald
- School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Aberdeen, Health Sciences Building, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD, UK
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Kim SK, Im GJ, An YS, Lee SH, Jung HH, Park SY. The effects of the antioxidant α-tocopherol succinate on cisplatin-induced ototoxicity in HEI-OC1 auditory cells. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 2016; 86:9-14. [PMID: 27260571 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2016.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2015] [Revised: 02/22/2016] [Accepted: 04/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
CONCLUSION D-α-tocopherol succinate significantly reduced a cisplatin-induced hair cell loss in HEI-OC1 cell lines. These effects were mediated by its scavenging activity against reactive oxygen species (ROS) and inhibition of apoptosis. OBJECTIVES Alpha-tocopherol is a class of methylated phenols, known as fat-soluble antioxidants, and is a different form of vitamin E, which reduces free radicals and acts as an antioxidant. We hypothesized that the antioxidative effect of α-tocopherol could protect against cisplastin-induced cytotoxicity, and thus evaluated its effects on cisplatin-induced ototoxicity in HEI-OC1 auditory cells. METHODS HEI-OC1 cells were pretreated with D-α-tocopherol succinate at a concentration of 10 µM for 24 h, and then exposed to 15 µM cisplatin for 48 h. The cellular viability was measured by using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) method. The intracellular ROS level was measured by using a fluorescent dye, 2',7'-dichlorofluorescein diacetate (DCFH-DA). Both Annexin V-FITC and propidium iodide (PI) staining were performed to analyze the pattern of apoptosis. The enzymatic activity of caspase-3 was assayed with caspase3/CPP32 fluorometric assay kit. Also, it was assessed by immunoblotting technique of poly-ADP-ribose polymerase (PARP). RESULTS Pretreatment with 10 µM D-α-tocopherol succinate protected HEI-OC1 auditory cells against cisplatin-induced cytotoxicity. D-α-tocopherol succinate significantly reduced the cisplatin-induced increase in ROS. D-α-tocopherol succinate treatment induced a 15% reduction of ROS and 50% decrease in necrosis and late apoptosis as compared to cisplatin treatment. D-α-tocopherol succinate also decreased the activation of caspase-3 and reduced levels of cleaved poly-ADP-ribose polymerase (PARP).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Kyun Kim
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Korea University College of Medicine, Inchon-ro 73, Seongbuk-Gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Gi Jung Im
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Korea University College of Medicine, Inchon-ro 73, Seongbuk-Gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun Suk An
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Jesaeng Hospital, Seohyeon-ro 20, Bundang-Gu, Seognam, Gyeonggi, Republic of Korea
| | - Se Hee Lee
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Korea University College of Medicine, Inchon-ro 73, Seongbuk-Gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hak Hyun Jung
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Korea University College of Medicine, Inchon-ro 73, Seongbuk-Gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Yoo Park
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, 162 Ilsan-dong, Wonju 220-701, Republic of Korea.
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Guertin KA, Grant RK, Arnold KB, Burwell L, Hartline J, Goodman PJ, Minasian LM, Lippman SM, Klein E, Cassano PA. Effect of long-term vitamin E and selenium supplementation on urine F2-isoprostanes, a biomarker of oxidative stress. Free Radic Biol Med 2016; 95:349-56. [PMID: 27012420 PMCID: PMC4867301 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2016.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2015] [Revised: 02/26/2016] [Accepted: 03/11/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cigarette smoking generates reactive oxidant species and contributes to systemic oxidative stress, which plays a role in the pathophysiology of chronic diseases. Nutrients with antioxidant properties, including vitamin E and selenium, are proposed to reduce systemic oxidative burden and thus to mitigate the negative health effects of reactive oxidant species. OBJECTIVE Our objective was to determine whether long-term supplementation with vitamin E and/or selenium reduces oxidative stress in smokers, as measured by urine 8-iso-prostaglandin F2-alpha (8-iso-PGF2α). DESIGN We measured urine 8-iso-PGF2α with competitive enzyme linked immunoassay (ELISA) in 312 male current smokers after 36 months of intervention in a randomized placebo-controlled trial of vitamin E (400IU/d all rac-α-tocopheryl acetate) and/or selenium (200µg/d L-selenomethionine). We used linear regression to estimate the effect of intervention on urine 8-iso-PGF2α, with adjustments for age and race. RESULTS Compared to placebo, vitamin E alone lowered urine 8-iso-PGF2α by 21% (p=0.02); there was no effect of combined vitamin E and selenium (intervention arm lower by 9%; p=0.37) or selenium alone (intervention arm higher by 8%; p=0.52). CONCLUSIONS Long-term vitamin E supplementation decreases urine 8-iso-PGF2α among male cigarette smokers, but we observed little to no evidence for an effect of selenium supplementation, alone or combined with vitamin E.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin A Guertin
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, 209 Savage Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Rachael K Grant
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, 209 Savage Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | | | - Lindsay Burwell
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, 209 Savage Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | | | | | - Lori M Minasian
- Division of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Scott M Lippman
- University of California San Diego Cancer Center, San Diego, CA, USA
| | | | - Patricia A Cassano
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, 209 Savage Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA; Department of Healthcare Policy and Research, Division of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA.
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Xue H, Ren H, Zhang L, Sun X, Wang W, Zhang S, Zhao J, Ming L. Alpha-tocopherol ameliorates experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis through the regulation of Th1 cells. Iran J Basic Med Sci 2016; 19:561-6. [PMID: 27403263 PMCID: PMC4923477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a serious neurological autoimmune disease, it commonly affects young adults. Vitamin E (Vit E) is an important component of human diet with antioxidant activity, which protects the body's biological systems. In order to assess the effect of Vit E treatment on this autoimmune disease, we established experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), the animal model of MS, and treated EAE with α-tocopherol (AT) which is the main content of Vit E. MATERIALS AND METHODS Twenty C57BL/6 adult female mice were used and divided into two groups randomly. EAE was induced with myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG), and one group was treated with AT, at a dose of 100 mg/kg on the 3(th) day post-immunization with MOG, the other group was treated with 1% alcohol. Mice were euthanized on day 14, post-immunization, spleens were removed for assessing splenocytes proliferation and cytokine profile, and spinal cords were dissected to assess the infiltration of inflammatory cells in spinal cord. RESULTS AT was able to attenuate the severity of EAE and delay the disease progression. H&E staining and fast blue staining indicated that AT reduced the inflammation and the demyelination reaction in the spinal cord. Treatment with AT significantly decreased the proliferation of splenocytes. AT also inhibited the production of IFN-γ (Th1 cytokine), though the other cytokines were only affected slightly. CONCLUSION According to the results, AT ameliorated EAE, through suppressing the proliferation of T cells and the Th1 response. AT may be used as a potential treatment for MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haikuo Xue
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450002, China,Key Clinical Laboratory Medicine of Henan Province, Zhengzhou 450002, China,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450002, China,Key Laboratory of the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan450002, China
| | - Huijun Ren
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450002, China,Key Clinical Laboratory Medicine of Henan Province, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450002, China,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450002, China
| | - Xiaoxu Sun
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Wanhai Wang
- Key Clinical Laboratory Medicine of Henan Province, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Shijie Zhang
- Key Clinical Laboratory Medicine of Henan Province, Zhengzhou 450002, China,Key Laboratory of the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan450002, China
| | - Junwei Zhao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450002, China
| | - Liang Ming
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450002, China,Key Clinical Laboratory Medicine of Henan Province, Zhengzhou 450002, China,Corresponding author: Liang Ming. Department of Clinical Laboratory, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450002, China. Key Clinical Laboratory Medicine of Henan province, Zhengzhou 450002, China. Tel: +86-0371-66913118;
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Kavitha M, Selvaraj S, Khetarpal A, Raj A, Pasupathy S, Shekar S. Comparative evaluation of superoxide dismutase, alpha-tocopherol, and 10% sodium ascorbate on reversal of shear bond strength of bleached enamel: An in vitro study. Eur J Dent 2016; 10:109-115. [PMID: 27011749 PMCID: PMC4784140 DOI: 10.4103/1305-7456.175693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate the neutralizer effect of antioxidant agents on the bond strength of bleached enamel. MATERIALS AND METHODS Sixty enamel slabs were prepared from 60 freshly extracted maxillary central incisors and were divided into six groups. The negative control group received no bleaching treatment and the other groups were bleached with 35% carbamide peroxide (Opalescence Quick; Ultradent, South Jordan, USA). In Group II, composite was built immediately after bleaching and cured without any antioxidants. In Group III, bleached specimens received composite build ups delayed by 1 week. In Groups IV, V, and VI bleached specimens received applications of superoxide dismutase (SOD), sodium ascorbate (SA), and tocopherol solutions, respectively, for 10 min. Following composite bonding, the micro shear bond strength (μSBS) was measured at a speed of 1 mm/min in universal testing machine. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS USED The μSBS values of all the groups were analyzed using the analysis of variance followed by Tukey honestly significant difference post-hoc test. RESULTS Bonding of composites to unbleached group (Group I) exhibited the highest mean SBS values and among the antioxidant-treated groups, the highest SBS values were seen with SOD (Group IV) treated samples (23.0040 ± 4.30565 MPa). CONCLUSIONS Application of SA, alpha-tocopherol, and SOD can effectively reverse the bond strength with bleached enamel. SOD gave a comparatively more promising reversal of bond strength than SA and alpha-tocopherol, and deserves further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahendran Kavitha
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Tamil Nadu Government Dental College and Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sharmila Selvaraj
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Tamil Nadu Government Dental College and Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ambica Khetarpal
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Tamil Nadu Government Dental College and Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Aruna Raj
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Tamil Nadu Government Dental College and Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Shakunthala Pasupathy
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Tamil Nadu Government Dental College and Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Shobana Shekar
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Tamil Nadu Government Dental College and Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
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Simon LC, Stout RW, Sabliov C. Bioavailability of Orally Delivered Alpha-Tocopherol by Poly(Lactic-Co-Glycolic) Acid (PLGA) Nanoparticles and Chitosan Covered PLGA Nanoparticles in F344 Rats. Nanobiomedicine (Rij) 2016; 3:8. [PMID: 29942383 PMCID: PMC5998269 DOI: 10.5772/63305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2016] [Accepted: 03/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
It is hypothesized that the bioavailability of αT (alpha-tocopherol), an antioxidant, can be improved when delivered by poly(lactic-co-glycolic) acid (PLGA) nanoparticles (NPs) and chitosan covered PLGA nanoparticles (PLGA-Chi NPs), and that the mucoadhesive properties of chitosan may enhance absorption of αT. PLGA and PLGA-Chi NPs were characterized by measuring entrapment efficiency, size, polydispersity, and zeta potential. Nanoparticle physical stability, chemical stability of entrapped αT, and release kinetics were also measured. Pharmacokinetic studies were conducted by administering PLGA (αT) NPs, PLGA-Chi (αT) NPs, and free αT via oral gavage in rats. The size and zeta potential of the two particle systems were 97.87 ± 2.63 nm and -36.2 ± 1.31 mV for PLGA(αT) NPs, and 134 ± 2.05 nm and 38.0 ± 2.90 mV for PLGA-Chi (αT) nanoparticles in DI water. The particle systems showed to be stable during various in vitro assays. Bioavailability of nanodelivered αT was improved compared to the free αT, by 170% and 121% for PLGA and PLGA-Chi NPs, respectively. It was concluded that while chitosan did not further improved bioavailability of αT, PLGA NPs protected the entrapped drug from the GI environment degradation and proved to be an effective delivery system for αT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lacey C. Simon
- Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Louisiana State University A&M and LSU Agricultural Center, USA
| | - Rhett W. Stout
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, Louisiana State University A&M, USA
| | - Cristina Sabliov
- Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Louisiana State University A&M and LSU Agricultural Center, USA
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Lewis DR, Petersen LK, York AW, Ahuja S, Chae H, Joseph LB, Rahimi S, Uhrich KE, Haser PB, Moghe PV. Nanotherapeutics for inhibition of atherogenesis and modulation of inflammation in atherosclerotic plaques. Cardiovasc Res 2015; 109:283-93. [PMID: 26472131 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvv237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2014] [Accepted: 10/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Atherosclerotic development is exacerbated by two coupled pathophysiological phenomena in plaque-resident cells: modified lipid trafficking and inflammation. To address this therapeutic challenge, we designed and investigated the efficacy in vitro and ex vivo of a novel 'composite' nanotherapeutic formulation with dual activity, wherein the nanoparticle core comprises the antioxidant α-tocopherol and the shell is based on sugar-derived amphiphilic polymers that exhibit scavenger receptor binding and counteract atherogenesis. METHODS AND RESULTS Amphiphilic macromolecules were kinetically fabricated into serum-stable nanoparticles (NPs) using a core/shell configuration. The core of the NPs comprised either of a hydrophobe derived from mucic acid, M12, or the antioxidant α-tocopherol (α-T), while an amphiphile based on PEG-terminated M12 served as the shell. These composite NPs were then tested and validated for inhibition of oxidized lipid accumulation and inflammatory signalling in cultures of primary human macrophages, smooth muscle cells, and endothelial cells. Next, the NPs were evaluated for their athero-inflammatory effects in a novel ex vivo carotid plaque model and showed similar effects within human tissue. Incorporation of α-T into the hydrophobic core of the NPs caused a pronounced reduction in the inflammatory response, while maintaining high levels of anti-atherogenic efficacy. CONCLUSIONS Sugar-based amphiphilic macromolecules can be complexed with α-T to establish new anti-athero-inflammatory nanotherapeutics. These dual efficacy NPs effectively inhibited key features of atherosclerosis (modified lipid uptake and the formation of foam cells) while demonstrating reduction in inflammatory markers based on a disease-mimetic model of human atherosclerotic plaques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel R Lewis
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers University, 599 Taylor Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Latrisha K Petersen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers University, 599 Taylor Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Adam W York
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers University, 599 Taylor Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Sonali Ahuja
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers University, 599 Taylor Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Hoonbyung Chae
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers University, 599 Taylor Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Laurie B Joseph
- Department of Pharmacology, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Saum Rahimi
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Kathryn E Uhrich
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Paul B Haser
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Prabhas V Moghe
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers University, 599 Taylor Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
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