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Zhang XY, Li HN, Chen F, Chen YP, Chai Y, Liao JZ, Gan B, Chen DP, Li S, Liu YQ. Icariin regulates miR-23a-3p-mediated osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs via BMP-2/Smad5/Runx2 and WNT/β-catenin pathways in osteonecrosis of the femoral head. Saudi Pharm J 2021; 29:1405-15. [PMID: 35002378 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2021.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Icariin is commonly used for the clinical treatment of osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH). miR-23a-3p plays a vital role in regulating the osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs). The present study aimed to investigate the roles of icariin and miR-23a-3p in the osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs and an ONFH model. BMSCs were isolated and cultured in vitro using icariin-containing serum at various concentrations, and BMSCs were also transfected with a miR-23a inhibitor. The alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and cell viability as well as BMP-2/Smad5/Runx2 and WNT/β-catenin pathway-related mRNA and protein expression were measured in BMSCs. Additionally, a dual-luciferase reporter assay and pathway inhibitors were used to verify the relationship of icariin treatment/miR-23a and the above pathways. An ONFH rat model was established in vivo, and a 28-day gavage treatment and lentivirus transfection of miR-23a-3p inhibitor were performed. Then, bone biochemical markers (ELISA kits) in serum, femoral head (HE staining and Digital Radiography, DR) and the above pathway-related proteins were detected. Our results revealed that icariin treatment/miR-23a knockdown promoted BMSC viability and osteogenic differentiation as well as increased the mRNA and protein expression of BMP-2, BMP-4, Runx2, p-Smad5, Wnt1 and β-catenin in BMSCs and ONFH model rats. In addition, icariin treatment/miR-23a knockdown increased bone biochemical markers (ACP-5, BAP, NTXI, CTXI and OC) and improved ONFH in ONFH model rats. In addition, a dual-luciferase reporter assay verified that Runx2 was a direct target of miR-23a-3p. These data indicated that icariin promotes BMSC viability and osteogenic differentiation as well as improves ONFH by decreasing miR-23a-3p levels and regulating the BMP-2/Smad5/Runx2 and WNT/β-catenin pathways.
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Key Words
- BAP, bone-specific alkaline phosphatase
- BMP-2, bone morphogenetic protein-2
- BMP-2/Smad5/Runx2 pathway
- BMP-4, bone morphogenetic protein-4
- BMSCs, bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells
- CTX-1, C-terminal telopeptides of type I collagen
- DMEM, Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium
- DR, Digital Radiography
- FBS, fetal bovine serum
- HE, Hematoxylin‐eosin
- Icariin
- LPS, lipopolysaccharide
- NTX-1, N-terminal telopeptides of type I collagen
- OC, osteocalcin
- ONFH, osteonecrosis of the femoral head
- Osteonecrosis of the femoral head
- RT-PCR, Real time PCR
- SI, icariin-containing serum
- TRACP-5b, tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase 5b
- WNT/β-catenin pathway
- miR-23a-3p
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Arasu K, Chang CY, Wong SY, Ong SH, Yang WY, Chong MHZ, Mavinkurve M, Khoo EJ, Chinna K, Weaver CM, Chee WSS. Design and strategies used for recruitment and retention in a double blind randomized controlled trial investigating the effects of soluble corn fiber on bone indices in pre-adolescent children (PREBONE-Kids study) in Malaysia. Contemp Clin Trials Commun 2021; 22:100801. [PMID: 34195468 PMCID: PMC8233130 DOI: 10.1016/j.conctc.2021.100801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2020] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Recruitment and retention in longitudinal nutrition intervention studies among children is challenging and scarcely reported. This paper describes the strategies and lessons learned from a 1-year randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial among pre-adolescent children on the effects of soluble corn fiber (SCF) on bone indices (PREBONE-Kids). Methods Participants (9–11 years old) were recruited and randomized into 4 treatment groups (600 mg calcium, 12 g SCF, 12 g SCF plus 600 mg calcium and placebo). Interventions were consumed as a fruit-flavored powdered drink for 1-year. School-based recruitment was effective due to support on study benefits from parents and teachers, peer influence and a 2-weeks study run-in for participants to assess their readiness to commit to the study protocol. Retention strategies focused on building rapport through school-based fun activities, WhatsApp messaging, providing health screening and travel reimbursements for study measurements. Compliance was enhanced by providing direct on-site school feeding and monthly non-cash rewards. Choice of 2 flavors for the intervention drinks were provided to overcome taste fatigue. Satisfaction level on the manner in which the study was conducted was obtained from a voluntary sub-set of participants. Results The study successfully enrolled 243 participants within 6 months and retained 82.7% of the participants at the end of 1 year, yielding a drop-out rate of 17.3%. Compliance to the intervention drink was 85% at the start and remained at 78.7% at the end of 1 year. More than 95% of the participants provided good feedback on intervention drinks, rapport building activities, communication and overall study conduct. Conclusion Successful strategies focused on study benefits, rapport building, frequent communication using social media and non-cash incentives helped improved compliance and retention rate. The lessons learned to maintain a high retention and compliance rate in this study provide valuable insights for future studies in a similar population. PREBONE-Kids contributes to evidence on the effect of soluble corn fiber on bone indices in pre-adolescent Asian children. School-based recruitment, study nature, perceived benefits and study run-in were effective strategies for recruitment. Rapport building, direct on-site feeding and rewarding protocol adherence were critical for good retention and compliance.
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Key Words
- 25-OHD, serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D
- BAP, bone-specific alkaline phosphatase
- BMC, bone mineral content
- BMD, bone mineral density
- CTX, carboxy-terminal collagen crosslinks
- Calcium
- Compliance
- DXA, dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry
- MET, total metabolic equivalent
- OC, osteocalcin
- P1NP, procollagen type 1 amino-terminal propeptide
- PBM, peak bone mass
- Pre-adolescent children
- SCF, soluble corn fibre
- Soluble corn fiber
- Study retention
- iPTH, intact parathyroid hormone
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanimolli Arasu
- Department of Nutrition & Dietetics, School of Health Sciences, International Medical University, 57000, Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Chung Yuan Chang
- Department of Nutrition & Dietetics, School of Health Sciences, International Medical University, 57000, Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Soon Yee Wong
- Department of Nutrition & Dietetics, School of Health Sciences, International Medical University, 57000, Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Shu Hwa Ong
- Department of Nutrition & Dietetics, School of Health Sciences, International Medical University, 57000, Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Wai Yew Yang
- Department of Nutrition & Dietetics, School of Health Sciences, International Medical University, 57000, Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Megan Hueh Zan Chong
- Department of Nutrition & Dietetics, School of Health Sciences, International Medical University, 57000, Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Meenal Mavinkurve
- Department of Paediatrics, School of Medicine, International Medical University, Jalan Rasah, 70300, Seremban, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia
| | - Erwin Jiayuan Khoo
- Department of Paediatrics, School of Medicine, International Medical University, Jalan Rasah, 70300, Seremban, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia
| | - Karuthan Chinna
- Faculty of Health & Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Taylor's University, No 1, Jalan Taylor's, 47500, Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | | | - Winnie Siew Swee Chee
- Department of Nutrition & Dietetics, School of Health Sciences, International Medical University, 57000, Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Khwanchuea R, Punsawad C. Sex differences in the relationship between body composition and biomarkers of bone and fat metabolism in obese boys and girls. Bone Rep 2021; 14:101087. [PMID: 34026951 DOI: 10.1016/j.bonr.2021.101087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Whether a body mass derived from extremes of body weight is beneficial to bone remains controversial. When fat accumulation reaches excessive levels and induces changes in hormonal factors and adipokines, it may affect bone accrual during growth. This study evaluated the relationships between body composition and key biomarkers in relation to bone and fat metabolism in obese Thai boys and girls. Subjects aged 12-14 years were grouped by body mass index (BMI) and percentage of body fat (%Fat). Body composition and heel bone Z-score and speed of sound (SOS) were assessed by bioelectrical impedance analysis and calcaneus bone densitometry, respectively. Serum osteocalcin (OC), adiponectin, leptin, insulin, and 25 hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) were measured by ELISA. Their correlations were analyzed and compared between sexes. The results showed that the obese groups had no differences in mean BMIs and body composition, except that boys had more muscle mass than girls. Boys had lower serum OC and leptin levels than girls. Positive correlations of leptin with %Fat and FM were found in both sexes, while positive associations of %Fat with OC and insulin were found only in boys. Bone Z-score and SOS positively correlated with OC in boys but negatively correlated with 25(OH)D in girls. When classifying the obese group using %Fat ≥25, the positive correlations between %Fat and insulin and the negative associations between %Fat and adiponectin in girls were more pronounced. These results suggest that the associations of body fat and bone parameters with OC, adiponectin, 25(OH)D, and insulin were sex-specific, with greater clarity when %Fat was used instead of BMI to classify obesity.
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Key Words
- %Fat, percentage of body fat
- 25(OH)D
- 25(OH)D, 25-hydroxyvitamin D
- Adiponectin
- Adolescents
- BMC, bone mineral content
- BMD, bone mineral density
- BMI, body mass index
- BW, body weight
- Body fat percentage
- ELISA, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
- FFM, free fat mass
- FFMI, free fat mass index
- FM, fat mass
- FMI, fat mass index
- IR, insulin resistance
- Leptin
- MM, muscle mass
- OC, osteocalcin
- Osteocalcin
- SOS, speed of sound
- aBMD, areal bone mineral density
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Sim M, Lewis JR, Prince RL, Levinger I, Brennan-Speranza TC, Palmer C, Bondonno CP, Bondonno NP, Devine A, Ward NC, Byrnes E, Schultz CJ, Woodman R, Croft K, Hodgson JM, Blekkenhorst LC. The effects of vitamin K-rich green leafy vegetables on bone metabolism: A 4-week randomised controlled trial in middle-aged and older individuals. Bone Rep 2020; 12:100274. [PMID: 32455149 PMCID: PMC7235933 DOI: 10.1016/j.bonr.2020.100274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Background High vegetable intake is associated with beneficial effects on bone. However, the mechanisms remain uncertain. Green leafy vegetables are a rich source of vitamin K1, which is known to have large effects on osteoblasts and osteocalcin (OC) metabolism. Objective To examine the effects of consumption of two to three extra serves of green leafy vegetables daily on bone metabolism. Methods Thirty individuals (mean age 61.8 ± 9.9 years, 67% male) completed three experimental phases in a randomised controlled crossover design, each lasting four weeks, with a washout period of four weeks between phases (clinical trial registration: ACTRN12615000194561). The three experimental phases were: (i) increased dietary vitamin K1 by consuming green leafy vegetables (H-K; ~200 g/d containing 164.3 [99.5-384.7] μg/d of vitamin K1); (ii) low vitamin K1 by consuming vitamin K1-poor vegetables (L-K; ~200 g/d containing 9.4 [7.7-11.6] μg/d of vitamin K1); and (iii) control (CON) where participants consumed an energy-matched non-vegetable control. OC forms, total OC (tOC), carboxylated OC (cOC) and undercarboxylated OC (ucOC), were measured in serum pre- and post-intervention for each experimental phase using a sandwich-electrochemiluminescence immunoassay. Results Pre-intervention tOC, ucOC and ucOC:tOC levels were similar between phases (P > .05). Following H-K, but not L-K, tOC, ucOC and ucOC:tOC levels were significantly lower compared to pre-intervention levels (P ≤ .001) and compared to CON (~14%, 31% and 19%, respectively, all P < .05), while cOC remained unchanged. Conclusions In middle-aged healthy men and women, an easily achieved increase in dietary intake of vitamin K1-rich green leafy vegetables substantially reduces serum tOC and ucOC suggesting increased entry of OC into bone matrix, where it may improve the material property of bone. In conjunction with previous epidemiological and randomised controlled trial data, these findings suggest that interventions to increase vegetable intake over extended periods should include bone end points including fracture risk.
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Key Words
- Ageing
- BMD, bone mineral density
- Bone
- CON, control
- CTX, collagen type I C-terminal cross-linked telopeptide
- FFQ, food frequency questionnaire
- GCMS, gas-chromatography mass spectrometry
- H-K, experimental phase with high vitamin K1 intake
- L-K, experimental phase with low vitamin K1 intake
- METs, metabolic equivalents
- MK, menaquinones
- Nutrition
- OC, osteocalcin
- Osteocalcin
- P1NP, N-terminal propeptide of type I collagen
- PK, phylloquinone
- RCT, randomised controlled trial
- USDA, United States Department of Agriculture
- VIABP, Vegetable intake and blood pressure study
- VKDP, vitamin K dependant proteins
- Vitamin K
- cOC, carboxylated osteocalcin
- tOC, total osteocalcin
- ucOC, undercarboxylated osteocalcin
- ucOC:tOC, fraction of undercarboxylated osteocalcin
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Sim
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia.,Medical School, Royal Perth Hospital Unit, The University Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Joshua R Lewis
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia.,Medical School, Royal Perth Hospital Unit, The University Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia.,Centre for Kidney Research, Children's Hospital at Westmead, School of Public Health, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Richard L Prince
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, WA, Australia.,Medical School, Sir Charles Gardner Unit, The University Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Itamar Levinger
- Institute for Health and Sport (iHeS), Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), University of Melbourne and Western Health, St Albans, VIC, Australia
| | - Tara C Brennan-Speranza
- Department of Physiology, Bosch Institute for Medical Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Claire Palmer
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia.,School of Biomedical Science, Royal Perth Hospital Unit, The University Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Catherine P Bondonno
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia.,Medical School, Royal Perth Hospital Unit, The University Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Nicola P Bondonno
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia.,Medical School, Royal Perth Hospital Unit, The University Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Amanda Devine
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia
| | - Natalie C Ward
- Medical School, Royal Perth Hospital Unit, The University Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia.,School of Public Health & Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Elizabeth Byrnes
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, PathWest Laboratory Medicine, Queen Elizabeth II Medical Centre, Perth, Australia
| | - Carl J Schultz
- Medical School, Royal Perth Hospital Unit, The University Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia.,Department of Cardiology, Royal Perth Hospital, WA, Australia
| | - Richard Woodman
- Flinders Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Kevin Croft
- School of Biomedical Science, Royal Perth Hospital Unit, The University Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Jonathan M Hodgson
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia.,Medical School, Royal Perth Hospital Unit, The University Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Lauren C Blekkenhorst
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia.,Medical School, Royal Perth Hospital Unit, The University Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
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Abstract
Intake of high-fat/high-sucrose (HFS) diet or high fat diet influences bone metabolism in young rodents, but its effects on bone properties of aged rodents still remain unclear. This study aimed to examine the effects of HFS diet intake on trabecular bone architecture (TBA) and cortical bone geometry (CBG) in aged rats. Fifteen male Wistar rats over 1 year were randomly divided into two groups. One group was fed a standard laboratory diet (SLD) and the other group was fed a HFS diet for six months. The femur/tibia, obtained from both groups at the end of experimental period, were scanned by micro-computed tomography for TBA/CBG analyses. Serum biochemical analyses were also conducted. Body weight was significantly higher in the HFS group than in the SLD group. In both femur and tibia, the HFS group showed higher trabecular/cortical bone mass in reference to bone mineral content, volume bone mineral density and TBA/CBG parameters compared with the SLD group. In addition, serum calcium, inorganic phosphorus, total protein, triacylglycerol, HDL and TRACP-5b levels were significantly higher in the HFS group than in the SLD group. There were good correlations between body weight and bone parameters in the femur and tibia. These results suggest that HFS diet intake results in higher bone mass in aged rats. Such effects of HFS diet intake might have been induced by increased body weight.
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Key Words
- ALP, alkaline phosphatase
- Aged rats
- BMC, bone mineral content
- BMD, bone mineral density
- BV, bone volume
- BV/TV, bone volume fraction
- CBG, cortical bone geometry
- CV, cortical bone volume
- CV/(CV + MV), cortical volume fraction
- Ca, calcium
- Conn.D, connectivity density
- Cortical bone geometry
- Ct.Ar, cortical bone sectional area
- Ct.Th, cortical bone thickness
- DXA, dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry
- Ec.Pm, endocortical perimeter
- HDL, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol
- HFD, high fat diet
- HFS, high-fat/high-sucrose
- High-fat sucrose diet
- IP, inorganic phosphorus
- LDL, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol
- MV, medullary volume
- Micro-computed tomography
- OC, osteocalcin
- Ps.Pm, periosteal perimeter
- SLD, standard laboratory diet
- TBA, trabecular bone architecture
- TBPf, trabecular bone pattern factor
- TC, total cholesterol
- TG, triacylglycerol
- TMD, tissue mineral density
- TP, total protein
- TRACP-5b, tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase-5b
- TV, tissue volume
- Tb.N, trabecular number
- Tb.Sp, trabecular separation
- Tb.Th, trabecular thickness
- Tb.W, trabecular width
- Trabecular bone architecture
- VOI, volume of interest
- micro-CT, x-ray micro-computed tomography
- vBMD, volume BMD
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Minematsu
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Health Science, Kio University, 4-2-2 Umaminaka, Koryo-cho, Kitakatsuragi-gun, Nara 635-0832, Japan
| | - Yasue Nishii
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Health Science, Kio University, 4-2-2 Umaminaka, Koryo-cho, Kitakatsuragi-gun, Nara 635-0832, Japan
| | - Susumu Sakata
- Department of Physiology, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijou-cho, Kashihara, Nara 634-8521, Japan
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Hinton PS, Ortinau LC, Dirkes RK, Shaw EL, Richard MW, Zidon TZ, Britton SL, Koch LG, Vieira-Potter VJ. Soy protein improves tibial whole-bone and tissue-level biomechanical properties in ovariectomized and ovary-intact, low-fit female rats. Bone Rep 2018; 8:244-254. [PMID: 29922706 PMCID: PMC6005802 DOI: 10.1016/j.bonr.2018.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2017] [Revised: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Osteoporosis and related fractures, decreased physical activity, and metabolic dysfunction are serious health concerns for postmenopausal women. Soy protein might counter the negative effects of menopause on bone and metabolic health due to the additive or synergistic effects of its bioactive components. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effects of ovariectomy (OVX) and a soy-protein diet (SOY) on bone outcomes in female, low-capacity running (LCR) rats selectively bred for low aerobic fitness as a model of menopause. METHODS At 27 weeks of age, LCR rats (N = 40) underwent OVX or sham (SHAM) surgery and were randomized to one of two isocaloric and isonitrogenous plant-protein-based dietary treatments: 1) soy-protein (SOY; soybean meal); or, 2) control (CON, corn-gluten meal), resulting in four treatment groups. During the 30-week dietary intervention, animals were provided ad libitum access to food and water; body weight and food intake were measured weekly. At completion of the 30-week intervention, body composition was measured using EchoMRI; animals were fasted overnight, euthanized, and blood and hindlimbs collected. Plasma markers of bone formation (osteocalcin, OC; N-terminal propeptide of type I procollagen, P1NP) and resorption (tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase, TRAP5b; C-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen, CTx) were measured using ELISA. Tibial trabecular microarchitecture and cortical geometry were evaluated using μCT; and torsional loading to failure was used to assess cortical biomechanical properties. Advanced glycation end-product (AGE) content of the femur was measured using a fluorimetric assay, and was expressed relative to collagen content measured by a colorimetric OH-proline assay. Two-factor ANOVA or ANOVCA was used to test for significant main and interactive effects of ovarian status (OV STAT: OVX vs. SHAM) and DIET (SOY vs. CON); final body weight was included as a covariate for body-weight-dependent cortical geometry and biomechanical properties. RESULTS OVX had significantly greater CTx than SHAM; SOY did not affect bone turnover markers. OVX adversely affected trabecular microarchitecture as evidenced by reduced BV/TV, trabecular thickness (Tb.Th), trabecular number (Tb.N), and connectivity density (Conn.D), and by increased trabecular separation (Tb.Sp) and structural model index (SMI). SOY increased BV/TV only in ovary-intact animals. There was no effect of OVX or SOY on tibial cortical geometry. In SHAM and OVX rats, SOY significantly improved whole-bone strength and stiffness; SOY also increased tissue-level stiffness and tended to increase tissue-level strength (p = 0.067). There was no effect of OVX or SOY on AGE content. CONCLUSION Soy protein improved cortical bone biomechanical properties in female low-fit rats, regardless of ovarian hormone status.
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Key Words
- Bone
- CON, control diet
- CTx, C-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen
- Conn.D, connectivity density
- G, shear modulus of elasticity
- Ks, torsional stiffness
- LCR, low-capacity runners
- Menopause
- OC, osteocalcin
- OVX, ovariectomy
- Osteoporosis
- Ovariectomy
- P1NP, N-terminal propeptide of type I procollagen
- SHM, Sham
- SOY, Soy-protein-based diet
- Soy protein
- Su, ultimate tensile strength
- TRAP5b, tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase
- Tb.N, trabecular number
- Tb.Sp, trabecular separation
- Tb.Th, trabecular thickness
- Tmax, maximal torque
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela S. Hinton
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Laura C. Ortinau
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Rebecca K. Dirkes
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Emily L. Shaw
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Matthew W. Richard
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Terese Z. Zidon
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Steven L. Britton
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Lauren G. Koch
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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7
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Torii S, Ikari Y, Tanabe K, Kakuta T, Hatori M, Shioi A, Okano T. Plasma phylloquinone, menaquinone-4 and menaquinone-7 levels and coronary artery calcification. J Nutr Sci 2016; 5:e48. [PMID: 28620475 DOI: 10.1017/jns.2016.20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2015] [Revised: 04/17/2016] [Accepted: 05/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Vitamin K is considered to be involved in the pathological mechanisms of coronary artery calcification (CAC). Correlation between CAC and plasma vitamin K levels was studied. A total of 103 patients, with at least one coronary risk factor, were studied. CAC was measured using 64-slice multislice computed tomography (MSCT) and divided into three groups: none (CAC score = 0; n 25), mild to moderate (0 < CAC score < 400; n 52) and severe (CAC score > 400; n 26). Phylloquinone (PK) and menaquinone (MK)-4 and MK-7 were measured by HPLC-tandem MS. Mean age of patients was 64 (sd 13) years, of which 57 % were male. Median CAC score was 57·2. Median levels of PK, MK-4 and MK-7 were 1·33, 0 and 6·99 ng/ml, showing that MK-7 was the dominant vitamin K in this population. MK-7 showed a significant inverse correlation with uncarboxylated osteocalcin (ucOC, P = 0·014), protein induced by vitamin K absence of antagonist-2 (PIVKA-2, P = 0·013), intact parathyroid hormone (P = 0·007) and bone-specific alkaline phosphatase (P = 0·018). CAC showed an inverse correlation with total circulating uncarboxylated matrix Gla protein (t-ucMGP, P = 0·018) and Hb (P = 0·05), and a positive correlation with age (P < 0·001), creatinine, collagen type 1 cross-linked N-terminal telopeptide (NTX, P = 0·03), pulse wave velocity (P < 0·001) and osteoprotegerin (P < 0·001). However, CAC did not have a significant correlation with plasma levels of PK, MK-4 or MK-7. In conclusion, plasma MK-7, MK-4 or PK level did not show significant correlation with CAC despite the association between plasma vitamin K levels and vitamin K-dependent proteins such as ucOC or PIVKA-2.
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Key Words
- BAP, bone-specific alkaline phosphatase
- CAC, coronary artery calcification
- Coronary artery calcification
- MGP, matrix Gla protein
- MK, menaquinone
- Matrix Gla protein
- NTX, N-terminal telopeptide
- OC, osteocalcin
- OPG, osteoprotegerin
- Osteocalcin
- PIVKA-2, protein induced by vitamin K absence of antagonist-2
- PK, phylloquinone
- PTH, parathyroid hormone
- PWV, pulse wave velocity
- Vitamin K
- t-ucMGP, total circulating uncarboxylated matrix Gla protein
- ucOC, uncarboxylated osteocalcin
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Ouattara A, Cooke D, Gopalakrishnan R, Huang TH, Ables GP. Methionine restriction alters bone morphology and affects osteoblast differentiation. Bone Rep 2016; 5:33-42. [PMID: 28326345 PMCID: PMC4926829 DOI: 10.1016/j.bonr.2016.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2015] [Revised: 01/20/2016] [Accepted: 02/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Methionine restriction (MR) extends the lifespan of a wide variety of species, including rodents, drosophila, nematodes, and yeasts. MR has also been demonstrated to affect the overall growth of mice and rats. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of MR on bone structure in young and aged male and female C57BL/6J mice. This study indicated that MR affected the growth rates of males and young females, but not aged females. MR reduced volumetric bone mass density (vBMD) and bone mineral content (BMC), while bone microarchitecture parameters were decreased in males and young females, but not in aged females compared to control-fed (CF) mice. However, when adjusted for bodyweight, the effect of MR in reducing vBMD, BMC and microarchitecture measurements was either attenuated or reversed suggesting that the smaller bones in MR mice is appropriate for its body size. In addition, CF and MR mice had similar intrinsic strength properties as measured by nanoindentation. Plasma biomarkers suggested that the low bone mass in MR mice could be due to increased collagen degradation, which may be influenced by leptin, IGF-1, adiponectin and FGF21 hormone levels. Mouse preosteoblast cell line cultured under low sulfur amino acid growth media attenuated gene expression levels of Col1al, Runx2, Bglap, Alpl and Spp1 suggesting delayed collagen formation and bone differentiation. Collectively, our studies revealed that MR altered bone morphology which could be mediated by delays in osteoblast differentiation. MR affected the growth rates of males and young females, but not aged females. CF and MR mice had similar intrinsic strength properties. Low methionine media attenuated bone differentiation genes in MC3T3-E1 preosteoblast cells. The lower bone mass in MR mice is appropriate for its smaller body size.
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Key Words
- Aged mice
- BMC, bone mineral content
- BS, bone surface
- BV, bone volume
- CF, control-fed
- CTX-1, C-terminal telopeptide of type 1 collagen
- Conn.Dn., connectivity density
- FGF21, fibroblast growth factor-21
- HFD, high-fat diet
- HHCy, hyperhomocysteinemia
- IDI, indentation depth increase
- IGF-1, insulin-like growth factor-1
- Imax, maximal MOI
- Imin, minimal MOI
- LPD, low protein diet
- MC3T3-E1 subclone 4
- MOI, moment of inertia
- MR, methionine restriction
- Methionine restriction
- Micro-computed tomography
- Nanoindentation
- OC, osteocalcin
- OPG, osteoprotegerin
- P1NP, N-terminal propeptide of type 1 procollagen
- RANKL, receptor activator for nuclear factor κB ligand
- SMI, structure model index
- TV, total volume
- Tb.N, trabecular number
- Tb.Sp, trabecular separation
- Tb.Th, trabecular thickness
- pMOI, polar MOI
- vBMD, volumetric bone mass density
- μCT, micro-computed tomography
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Affiliation(s)
- Amadou Ouattara
- Orentreich Foundation for the Advancement of Science, Inc, 855 Route 301, Cold Spring, NY 10516, USA
| | - Diana Cooke
- Orentreich Foundation for the Advancement of Science, Inc, 855 Route 301, Cold Spring, NY 10516, USA
| | - Raj Gopalakrishnan
- School of Dentistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Tsang-hai Huang
- Institute of Physical Education, Health and Leisure Studies, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan City, Taiwan
| | - Gene P. Ables
- Orentreich Foundation for the Advancement of Science, Inc, 855 Route 301, Cold Spring, NY 10516, USA
- Corresponding author at: Orentreich Foundation for the Advancement of Science, Inc., 855 Route 301, Cold Spring, NY 10516, USA.Orentreich Foundation for the Advancement of Science, Inc.855 Route 301Cold SpringNY10516USA
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Petersen RA, Damsgaard CT, Dalskov SM, Sørensen LB, Hjorth MF, Andersen R, Tetens I, Krarup H, Ritz C, Astrup A, Michaelsen KF, Mølgaard C. Effects of school meals with weekly fish servings on vitamin D status in Danish children: secondary outcomes from the OPUS (Optimal well-being, development and health for Danish children through a healthy New Nordic Diet) School Meal Study. J Nutr Sci 2015; 4:e26. [PMID: 26495118 DOI: 10.1017/jns.2015.15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2014] [Revised: 09/30/2014] [Accepted: 06/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Children's vitamin D intake and status can be optimised to meet recommendations. We investigated if nutritionally balanced school meals with weekly fish servings affected serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) and markers related to bone in 8- to 11-year-old Danish children. We conducted an explorative secondary outcome analysis on data from 784 children from the OPUS School Meal Study, a cluster-randomised cross-over trial where children received school meals for 3 months and habitual lunch for 3 months. At baseline, and at the end of each dietary period, 25(OH)D, parathyroid hormone (PTH), osteocalcin (OC), insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), bone mineral content (BMC), bone area (BA), bone mineral density (BMD), dietary intake and physical activity were assessed. School meals increased vitamin D intake by 0·9 (95 % CI 0·7, 1·1) μg/d. No consistent effects were found on 25(OH)D, BMC, BA, BMD, IGF-1 or OC. However, season-modified effects were observed with 25(OH)D, i.e. children completing the school meal period in January/February had higher 25(OH)D status (5·5 (95 % CI 1·8, 9·2) nmol/l; P = 0·004) than children completing the control period in these months. A similar tendency was indicated in November/December (4·1 (95 % CI –0·12, 8·3) nmol/l; P = 0·057). However, the effect was opposite in March/April (–4·0 (95 % CI –7·0, –0·9) nmol/l; P = 0·010), and no difference was found in May/June (P = 0·214). Unexpectedly, the school meals slightly increased PTH (0·18 (95 % CI 0·07, 0·29) pmol/l) compared with habitual lunch. Small increases in dietary vitamin D might hold potential to mitigate the winter nadir in Danish children's 25(OH)D status while higher increases appear necessary to affect status throughout the year. More trials on effects of vitamin D intake from natural foods are needed.
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Key Words
- 25(OH)D, 25-hydroxyvitamin D
- BA, bone area
- BMC, bone mineral content
- BMD, bone mineral density
- Children
- DXA, dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry
- IGF-1, insulin-like growth factor-1
- Nutrition
- OC, osteocalcin
- OPUS, Optimal well-being, development and health for Danish children through a healthy New Nordic Diet
- PTH, parathyroid hormone
- School meals
- Vitamin D
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Knapen MHJ, Braam LAJLM, Teunissen KJ, Zwijsen RML, Theuwissen E, Vermeer C. Yogurt drink fortified with menaquinone-7 improves vitamin K status in a healthy population. J Nutr Sci 2015; 4:e35. [PMID: 26495126 PMCID: PMC4611080 DOI: 10.1017/jns.2015.25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2014] [Revised: 09/01/2015] [Accepted: 09/02/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Population-based studies have shown an inverse association between dietary menaquinones (MK-n, vitamin K2) intake, coronary calcification and CHD risk, suggesting a potential role of vitamin K in vascular health. To date, the effects of increased menaquinone intake on (markers of) vascular health have been investigated using predominantly food supplements. Dairy products contain many essential nutrients and can serve as a good matrix for food fortification in order to support health. We were therefore interested to study the effects of a menaquinone-fortified yogurt drink (menaquinone as menaquinone-7 (MK-7); 28 µg MK-7/yogurt drink) on vitamin K status and markers of vascular health. The yogurt drink was also fortified with n-3 PUFA, vitamin D, vitamin C, Ca and Mg to support vascular and/or general health. Healthy men (n 32) and postmenopausal women (n 28) with a mean age of 56 (sd 5) years received either basic or fortified yogurt drink twice per d for 12 weeks. MK-7 was efficiently absorbed from the fortified yogurt drink. Levels of circulating MK-7 were significantly increased from 0·28 to 1·94 ng/ml. In accordance, intake of the fortified yogurt drink improved vitamin K status, as measured by significant decreases in uncarboxylated osteocalcin and desphospho-uncarboxylated matrix Gla-protein. No effects were, however, seen on markers of inflammation, endothelial dysfunction and lipid metabolism. In summary, consumption of a yogurt drink fortified with low doses of among others MK-7 for 3 months significantly improved vitamin K status in a healthy population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marjo H. J. Knapen
- R&D Group VitaK, Maastricht University, Oxfordlaan 70, 6229 EV Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Kirsten J. Teunissen
- R&D Group VitaK, Maastricht University, Oxfordlaan 70, 6229 EV Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Elke Theuwissen
- R&D Group VitaK, Maastricht University, Oxfordlaan 70, 6229 EV Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Cees Vermeer
- R&D Group VitaK, Maastricht University, Oxfordlaan 70, 6229 EV Maastricht, The Netherlands
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Namba S, Yamaoka-Tojo M, Hashikata T, Ikeda Y, Kitasato L, Hashimoto T, Shimohama T, Tojo T, Takahira N, Masuda T, Ako J. Long-term warfarin therapy and biomarkers for osteoporosis and atherosclerosis. BBA Clin 2015; 4:76-80. [PMID: 26674156 PMCID: PMC4661704 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbacli.2015.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2015] [Revised: 08/01/2015] [Accepted: 08/06/2015] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Background Stroke prevention by warfarin, a vitamin K antagonist, has been an integral part in the management of atrial fibrillation. Vitamin K-dependent matrix Gla protein (MGP) has been known as a potent inhibitor of arterial calcification and osteoporosis. Therefore, we hypothesized that warfarin therapy affects bone mineral metabolism, vascular calcification, and vascular endothelial dysfunction. Methods We studied 42 atrial fibrillation patients at high-risk for atherosclerosis having one or more coronary risk factors. Twenty-four patients had been treated with warfarin for at least 12 months (WF group), and 18 patients without warfarin (non-WF group). Bone alkaline phosphatase (BAP) and under carboxylated osteocalcin (ucOC) and receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa B ligand (RANKL) were measured as bone metabolism markers. Reactive hyperemia-peripheral arterial tonometry (RH-PAT) index measured by Endo-PAT2000 was used as an indicator of vascular endothelial function. Results There were no significant differences in patient background characteristics and other clinical indicators between the two groups. In WF group, the ucOC levels were significantly higher than those in the non-WF group (10.3 ± 0.8 vs. 3.4 ± 0.9 ng/mL; P < 0.01), similarly, the RANKL levels in the WF group were higher than those in the non-WF group (0.60 ± 0.06 vs. 0.37 ± 0.05 ng/mL; P = 0.007). Moreover, RH-PAT index was significantly lower in the WF group compared to those in the non-WF group (1.48 ± 0.11 vs. 1.88 ± 0.12; P = 0.017). Conclusions Long-term warfarin therapy may be associated with bone mineral loss and vascular calcification in 60–80 year old hypertensive patients. Stroke prevention by warfarin has been an integral part in the management of atrial fibrillation. Warfarin prevents the activation of vitamin K-dependent proteins, MGP and Gas-6. Long-term warfarin therapy increases the serum levels of ucOC and RANKL. Long-term warfarin therapy is associated with vascular endothelial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayaka Namba
- Kitasato University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Minako Yamaoka-Tojo
- Kitasato University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Sagamihara, Japan ; Department of Rehabilitation, Kitasato University School of Allied Health Sciences, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Takehiro Hashikata
- Kitasato University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Yuki Ikeda
- Kitasato University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Lisa Kitasato
- Kitasato University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Takuya Hashimoto
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Takao Shimohama
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Taiki Tojo
- Kitasato University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Sagamihara, Japan ; Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Naonobu Takahira
- Kitasato University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Sagamihara, Japan ; Department of Rehabilitation, Kitasato University School of Allied Health Sciences, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Takashi Masuda
- Kitasato University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Sagamihara, Japan ; Department of Rehabilitation, Kitasato University School of Allied Health Sciences, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Junya Ako
- Kitasato University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Sagamihara, Japan ; Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Japan
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