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Dwita LP, Hikmawanti NPE, Yeni, Supandi. Extract, fractions, and ethyl- p-methoxycinnamate isolate from Kaempferia galanga Elicit anti-inflammatory activity by limiting leukotriene B4 (LTB4) production. J Tradit Complement Med 2021; 11:563-569. [PMID: 34765520 PMCID: PMC8572713 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcme.2021.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and aim Kaempferia galanga, also known as aromatic Ginger (kencur) in Indonesia, has been widely explored and shows potential as an anti-inflammatory agent. However, there has been limited research to show a possible mechanism by which aromatic ginger inhibits lipoxygenase (LOX). Therefore, this study aims to determine the anti-inflammatory activity of aromatic ginger by comparing extract, fractions, and ethyl-p-methoxycinnamate (EPMC) isolate, as well as possible LOX inhibition activity, by reducing the production of leukotriene B4 (LTB4). Experimental procedure Two animal models were used, namely, the carrageenan-induced granuloma air pouch model and the pleurisy model. The test substance was administered 1 h before carrageenan induction, which was performed orally for each animal model. The number of leukocytes and the malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, leukotriene B4 (LTB4) levels, and histology were observed. GC-MS and LC-MS were used for analysis of the chemical compounds in the test samples. Results and conclusion The results of GC-MS analysis showed that aromatic ginger rhizome extract and fractions were dominated by ethyl-trans-p-methoxycinnamate, with the highest level found in the extract. K. galanga showed significant anti-inflammatory activity compared to the control (p < 0.01) in both the granuloma air pouch and pleurisy models. The results of examining the LTB4 concentration showed comparable activity between K. galanga extract, fractions and EMPC isolate, these results were not better than those of zileuton. Overall, this study shows that aromatic ginger extract, fractions and EPMC isolate have anti-inflammatory properties and have the potential to inhibit LOX, thereby reducing LTB4 levels. Comparison of extract, fraction and isolate of Kamperia galanga anti-inflammation activity. Anti-inflammatory activity of Kaempferia galanga in pleurisy model. Extract, fraction and isolate of Kamperia galanga as LOX inhibitor.
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Key Words
- AA, arachidonic acid
- ARDS, acute respiratory distress syndrome
- Anti-inflammation
- COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
- COX, cyclooxygenase
- E, ethanol extract
- EAF, ethyl acetate fraction
- EPMC, ethyl-p-methoxycinnamate
- FLAP, 5-lipoxygenase-activating protein
- Granuloma-air pouch
- HF, n-hexane fraction
- IBD, inflammatory bowel disease
- IL, interleukin
- LOX, lipoxygenase
- LTA4H, LTA4 hydrolase
- LTB4, leukotriene B4
- Lipoxygenase
- MDA, malondialdehyde
- PG, prostaglandin
- Pleurisy
- TBA, thiobarbituric acid
- TEP, tetraethoxypropane
- TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor-α
- WF, water fraction
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Affiliation(s)
- Lusi Putri Dwita
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Science, Universitas Muhammadiyah Prof. DR. HAMKA, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Ni Putu Ermi Hikmawanti
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Science, Universitas Muhammadiyah Prof. DR. HAMKA, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Yeni
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Science, Universitas Muhammadiyah Prof. DR. HAMKA, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Supandi
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Science, Universitas Muhammadiyah Prof. DR. HAMKA, Jakarta, Indonesia
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Sekiou O, Boumendjel M, Taibi F, Tichati L, Boumendjel A, Messarah M. Nephroprotective effect of Artemisia herba alba aqueous extract in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. J Tradit Complement Med 2021; 11:53-61. [PMID: 33511062 PMCID: PMC7817709 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcme.2020.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Revised: 01/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM In the present study, we investigate the phytochemical composition and the nephroprotective effects as well as the antioxidant properties of Artemisia herba alba aqueous extract in alloxan-induced experimental diabetes in rats. EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE Wistar rats were divided into four groups of seven rats each: Group I: Normal control (NC) received saline solution at 9‰ given by intraperitoneal way; Group II: Diabetic control (DC) received alloxan (150 mg/kg b.w) intraperitoneally; Group III: Normal control (NC + AHA) received saline solution at 9‰ and treated orally by AHA aqueous extract (400 mg/kg/b.w); Group IV: Diabetic control (DC + AHA) received alloxan solution (150 mg/kg b.w) intraperitoneally and treated by aqueous extract of AHA (400 mg/kg/b.w/day) orally after one week of alloxan administration. After 30 days, blood and tissue samples were collected for biochemical and histopathological analysis, respectively. Glomerular damage markers, including creatinine, serum urea, urine creatinine and urine urea levels were estimated. Creatinine clearance was also assessed. Oxidative stress parameters were assessed in the kidney homogenate. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION Alloxan-exposure resulted in significant increase in blood glucose and serum level of glomerular damage markers. The antioxidant enzyme activities were significantly downregulated associated with an increase in malondialdehyde (MDA) level over the baseline values. Artemisia herba alba aqueous extract supplementation significantly improved the studied parameters. In concluding, the results obtained suggests that Artemisia herbs-alba aqueous extract supplementation reduces alloxan-induced free radical generation, potentiates the antioxidant defense system and alleviates renal sensitivity to oxidative stress.
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Key Words
- AHA, Artemisia herba-alba
- AlCl3, Aluminum trichloride
- Artemisia herba alba
- CAT, catalase
- DC, Diabetic control
- DPPH, 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl
- DTNB, 5,5-dithiobis (2-nitrobenzoic acid)
- Diabetes
- Free radicals
- GPx, glutathione peroxidase
- GSH, reduced glutathione
- GST, glutathione-S-transferase
- H2O2, hydrogen peroxide
- MDA, malondialdehyde
- NBT, Nitro-blue tetrazolium
- Nephroprotection
- Oxidative stress
- RFC, Folin-Ciocalteu
- ROS, reactive oxygen species
- SOD, superoxide dismutase
- STZ, streptozotocin
- TBA, thiobarbituric acid
- TCA, trichloroacetic acid
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar Sekiou
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Environmental Toxicology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Badji Mokhtar, BP 12 Sidi Amar, Annaba, Algeria
| | - Mahieddine Boumendjel
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Environmental Toxicology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Badji Mokhtar, BP 12 Sidi Amar, Annaba, Algeria
| | - Faiza Taibi
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Environmental Toxicology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Badji Mokhtar, BP 12 Sidi Amar, Annaba, Algeria
| | - Lazhari Tichati
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Environmental Toxicology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Badji Mokhtar, BP 12 Sidi Amar, Annaba, Algeria
| | - Amel Boumendjel
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Environmental Toxicology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Badji Mokhtar, BP 12 Sidi Amar, Annaba, Algeria
| | - Mahfoud Messarah
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Environmental Toxicology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Badji Mokhtar, BP 12 Sidi Amar, Annaba, Algeria
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Kerasioti E, Veskoukis AS, Skaperda Z, Zacharias A, Poulas K, Lazopoulos G, Kouretas D. The flavoring and not the nicotine content is a decisive factor for the effects of refill liquids of electronic cigarette on the redox status of endothelial cells. Toxicol Rep 2020; 7:1095-102. [PMID: 32953462 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2020.08.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The pattern of the effect on Ea.hy926 redox status differs among flavored e-liquids. Tobacco flavored e-liquids increase ROS generation with concomitant increase in TBARS. Vanilla flavored e-liquids profile depends on the nicotine content. Apple/mint flavored e-liquids activate the cellular antioxidant defense. Flavorings and not the nicotine content play a key role in free radical generation.
Electronic cigarettes are constantly gaining ground as they are considered less harmful than conventional cigarettes, and there is also the perception that they may serve as a potential smoking cessation tool. Although the acute effects of electronic cigarette use have been extensively studied, the long-term potential adverse effects on human health remain largely unknown. It has been well-established that oxidative stress is involved in the development of various pathological conditions. So far, most studies on e-cigarettes concern the effects on the respiratory system while fewer have focused on the vascular system. In the present study, we attempted to reveal the effects of electronic cigarette refill liquids on the redox state of human endothelial cells (EA.hy926 cell line). For this purpose, the cytotoxic effect of three e-liquids with different flavors (tobacco, vanilla, apple/mint) and nicotine concentrations (0, 6, 12, 18 mg/ml) were initially examined for their impact on cell viability of EA.hy926 cells. Then, five redox biomarkers [reduced form of glutathione (GSH), reactive oxygen species (ROS), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and protein carbonyls (CARBS)] were measured. The results showed a disturbance in the redox balance in favor of free radicals in tobacco flavored e-liquids while vanilla flavored e-liquids exhibited a more complex profile depending on the nicotine content. The most interesting finding of the present study concerns the apple/mint flavored e-liquids that seemed to activate the cellular antioxidant defense and, thus, to protect the cells from the adverse effects of free radicals. Conclusively, it appears that the flavorings and not the nicotine content play a key role in the oxidative stress-induced toxicity of the e-liquids.
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Key Words
- 8-OH-dG, 8-hydroxy-deoxyguanosine
- CARBS, protein carbonyls
- CO, carbon monoxide
- DCF-DA, 2′,7′-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate
- DMEM, Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium
- DNPH, 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine
- DPPH, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl
- DPPHH, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazine
- E-cigarettes
- E-liquids
- ENDS, electronic nicotine delivery systems
- EPR, electronic paramagnetic resonance
- Endothelial cells
- FSC, forward light scattering
- GSH
- GSH, reduced form of glutathione
- HCL, hydrochloric acid
- HCN, hydrogen cyanide
- MDA, malondialdehyde
- Oxidative stress
- PBS, phosphate buffered saline
- PG, propylene glycol
- ROS
- ROS, reactive oxygen species
- SSC, side light scattering
- TAC, total antioxidant capacity
- TBA, thiobarbituric acid
- TBARS, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances
- TCA, trichloroacetic acid
- Tris-HCl, trishydroxymethylaminomethane hydrochloride
- VG, vegetable glycerin
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Akinsanya B, Ayanda IO, Fadipe AO, Onwuka B, Saliu JK. Heavy metals, parasitologic and oxidative stress biomarker investigations in Heterotis niloticus from Lekki Lagoon, Lagos, Nigeria. Toxicol Rep 2020; 7:1075-1082. [PMID: 32923373 PMCID: PMC7476227 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2020.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Revised: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Occurrence of parasites in fish could bio accumulate heavy metals by as much as 200 % more than values present in fish tissues. Parasitic infection in fish is positively skewed towards male fish. Parasitism in fish alters histological structures of vital fish organs. Combined effects of parasitism and heavy metal pollution in fish elicits antioxidant response in fish.
Heavy metal toxicity in aquatic life as a result of human activities poses a grave health threat to water quality, aquatic and human life. Parasites may serve as indicators of heavy metal pollution. This research investigated the health status of the fish Heterotis niloticus viz-a-viz quality of the water and sediments in Lekki lagoon, parasitic infection, presence of heavy metals and oxidative stress response in the liver and intestine of the fish. Parasites recovered were also analyzed for the extent of bioaccumulation of heavy metals. The metals in water, sediments, parasites, and fish were analyzed using Atomic Absorption Spectrometry. Heavy metal concentrations in the surface water were generally below regulatory limits of World Health Organization. Sediment had high levels of aluminium (124.78 mg/kg) and iron (327.41 mg/kg); other heavy metals were below regulatory limits. Tenuisentis niloticus, an acanthocephalan, was the only parasite recovered. Seventy (70) out of 100 fish sampled were infected with the parasite. T. niloticus bioaccumulated Cd, Ni, and Pb between 65 to 100 times more than the liver and 12 to 200 times more than the intestine. Other metals bioaccumulated from the host tissues by the parasite had the magnitude between 1 to 12 times as the liver and 1 to 30 times as the intestine. There were significant differences in the activities of antioxidant enzymes between the parasitized and non-parasitized fishes. Fish tissues also showed histological alterations, ranging from mild infiltration of inflammatory cells to moderate inflammation and haemorrhagic lesions. Human activities that introduce stressors into the lagoon should be controlled.
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Key Words
- APHA, American public health association
- Aquatic
- CAT, catalase
- COD, chemical oxygen demand
- FAO, food and agricultural organization
- GSH, reduced glutathione
- H&E, haematoxyline and eosin
- Heterotis niloticus
- Histopathology
- MDA, malondialdehyde
- Oxidative stress
- ROS, reactive oxygen species
- SOD, superoxide dismutase
- TBA, thiobarbituric acid
- TBARS, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances
- TCA, trichloroacetic acid
- Tenuisentis niloticus
- WHO, world health organization
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Isaac O Ayanda
- Department of Biological Sciences, Covenant University, Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria
| | - Adeola O Fadipe
- Department of Zoology, University of Lagos, Lagos State, Nigeria
| | - Benson Onwuka
- Department of Zoology, University of Lagos, Lagos State, Nigeria
| | - Joseph K Saliu
- Department of Zoology, University of Lagos, Lagos State, Nigeria
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Singh H, Kumar D, Soni V. Copper and mercury induced oxidative stresses and antioxidant responses of Spirodela polyrhiza (L.) Schleid. Biochem Biophys Rep 2020; 23:100781. [PMID: 32715102 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2020.100781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Duckweed is recognized as a phytoremediation aquatic plant due to the production of large biomass and a high level of tolerance in stressed conditions. A laboratory experiment was conducted to investigate antioxidant response and mechanism of copper and mercury tolerance of S. polyrhiza (L.) Schleid. To understand the changes in chlorophyll content, MDA, proline, and activities of ROS-scavenging enzymes (SOD, CAT, GPOD) during the accumulation of Cu+2 and Hg+2, S. polyrhiza were exposed to various concentrations of Cu+2 (0.0–40 μM) and Hg+2 (0.0–0.4 μM). antioxidant activity initially indicated enhancing trend with application of 10 μM Cu+2; 0.2 μM Hg+2 (SOD), of 20 μM Cu+2; 0.2 μM Hg+2 (CAT) and of 10 μM Cu+2;0.2 μM Hg+2 (GPOD) and then decreased consistently up to 40 μM Cu+2 and 0.4 μM Hg+2. In the experiment chlorophyll and frond multiplication initially showed increasing tendency and decreased gradually with the application of increased metal concentration. Application of heavy metal has constantly enhanced proline and MDA content while the maximum increase was observed with the application of 40 μM Cu; 0.4 μM Hg for proline and MDA respectively. The upregulation of antioxidant enzymes and proline reveals that S. polyrhiza has strong biochemical strategies to deal with the heavy metal toxicity induced by the accumulation of Cu+2 and Hg+2. Biochemical responses of copper and mercury in Spirodela polyrhizawere investigated. The threshold tolerance level for Cu and Hg was found < 20 μM and < 0.2 μM respectively. The results reveal that S. polyrhiza is biochemically well adapted to cope with HM toxicity induced by Cu and Hg.
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Key Words
- CAT, catalase
- Chl, chlorophyll
- Chlorophylls
- Duckweed
- GPOD, Guaiacol peroxidase
- HMs, heavy metal
- Heavy metals
- MDA, malondialdehyde
- Malondialdehyde
- NBT, nitro-blue tetrazolium
- PUFA, polyunsaturated fatty acids
- Proline
- RFN, relative frond number
- ROS, reactive oxygen species
- Reactive oxygen species
- SOD, superoxide peroxide
- TBA, thiobarbituric acid
- TCA, trichloroacetic acid
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Akang EN, Dosumu OO, Afolayan OO, Fagoroye AM, Osiagwu DD, Usman IT, Oremosu AA, Akanmu AS. Combination antiretroviral therapy (cART)-induced hippocampal disorders: Highlights on therapeutic potential of Naringenin and Quercetin. IBRO Rep 2019; 6:137-146. [PMID: 31061913 PMCID: PMC6488719 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibror.2019.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2018] [Accepted: 04/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Naringenin and Quercetin decrease ROS and potentiate enzymatic antioxidant production in the hippocampus. cART induced marked cytoplasmic shrinkage and several pyknotic nuclei in the dentate gyrus and cornus ammonis region. Naringenin and Quercetin attenuates cART-induced upregulation of monoamine oxidase-B expression in neurons. Naringenin and Quercetin also ameliorates cART-induced spatial memory impairments. Naringenin and Quercetin acted as effective antioxidants in vivo against cART-induced neurotoxicity.
Introduction In spite of the multiple benefits of combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) on HIV positive patients, prolonged usage has been reported to exacerbate oxidative stress, and induce neurological and cognitive dysfunction, thus, the need to search for an adjuvant therapy to ameliorate the oxidative and improve treatment adherence with better virological outcome. This study aimed at determining the potential therapeutic effects of Quercetin and Naringenin on cART-induced cyto-architectural, neuro-behavioral and immunohistochemical changes in the hippocampus of the adult Wister rats. Materials and Methods The animals were grouped as follows: Control, DMSO, 24 mg/kg cART (Tenovovir 300 mg, Lamivudine 300 mg and Efavirenz 600 mg), 50 mg/kg Naringenin, 50 mg/kg Quercetin, cART + Naringenin, cART + Quercetin were administered orally for 8 weeks. At the end of administration, neurobehavioural test was conducted, animals were euthanized and hippocampus was processed for oxidative stress markers, histology, TNF-α, and Monoamine oxidase-B expression. Results At the end of 8 weeks of administration, 24 mg/kg cART decreased superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), reduced glutathione (GSH) and increased Malondialdehyde (MDA). Whereas, 50 mg/kg quercetin, and 50 mg/kg Naringenin decreased the oxidative stress (increased SOD, CAT, GSH, and reduced MDA) induced by cART (reduced SOD, CAT, GSH, and increased MDA). In addition, hematoxylin and eosin stained hippocampus showed that quercetin and naringenin prevented neurodegenerative changes (marked cytoplasmic shrinkage and several pyknotic nuclei in the dentate gyrus and cornus ammonis regions) in cART-treated rats. Furthermore, immunohistochemical studies revealed that quercetin and naringenin attenuates cART-induced upregulation of monoamine oxidase-B (MAO-B) expression. Likewise, from the Morris water maze neurobehavioral studies, naringenin and quercetin also ameliorated cART-induced memory impairments (initial spatial memory, reversal spatial memory and probe tests). Conclusion This study shows that Naringenin and Quercetin have a good potential in reversing cART-induced hippocampal disorders in Wistar rats.
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Key Words
- CA/Q, 24 mg/kg combination antiretroviral therapy + 50 mg Quercetin
- CAT, catalase
- DMSO, dimethyl sulfoxide
- DTA, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid
- ELISA, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
- GSH, reduced glutathione
- HCL, hydrochloric acidE
- Hippocampus
- MAO-B, monoamine oxidase B
- MDA, malondialdehyde
- Nar, naringenin
- Naringenin
- Neurodegeneration
- Oxidative stress
- Quer, quercetin
- Quercetin
- ROS, reactive oxygen species
- SOD, superoxide dismutase
- TBA, thiobarbituric acid
- TNFα, tumor necrosis factor alpha
- cA/N, 24 mg/kg combination antiretroviral therapy + 50 mg Naringenin
- cART
- cART, combination antiretroviral therapy
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Affiliation(s)
- Edidiong N. Akang
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Idi-Araba, Lagos, Nigeria
- Corresponding author.
| | - Olufunke O. Dosumu
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Idi-Araba, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Olasunmbo O. Afolayan
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Idi-Araba, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Adeola M. Fagoroye
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Idi-Araba, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Daniel D. Osiagwu
- Department of Anatomic and Molecular Pathology, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Idi-Araba, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Isilamiyat T. Usman
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Idi-Araba, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Ademola A. Oremosu
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Idi-Araba, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Alani S. Akanmu
- Department of Haematology and Blood Transfusion, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Idi-Araba, Lagos, Nigeria
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Jaiswal SK, Gupta VK, Ansari MD, Siddiqi NJ, Sharma B. Vitamin C acts as a hepatoprotectant in carbofuran treated rat liver slices in vitro. Toxicol Rep 2017; 4:265-273. [PMID: 28959648 PMCID: PMC5615148 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2017.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2017] [Revised: 06/05/2017] [Accepted: 06/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The observations of liver slices when treated with different concentrations of carbofuran were as follows:- increased LPO decreased SOD, CAT, & protein content in all the treatments
The observations of liver slices when treated with different concentrations of carbofuran along with vitamin C were as follows:- the levels of LPO, SOD, CAT & total protein content reinstated towards normal level only in liver slices treated with low concentration at higher concentration of carbofuran treatment Vitamin C does not ameliorate the hepatic toxicity induced by carbofuran
The in vitro liver slice culture may prove to be a useful model for hepatotoxicological studies and Vitamin C, as a hepatoprotectant in mammalian system. Carbamates, most commonly used pesticides in agricultural practices, have been reported to produce free radicals causing deleterious effects in animals. The present study was designed to assess the carbofuran induced oxidative stress in rat liver slices in vitro and also to evaluate protective role of vitamin C by incubating them in Krebs-Ringer HEPES Buffer (KRHB) containing incubation media (Williams medium E (WME) supplemented with glucose and antibiotics) with different concentrations of carbofuran. The results demonstrated that carbofuran caused significant increase in lipid peroxidation and inhibition in the activity of hepatic superoxide dismutase (SOD) in concentration dependent manner. The data with incubation medium reflected that carbofuran at lowest concentration caused an increase in SOD activity followed by its inhibition at higher concentration. Carbofuran treatment caused inhibition in the activity of catalase in liver slices and WME incubation medium. Pre-incubation of liver slices and the WME media with vitamin C restored the values of biochemical indices tested. The results indicated that carbofuran might induce oxidative stress in hepatocytes. The pretreatment with vitamin C may offer hepatoprotection from toxicity of pesticide at low concentration only.
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Key Words
- Antioxidant
- BSA, Bovine serum albumin
- CaCl2, calcium chloride
- Carbofuran
- CuSO4, copper sulphate
- DMSO, Dimethylsulfoxide
- EDTA, Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid
- Hepatotoxicity
- In vitro
- KCl, potassium chloride
- KRHB, Krebs-Ringer HEPES Buffer
- MgSO4, magnesium sulfate
- NADH, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide
- NaCl, sodium chloride
- NaOH, sodium hydroxide and MDA Malonaldialdehyde
- Oxidative stress
- RNS, reactive nitrogen species
- ROS, reactive oxygen species
- SOD, superoxide dismutase
- TBA, thiobarbituric acid
- TCA, trichloroacetic acid
- WME, Williams medium E
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vivek Kumar Gupta
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Allahabad, 211002, UP, India
| | - Md Dilshad Ansari
- Department of Biochemistry, VBS Poorvanchal University, Jaunpur, 211002, UP, India
| | - Nikhat J Siddiqi
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bechan Sharma
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Allahabad, 211002, UP, India
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Sangodele JO, Olaleye MT, Monsees TK, Akinmoladun AC. The para isomer of dinitrobenzene disrupts redox homeostasis in liver and kidney of male wistar rats. Biochem Biophys Rep 2017; 10:297-302. [PMID: 28955757 PMCID: PMC5614678 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2017.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2016] [Revised: 03/24/2017] [Accepted: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Para-Dinitrobenzene (p-DNB) is one of the isomers of dinitrobenzene which have been detected as environmental toxicants. Skin irritation and organ toxicities are likely for industrial workers exposed to p-DNB. This study evaluated the effect of sub-chronic exposure of rats to p-DNB on cellular redox balance, hepatic and renal integrity. Methods Forty eight male Wistar rats weighing 160–180 g were administered 50, 75, 1000 and 2000 mg/kg b.wt (body weight) of p-DNB or an equivalent volume of vehicle (control) orally and topically for 14 days. After the period of treatment, the activities of kidney and liver catalase (CAT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) as well as extent of renal and hepatic lipid peroxidation (LPO) were determined. Serum ALP activity and plasma urea concentration were also evaluated. Results Compared with control animals, p-DNB -administered rats showed decrease in the body and relative kidney and liver weights as well as increased renal and hepatic hydrogen peroxide and lipid peroxidation levels accompanied by decreased superoxide dismutase and catalase activities. However, p-DNB caused a significant increase in plasma urea concentration and serum, liver and kidney ALP activities relative to control. In addition, p-DNB caused periportal infiltration, severe macro vesicular steatosis and hepatic necrosis in the liver. Conclusions Our findings show that sub-chronic oral and sub-dermal administration of p-DNB may produce hepato-nephrotoxicity through oxidative stress. Activities of kidney and liver catalase and superoxide dismutase were decreased by p-DNB. p-DNB increased serum, liver and kidney activity of alkaline phosphatase. Plasma urea concentration was increased by p-DNB. Lipid peroxidation and H2O2 level were increased by p-DNB. p-DNB caused histopathological changes in liver and kidney tissues.
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Key Words
- ALP, alanine phosphatase
- CAT, Catalase
- Environmental toxicants
- GSH, glutathione
- GST, glutathione –s –transferase, GPX, glutathione reductase, NIH, national institute of health
- H&E, hamatoxilin eosin
- Kidney
- LPO, lipid peroxidation
- Liver
- MDA, malodialdehyde
- OECD, Organisation for economic co-operation and Development
- Oxidative stress
- PHS, public health service
- SOD, Superoxide dismutase
- SPSS, Statistical Pucteage for Social Sciences
- Sub-dermal
- TBA, thiobarbituric acid
- TNB, trinitrobenzene
- o-DNB, ortho-dinitrobenzene, m-DNB, meta-dinitrobenzene
- p-DNB, para-dinitrobenzene
- p‐DNB
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Affiliation(s)
- Janet Olayemi Sangodele
- Phytomedicine, Biochemical Pharmacology and Toxicology Laboratories, Department of Biochemistry, School of Sciences, PMB 704, The Federal University of Technology, Zip code: 340001, Akure, Nigeria.,Department of Medical Biosciences, 4th floor, Life Science Building, Faculty of Natural Science, University of the Western Cape, Bellville, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Mary Tolulope Olaleye
- Phytomedicine, Biochemical Pharmacology and Toxicology Laboratories, Department of Biochemistry, School of Sciences, PMB 704, The Federal University of Technology, Zip code: 340001, Akure, Nigeria
| | - Thomas K Monsees
- Department of Medical Biosciences, 4th floor, Life Science Building, Faculty of Natural Science, University of the Western Cape, Bellville, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Afolabi Clement Akinmoladun
- Phytomedicine, Biochemical Pharmacology and Toxicology Laboratories, Department of Biochemistry, School of Sciences, PMB 704, The Federal University of Technology, Zip code: 340001, Akure, Nigeria
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Tauheed AM, Shittu SH, Suleiman MM, Habibu B, Kawu MU, Kobo PI, Yusuf PO. In vivo ameliorative effects of methanol leaf extract of Lawsonia inermis Linn on experimental Trypanosoma congolense infection in Wistar rats. Int J Vet Sci Med 2016; 4:33-40. [PMID: 30255037 PMCID: PMC6149255 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijvsm.2016.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2016] [Revised: 10/19/2016] [Accepted: 10/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the ameliorative effect of Lawsonia inermis Linn used traditionally against trypanosomosis. Twenty-five adult Wistar rats of both sex were individually infected intraperitoneally (IP) with 106Trypanosoma congolense per ml of blood. Following establishment of infection, the rats were randomly divided into five groups of 5 rats each. Rats in groups I, II, and III were treated with 125, 250 and 500 mg/kg of the extract, respectively, while rats in groups IV and V were treated with 3.5 mg/kg and 2 ml/kg of diminazene aceturate (DM) once and physiological buffered saline, respectively. All treatments except DM were given orally for 7 days IP. The antitrypanosomal effect of the plant was assessed by observing the level of parasitaemia daily, packed cell volume (PCV) weekly, erythrocyte osmotic fragility (EOF) and malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration on day 21. Phytochemical screening of the extract revealed the presence of alkaloids, carbohydrates, triterpenes, steroids, cardiac glycosides, saponins, tannins and flavonoids. The extract significantly (P < 0.05) reduced levels of parasitaemia at 250 mg/kg. PCV was higher (P > 0.05) in extract treated groups but significantly higher (P < 0.05) in group II at week 2 when compared to group V. Rats in group II had significantly lower values of EOF and MDA when compared with groups IV and V. Thus, the leaf of L. inermis has in addition to an antitrypanosomal effect against T. congolense in rats, an attenuating effect on the trypanosomosis pathology probably mediated via protection of the erythrocyte membrane against trypanosome-induced oxidative damage to the erythrocytes.
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Key Words
- ANOVA, analysis of variance
- Antioxidant
- Antitrypanosomal
- EOF, erythrocyte osmotic fragility
- Erythrocyte osmotic fragility
- IP, intraperitoneal
- L, lawsonia
- MDA, malondialdehyde
- Malondialdehyde
- PCV, packed cell volume
- PSS, physiological buffered saline
- Phytochemistry
- SEM, standard error of mean
- T, trypanosoma
- TBA, thiobarbituric acid
- TCA, trichloroacetic acid
- US, United States
- kDNA, kinetoplast deoxyribonucleic acid
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Salisu Hashim Shittu
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
| | - Mohammed Musa Suleiman
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
| | - Buhari Habibu
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
| | - Mohammed Umar Kawu
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
| | - Patricia Ishaku Kobo
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
| | - Peter Ofemile Yusuf
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
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Moukette Moukette B, Constant Anatole P, Nya Biapa CP, Njimou JR, Ngogang JY. Free radicals quenching potential, protective properties against oxidative mediated ion toxicity and HPLC phenolic profile of a Cameroonian spice: Piper guineensis. Toxicol Rep 2015; 2:792-805. [PMID: 28962415 PMCID: PMC5598232 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2015.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2015] [Revised: 02/09/2015] [Accepted: 02/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Considerations on antioxidants derived from plants have continuously increased during this decade because of their beneficial effects on human health. In the present study we investigated the free radical scavenging properties of extracts from Piper guineense (P. guineense) and their inhibitory potentials against oxidative mediated ion toxicity. The free radical quenching properties of the extracts against [1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH•), 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS•), hydroxyl radical (HO•), nitric oxide (NO•)] radical and their antioxidant potentials by FRAP and phosphomolybdenum were determined as well as their protective properties on liver enzymes. The phenolic profile was also investigated by HPLC. The results obtained, revealed that the extracts significantly inhibited the DPPH, NO, HO and ABTS radicals in a concentration depending manner. They also showed a significant ferrous ion chelating ability through FRAP and phosphomolybdenum antioxidant potential. Their polyphenol contents varied depending on the type of extracts and the solvent used. The hydroethanolic extracts (FFH) and the ethanolic extracts (FFE) of P. guineense leaves showed the higher level of phenolic compounds respectively of 21.62 ± 0.06 mg caffeic acid/g dried extract (CAE/g DE) and 19.01 ± 0.03 CAE/g DE. The HPLC phenolic compounds profile revealed a higher quantity of Eugenol, quercetin, rutin and catechin in the stem than in the leaves. The presence of these molecules could be responsible of the protective potentials of P. guineense extracts against lipid peroxidation and SOD, catalase and peroxidase. In conclusion, P. guineense extracts demonstrated significant antioxidant property and may be used as a prospective protector against metal related toxicity.
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Key Words
- 1,1-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazine (PubChem CID: 74358)
- 2,2′-Azino-bis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid (PubChem CID: 77519615)
- ABTS, 2,2-azinobis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline)-6-sulphonic acid
- Antioxidant
- Apigenin (PubChem CID: 5280443)
- Ascorbic acid (PubChem CID: 54670067)
- BHT, butylated hydroxytoluene
- Caffeic acid (PubChem CID: 689043)
- DPPH, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical
- Eugenol
- Eugenol (PubChem CID: 3314)
- FRAP, ferric reducing ability of plasma
- FRAP, ferric reducing antioxidant power
- H2O2, hydrogen peroxide
- HPLC
- Ion toxicity
- Lipid peroxidation
- MDA, malonaldialdehyde
- MDA, malondialdehyde
- O-coumaric acid
- P-coumaric acid (PubChem CID: 637542)
- P. guineense
- Quercetin (PubChem CID: 5280343)
- RNS, reactive nitrogen species
- ROS, reactive oxygen species
- Rutin (PubChem CID: 5280805)
- Syringic acid (PubChem CID: 10742)
- TBA, thiobarbituric acid
- Theobromine (PubChem CID: 5429)
- Tyrosol (PubChem CID: 10393)
- Vit C, vitamine C
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Moukette Moukette
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaoundé I, P.O. Box 1364, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Pieme Constant Anatole
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaoundé I, P.O. Box 1364, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Cabral Prosper Nya Biapa
- Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biochemistry, Food Science and Nutrition, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, P.O. Box 67, Dschang, Cameroon
| | - Jacques Romain Njimou
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé I, P.O. Box 812, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Jeanne Yonkeu Ngogang
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaoundé I, P.O. Box 1364, Yaoundé, Cameroon
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11
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Sozen E, Karademir B, Yazgan B, Bozaykut P, Ozer NK. Potential role of proteasome on c-jun related signaling in hypercholesterolemia induced atherosclerosis. Redox Biol 2014; 2:732-8. [PMID: 25009774 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2014.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2013] [Revised: 02/21/2014] [Accepted: 02/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis and its complications are major causes of death all over the world. One of the major risks of atherosclerosis is hypercholesterolemia. During atherosclerosis, oxidized low density lipoprotein (oxLDL) regulates CD36-mediated activation of c-jun amino terminal kinase-1 (JNK1) and modulates matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) induction which stimulates inflammation with an invasion of monocytes. Additionally, inhibition of proteasome leads to an accumulation of c-jun and phosphorylated c-jun and activation of activator protein-1 (AP-1) related increase of MMP expression. We have previously reported a significant increase in cluster of differentiation 36 (CD36) mRNA levels in hypercholesterolemic rabbits and shown that vitamin E treatment prevented the cholesterol induced increase in CD36 mRNA expression. In the present study, our aim is to identify the signaling molecules/transcription factors involved in the progression of atherosclerosis following CD36 activation in an in vivo model of hypercholesterolemic (induced by 2% cholesterol containing diet) rabbits. In this direction, proteasomal activities by fluorometry and c-jun, phospo c-jun, JNK1, MMP-9 expressions by quantitative RT-PCR and immunoblotting were tested in aortic tissues. The effects of vitamin E on these changes were also investigated in this model. As a result, c-jun was phosphorylated following decreased proteasomal degradation in hypercholesterolemic group. MMP-9 expression was also increased in cholesterol group rabbits contributing to the development of atherosclerosis. In addition, vitamin E showed its effect by decreasing MMP-9 levels and phosphorylation of c-jun.
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Key Words
- AP-1
- AP-1, activator protein-1
- Atherosclerosis
- CD36, cluster of differentiation 36
- ERAD, endoplasmic-reticulum-associated protein degradation
- GAPDH, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase
- HPLC, high-performance liquid chromatography
- Hypercholesterolemia
- JNK, c-Jun amino terminal kinase
- JNK1
- LDL, low density lipoprotein
- MAPK, mitogen-activated protein kinase
- MDA, malondialdehyde
- MMP, matrix metallo proteinase
- Proteasome
- TBA, thiobarbituric acid
- TNF a, tumor necrosis factor a
- UPS, ubiquitin-proteasome system
- Vitamin E
- oxLDL, oxidized low density lipoprotein
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