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Ogbuewu IP, Mbajiorgu CA. Meta-analysis of Saccharomyces cerevisiae on enhancement of growth performance, rumen fermentation and haemato-biochemical characteristics of growing goats. Heliyon 2023; 9:e14178. [PMID: 36923902 PMCID: PMC10009197 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e14178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2022] [Revised: 02/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (SC) feed additives to improve animal performance are on the increase; however, the results of the action of SC supplementation on goats performance indices are conflicting. Thus, the thrust of this meta-analysis was to examine the influence of dietary SC intervention on the growth performance, haemato-biochemical indices and ruminal fermentation characteristics of growing goats fed total mixed ration (TMR). The search conducted in Google Scholar, PubMed and Scopus databases using several keywords yielded 500 studies of which 16 full-text articles were utilised for study. Response variables were aggregated via a random-effects model. The results showed that goats fed SC experienced higher average daily gain (ADG) than the controls (as standardized mean difference, SMD = 2.14; 95% confidence interval, CI: 1.40 to 2.89). In converse, dietary SC intervention had a small impact on dry matter intake (DMI) and feed conversion ratio (FCR). Subgroup analysis demonstrated that SC type (active vs inactive) improved FCR and ADG in growing goats. Results suggested that SC preparation increased blood glucose, white blood cell (WBC), ruminal propionate and total volatile fatty acid levels. There is heterogeneity among the articles used in the study, and aspects of studied covariates explained the variation. In conclusion, this study indicated that dietary yeast can positively influence growth performance, haemato-biochemical indices, and rumen fermentation parameters of growing goats.
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Key Words
- ADG, average daily gain
- Blood characteristics
- CI, confidence interval
- DMI, dry matter intake
- ES, effect size
- FCR, feed conversion ratio
- Goats
- Hb, haemoglobin
- Meta-analysis
- NH3N, ammonia nitrogen
- Nfs, fail-safe number
- OpenMEE, open meta-analyst for ecology and evolution
- PCV, packed cell volume
- PICO, population intervention comparison outcome
- PRISMA, preferred reporting items for systematic reviews andmeta-analyses
- Performance
- RBC, red blood cell
- Ruminal parameters
- SC, saccharomyces cerevisiae
- SMD, standardised mean difference
- Saccharomyces cerevisiae
- TMR, total mixed ration
- TVFA, total volatile fatty acid
- VFA, volatile fatty acid
- WBC, white blood cell
- YC, yeast culture
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Affiliation(s)
- Ifeanyi Princewill Ogbuewu
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Federal University of Technology, P.M.B. 1526, Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria.,Department of Agriculture and Animal Health, University of South Africa, Private Bag X6, Florida, 1710, South Africa
| | - Christian Anayo Mbajiorgu
- Department of Agriculture and Animal Health, University of South Africa, Private Bag X6, Florida, 1710, South Africa
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Awotunde O, Adewoye S, P.S. D, Hawumba J. Subacute toxicity study of aqueous root extract of Terminalia schimperiana in male Wistar rats. Toxicol Rep 2019; 6:825-832. [PMID: 31463203 PMCID: PMC6709380 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2019.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Revised: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The effect of administration of aqueous extract of Terminalia schimperiana root, "a medicinal plant", on some 'biomarker' enzymes, hematology parameters, liver function and kidney function parameters of rat cellular system was investigated. The aqueous extract was administered orally to male wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus) at various doses (1000, 2000, 3000 mg/kg body weight) daily for 21 days and the rats were sacrificed under chloroform anesthesia after 1, 7 and 21 days of oral administration. The administration of the aqueous extract of Terminalia schimperiana root for 21 days resulted in significant (P < 0.05) increase in packed cell volume and red blood cells level when compared with the control but were all within the normal test range. The differentials remained normal and the white blood cells level remained constant throughout the test period but increased after day 21 of the administration. Aspartate transaminase, alkaline phosphatase and acid phosphatase serum activities significantly (P < 0.05) increased, while the serum activities of alanine transaminase and gamma glutamyl transferase significantly (P < 0.05) reduced after 21 days of administration when compared with the control but they all fell within the normal test range. The extract produced (out of normal test range) significant (P < 0.05) increase in the serum albumin and total bilirubin. The kidney function parameters level was normal for sodium and potassium while the levels of creatinine and urea increased when compared with the control but were within the normal test ranges. The extracts did not have deleterious effect on the male wistar rat organs at the dosages investigated, therefore, studies for extended period is suggested to determine if the prolonged continuous use of the extract might cause challenge on the functional capacity of the organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- O.S. Awotunde
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, P.O Box 211, Soroti University, Soroti, Uganda
| | - S.O. Adewoye
- Department of Environmental Biology, Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, P.M.B 4000 Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Nigeria
| | - Dhanabal P.S.
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytopharmacy, Jagadguru Sri Shivarathreeshwara College of Pharmacy, 20 Rocklands, Ootacamund 643001, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - J. Hawumba
- Department of Biochemistry and Sport Science, College of Natural Science, P.O. Box 7062, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
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Zhang JL, Si HF, Zhou XZ, Shang XF, Li B, Zhang JY. High prevalence of fasciolosis and evaluation of the efficacy of anthelmintics against Fasciola hepatica in buffaloes in Guangxi, China. Int J Parasitol Parasites Wildl 2019; 8:82-87. [PMID: 30671343 PMCID: PMC6330380 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijppaw.2018.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2018] [Revised: 12/30/2018] [Accepted: 12/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Fasciola hepatica is a common parasite of grazing livestock in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region in China, but its prevalence has not been studied. While triclabendazole is commonly used to treat F. hepatica infection in China, oxyclozanide has never been used. This study investigated the prevalence of F. hepatica infections in buffaloes in the Guangxi and evaluated the efficacy of oxyclozanide and triclabendazole as treatments. In the prevalence study, a total of 767 individual faecal samples were obtained from 58 farms in Guangxi to detect the prevalence of F. hepatica, and the total rate of infection was 87.35%. A subset of 277 infected buffaloes from these farms were randomly divided into 3 groups. Group 1 (n = 101) was treated with oxyclozanide at 10 mg/kg.bw; group 2 (n = 94) was treated with triclabendazole (12 mg/kg.bw); and group 3 (n = 82) was untreated. Faecal samples were taken on days 0, 7, 14, 21 and 28. Whole blood and serum were collected on days 0 and 14. Anthelmintic efficacy was assessed using faecal egg count reduction (FECR), buffaloes positive by coprology reduction (BPCR) as well as post-treatment improvement in biochemical and haematological indicators. After 28 days treatment, group 1 and 2 showed FECR% values above 98%, and BPCR% values of 97.03% and 77.66%, respectively. In addition, the biochemical indicators and haematological parameters were improved at 14 days post-treatment compared with those before treatment. These results indicate a high prevalence of F. hepatica in Guangxi, demonstrate that oxyclozanide and triclabendazole are effective against F. hepatica infection in buffaloes, and indicate that oxyclozanide could be used in China as an alternative drug. The prevalence of F. hepatica infections in 767 buffaloes was 87.35% on 58 farms from 8 districts in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region in China. Oxyclozanide and triclabendazole effectively restored the health of infected buffaloes and reduced the EPG of F. hepatica.
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Key Words
- A, albumin
- ALP, alkaline phosphatase
- ALT, alanine aminotransferase
- AST, aspartate aminotransferase
- BPCR, buffaloes positive by coprology reduction
- Buffaloes
- EDTA, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid
- EOS, eosinophils
- EPG, eggs per gram
- Efficacy
- F. gigantica, Fasciola gigantica
- F. hepatica, Fasciola hepatica
- FECR, faecal egg count reduction
- Fasciola hepatica
- GGT, γ-glutamyl transpeptidase
- GLU, glucose
- Hb, haemoglobin
- LDH, lactate dehydrogenase
- Oxyclozanide
- PCV, packed cell volume
- Prevalence
- RBCs, red blood cells
- TP, total protein
- Triclabendazole
- WBCs, white blood cells
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Li Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, 730050, PR China.,Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, 730050, PR China
| | - Hong-Fei Si
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510632, PR China
| | - Xu-Zheng Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, 730050, PR China.,Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, 730050, PR China
| | - Xiao-Fei Shang
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, 730050, PR China.,Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, 730050, PR China
| | - Bing Li
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, 730050, PR China.,Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, 730050, PR China
| | - Ji-Yu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, 730050, PR China.,Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, 730050, PR China
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Brunel HDSS, Dallago BSL, de Almeida AMB, de Assis AZ, de Bento Calzada RJ, de Alvarenga ABB, Menezes AM, Barbosa JP, Lopes PR, González FHD, McManus C, Broom D, Bernal FEM. Hemato-biochemical profile of meat cattle submitted to different types of pre-loading handling and transport times. Int J Vet Sci Med 2018; 6:90-96. [PMID: 30255084 PMCID: PMC6149260 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijvsm.2018.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Revised: 03/01/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Pre-loading handling and conditions of transport are related to welfare, disease risk and product quality of production animals. These steps continue to be one of the major animal management problems in Brazil. This study evaluated the effects of different types of pre-loading handling and road transport times on the haematological and biochemical traits of cattle. Eighteen male cattle were submitted to three travel times (24, 48 and 72 h) in a truck soon after load using different types of pre-loading handling: traditional (rough handling), training (gentle handling) and use of flags to movement cattle. Haematological traits, blood biochemical measures as well as blood and faecal cortisol were analysed in order to assess animal welfare and physiological status. The traditional management showed to be more stressful, also had animals with a greater number of neutrophils and lower numbers of lymphocytes than handling with flags, showing that animals submitted to more stressful situations can have compromised immune system. Serum aspartate aminotransferase concentrations were within the reference levels and when taken together with increased creatine kinase patterns observed indicate muscle damage in traditional management. Decrease in glucose concentrations over time from traditional management to flag management was observed, while fructosamine was increased in traditional management with 72 h of travel. When taken together, all reported factors, immune, enzymatic, energetic and hormonal, indicate that the quality of pre-loading handling and time of transport were determinant for animal welfare, its homeostatic balance and sanitary conditions.
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Key Words
- ALB, albumin
- ALP, alkaline phosphatase
- AST, aspartate aminotransferase
- Animal welfare
- Blood cortisol
- CK, creatine kinase
- Cort-FZ, faecal cortisol
- Cort-SG, blood cortisol
- ERT, erythrocyte
- FLAG, flag handling
- Faecal cortisol
- FrAm, fructosamine
- GLI, glucose
- Haematological evaluation
- Hb, haemoglobin
- LEU, leukocytes
- LINF, lymphocytes
- MCHC, mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration
- MCV, mean corpuscular volume
- NEU, neutrophils
- PCV, packed cell volume
- PLAQ, platelets
- Road transport
- TPP, total plasma protein
- TRAD, traditional management (rough handling)
- TRAIN, training management (gentle handling)
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Affiliation(s)
- Hilana Dos Santos Sena Brunel
- Faculdade de Agronomia e Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Brasília-UnB, Campus Darcy Ribeiro, ICC Centro, Asa Norte, Brasília, DF CEP: 70910-900, Brazil
| | - Bruno Stéfano Lima Dallago
- Faculdade de Agronomia e Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Brasília-UnB, Campus Darcy Ribeiro, ICC Centro, Asa Norte, Brasília, DF CEP: 70910-900, Brazil
| | - Aline Melgaço Bezerra de Almeida
- Faculdade de Agronomia e Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Brasília-UnB, Campus Darcy Ribeiro, ICC Centro, Asa Norte, Brasília, DF CEP: 70910-900, Brazil
| | - Aline Zorzan de Assis
- Faculdade de Agronomia e Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Brasília-UnB, Campus Darcy Ribeiro, ICC Centro, Asa Norte, Brasília, DF CEP: 70910-900, Brazil
| | - Rafaella Jacinta de Bento Calzada
- Faculdade de Agronomia e Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Brasília-UnB, Campus Darcy Ribeiro, ICC Centro, Asa Norte, Brasília, DF CEP: 70910-900, Brazil
| | - Adriano Braga Brasileiro de Alvarenga
- Faculdade de Agronomia e Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Brasília-UnB, Campus Darcy Ribeiro, ICC Centro, Asa Norte, Brasília, DF CEP: 70910-900, Brazil
| | - Adriana Morato Menezes
- Faculdade de Agronomia e Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Brasília-UnB, Campus Darcy Ribeiro, ICC Centro, Asa Norte, Brasília, DF CEP: 70910-900, Brazil
| | - João Paulo Barbosa
- Faculdade de Agronomia e Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Brasília-UnB, Campus Darcy Ribeiro, ICC Centro, Asa Norte, Brasília, DF CEP: 70910-900, Brazil
| | - Paula Rodrigues Lopes
- Faculdade de Agronomia e Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Brasília-UnB, Campus Darcy Ribeiro, ICC Centro, Asa Norte, Brasília, DF CEP: 70910-900, Brazil
| | - Félix Hilário Diaz González
- Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul-UFRGS, Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9090, Porto Alegre, RS CEP: 91540-000, Brazil
| | - Concepta McManus
- Faculdade de Agronomia e Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Brasília-UnB, Campus Darcy Ribeiro, ICC Centro, Asa Norte, Brasília, DF CEP: 70910-900, Brazil
| | - Donald Broom
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0ES, United Kingdom
| | - Francisco Ernesto Moreno Bernal
- Faculdade de Agronomia e Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Brasília-UnB, Campus Darcy Ribeiro, ICC Centro, Asa Norte, Brasília, DF CEP: 70910-900, Brazil
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Tauheed AM, Shittu SH, Suleiman MM, Habibu B, Kawu MU, Kobo PI, Yusuf PO. In vivo ameliorative effects of methanol leaf extract of Lawsonia inermis Linn on experimental Trypanosoma congolense infection in Wistar rats. Int J Vet Sci Med 2016; 4:33-40. [PMID: 30255037 PMCID: PMC6149255 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijvsm.2016.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2016] [Revised: 10/19/2016] [Accepted: 10/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the ameliorative effect of Lawsonia inermis Linn used traditionally against trypanosomosis. Twenty-five adult Wistar rats of both sex were individually infected intraperitoneally (IP) with 106Trypanosoma congolense per ml of blood. Following establishment of infection, the rats were randomly divided into five groups of 5 rats each. Rats in groups I, II, and III were treated with 125, 250 and 500 mg/kg of the extract, respectively, while rats in groups IV and V were treated with 3.5 mg/kg and 2 ml/kg of diminazene aceturate (DM) once and physiological buffered saline, respectively. All treatments except DM were given orally for 7 days IP. The antitrypanosomal effect of the plant was assessed by observing the level of parasitaemia daily, packed cell volume (PCV) weekly, erythrocyte osmotic fragility (EOF) and malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration on day 21. Phytochemical screening of the extract revealed the presence of alkaloids, carbohydrates, triterpenes, steroids, cardiac glycosides, saponins, tannins and flavonoids. The extract significantly (P < 0.05) reduced levels of parasitaemia at 250 mg/kg. PCV was higher (P > 0.05) in extract treated groups but significantly higher (P < 0.05) in group II at week 2 when compared to group V. Rats in group II had significantly lower values of EOF and MDA when compared with groups IV and V. Thus, the leaf of L. inermis has in addition to an antitrypanosomal effect against T. congolense in rats, an attenuating effect on the trypanosomosis pathology probably mediated via protection of the erythrocyte membrane against trypanosome-induced oxidative damage to the erythrocytes.
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Key Words
- ANOVA, analysis of variance
- Antioxidant
- Antitrypanosomal
- EOF, erythrocyte osmotic fragility
- Erythrocyte osmotic fragility
- IP, intraperitoneal
- L, lawsonia
- MDA, malondialdehyde
- Malondialdehyde
- PCV, packed cell volume
- PSS, physiological buffered saline
- Phytochemistry
- SEM, standard error of mean
- T, trypanosoma
- TBA, thiobarbituric acid
- TCA, trichloroacetic acid
- US, United States
- kDNA, kinetoplast deoxyribonucleic acid
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Salisu Hashim Shittu
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
| | - Mohammed Musa Suleiman
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
| | - Buhari Habibu
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
| | - Mohammed Umar Kawu
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
| | - Patricia Ishaku Kobo
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
| | - Peter Ofemile Yusuf
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
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Weindel CG, Richey LJ, Bolland S, Mehta AJ, Kearney JF, Huber BT. B cell autophagy mediates TLR7-dependent autoimmunity and inflammation. Autophagy 2016; 11:1010-24. [PMID: 26120731 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2015.1052206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a heterogeneous autoimmune disease, defined by loss of B cell self-tolerance that results in production of antinuclear antibodies (ANA) and chronic inflammation. While the initiating events in lupus development are not well defined, overexpression of the RNA-recognizing toll-like receptor (TLR)7 has been linked to SLE in humans and mice. We postulated that autophagy plays an essential role in TLR7 activation of B cells for the induction of SLE by delivering RNA ligands to the endosomes, where this innate immune receptor resides. To test this hypothesis, we compared SLE development in Tlr7 transgenic (Tg) mice with or without B cell-specific ablation of autophagy (Cd19-Cre Atg5(f/f)). We observed that in the absence of B cell autophagy the 2 hallmarks of SLE, ANA and inflammation, were eliminated, thus curing these mice of lupus. This was also evident in the significantly extended survival of the autophagy-deficient mice compared to Tlr7.1 Tg mice. Furthermore, glomerulonephritis was ameliorated, and the serum levels of inflammatory cytokines in the knockout (KO) mice were indistinguishable from those of control mice. These data provide direct evidence that B cells require TLR7-dependent priming through an autophagy-dependent mechanism before autoimmunity is induced, thereafter involving many cell types. Surprisingly, hyper-IgM production persisted in Tlr7.1 Tg mice in the absence of autophagy, likely involving a different activation pathway than the production of autoantibodies. Furthermore, these mice still presented with anemia, but responded with a striking increase in extramedullary hematopoiesis (EMH), possibly due to the absence of pro-inflammatory cytokines.
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Key Words
- ANA, anti-nuclear Ab
- Ab, antibody
- Atg5 KO
- B cells
- B6, C57BL/6J
- BM, bone marrow
- BMD, BM derived
- BMDM, BMD macrophages
- BMDmDCs, BMD myeloid dendritic cells
- BMDpDCs, BMD plasmacytoid dendritic cells
- CFS3, colony stimulating factor 3 (granulocyte)
- CSF2, colony stimulating factor 2 (granulocyte-macrophage)
- DC, dendritic cell
- ELISA, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
- ELISpot, enzyme-linked immunospot assay
- EMH, extramedullary hematopoiesis
- FOB, follicular B cells
- GMP, granulocyte-macrophage progenitor
- H&E, hematoxylin and eosin stain
- IFN, interferon
- IHC, immunohistochemistry
- IL, interleukin
- Irf7, interferon regulatory factor 7
- KO, knockout
- LAP, LC3-associated phagocytosis
- LPS, lipopolysaccharide
- MZB, marginal zone B cells
- MZP, marginal zone precursor B cells
- NEAA, nonessential amino acids
- O/N, overnight
- PAS, periodic acid-Schiff
- PC, phosphocholine
- PCV, packed cell volume
- PEMs, peritoneal macrophages
- RBC, red blood cell
- RT, room temperature
- SLE, systemic lupus erythematosus
- T1B, transitional 1 B cells
- TLR, toll-like receptor
- TLR7
- Tg, transgenic
- WT, wild type
- YAA, Y-linked autoimmune accelerator
- autoimmunity
- ds, double stranded
- inflammation
- lupus
- mDC, myeloid DC
- pDC, plasmacytoid DC
- ss, single stranded
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi G Weindel
- a Graduate Program in Genetics; Sackler School of Graduate Biomedical Sciences; Tufts University School of Medicine ; Boston , MA , USA
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McNerney T, Thomas A, Senczuk A, Petty K, Zhao X, Piper R, Carvalho J, Hammond M, Sawant S, Bussiere J. PDADMAC flocculation of Chinese hamster ovary cells: enabling a centrifuge-less harvest process for monoclonal antibodies. MAbs 2015; 7:413-28. [PMID: 25706650 DOI: 10.1080/19420862.2015.1007824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
High titer (>10 g/L) monoclonal antibody (mAb) cell culture processes are typically achieved by maintaining high viable cell densities over longer culture durations. A corresponding increase in the solids and sub-micron cellular debris particle levels are also observed. This higher burden of solids (≥15%) and sub-micron particles typically exceeds the capabilities of a continuous centrifuge to effectively remove the solids without a substantial loss of product and/or the capacity of the harvest filtration train (depth filter followed by membrane filter) used to clarify the centrate. We discuss here the use of a novel and simple two-polymer flocculation method used to harvest mAb from high cell mass cell culture processes. The addition of the polycationic polymer, poly diallyldimethylammonium chloride (PDADMAC) to the cell culture broth flocculates negatively-charged cells and cellular debris via an ionic interaction mechanism. Incorporation of a non-ionic polymer such as polyethylene glycol (PEG) into the PDADMAC flocculation results in larger flocculated particles with faster settling rate compared to PDADMAC-only flocculation. PDADMAC also flocculates the negatively-charged sub-micron particles to produce a feed stream with a significantly higher harvest filter train throughput compared to a typical centrifuged harvest feed stream. Cell culture process variability such as lactate production, cellular debris and cellular densities were investigated to determine the effect on flocculation. Since PDADMAC is cytotoxic, purification process clearance and toxicity assessment were performed.
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Key Words
- CCF, clarified centrifuged cell culture fluid
- CHO, Chinese hamster ovary
- DADMAC, diallyldimethylammonium chloride
- DF, diafiltration volume
- FBRM, focused beam reflectance measurement
- HCP, host cell proteins
- HI, hemolytic index
- IV, intravenous
- MF, microfiltration
- MW, molecular weight
- NTU, Nephelometric Turbidity Unit
- PBS, phosphate buffered saline
- PCV, packed cell volume
- PDADMAC, poly diallyldimethylammonium chloride
- PEG, polyethylene glycol
- QPCR, quantitative polymerase chain reaction
- RBC, red blood cells
- TC, total cells
- VCD, viable cell density
- cytotoxicity
- in-vitro hemolysis
- in-vivo rodent toxicity
- mAb, monoclonal antibody
- mammalian cell culture
- monoclonal antibody
- n-aPA, neutralized acidified Protein A pool
- particles/s, particles per second
- polycationic flocculation harvest
- rcf, relative centrifugal force
- reagent clearance
- w/v, weight to volume
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas McNerney
- a Purification Process Development ; Amgen Inc. ; Seattle , WA USA
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