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Obukohwo OM, Ben-Azu B, Nwangwa EK, Ohwin EP, Igweh JC, Adeogun Adetomiwa E. Adverse hematological profiles associated with chlorpromazine antipsychotic treatment in male rats: Preventive and reversal mechanisms of taurine and coenzyme-Q10. Toxicol Rep 2024; 12:448-462. [PMID: 38693965 PMCID: PMC11061245 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2024.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Chlorpromazine (CPZ) is one of the most effective antipsychotic drugs used for managing psychotic related disorders owing to its dopamine receptor blocking action. However, pharmacological investigations against CPZ's cytotoxic effect have remained scarce. Hence, this study investigated the preventive and reversal effects of taurine and coenzyme-Q10 (COQ-10), which are compounds with proven natural antioxidant properties, against CPZ-induced hematological impairments in male rats. In the preventive study, rats received oral saline (10 ml/kg), taurine (150 mg/kg/day), COQ-10 (10 mg/kg/day) or in combination for 56 days, alongside CPZ (30 mg/kg, p.o.) between days 29-56. In the reversal protocol, rats had CPZ repeatedly for 56 days before taurine and COQ-10 treatments or their combination from days 29-56. Rats were also given taurine (150 mg/kg/day), and COQ-10 (10 mg/kg/day) alone for 56 days. Serums were extracted and assayed for hematological, with oxidative and inflammatory markers. CPZ induced decreased red/white blood cells, erythropoietin, platelet count, packed cell volume and hemoglobin, neutrophil, and lymphocyte, which were prevented and reversed by taurine and COQ-10, or their combination. Taurine and COQ-10 improved mean corpuscular volume, hemoglobin concentration, with increased erythropoietin levels relative to CPZ groups. CPZ-induced increased malondialdehyde, tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-6 levels with decreased interleukin-10, glutathione, and superoxide-dismutase were prevented and reversed by taurine and COQ-10 in comparison with CPZ groups. Taurine and COQ-10 alone notably improved the antioxidant/anti-inflammatory status relative to controls. Among other mechanisms, taurine and COQ-10 abated CPZ-induced hematological deficiencies, via decreased serum levels of oxidative stress, and pro-inflammatory cytokines release, with increased antioxidants and anti-inflammation function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oyovwi Mega Obukohwo
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Adeleke University, Ede, Osun State, Nigeria
| | - Benneth Ben-Azu
- DELSU Joint Canada-Israel Neuroscience and Biopsychiatry Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Delta State University, Abraka, Delta State, Nigeria
| | - Eze Kingsley Nwangwa
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Delta State University, Abraka, Delta State, Nigeria
| | - Ejiro Peggy Ohwin
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Delta State University, Abraka, Delta State, Nigeria
| | - John C. Igweh
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Delta State University, Abraka, Delta State, Nigeria
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Kitwan L, Makobe C, Mdachi R, Maranga DN, Isaac AO, Nyariki JN. Coenzyme Q 10 prevented Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense-mediated breach of the blood brain barrier, inflammation and organ damage in late stage of Human African Trypanosomiasis. J Parasit Dis 2023; 47:167-184. [PMID: 36910316 PMCID: PMC9998817 DOI: 10.1007/s12639-022-01553-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
During the late stage of Human African Trypanosomiasis (HAT), there is severe cytokine-driven inflammation, oxidative stress and organ damage. Controlling inflammation and oxidative damage presents unique therapeutic opportunities to improve treatment outcome. The current study sought to determine the putative impact of Coenzyme-Q10 (Co-Q10), a potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory, on adverse inflammatory and oxidative events during Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense (T.b.r) infection. Group one constituted the control; the second group was infected with T.b.r; the third group was orally administered with 200 mg/kg Co-Q10 for two weeks; thereafter, Co-Q10 administration continued after infection with T.b.r. Co-Q10 improved the survival rate of infected mice and prevented full blown parasite driven splenomegaly and hepatomegaly. Co-Q10 prevented characteristic T.b.r-driven breach of the blood brain barrier and improved neurological integrity among T.b.r infected mice. Co-Q10 protected from T.b.r-induced microcytic hypochromic anaemia and thrombocytopenia. T.b.r-induced oxidative stress in the vital organs was assuaged following exposure to Co-Q10. Co-Q10 blocked T.b.r-induced derangement of high density lipoprotein and triglyceride levels. Co-Q10 significantly abrogated T.b.r-driven elevation of serum TNF-α and IFN-γ levels. Moreover, T.b.r-induced kidney and liver damage was assuaged by Co-Q10 administration. Co-Q10 administration downregulated T.b.r-induced elevation of uric acid and C-reactive protein. Likewise, T.b.r infected mice receiving Co-Q10 exhibited normal brain architecture. In conclusion, treatment with Co-Q10 may be useful in protecting against T.b.r-mediated organ injury, lethal inflammation and oxidative stress commonly present in severe late stage HAT; and presents unique opportunities for an adjunct therapy for late stage HAT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lynn Kitwan
- Department of Medical Microbiology Department, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology (JKUAT), Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Celestine Makobe
- Department of Medical Microbiology Department, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology (JKUAT), Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Raymond Mdachi
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research Organization, Kikuyu, Kenya
| | | | - Alfred Orina Isaac
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Technical University of Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - James Nyabuga Nyariki
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Technical University of Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya
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Kennedy C, Okanya P, Nyariki JN, Amwayi P, Jillani N, Isaac AO. Coenzyme Q 10 nullified khat-induced hepatotoxicity, nephrotoxicity and inflammation in a mouse model. Heliyon 2020; 6:e04917. [PMID: 32984611 PMCID: PMC7498867 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e04917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Ethnopharmacological relevance The consumption of khat (Catha Edulis, Forsk) is on the rise despite the much publicized associated deleterious health effects. How chemicals present in khat, affect various physiological and biochemical processes requires further scrutiny. A clear understanding of these processes will provide an avenue for countering khat-driven negative effects using appropriate pharmacological and/or nutritional interventions. Aim of the study The current study investigated the effect of khat on vital physiological and biochemical processes such as oxidative stress, inflammation and immune responses and the role of Coenzyme-Q10 (CoQ10), a potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory, in modulating any negative effects due to khat exposure. Methodology Three (3) weeks old forty (40) Swiss albino mice were randomly assigned into four treatment groups (n = 10). The first group was the control that was not administered with khat or CoQ10. The second group received 200 mg/kg body weight (b/w) of CoQ10, while the third group received 1500 mg/kg b/w of khat extract and finally the forth group was co-treated with 200 mg/kg b/w of CoQ10 and 1500 mg/kg b/w of khat extract. The experiment was conducted for 90 days after which samples were collected for physiological and biochemical analyses. Results The effects of khat and CoQ10 on the weights of brain, liver, kidney and spleen was determined. Administration of khat decreased the levels of RBCs and its subtypes (MCV, MCH, RDW-SD and RDW-CV), a clear indicator of khat-induced normochromic microcytic anemia. White blood cells (lymphocytes, monocytes, neutrophils and eosinophil) which are vital in responding to infections were markedly elevated by khat. Moreover, these results provide evidence for khat-induced liver and kidney injury as shown by increased biomarkers; AST, ALT, GGT and creatinine respectively. Standard histopathological analysis confirmed this finding for khat-driven liver and kidney injury. Further studies showed evidence for khat-induced inflammation and oxidative stress as depicted by increased levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokine TNF-alpha and elevation of GSH in the brain, liver and spleen. Remarkably, this is the first study to demonstrate the potential of CoQ10 in ameliorating khat-induced negative effects as outlined. CoQ10 supplementation restored the khat-induced reduction in RBC subtypes, and was protective against liver and kidney injury as shown by the appropriate biomarkers and standard histopathology analysis. The other significant finding was the CoQ10-driven normalization of GSH and TNF-α levels, indicating a protective effect from khat-driven oxidative stress and inflammation respectively. Conclusion From this study, we conclude that CoQ10 may be useful in nullifying khat-driven deleterious events among chronic khat users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chepukosi Kennedy
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Technical University of Kenya, P. O. Box 52428, 00200 Nairobi, Kenya.,School of Biological and Life Sciences, Technical University of Kenya, P. O. Box 52428, 00200 Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Patrick Okanya
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Technical University of Kenya, P. O. Box 52428, 00200 Nairobi, Kenya.,School of Biological and Life Sciences, Technical University of Kenya, P. O. Box 52428, 00200 Nairobi, Kenya
| | - James Nyabuga Nyariki
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Technical University of Kenya, P. O. Box 52428, 00200 Nairobi, Kenya.,School of Biological and Life Sciences, Technical University of Kenya, P. O. Box 52428, 00200 Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Peris Amwayi
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Technical University of Kenya, P. O. Box 52428, 00200 Nairobi, Kenya.,School of Biological and Life Sciences, Technical University of Kenya, P. O. Box 52428, 00200 Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Ngalla Jillani
- Institute of Primates Research, P.O. Box 24481, Karen, 00502, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Alfred Orina Isaac
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Technical University of Kenya, P. O. Box 52428, 00200 Nairobi, Kenya.,School of Health Sciences and Technology, Technical University of Kenya, P. O. Box 52428, 00200 Nairobi, Kenya
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Sharma R, Rahi S, Mehan S. Neuroprotective potential of solanesol in intracerebroventricular propionic acid induced experimental model of autism: Insights from behavioral and biochemical evidence. Toxicol Rep 2019; 6:1164-1175. [PMID: 31763180 PMCID: PMC6861559 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2019.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Revised: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Autism is the category used within the newest edition of the diagnostic and statistical manual of neurodevelopmental disorders. Autism is a spectrum of disorder where a variety of behavioural patterns observed in autistic patients, such as stereotypes and repetitive behavior, hyperexcitability, depression-like symptoms, and memory and cognitive dysfunctions. Neuropathological hallmarks that associated with autism are mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, Neuro-excitation, abnormal synapse formation, overexpression of glial cells in specific brain regions like cerebellum, cerebral cortex, amygdala, and hippocampus. ICV injection of propionic acid (PPA) (4 μl/0.26 M) mimics autistic-like behavioral and biochemical alterations in rats. Literature findings reveal that there is a link between autism neuronal mitochondrial coenzyme-Q10 (CoQ10) and ETC-complexes dysfunctions are the keys pathogenic events for autism. Therefore, in the current study, we explore the neuroprotective interventions of Solanesol (SNL) 40 and 60 mg/kg alone and in combination with standard drugs Aripiprazole (ARP) 5 mg/kg, Citalopram (CTP) 10 mg/kg, Memantine (MEM) 5 mg/kg and Donepezil (DNP) 3 mg/kg to overcome behavioral and biochemical alterations in PPA induced experimental model of Autism. Chronic treatment with SNL 60 mg/kg in combination with standard drug shows a marked improvement in locomotion, muscle coordination, long-term memory and the decrease in depressive behavior. While, chronic treatment of SNL alone and in combination with standard drug aripiprazole, citalopram, donepezil, and memantine shows the Neuroprotective potential by enhancing the cognitive deficits, biochemical alterations along with reducing the level of inflammatory mediators and oxidative stress.
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Key Words
- AChE, acetylcholinesterase acetylcholinesterase
- ARP, Aripiprazole
- ATP
- Aripiprazole
- Autism
- BBB, blood-brain barrier
- CNS, center nerves system
- CTP, Citalopram
- Citalopram
- CoQ10, coenzyme-Q10
- Coenzyme-Q10
- DNP, Donepezil
- Donepezil
- ELT, escape latency
- ETC, electron-transport chain
- ICV, Intracerebroventricular
- LDH, lactate dehydrogenase
- MAPK3, mitogen-activated protein kinase 3
- MDA, malondialdehyde
- MEM, Memantine
- Memantine
- NO, nitric oxide
- PPA, propionic acid
- Propionic acid
- SNL, Solanesol
- SOD, superoxide dismutase
- UBE3A, Ubiquitin-protein ligase E3A
- i.p., Intraperitoneal route
- mitochondrial dysfunction
- p.o., Oral
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramit Sharma
- Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, India
| | - Saloni Rahi
- Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, India
| | - Sidharth Mehan
- Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, India
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Mehan S, Monga V, Rani M, Dudi R, Ghimire K. Neuroprotective effect of solanesol against 3-nitropropionic acid-induced Huntington's disease-like behavioral, biochemical, and cellular alterations: Restoration of coenzyme-Q10-mediated mitochondrial dysfunction. Indian J Pharmacol 2019; 50:309-319. [PMID: 30783323 PMCID: PMC6364342 DOI: 10.4103/ijp.ijp_11_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of the present study was to evaluate the solanesol (SNL)-mediated coenzyme-Q10 restoration to ameliorate 3-nitropropionic (3-NP)-induced behavioral, biochemical, and histological changes which resemble Huntington's disease (HD)-like symptoms in men. MATERIALS AND METHODS Various behavioral and biochemical parameters were carried out to evaluate the activity of SNL on 3-NP-treated rats. To determine the therapeutic significance of SNL on HD, different behavioral tests such as memory task, locomotor activity, grip strength, and beam cross and some biochemical test along with histopathological findings were done. RESULTS Chronic 3-NP, 10 mg/kg i.p., caused physical and mental abnormalities in animals, including memory impairment, weak grip strength, abnormal posture, and cognitive deficit. Biochemical analysis of brain homogenate in 3-NP-treated rats showed altered mitochondrial complexes, oxidative stress, and elevated lipid biomarkers. Neurohistological alterations of hippocampus, basal ganglia, and cerebral cortex of 3-NP-treated rats exhibit severe neuronal space, irregular damaged cells, and dense pyknotic nuclei-associated marked focal diffused gliosis. SNL administered for 15 days significantly improved motor performance and cognitive behavior task and restored the histopathological changes. Further, SNL treatment significantly improved mitochondrial complexes such as coenzyme-Q10 enzyme activity and attenuated inflammatory and oxidative damage of rat brain. CONCLUSION In the present research work, SNL (5, 10, and 15 mg/kg p.o.) provided notable neuroprotective effect, which was confirmed by behavioral paradigms and biochemical test. It restored the behavioral and biochemical alteration caused by 3-NP and confirmed the strong neuroprotective mechanism of SNL in 3-NP-intoxicated memory and cognitive abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sidharth Mehan
- Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, India
| | - Vikramdeep Monga
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, India
| | - Manju Rani
- Department of Pharmacology, Rajendra Institute of Technology and Sciences, Sirsa, Haryana, India
| | - Rajesh Dudi
- Department of Pharmacology, Rajendra Institute of Technology and Sciences, Sirsa, Haryana, India
| | - Krishna Ghimire
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, PDM University, Bahadurgarh, Haryana, India
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Macunluoglu B, Atakan A, Ari E, Kaya Y, Kaspar C, Demir H, Alp HH. Epicardial fat tissue thickness is correlated with diminished levels of co-enzyme Q10, a major antioxidant molecule among hemodialysis patients. Clin Biochem 2014; 47:1231-4. [PMID: 24882509 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2014.05.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2014] [Revised: 05/19/2014] [Accepted: 05/20/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Accelerated atherosclerosis is the major cause of mortality in patients on chronic maintenance hemodialysis (HD). Epicardial fat tissue (EFT) is a new risk factor in cardiovascular disease (CVD). The aim of this study was to evaluate the relation between plasma coenzyme Q10 levels (Co-Q10) which is a potent physiologic antioxidant and EFT thickness in HD patients. DESIGN AND METHODS Seventy one chronic HD patients and 65 age and sex matched healthy individuals were included in the study. Plasma Co-Q10 levels were performed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) measurements. EFT was measured by transthoracic echocardiograpy (TTE) performed with a VIVID 7 instrument. RESULTS Plasma Co-Q10 levels (1.36±0.43 vs 2.53±0.55, p<0.001) were significantly lower in HD patients compared to controls. EFT was significantly increased in HD patients compared to healthy controls (6.53±1.01 vs. 5.79±1.06 mm respectively, p<0.001). Correlation analysis showed that plasma Co-Q10 levels were inversely correlated with EFT (r=-0.263, p<0.05). Multiple linear regression analysis was used to define independent determinants of EFT in HD patients. According to linear regression analysis, age, BMI, total cholesterol and Co-Q10 levels were found to be independent predictors of EFT (adjusted r(2)=0.38, p<0.001). CONCLUSION This study demonstrated that EFT thickness was significantly higher among HD patients compared to healthy controls. In addition; this study was the first to demonstrate an inverse correlation between EFT thickness and Co-Q10 levels in this patient population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beyza Macunluoglu
- Department of Nephrology, Uskudar State Hospital, 34000 Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Aydin Atakan
- Department of Nephrology, Fatih Sultan Mehmet State Hospital, 34000 Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Elif Ari
- Department of Nephrology, Van Yuksek Ihtisas Hospital, 65200 Van, Turkey.
| | - Yüksel Kaya
- Department of Cardiology, Van Yuksek Ihtisas Hospital, 65200 Van, Turkey.
| | - Cigdem Kaspar
- Department of Biostatistics, Yeditepe University, 34000 İstanbul, Turkey..
| | - Halit Demir
- Department of Biochemistry, Yuzuncu Yil University, 65000 Van, Turkey.
| | - Hamit Hakan Alp
- Department of Biochemistry, Yuzuncu Yil University, 65000 Van, Turkey.
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El-Sheikh AAK, Morsy MA, Mahmoud MM, Rifaai RA. Protective mechanisms of coenzyme-Q10 may involve up-regulation of testicular P-glycoprotein in doxorubicin-induced toxicity. Environ Toxicol Pharmacol 2014; 37:772-781. [PMID: 24632013 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2014.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2013] [Revised: 01/28/2014] [Accepted: 02/10/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The anticancer drug; doxorubicin (DOX), causes testicular toxicity as an adverse effect. P-glycoprotein (P-gp) is a multidrug resistance efflux transporter expressed in blood-testis barrier, which extrudes DOX from the testis. We investigated whether DOX-induced gonadal injury could be prevented by the use of antioxidant; coenzyme-Q10 (CoQ10). The involvement of P-gp expression, as a possible protective mechanism, was also investigated. CoQ10 was administered orally for 8 days, and DOX toxicity was induced via a single i.p. dose of 15 mg/kg at day 4. Concomitant administration of CoQ10 with DOX significantly restored testicular oxidative stress parameters and the distorted histopathological picture, reduced the up-regulation of caspase 3 caused by DOX, and increased P-gp expression. We show for the first time that CoQ10 up-regulates P-gp as a novel mechanism for gonadal protection. In conclusion, CoQ10 protects against DOX-induced testicular toxicity in rats via ameliorating oxidative stress, reducing apoptosis and up-regulating testicular P-gp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azza A K El-Sheikh
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, El-Minia, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A Morsy
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, El-Minia, Egypt.
| | - Marwa M Mahmoud
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, El-Minia, Egypt
| | - Rehab A Rifaai
- Department of Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, El-Minia, Egypt
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Chatterjee A, Kandwal A, Singh N, Singh A. Evaluation of Co-Q10 anti-gingivitis effect on plaque induced gingivitis: A randomized controlled clinical trial. J Indian Soc Periodontol 2013; 16:539-42. [PMID: 23493408 PMCID: PMC3590723 DOI: 10.4103/0972-124x.106902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2010] [Accepted: 11/29/2011] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Deficiency of Co-Q10 has been found to be responsible for periodontal destruction; therefore, this study was undertaken to evaluate the anti-gingivitis effect of Co-Q10 on plaque induced gingivitis. MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirty subjects with plaque induced gingivitis were enrolled in a split mouth randomized controlled trial. For each subject, scaling was randomly performed for any two quadrants, followed by the topical application of Co-Q10 randomly in a previously scaled and as an unscaled quadrant for a period of 28 days. Four treatment options were planned: option A: scaling only; option B: Co-Q10 along with scaling; option C: Co-Q10. RESULTS Marked reduction in gingival, bleeding, and plaque scores were recorded at the sites where C0-Q10 was applied. Mean±S.D of aforementioned periodontal parameters at 28th day showed significant reduction for option A, B, and C when compared with baseline. CONCLUSION Promising results were obtained after the solitary application of Co-Q10 as well as when it was used as an adjunct to scaling and root planing for treatment of plaque induced gingivitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anirban Chatterjee
- Department of Periodontics, Institute of Dental Sciences, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
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