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Nakanishi A, Toyama S, Onozato D, Watanabe C, Hashita T, Iwao T, Matsunaga T. Effects of human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived intestinal organoids on colitis-model mice. Regen Ther 2022; 21:351-361. [PMID: 36161099 PMCID: PMC9471335 DOI: 10.1016/j.reth.2022.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Ulcerative colitis (UC) is an inflammatory bowel disease characterized by repeated remissions and relapses. Immunosuppressive drugs have facilitated the induction and maintenance of remission in many patients with UC. However, immunosuppressive drugs cannot directly repair impaired intestinal mucosa and are insufficient for preventing relapse. Therefore, new treatment approaches to repair the damaged epithelium in UC have been attempted through the transplantation of intestinal organoids, which can be differentiated into mucosa by embedding in Matrigel, generated from patient-derived intestinal stem cells. The method, however, poses the challenge of yielding sufficient cells for UC therapy, and patient-derived cells might already have acquired pathological changes. In contrast, human induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells generated from healthy individuals are infinitely proliferated and can be differentiated into target cells. Recently developed human iPS cell-derived intestinal organoids (HIOs) aim to generate organoids that closely resemble the adult intestine. However, no study till date has reported HIOs injected into in vivo inflammatory models, and it remains unclear whether HIOs with cells that closely resemble the adult intestine or with intestinal stem cells retain the better ability to repair tissue in colitis. Methods We generated two types of HIOs via suspension culture with and without small-molecule compounds: HIOs that include predominantly more intestinal stem cells [HIO (A)] and those that include predominantly more intestinal epithelial and secretory cells [HIO (B)]. We examined whether the generated HIOs engrafted in vivo and compared their ability to accelerate recovery of the damaged tissue. Results Findings showed that the HIOs expressed intestinal-specific markers such as caudal-type homeobox 2 (CDX2) and villin, and HIOs engrafted under the kidney capsules of mice. We then injected HIOs into colitis-model mice and found that the weight and clinical score of the mice injected with HIO (A) recovered earlier than that of the mice in the sham group. Further, the production of mucus and the expression of cell proliferation markers and tight junction proteins in the colon tissues of the HIO (A) group were restored to levels similar to those observed in healthy mice. However, neither HIO (A) nor HIO (B) could be engrafted into the colon. Conclusions Effective cell therapy should directly repair tissue by engraftment at the site of injury. However, the difference in organoid property impacting the rate of tissue repair in transplantation without engraftment observed in the current study should be considered a critical consideration in the development of regenerative medicine using iPS-derived organoids. Human iPS cell-derived intestinal organoids were generated via suspension culture. The effects of two types of intestinal organoids in vivo were compared. Intestinal organoids were engrafted under mouse kidney capsules. Intestinal organoids promoted mucosal healing in acute colitis-model mice. Organoids with a higher gene expression of intestinal stem cell had higher effects.
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Key Words
- 5-aza, 5-aza-2′-deoxycytidine
- A-83-01, 3-(6-methyl-2-pyridinyl)-N-phenyl-4-(4-quinolinyl)-1H-pyrazole-1-carbothioamide
- CDX2, caudal-type homeobox 2
- CHGA, chromogranin A
- Cell therapy
- DAPI, 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole
- DAPT, N-[(3,5-difluorophenyl)acetyl]-L-alanyl-2-phenyl-1,1-dime-thylethyl ester-glycine
- DSS, dextran sodium sulfate
- FBS, fetal bovine serum
- HIO, human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived intestinal organoid
- HLA, human leukocyte antigen
- HPRT, hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase
- Human induced pluripotent stem cell
- Inflammatory bowel disease
- Intestinal organoid
- LGR5, leucine-rich repeat-containing G-protein-coupled receptor 5
- MUC2, mucin 2
- NSG, NOD.Cg-PrkdcscidIl2rgtm1Wjl/SzJ
- OLFM4, olfactomedin 4
- PBS, phosphate-buffered saline
- PD98059, 2-(2-amino-3-methoxyphenyl)4-H-1-benzopyran-4-one
- SCID-Beige, CB17.Cg-PrkdcscidLystbg-J/CrlCrlj
- Suspension culture
- UC, ulcerative colitis
- Ulcerative colitis
- VIL1, villin 1
- Y-27632, (+)-(R)-trans-4-(1-amino-ethyl)-N-(4-pyridyl) cyclohexanecarboxamide dihydrochloride
- iPS, induced pluripotent stem
- qPCR, quantitative polymerase chain reaction
- α-SMA, α-smooth muscle actin
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Nakanishi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, 3-1 Tanabe-dori, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya 467-8603, Japan
| | - Satoshi Toyama
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, 3-1 Tanabe-dori, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya 467-8603, Japan
| | - Daichi Onozato
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, 3-1 Tanabe-dori, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya 467-8603, Japan
| | - Chihiro Watanabe
- Educational Research Center for Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, 3-1 Tanabe-dori, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya 467-8603, Japan
| | - Tadahiro Hashita
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, 3-1 Tanabe-dori, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya 467-8603, Japan.,Educational Research Center for Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, 3-1 Tanabe-dori, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya 467-8603, Japan
| | - Takahiro Iwao
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, 3-1 Tanabe-dori, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya 467-8603, Japan.,Educational Research Center for Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, 3-1 Tanabe-dori, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya 467-8603, Japan
| | - Tamihide Matsunaga
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, 3-1 Tanabe-dori, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya 467-8603, Japan.,Educational Research Center for Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, 3-1 Tanabe-dori, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya 467-8603, Japan
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Su X, Wang T, Guo S. Applications of 3D printed bone tissue engineering scaffolds in the stem cell field. Regen Ther 2021; 16:63-72. [PMID: 33598507 PMCID: PMC7868584 DOI: 10.1016/j.reth.2021.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to traffic accidents, injuries, burns, congenital malformations and other reasons, a large number of patients with tissue or organ defects need urgent treatment every year. The shortage of donors, graft rejection and other problems cause a deficient supply for organ and tissue replacement, repair and regeneration of patients, so regenerative medicine came into being. Stem cell therapy plays an important role in the field of regenerative medicine, but it is difficult to fill large tissue defects by injection alone. The scientists combine three-dimensional (3D) printed bone tissue engineering scaffolds with stem cells to achieve the desired effect. These scaffolds can mimic the extracellular matrix (ECM), bone and cartilage, and eventually form functional tissues or organs by providing structural support and promoting attachment, proliferation and differentiation. This paper mainly discussed the applications of 3D printed bone tissue engineering scaffolds in stem cell regenerative medicine. The application examples of different 3D printing technologies and different raw materials are introduced and compared. Then we discuss the superiority of 3D printing technology over traditional methods, put forward some problems and limitations, and look forward to the future.
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Key Words
- 3D printing
- 3D, three-dimensional
- ABS, Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene plastic
- AM, additive manufacturing
- ASCs, adult stem cells
- Alg, alginate
- BCP, biphasic calcium phosphate
- BMSCs, bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells
- Bone tissue engineering
- CAD, computer-aided design
- CAP, cold atmospheric plasma
- CHMA, chitosan methacrylate
- CT, computed tomography
- DCM, dichloromethane
- ECM, extracellular matrix
- ESCs, embryonic stem cells
- FDM, fused deposition molding
- GO, graphene oxide
- HA, hydroxyapatite
- HAp, hydroxyapatite nanoparticles
- HTy, 4-hydroxyphenethyl 2-(4-hydroxyphenyl) acetate
- LDM, Low Temperature Deposition Modeling
- LIPUS, low intensity pulsed ultrasound
- MBG/SA–SA, mesoporous bioactive glass/sodium alginate-sodium alginate
- MSCs, Marrow stem cells
- PC, Polycarbonate
- PCL, polycraprolactone
- PDA, polydopamine
- PED, Precision Extrusion Deposition
- PEG, Polyethylene glycol
- PEGDA, poly (ethylene glycol) diacrylate
- PLGA, poly (lactide-co-glycolide)
- PLLA, poly l-lactide
- PPSU, Polyphenylene sulfone resins
- PRF, platelet-rich fibrin
- PVA, polyvinyl alcohol
- RAD16-I, a soft nanofibrous self-assembling peptide
- SCAPs, human stem cells from the apical papilla
- SF-BG, silk fibroin and silk fibroin-bioactive glass
- SLA, Stereolithography
- SLM, Selective Laser Melting
- STL, standard tessellation language
- Scaffold materials
- Stem cells
- TCP, β-tricalcium phosphate
- dECM, decellularized bovine cartilage extracellular matrix
- hADSC, human adipose derived stem cells
- hMSCs, human mesenchymal stem cells
- iPS, induced pluripotent stem
- pcHμPs, novel self-healable pre-cross- linked hydrogel microparticles
- rBMSCs, rat bone marrow stem cells
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Su
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, 155 North Nanjing Street, Shenyang 110001, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Ting Wang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, 155 North Nanjing Street, Shenyang 110001, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Shu Guo
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, 155 North Nanjing Street, Shenyang 110001, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
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Fang Y, Yang C, Yu Z, Li X, Mu Q, Liao G, Yu B. Natural products as LSD1 inhibitors for cancer therapy. Acta Pharm Sin B 2020; 11:S2211-3835(20)30616-X. [PMID: 32837872 PMCID: PMC7305746 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2020.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 05/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural products generally fall into the biologically relevant chemical space and always possess novel biological activities, thus making them a rich source of lead compounds for new drug discovery. With the recent technological advances, natural product-based drug discovery is now reaching a new era. Natural products have also shown promise in epigenetic drug discovery, some of them have advanced into clinical trials or are presently being used in clinic. The histone lysine specific demethylase 1 (LSD1), an important class of histone demethylases, has fundamental roles in the development of various pathological conditions. Targeting LSD1 has been recognized as a promising therapeutic option for cancer treatment. Notably, some natural products with different chemotypes including protoberberine alkaloids, flavones, polyphenols, and cyclic peptides have shown effectiveness against LSD1. These natural products provide novel scaffolds for developing new LSD1 inhibitors. In this review, we mainly discuss the identification of natural LSD1 inhibitors, analysis of the co-crystal structures of LSD1/natural product complex, antitumor activity and their modes of action. We also briefly discuss the challenges faced in this field. We believe this review will provide a landscape of natural LSD1 inhibitors.
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Key Words
- AML, acute myeloid leukemia
- CCC, cut countercurrent chromatography
- CD11b, integrin alpha M
- CD14, cluster of differentiation 14
- CD86, cluster of differentiation 86
- COVID-19, coronavirus disease
- Cancer therapy
- CoREST, RE1-silencing transcription factor co-repressor
- Drug discovery
- EMT, epithelial–mesenchymal transition
- EVOO, extra virgin olive oil
- EdU, 5-ethynyl-20-deoxyuridine
- Epigenetic regulation
- FAD, flavin adenine dinucleotide
- FDA, U.S. Food and Drug Administration
- GGA, geranylgeranoic acid
- H3K4, histone H3 lysine 4
- H3K9, histone H3 lysine 9
- HDAC, histone deacetylase
- HRP, horseradish peroxidase
- Histone demethylase
- Kt, competitive inhibition constant
- LSD1 inhibitors
- LSD1, lysine-specific histone demethylase 1A
- MAO-A, monoamine oxidase A
- MHC, myosin heavy chain
- MMA, methylmalonic acid
- NAD, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide
- NTRK2, neurotrophic receptor tyrosine kinase 2
- Natural products
- PDX, patient-derived xenograft
- SARS-CoV-2, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
- SARs, structure–activity relationship studies
- SIRT1, sirtuin 1
- SOX2, sex determining region Y-box 2
- SPR, surface plasmon resonance
- TCP, tranylcypromine
- THF, tetrahydrofolate
- Tm, melting temperature
- iPS, induced pluripotent stem
- mRNA, messenger RNA
- siRNA, small interfering RNA
- ΔΨm, mitochondrial transmembrane potential
- α-MG, α-mangostin
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Fang
- Joint Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine of the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Chao Yang
- Institute of Innovation & Application, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, China
| | - Zhiqiang Yu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Xiaochuan Li
- The People's Hospital of Gaozhou, Gaozhou 525200, China
| | - Qingchun Mu
- The People's Hospital of Gaozhou, Gaozhou 525200, China
| | - Guochao Liao
- Joint Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine of the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Bin Yu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
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Latour YL, Yoon R, Thomas SE, Grant C, Li C, Sena-Esteves M, Allende ML, Proia RL, Tifft CJ. Human GLB1 knockout cerebral organoids: A model system for testing AAV9-mediated GLB1 gene therapy for reducing GM1 ganglioside storage in GM1 gangliosidosis. Mol Genet Metab Rep 2019; 21:100513. [PMID: 31534909 PMCID: PMC6744524 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgmr.2019.100513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
GM1 gangliosidosis is an autosomal recessive neurodegenerative disorder caused by the deficiency of lysosomal β-galactosidase (β-gal) and resulting in accumulation of GM1 ganglioside. The disease spectrum ranges from infantile to late onset and is uniformly fatal, with no effective therapy currently available. Although animal models have been useful for understanding disease pathogenesis and exploring therapeutic targets, no relevant human central nervous system (CNS) model system has been available to study its early pathogenic events or test therapies. To develop a model of human GM1 gangliosidosis in the CNS, we employed CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing to target GLB1 exons 2 and 6, common sites for mutations in patients, to create isogenic induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cell lines with lysosomal β-gal deficiency. We screened for clones with <5% of parental cell line β-gal enzyme activity and confirmed GLB1 knockout clones using DNA sequencing. We then generated GLB1 knockout cerebral organoids from one of these GLB1 knockout iPS cell clones. Analysis of GLB1 knockout organoids in culture revealed progressive accumulation of GM1 ganglioside. GLB1 knockout organoids microinjected with AAV9-GLB1 vector showed a significant increase in β-gal activity and a significant reduction in GM1 ganglioside content compared with AAV9-GFP-injected organoids, demonstrating the efficacy of an AAV9 gene therapy-based approach in GM1 gangliosidosis. This proof-of-concept in a human cerebral organoid model completes the pre-clinical studies to advance to clinical trials using the AAV9-GLB1 vector.
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Key Words
- 4MU, 4-methylumbelliferyl
- AAV, adeno-associated virus
- AAV9, AAV serotype 9
- BSA, bovine serum albumin
- CNS, central nervous system
- CPB, citrate phosphate buffer
- EB, embryoid body
- GFP, green fluorescent protein
- HPTLC, high-performance thin-layer chromatography
- PBS, phosphate-buffered saline
- RT-qPCR, real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction
- SD, standard deviation
- X-gal, 5-bromo-4-chloro-3-indolyl-β-D-galactopyranoside
- hiPSC, human induced pluripotent stem cells
- iPS, induced pluripotent stem
- β-gal, β-galactosidase
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvonne L. Latour
- Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Robin Yoon
- Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Sarah E. Thomas
- Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Christina Grant
- Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Cuiling Li
- Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Miguel Sena-Esteves
- Department of Neurology and Gene Therapy Center, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Maria L. Allende
- Genetics of Development and Disease Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Richard L. Proia
- Genetics of Development and Disease Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Cynthia J. Tifft
- Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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Yoshimura Y. Increased error-free DNA repair gene expression through reprogramming in human iPS cells. Regen Ther 2019; 11:101-5. [PMID: 31304203 DOI: 10.1016/j.reth.2019.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2018] [Revised: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 06/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Many studies have reported that human-induced pluripotent stem (hiPS)/embryonic stem (hES) cells have an exceptional ability to repair damaged DNA. Moreover, unlike differentiated cells, hES cells have features and mechanisms such as apoptosis-prone mitochondria, which prevent any changes in genetic information caused by DNA damage to be transmitted to their descendants. Type-A (dark) spermatogonia and cancer stem cells are thought to be dormant. However, hiPS/hES cells, the so-called stem cells used in regenerative medicine, generally have a high proliferative capacity. This suggests that in these cells, oxidative DNA damage associated with vigorous proliferation and DNA scission associated with replication occur frequently. Although pluripotency according to change of genomic structure is well studied, the change of DNA repair through reprogramming has not been well studied. Methods We analyzed the expression of DNA repair-related genes in hiPS cells using microarray and western blotting analyses and assessed changes in PARP activity through reprogramming. Results Through reprogramming, hiPS cells were found to upregulate poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) activity and genes regulating homologous recombination (HR). Simultaneously, the expression level of genes involved in non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) was not high, suggesting that at least at the gene expression level, frequently occurring DNA scission is preferentially dealt with via HR instead of NHEJ. Also, reflecting the high proliferative activity, genes related to mismatch repair (MMR) were upregulated through reprogramming. Conversely, error-prone polymerase was downregulated through reprogramming. These are also likely to be the mechanisms preventing changes in genetic information. Conclusions High PARP activity and HR-related gene expression in hiPS cells were achieved through reprogramming and likely facilitate precise genome editing in these cells in exchange for a high possibility of cell death.
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Kamei N, Adachi N, Ochi M. Magnetic cell delivery for the regeneration of musculoskeletal and neural tissues. Regen Ther 2018; 9:116-119. [PMID: 30525082 PMCID: PMC6222975 DOI: 10.1016/j.reth.2018.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2018] [Revised: 09/21/2018] [Accepted: 10/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Magnetic targeting is a cell delivery system using the magnetic labeling of cells and the magnetic field; it has been developed for minimally invasive cell transplantation. Cell transplantation with both minimal invasiveness and high efficacy on tissue repair can be achieved by this system. Magnetic targeting has been applied for the transplantation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells, blood CD133-positive cells, neural progenitor cells, and induced pluripotent stem cells, and for the regeneration of bone, cartilage, skeletal muscles, and the spinal cord. It enhances the accumulation and adhesion of locally injected cells, resulting in the improvement of tissue regeneration. It is a promising technique for minimally invasive and effective cell transplantation therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naosuke Kamei
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan.,Medical Center for Translational & Clinical Research, Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Nobuo Adachi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Mitsuo Ochi
- President of Hiroshima University, Higashihiroshima, Japan
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Abstract
In vitro models of the human liver are important for the following: (1) mitigating the risk of drug-induced liver injury to human beings, (2) modeling human liver diseases, (3) elucidating the role of single and combinatorial microenvironmental cues on liver cell function, and (4) enabling cell-based therapies in the clinic. Methods to isolate and culture primary human hepatocytes (PHHs), the gold standard for building human liver models, were developed several decades ago; however, PHHs show a precipitous decline in phenotypic functions in 2-dimensional extracellular matrix-coated conventional culture formats, which does not allow chronic treatment with drugs and other stimuli. The development of several engineering tools, such as cellular microarrays, protein micropatterning, microfluidics, biomaterial scaffolds, and bioprinting, now allow precise control over the cellular microenvironment for enhancing the function of both PHHs and induced pluripotent stem cell-derived human hepatocyte-like cells; long-term (4+ weeks) stabilization of hepatocellular function typically requires co-cultivation with liver-derived or non-liver-derived nonparenchymal cell types. In addition, the recent development of liver organoid culture systems can provide a strategy for the enhanced expansion of therapeutically relevant cell types. Here, we discuss advances in engineering approaches for constructing in vitro human liver models that have utility in drug screening and for determining microenvironmental determinants of liver cell differentiation/function. Design features and validation data of representative models are presented to highlight major trends followed by the discussion of pending issues that need to be addressed. Overall, bioengineered liver models have significantly advanced our understanding of liver function and injury, which will prove useful for drug development and ultimately cell-based therapies.
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Key Words
- 3D, 3-dimensional
- BAL, bioartificial liver
- Bioprinting
- CRP, C-reactive protein
- CYP450, cytochrome P450
- Cellular Microarrays
- DILI, drug-induced liver injury
- ECM, extracellular matrix
- HSC, hepatic stellate cell
- Hepatocytes
- IL, interleukin
- KC, Kupffer cell
- LSEC, liver sinusoidal endothelial cell
- MPCC, micropatterned co-culture
- Microfluidics
- Micropatterned Co-Cultures
- NPC, nonparenchymal cell
- PEG, polyethylene glycol
- PHH, primary human hepatocyte
- Spheroids
- iHep, induced pluripotent stem cell-derived human hepatocyte-like cell
- iPS, induced pluripotent stem
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory H. Underhill
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois
| | - Salman R. Khetani
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
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Shineha R, Inoue Y, Ikka T, Kishimoto A, Yashiro Y. Science communication in regenerative medicine: Implications for the role of academic society and science policy. Regen Ther 2017; 7:89-97. [PMID: 30271857 PMCID: PMC6149189 DOI: 10.1016/j.reth.2017.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2017] [Revised: 11/06/2017] [Accepted: 11/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
It is essential to understand the hurdles, motivation, and other issues affecting scientists' active participation in science communication to bridge the gap between science and society. This study analyzed 1115 responses of Japanese scientists regarding their attitudes toward science communication through a questionnaire focusing on the field of stem cell and regenerative medicine. As a result, we found that scientists face systemic issues such as lack of funding, time, opportunities, and evaluation systems for science communication. At the same time, there is a disparity of attitudes toward media discourse between scientists and the public. Scientists face systemic issues: lack of funding, time, opportunities, and evaluation systems. For over 15 years, scientists have continued to face infrastructural issues. The expected counterpart of communication was “policymaker” and “patient or patient group.” There was a difference in scientists' and public responses to media discourses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryuma Shineha
- Seijo University, Seijo 6-1-20, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 157-8511, Japan
| | - Yusuke Inoue
- University of Tokyo, 4-6-1, Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-0071, Japan
| | - Tsunakuni Ikka
- National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, 4-2-2, Ogawa-Higashi, Kodaira, Tokyo 187-8551, Japan
| | - Atsuo Kishimoto
- Osaka University, Yamadaoka 1-1, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yoshimi Yashiro
- Kyoto University, Shogoin Kawaharacho 53, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
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Nishigaki F, Ezoe S, Kitajima H, Hata K. Human resource development contributes to the creation of outstanding regenerative medicine products. Regen Ther 2017; 7:17-23. [PMID: 30271848 PMCID: PMC6134916 DOI: 10.1016/j.reth.2017.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2017] [Accepted: 06/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Regenerative medicine is currently the focus of global attention. Countries all around the world are actively working to create new regenerative treatment modalities through pioneering research and novel technologies. This is wonderful news for patients who could not be treated with existing medical options. New venture businesses and companies are being established in regenerative medicine and their rapid industrialization is anticipated. However, to ensure high-quality products, human resources qualified in research and development and the manufacturing of these products are essential. The Forum for Innovative Regenerative Medicine (FIRM) conducted a questionnaire of its industry members to examine the training and hiring of people in research and development, product creation, manufacturing, and more. Regenerative medicine is a brand new field; thus, many different businesses will need to cooperate together. People with a broad range of technical skills, abilities, and knowledge will be in demand, with various levels of expertise, from basic to advanced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fusako Nishigaki
- Regenerative Medicine Labs., Drug Discovery Research, Astellas Pharma Inc., 21 Miyukigaoka, Tsukuba-shi, Ibaraki 305-8585, Japan
- Forum for Innovative Regenerative Medicine (FIRM), 2-3-11 Nihonbashi-Honcho, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 103-0023, Japan
| | - Sachikon Ezoe
- Department of Medical Innovation, Osaka University Hospital, 2-1, Yamada-Oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hideki Kitajima
- Department of Medical Innovation, Osaka University Hospital, 2-1, Yamada-Oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Kenichiro Hata
- Forum for Innovative Regenerative Medicine (FIRM), 2-3-11 Nihonbashi-Honcho, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 103-0023, Japan
- Japan Tissue Engineering Co., Ltd. (J-TEC), Japan
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10
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Nikolova-Krstevski V, Wagner S, Yu ZY, Cox CD, Cvetkovska J, Hill AP, Huttner IG, Benson V, Werdich AA, MacRae C, Feneley MP, Friedrich O, Martinac B, Fatkin D. Endocardial TRPC-6 Channels Act as Atrial Mechanosensors and Load-Dependent Modulators of Endocardial/Myocardial Cross-Talk. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 2:575-590. [PMID: 30062171 PMCID: PMC6058914 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacbts.2017.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Revised: 03/05/2017] [Accepted: 05/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Mechanoelectrical feedback may increase arrhythmia susceptibility, but the molecular mechanisms are incompletely understood. This study showed that mechanical stretch altered the localization, protein levels, and function of the cation-selective transient receptor potential channel (TRPC)-6 in atrial endocardial cells in humans, pigs, and mice. In endocardial/myocardial cross-talk studies, addition of media from porcine atrial endocardium (AE) cells altered the calcium (Ca2+) transient characteristics of human-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes. These changes did not occur with media from stretched AE cells. Our data suggested that endocardial TRPC-6-dependent paracrine signaling may modulate myocardial Ca2+ homeostasis under basal conditions and protect against stretch-induced atrial arrhythmias.
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Key Words
- AE, atrial endocardium
- AF, atrial fibrillation
- APB, aminoethoxydiphenyl borate
- Ab, antibody
- CM, cardiomyocyte
- Ca2+, calcium
- Dil-Ac-LDL, dil acetylated−low-density lipoprotein
- ET, endothelin
- HUVEC, human umbilical vein endothelial cell
- OAG, 1-oleoyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycerol
- TAC, thoracic aortic constriction
- TRPC, transient receptor potential channel
- Tet, tetanus toxin
- [Ca2+]i, intracellular global Ca2+
- atrial endocardium
- endothelium
- iPS, induced pluripotent stem
- mechanical stretch
- transient receptor potential channels
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Affiliation(s)
- Vesna Nikolova-Krstevski
- Molecular Cardiology and Biophysics Division, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia.,St. Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Kensington, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Soeren Wagner
- Department of Anesthesiology, University Clinic Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Ze Yan Yu
- St. Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Kensington, New South Wales, Australia.,Cardiac Physiology and Transplantation Division, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Charles D Cox
- Molecular Cardiology and Biophysics Division, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jasmina Cvetkovska
- Molecular Cardiology and Biophysics Division, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Adam P Hill
- Molecular Cardiology and Biophysics Division, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia.,St. Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Kensington, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Inken G Huttner
- Molecular Cardiology and Biophysics Division, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia.,St. Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Kensington, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Victoria Benson
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Andreas A Werdich
- Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Calum MacRae
- Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Michael P Feneley
- St. Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Kensington, New South Wales, Australia.,Cardiac Physiology and Transplantation Division, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia.,Cardiology Department, St. Vincent's Hospital, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Oliver Friedrich
- Molecular Cardiology and Biophysics Division, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia.,Institute of Medical Biotechnology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Boris Martinac
- Molecular Cardiology and Biophysics Division, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia.,St. Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Kensington, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Diane Fatkin
- Molecular Cardiology and Biophysics Division, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia.,St. Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Kensington, New South Wales, Australia.,Cardiology Department, St. Vincent's Hospital, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia
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11
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Abstract
Recently, regenerative medicine has become a highlighted field because it has great potential to induce a paradigm shift of supportive conventional therapy into definitive treatment. The cornea is the avascular, transparent, dome-shaped outermost layer of the eyeball, and it consists of three layers: epithelium, stroma, and endothelium. Conventional corneal transplantation, known as keratoplasty, has two main problems, a donor shortage and immunological rejection. Therefore, regenerative medicine has been applied to overcome these challenges. Regenerative medicine involving the corneal epithelium has been clinically applied, along with an understanding of corneal epithelial stem cell biology, earlier than that of the corneal stroma or endothelium. Thus, the effectiveness and safety of cultivated corneal or oral mucosal epithelial cell sheet transplantation have been reported by many researchers. Clinical studies on regenerative medicine for corneal stroma or endothelium have begun after basic and nonclinical study. Translational research has been performed to make corneal regenerative medicine a universal therapy. This article reviews corneal regenerative medicine.
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Key Words
- COMET, cultivated oral mucosal epithelial cell sheet transplantation
- Cornea
- GAG, glycosaminoglycan
- LEC, limbal epithelial crypts
- LSCD, limbal stem-cell deficiency
- PMD Act, Act on Securing Quality, Efficacy and Safety of Pharmaceuticals, Medical Devices, Regenerative and Cellular Therapy Products, Gene Therapy Products, and Cosmetics (PMD Act)
- Regenerative medicine
- Translational research
- iPS, induced pluripotent stem
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kohji Nishida
- Corresponding author. Tel.: +81 6 6879 3451; fax: +81 6 6879 3458.
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12
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Takahashi Y, Takebe T, Taniguchi H. Engineering pancreatic tissues from stem cells towards therapy. Regen Ther 2016; 3:15-23. [PMID: 31245468 PMCID: PMC6581807 DOI: 10.1016/j.reth.2016.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2015] [Revised: 12/17/2015] [Accepted: 01/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic islet transplantation is performed as a potential treatment for type 1 diabetes mellitus. However, this approach is significantly limited due to the critical shortage of islet sources. Recently, a number of publications have developed protocols for directed β-cell differentiation of pluripotent cells, such as embryonic stem (ES) or induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells. Decades of studies have led to the development of modified protocols that recapitulate molecular developmental cues by combining various growth factors and small molecules with improved efficiency. However, the later step of pancreatic differentiation into functional β-cells has yet to be satisfactory in vitro, highlighting alternative approach by recapitulating spatiotemporal multicellular interaction in three-dimensional (3D) culture. Here, we summarize recent progress in the directed differentiation into pancreatic β-cells with a focus on both two-dimensional (2D) and 3D differentiation settings. We also discuss the potential transplantation strategies in combination with current bioengineering approaches towards diabetes therapy. Transplantation of stem cell derived pancreatic progenitors is a possible approach for generating mature β-cell in vivo. Promise of 3-D (or 4-D) culture has started to be explored by reconstituting pancreatic tissue structures. Self-condensation culture is a basic technique of integrating multiple heterotypic lineages including vasculatures. Bioengineering approach has been combined for developing effective transplant strategies.
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Key Words
- 2D, two-dimensional
- 3D, three-dimensional
- BMP, bone morphogenic protein
- Diabetes
- ES, embryonic stem
- FGF, fibroblast growth factors
- Heterotypic cellular interaction
- IBMIR, instant blood-mediated reaction
- ILV, indolactam V
- Ngn3, neurogenin 3
- PEG, polyethylene glycol
- PI3K, phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase
- PIPAAm, poly-N-isopropylacrylamide
- PVA, polyvinyl alcohol
- Pancreas
- Pdx1, pancreatic and duodenal homeobox 1
- Ptf1a, pancreatic transcription factor 1a
- Regenerative medicine
- VEGF, vascular endothelial growth factor
- Vascularization
- iPS, induced pluripotent stem
- iPS/ES cell
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshinobu Takahashi
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Kanazawa-ku 3-9, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 236-0004, Japan
| | - Takanori Takebe
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Kanazawa-ku 3-9, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 236-0004, Japan.,Advanced Medical Research Center, Yokohama City University, Kanazawa-ku 3-9, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 236-0004, Japan.,PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Agency, 4-1-8, Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama, 332-0012, Japan.,Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH, 45229- 3039, USA
| | - Hideki Taniguchi
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Kanazawa-ku 3-9, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 236-0004, Japan.,Advanced Medical Research Center, Yokohama City University, Kanazawa-ku 3-9, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 236-0004, Japan
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13
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Abstract
A significant portion of the mammalian genome encodes numerous transcripts that are not translated into proteins, termed long non-coding RNAs. Initial studies identifying long non-coding RNAs inferred these RNA sequences were a consequence of transcriptional noise or promiscuous RNA polymerase II activity. However, the last decade has seen a revolution in the understanding of regulation and function of long non-coding RNAs. Now it has become apparent that long non-coding RNAs play critical roles in a wide variety of biological processes. In this review, we describe the current understanding of long non-coding RNA-mediated regulation of cellular processes: differentiation, development, and disease.
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Key Words
- Bvht, braveheart
- CDT, C-terminal domain
- DBE-T, D4Z4-binding element
- DMD, Duchenne muscular dystrophy
- ES, embryonic stem
- FSHD, facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy
- Fendrr, Foxf1a called fetal-lethal non-coding developmental regulatory RNA
- MEF2, myocyte enhancer factor-2
- MRFs, myogenic regulatory factors
- Malat1, metastasis associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1
- Mesp1, mesoderm progenitor 1
- Neat2, nuclear-enriched abundant transcript 2
- PRC2, polycomb group repressive complex 2
- RNAP II, RNA polymerase II
- SINE, short interspersed element
- SR, serine arginine
- SRA, steroid receptor activator
- SRY, sex-determining region Y
- YAM 1-4, YY1-associated muscle 1-4
- ceRNAs, competing endogenous RNAs
- ciRS-7, circular RNA sponge for miR-7
- development
- differentiation
- disease
- gene expression
- iPS, induced pluripotent stem
- lncRNAs, long non-coding RNAs
- long non-coding RNAs
- ncRNAa, non-coding RNA activating
- skeletal muscle
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Affiliation(s)
- Bijan K Dey
- a Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics ; University of Virginia School of Medicine ; Charlottesville , VA USA
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