1
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Wang Y, Liu B, Li F, Zhang Y, Gao X, Wang Y, Zhou H. The connection between tricarboxylic acid cycle enzyme mutations and pseudohypoxic signaling in pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1274239. [PMID: 37867526 PMCID: PMC10585109 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1274239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Pheochromocytomas and paragangliomas (PPGLs) are rare neuroendocrine tumors originating from chromaffin cells, holding significant clinical importance due to their capacity for excessive catecholamine secretion and associated cardiovascular complications. Roughly 80% of cases are associated with genetic mutations. Based on the functionality of these mutated genes, PPGLs can be categorized into distinct molecular clusters: the pseudohypoxia signaling cluster (Cluster-1), the kinase signaling cluster (Cluster-2), and the WNT signaling cluster (Cluster-3). A pivotal factor in the pathogenesis of PPGLs is hypoxia-inducible factor-2α (HIF2α), which becomes upregulated even under normoxic conditions, activating downstream transcriptional processes associated with pseudohypoxia. This adaptation provides tumor cells with a growth advantage and enhances their ability to thrive in adverse microenvironments. Moreover, pseudohypoxia disrupts immune cell communication, leading to the development of an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. Within Cluster-1a, metabolic perturbations are particularly pronounced. Mutations in enzymes associated with the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, such as succinate dehydrogenase (SDHx), fumarate hydratase (FH), isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH), and malate dehydrogenase type 2 (MDH2), result in the accumulation of critical oncogenic metabolic intermediates. Notable among these intermediates are succinate, fumarate, and 2-hydroxyglutarate (2-HG), which promote activation of the HIFs signaling pathway through various mechanisms, thus inducing pseudohypoxia and facilitating tumorigenesis. SDHx mutations are prevalent in PPGLs, disrupting mitochondrial function and causing succinate accumulation, which competitively inhibits α-ketoglutarate-dependent dioxygenases. Consequently, this leads to global hypermethylation, epigenetic changes, and activation of HIFs. In FH-deficient cells, fumarate accumulation leads to protein succination, impacting cell function. FH mutations also trigger metabolic reprogramming towards glycolysis and lactate synthesis. IDH1/2 mutations generate D-2HG, inhibiting α-ketoglutarate-dependent dioxygenases and stabilizing HIFs. Similarly, MDH2 mutations are associated with HIF stability and pseudohypoxic response. Understanding the intricate relationship between metabolic enzyme mutations in the TCA cycle and pseudohypoxic signaling is crucial for unraveling the pathogenesis of PPGLs and developing targeted therapies. This knowledge enhances our comprehension of the pivotal role of cellular metabolism in PPGLs and holds implications for potential therapeutic advancements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxiong Wang
- Department of Urology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Bin Liu
- Department of Urology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Faping Li
- Department of Urology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Yanghe Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Xin Gao
- Department of Urology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Yishu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Honglan Zhou
- Department of Urology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
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2
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Li J, Wang Y, Deng H, Li S, Qiu HJ. Cellular metabolism hijacked by viruses for immunoevasion: potential antiviral targets. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1228811. [PMID: 37559723 PMCID: PMC10409484 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1228811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Cellular metabolism plays a central role in the regulation of both innate and adaptive immunity. Immune cells utilize metabolic pathways to modulate the cellular differentiation or death. The intricate interplay between metabolism and immune response is critical for maintaining homeostasis and effective antiviral activities. In recent years, immunometabolism induced by viral infections has been extensively investigated, and accumulating evidence has indicated that cellular metabolism can be hijacked to facilitate viral replication. Generally, virus-induced changes in cellular metabolism lead to the reprogramming of metabolites and metabolic enzymes in different pathways (glucose, lipid, and amino acid metabolism). Metabolic reprogramming affects the function of immune cells, regulates the expression of immune molecules and determines cell fate. Therefore, it is important to explore the effector molecules with immunomodulatory properties, including metabolites, metabolic enzymes, and other immunometabolism-related molecules as the antivirals. This review summarizes the relevant advances in the field of metabolic reprogramming induced by viral infections, providing novel insights for the development of antivirals.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Su Li
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, National African Swine Fever Para-reference Laboratory, National High Containment Facilities for Animal Diseases Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Hua-Ji Qiu
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, National African Swine Fever Para-reference Laboratory, National High Containment Facilities for Animal Diseases Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
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3
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Tang F, Wang DW, Xi C, Yang JZ, Liu ZY, Yu DH, Wang ZF, Li ZQ. Local and systemic effects of IDH mutations on primary glioma patients. Immunology 2023. [PMID: 37054988 DOI: 10.1111/imm.13649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2023] [Indexed: 04/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Adult gliomas are divided into isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) wild-type and IDH mutant subtypes according to the new 2021 World Health Organization classification system. However, the local and systemic effects of IDH mutations on primary glioma patients are not well illustrated. Retrospective analysis, immune-cell infiltration analysis, meta-analysis, and immunohistochemistry assay were applied in the present study. The results from our cohort showed that IDH mutant gliomas own a lower proliferating rate compared to that in wild-type gliomas. Patients with mutant IDH exhibited a higher frequency of seizures in both our cohort and the cohort from the meta-analysis. Mutations in IDH result in lower levels of intra-tumour but higher levels of circulating CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes. Levels of neutrophils in both intra-tumour and circulating blood were lower in IDH mutant gliomas. Moreover, IDH mutant glioma patients receiving radiotherapy in combination with chemotherapy exhibited better overall survival with respect to radiotherapy alone. Mutations in IDH alters the local and circulating immune microenvironment, and increases the sensitivity of tumour cell to chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Tang
- Brain Glioma Center & Department of Neurosurgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Dan-Wen Wang
- Brain Glioma Center & Department of Neurosurgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Chen Xi
- Brain Glioma Center & Department of Neurosurgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Jin-Zhou Yang
- Brain Glioma Center & Department of Neurosurgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Zhen-Yuan Liu
- Brain Glioma Center & Department of Neurosurgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Dong-Hu Yu
- Brain Glioma Center & Department of Neurosurgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Ze-Fen Wang
- Department of Physiology, Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Zhi-Qiang Li
- Brain Glioma Center & Department of Neurosurgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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Niu N, Ye J, Hu Z, Zhang J, Wang Y. Regulative Roles of Metabolic Plasticity Caused by Mitochondrial Oxidative Phosphorylation and Glycolysis on the Initiation and Progression of Tumorigenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24087076. [PMID: 37108242 PMCID: PMC10139088 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
One important feature of tumour development is the regulatory role of metabolic plasticity in maintaining the balance of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation and glycolysis in cancer cells. In recent years, the transition and/or function of metabolic phenotypes between mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation and glycolysis in tumour cells have been extensively studied. In this review, we aimed to elucidate the characteristics of metabolic plasticity (emphasizing their effects, such as immune escape, angiogenesis migration, invasiveness, heterogeneity, adhesion, and phenotypic properties of cancers, among others) on tumour progression, including the initiation and progression phases. Thus, this article provides an overall understanding of the influence of abnormal metabolic remodeling on malignant proliferation and pathophysiological changes in carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Niu
- Shenzhen Engineering Labortaory for Marine Algal Biotechnology, Longhua Innovation Institute for Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Lihu Campus of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518055, China
- College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Canghai Campus of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Jinfeng Ye
- Shenzhen Engineering Labortaory for Marine Algal Biotechnology, Longhua Innovation Institute for Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Lihu Campus of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Zhangli Hu
- Shenzhen Engineering Labortaory for Marine Algal Biotechnology, Longhua Innovation Institute for Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Lihu Campus of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Junbin Zhang
- Shenzhen Engineering Labortaory for Marine Algal Biotechnology, Longhua Innovation Institute for Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Lihu Campus of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yun Wang
- Shenzhen Engineering Labortaory for Marine Algal Biotechnology, Longhua Innovation Institute for Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Lihu Campus of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518055, China
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Liu Y, Xu W, Li M, Yang Y, Sun D, Chen L, Li H, Chen L. The regulatory mechanisms and inhibitors of isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 in cancer. Acta Pharm Sin B 2023; 13:1438-1466. [PMID: 37139412 PMCID: PMC10149907 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2022.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Reprogramming of energy metabolism is one of the basic characteristics of cancer and has been proved to be an important cancer treatment strategy. Isocitrate dehydrogenases (IDHs) are a class of key proteins in energy metabolism, including IDH1, IDH2, and IDH3, which are involved in the oxidative decarboxylation of isocitrate to yield α-ketoglutarate (α-KG). Mutants of IDH1 or IDH2 can produce d-2-hydroxyglutarate (D-2HG) with α-KG as the substrate, and then mediate the occurrence and development of cancer. At present, no IDH3 mutation has been reported. The results of pan-cancer research showed that IDH1 has a higher mutation frequency and involves more cancer types than IDH2, implying IDH1 as a promising anti-cancer target. Therefore, in this review, we summarized the regulatory mechanisms of IDH1 on cancer from four aspects: metabolic reprogramming, epigenetics, immune microenvironment, and phenotypic changes, which will provide guidance for the understanding of IDH1 and exploring leading-edge targeted treatment strategies. In addition, we also reviewed available IDH1 inhibitors so far. The detailed clinical trial results and diverse structures of preclinical candidates illustrated here will provide a deep insight into the research for the treatment of IDH1-related cancers.
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Tang F, Pan Z, Wang Y, Lan T, Wang M, Li F, Quan W, Liu Z, Wang Z, Li Z. Advances in the Immunotherapeutic Potential of Isocitrate Dehydrogenase Mutations in Glioma. Neurosci Bull 2022; 38:1069-1084. [PMID: 35670952 PMCID: PMC9468211 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-022-00866-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) is an essential metabolic enzyme in the tricarboxylic acid cycle (TAC). The high mutation frequency of the IDH gene plays a complicated role in gliomas. In addition to affecting gliomas directly, mutations in IDH can also alter their immune microenvironment and can change immune-cell function in direct and indirect ways. IDH mutations mediate immune-cell infiltration and function by modulating immune-checkpoint gene expression and chemokine secretion. In addition, IDH mutation-derived D2-hydroxyglutarate can be absorbed by surrounding immune cells, also affecting their functioning. In this review, we summarize current knowledge about the effects of IDH mutations as well as other gene mutations on the immune microenvironment of gliomas. We also describe recent preclinical and clinical data related to IDH-mutant inhibitors for the treatment of gliomas. Finally, we discuss different types of immunotherapy and the immunotherapeutic potential of IDH mutations in gliomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Tang
- Brain Glioma Center and Department of Neurosurgery, Wuhan University Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Zhiyong Pan
- Brain Glioma Center and Department of Neurosurgery, Wuhan University Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Physiology, Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Tian Lan
- Brain Glioma Center and Department of Neurosurgery, Wuhan University Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Mengyue Wang
- Department of Physiology, Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Fengping Li
- Brain Glioma Center and Department of Neurosurgery, Wuhan University Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Wei Quan
- Brain Glioma Center and Department of Neurosurgery, Wuhan University Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Zhenyuan Liu
- Brain Glioma Center and Department of Neurosurgery, Wuhan University Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Zefen Wang
- Department of Physiology, Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China.
| | - Zhiqiang Li
- Brain Glioma Center and Department of Neurosurgery, Wuhan University Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan, 430071, China.
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7
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IDH1 Mutation Induces HIF-1α and Confers Angiogenic Properties in Chondrosarcoma JJ012 Cells. DISEASE MARKERS 2022; 2022:7729968. [PMID: 35198082 PMCID: PMC8860547 DOI: 10.1155/2022/7729968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Chondrosarcoma is a group of primary bone cancers that arise from transformed cells of chondrocytic lineage. Tumor recurrence and metastasis are devastating for patients with chondrosarcoma since there are no effective treatment options. IDH mutations occur in over 50% of tumors from patients with conventional or dedifferentiated chondrosarcomas and represent an attractive target for therapy. However, their role in the pathogenesis of chondrosarcoma remains largely unknown. In this study, we sought to determine the association of IDH mutation and HIF-1α in chondrosarcoma. We used the chondrosarcoma JJ012 cell line and its derived CRISPR/Cas9 mutant IDH1 (IDH1mut) knockout (KO) cells. RNA-Seq data analysis revealed downregulation of several HIF-1α target genes upon loss of IDH1mut. This was associated with reduced HIF-1α levels in the IDH1mut KO cells and tumors. Loss of IDH1mut also attenuated the expression of angiogenic markers in tumor tissues and abrogated the angiogenic capacity of JJ012 cells. Moreover, we observed that exogenous expression of HIF-1α significantly promoted anchorage-independent colony-formation by IDH1mut KO cells. These results suggest IDH1 mutation confers angiogenic and tumorigenic properties of JJ012 cells by inducing HIF-1α. Thus, the HIF pathway represents a promising candidate for combinatorial regimens to target IDH1 mutated chondrosarcomas.
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8
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Domènech M, Hernández A, Plaja A, Martínez-Balibrea E, Balañà C. Hypoxia: The Cornerstone of Glioblastoma. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:12608. [PMID: 34830491 PMCID: PMC8620858 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222212608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma is the most aggressive form of brain tumor in adults and is characterized by the presence of hypervascularization and necrosis, both caused by a hypoxic microenvironment. In this review, we highlight that hypoxia-induced factor 1 (HIF-1), the main factor activated by hypoxia, is an important driver of tumor progression in GB patients. HIF-1α is a transcription factor regulated by the presence or absence of O2. The expression of HIF-1 has been related to high-grade gliomas and aggressive tumor behavior. HIF-1 promotes tumor progression via the activation of angiogenesis, immunosuppression, and metabolic reprogramming, promoting cell invasion and survival. Moreover, in GB, HIF-1 is not solely modulated by oxygen but also by oncogenic signaling pathways, such as MAPK/ERK, p53, and PI3K/PTEN. Therefore, the inhibition of the hypoxia pathway could represent an important treatment alternative in a disease with very few therapy options. Here, we review the roles of HIF-1 in GB progression and the inhibitors that have been studied thus far, with the aim of shedding light on this devastating disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Domènech
- B·ARGO (Badalona Applied Research Group of Oncology) Medical Oncology Department, Catalan Institute of Oncology Badalona, 08916 Badalona, Spain; (M.D.); (A.H.); (A.P.)
| | - Ainhoa Hernández
- B·ARGO (Badalona Applied Research Group of Oncology) Medical Oncology Department, Catalan Institute of Oncology Badalona, 08916 Badalona, Spain; (M.D.); (A.H.); (A.P.)
| | - Andrea Plaja
- B·ARGO (Badalona Applied Research Group of Oncology) Medical Oncology Department, Catalan Institute of Oncology Badalona, 08916 Badalona, Spain; (M.D.); (A.H.); (A.P.)
| | - Eva Martínez-Balibrea
- Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP), ProCURE Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology, 08916 Badalona, Spain;
| | - Carmen Balañà
- B·ARGO (Badalona Applied Research Group of Oncology) Medical Oncology Department, Catalan Institute of Oncology Badalona, 08916 Badalona, Spain; (M.D.); (A.H.); (A.P.)
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9
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Lemasters JJ. Metabolic implications of non-electrogenic ATP/ADP exchange in cancer cells: A mechanistic basis for the Warburg effect. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. BIOENERGETICS 2021; 1862:148410. [PMID: 33722515 PMCID: PMC8096716 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2021.148410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
In post-mitotic cells, mitochondrial ATP/ADP exchange occurs by the adenine nucleotide translocator (ANT). Driven by membrane potential (ΔΨ), ANT catalyzes electrogenic exchange of ATP4- for ADP3-, leading to higher ATP/ADP ratios in the cytosol than mitochondria. In cancer cells, ATP/ADP exchange occurs not by ANT but likely via the non-electrogenic ATP-Mg/phosphate carrier. Consequences of non-electrogenic exchange are: 1) Cytosolic ATP/ADP decreases to stimulate aerobic glycolysis. 2) Without proton utilization for exchange, ATP/O increases by 35% for complete glucose oxidation. 3) Decreased cytosolic ATP/ADPPi increases NAD(P)H/NAD(P)+. Increased NADH increases lactate/pyruvate, and increased NADPH promotes anabolic metabolism. Fourth, increased mitochondrial NADH/NAD+ magnifies the redox span across Complexes I and III, which increases ΔΨ, reactive oxygen species generation, and susceptibility to ferroptosis. 5) Increased mitochondrial NADPH/NADP+ favors a reverse isocitrate dehydrogenase-2 reaction with citrate accumulation and export for biomass formation. Consequently, 2-oxoglutarate formation occurs largely via oxidation of glutamine, the preferred respiratory substrate of cancer cells. Overall, non-electrogenic ATP/ADP exchange promotes aerobic glycolysis (Warburg effect) and confers specific growth advantages to cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- John J Lemasters
- Center for Cell Death, Injury & Regeneration, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, United States of America; Department of Drug Discovery & Biomedical Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, United States of America; Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, United States of America.
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10
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Bao X, Zhang J, Huang G, Yan J, Xu C, Dou Z, Sun C, Zhang H. The crosstalk between HIFs and mitochondrial dysfunctions in cancer development. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:215. [PMID: 33637686 PMCID: PMC7910460 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-03505-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria are essential cellular organelles that are involved in regulating cellular energy, metabolism, survival, and proliferation. To some extent, cancer is a genetic and metabolic disease that is closely associated with mitochondrial dysfunction. Hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs), which are major molecules that respond to hypoxia, play important roles in cancer development by participating in multiple processes, such as metabolism, proliferation, and angiogenesis. The Warburg phenomenon reflects a pseudo-hypoxic state that activates HIF-1α. In addition, a product of the Warburg effect, lactate, also induces HIF-1α. However, Warburg proposed that aerobic glycolysis occurs due to a defect in mitochondria. Moreover, both HIFs and mitochondrial dysfunction can lead to complex reprogramming of energy metabolism, including reduced mitochondrial oxidative metabolism, increased glucose uptake, and enhanced anaerobic glycolysis. Thus, there may be a connection between HIFs and mitochondrial dysfunction. In this review, we systematically discuss the crosstalk between HIFs and mitochondrial dysfunctions in cancer development. Above all, the stability and activity of HIFs are closely influenced by mitochondrial dysfunction related to tricarboxylic acid cycle, electron transport chain components, mitochondrial respiration, and mitochondrial-related proteins. Furthermore, activation of HIFs can lead to mitochondrial dysfunction by affecting multiple mitochondrial functions, including mitochondrial oxidative capacity, biogenesis, apoptosis, fission, and autophagy. In general, the regulation of tumorigenesis and development by HIFs and mitochondrial dysfunction are part of an extensive and cooperative network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingting Bao
- Department of Medical Physics, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- Advanced Energy Science and Technology Guangdong Laboratory, Guangdong, China
- Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- School of Nuclear Science and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 101408, Beijing, China
| | - Jinhua Zhang
- Department of Medical Physics, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- Advanced Energy Science and Technology Guangdong Laboratory, Guangdong, China
- Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- School of Nuclear Science and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 101408, Beijing, China
| | - Guomin Huang
- Department of Medical Physics, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- Advanced Energy Science and Technology Guangdong Laboratory, Guangdong, China
- Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- School of Nuclear Science and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 101408, Beijing, China
| | - Junfang Yan
- Department of Medical Physics, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- Advanced Energy Science and Technology Guangdong Laboratory, Guangdong, China
- Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- School of Nuclear Science and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 101408, Beijing, China
| | - Caipeng Xu
- Department of Medical Physics, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- Advanced Energy Science and Technology Guangdong Laboratory, Guangdong, China
- Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- School of Nuclear Science and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 101408, Beijing, China
| | - Zhihui Dou
- Department of Medical Physics, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- Advanced Energy Science and Technology Guangdong Laboratory, Guangdong, China
- Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- School of Nuclear Science and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 101408, Beijing, China
| | - Chao Sun
- Department of Medical Physics, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China.
- Advanced Energy Science and Technology Guangdong Laboratory, Guangdong, China.
- Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China.
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
- School of Nuclear Science and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 101408, Beijing, China.
| | - Hong Zhang
- Department of Medical Physics, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China.
- Advanced Energy Science and Technology Guangdong Laboratory, Guangdong, China.
- Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China.
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
- School of Nuclear Science and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 101408, Beijing, China.
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Khan GJ, Sun L, Abbas M, Naveed M, Jamshaid T, Baig MMFA, Yuan S. In-vitro Pre-Treatment of Cancer Cells with TGF-β1: A Novel Approach of Tail Vein Lung Cancer Metastasis Mouse Model for Anti-Metastatic Studies. Curr Mol Pharmacol 2019; 12:249-260. [DOI: 10.2174/1874467212666190306165703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Revised: 02/10/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Background:
Aggressive behavior of tumor metastasis comes from certain mutations,
changes in cellular metabolic and signaling pathways that are majorly altered by tumor microenvironment
(TME), its other components and growth factors like transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1)
which is chiefly known for its epithelial to mesenchymal transformation (EMT). EMT is a critical step
of metastasis cascade in actual human lung cancer scenario.
Objective:
Our present study is focused on unveiling the in-vivo metastatic behavior of TGF-β1 treated
lung cancer cells that undergo EMT.
Methods:
The lung cancer epithelial A549 cells were treated in-vitro with TGF-β1 (3-5ng/ml for 72 h)
for EMT. After confirming the transformation of cells by phenotype modifications, wound healing and
cell migration assay and qRT-PCR analyses of EMT biomarkers including E. Cadherin, Vimentin,
Snail, Slug, MMP2 and MMP9; those TGF-β1 modified cells were probed with fluorescent trackers and
were injected into the tail vein of BALB/c nude mice for metastatic dissemination studies.
Results:
Our findings indicate that the distribution of TGF-β1 treated A549 cells as compared to W.T
A549 towards lungs is less in terms of total relative fluorescent cluster count, however, the difference is
insignificant (52±4, 60±5 respectively). Additionally, we show that TGF-β1 treated cells tend to metastasize
almost 2, 3, 1.5, 2 and 1.7 times more than W.T towards liver, brain, ovaries, bones and adrenal
gland, respectively, which is very much like human lung cancer metastasis.
Conclusion:
Conclusively, it is the first study ever reporting that a pre-treatment of cells with TGF-β1
for experimental lung cancer metastasis mouse model may portray a more precise approach for the
development of potential therapeutic treatments. Additional pre-treatment studies with the application
of other TME conditions like hypoxia and factors like NFκB, VEGF etc. may be a future prospect to
develop a better understanding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghulam Jilany Khan
- Jiangsu key laboratory of Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Li Sun
- Jiangsu key laboratory of Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Muhammad Abbas
- State key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University, 210023, Nanjing, China
| | - Muhammad Naveed
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, 211166, Nanjing, China
| | - Talha Jamshaid
- Department of Pharmaceutics, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | | | - Shengtao Yuan
- Jiangsu key laboratory of Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
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To be Wild or Mutant: Role of Isocitrate Dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1) and 2-Hydroxy Glutarate (2-HG) in Gliomagenesis and Treatment Outcome in Glioma. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2019; 40:53-63. [PMID: 31485826 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-019-00730-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Molecular and clinical research based on isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) mutations is much sought after in glioma research since a decade of its discovery in 2008. IDH enzyme normally catalyzes isocitrate to α-keto-glutarate (α-KG), but once the gene is mutated it produces an 'oncometabolite', 2-hydroxyglutarate (2-HG). 2-HG is proposed to inhibit α-KG-dependent dioxygenases and also blocks cellular differentiation. Here, we discuss the role of the IDH1 mutation in gliomagenesis. The review also focuses on the effect of 2-HG on glioma epigenetics, the cellular signaling involved in IDH1 mutant glioma cells and the therapeutic response seen in mutant IDH1(mIDH1) harboring glioma patients in comparison to the patients with wild-type IDH1. The review encompasses the debatable impacts of the mutation on immune microenvironment a propos of various mIDH1 inhibitors in practice or in trials. Recent studies revealing the relation of IDH mutation with the immune microenvironment and inflammatory status in untreated versus treated glioblastoma patients are highlighted with respect to prospective therapeutic targets. Also at the molecular level, the association of mIDH1/2-HG with the intracellular components such as mitochondria and other neighboring cells is discussed.
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Abbas M, Ahmed A, Khan GJ, Baig MMFA, Naveed M, Mikrani R, Cao T, Naeem S, Shi M, Dingding C. Clinical evaluation of carcinoembryonic and carbohydrate antigens as cancer biomarkers to monitor palliative chemotherapy in advanced stage gastric cancer. Curr Probl Cancer 2018; 43:5-17. [PMID: 30172422 DOI: 10.1016/j.currproblcancer.2018.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2018] [Revised: 07/19/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), carbohydrate antigen (CA)-125, CA19-9, and CA72-4 are often found modulated parameters in gastric cancer. OBJECTIVE Our present study is focused to evaluate the synchronization of these biomarkers in response to palliative chemotherapy. METHOD A retrospective study was conducted on 216 gastric cancer patients undergoing first-line cisplatin chemotherapy along with antiangiogenic regimen. Blood samples were taken and analyzed biochemically and statistically. RESULTS Progression occurred in 78 of 216 patients and the median progression-free survival (PFS) was 5 months. For serum CEA, the median PFS was 4 versus 7 months for elevated and normal groups respectively (P = 0.01). The median PFS for normal and elevated CA19-9 and CA72-4 was 6 vs 4 months respectively (P = 0.001). In the multivariate Cox regression model, elevated pretreatment level of CEA, CA19-9, and distant metastases were independent factors associated with increased risk of progression (P = 0.021, P = 0.000, P = 0.006, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Conclusively, elevated pretreatment level of CEA and CA19-9 is correlated with high risk of progression and worse prognosis. Moreover, an additional antiangiogenic therapy is more effective in decreasing cancer biomarker level after palliative chemotherapy that may be correlated with therapeutic triumph.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Abbas
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, PR China; Department of Oncology, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu institute of cancer research, Nanjing medical university affiliated cancer hospital Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Abrar Ahmed
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, PR China; Department of Oncology, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu institute of cancer research, Nanjing medical university affiliated cancer hospital Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Ghulam Jilany Khan
- Jiangsu key laboratory of Drug Screening, Evaluation and Pharmacodynamics Research, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, PR China; Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Pharmacy (FOP), University of Central Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan; State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, PR China.
| | - Mirza Muhammad Faran Ashraf Baig
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Muhammad Naveed
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Reyaj Mikrani
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Tengli Cao
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Shagufta Naeem
- Department of Pathology, Ayub Medical College, Abbottabad, Pakistan.
| | - Meiqi Shi
- Department of Oncology, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu institute of cancer research, Nanjing medical university affiliated cancer hospital Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu, PR China.
| | - Chen Dingding
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, PR China.
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Abbas M, Faggian A, Sintali DN, Khan GJ, Naeem S, Shi M, Dingding C. Current and future biomarkers in gastric cancer. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 103:1688-1700. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.04.178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2018] [Revised: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
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