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Liang H, Ma Z, Zhong W, Liu J, Sugimoto K, Chen H. Regulation of mitophagy and mitochondrial function: Natural compounds as potential therapeutic strategies for Parkinson's disease. Phytother Res 2024; 38:1838-1862. [PMID: 38356178 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.8156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 01/27/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Mitochondrial damage is associated with the development of Parkinson's disease (PD), indicating that mitochondrial-targeted treatments could hold promise as disease-modifying approaches for PD. Notably, natural compounds have demonstrated the ability to modulate mitochondrial-related processes. In this review article, we discussed the possible neuroprotective mechanisms of natural compounds against PD in modulating mitophagy and mitochondrial function. A comprehensive literature search on natural compounds related to the treatment of PD by regulating mitophagy and mitochondrial function was conducted from PubMed, Web of Science and Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure databases from their inception until April 2023. We summarize recent advancements in mitophagy's molecular mechanisms, including upstream and downstream processes, and its relationship with PD-related genes or proteins. Importantly, we highlight how natural compounds can therapeutically regulate various mitochondrial processes through multiple targets and pathways to alleviate oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, Lewy's body aggregation and apoptosis, which are key contributors to PD pathogenesis. Unlike the single-target strategy of modern medicine, natural compounds provide neuroprotection against PD by modulating various mitochondrial-related processes, including ameliorating mitophagy by targeting the PINK1/parkin pathway, the NIX/BNIP3 pathway, and autophagosome formation (i.e., LC3 and p62). Given the prevalence of mitochondrial damage in various neurodegenerative diseases, exploring the exact mechanism of natural compounds on mitophagy and mitochondrial dysfunction could shed light on the development of highly effective disease-modifying or adjuvant therapies targeting PD and other neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Liang
- Department of Acupuncture, Heilongjiang Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Zhenwang Ma
- Department of Acupuncture, Heilongjiang Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Wei Zhong
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Affiliated Qiqihar Hospital, Southern Medical University, Qiqihar, China
| | - Jia Liu
- Department of Neurology, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Kazuo Sugimoto
- Department of Neurology, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Hong Chen
- Department of Acupuncture, Heilongjiang Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
- Department of TCM Geriatric, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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2
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Sasikumar DSN, Thiruselvam P, Sundararajan V, Ravindran R, Gunasekaran S, Madathil D, Kaliamurthi S, Peslherbe GH, Selvaraj G, Sudhakaran SL. Insights into dietary phytochemicals targeting Parkinson's disease key genes and pathways: A network pharmacology approach. Comput Biol Med 2024; 172:108195. [PMID: 38460310 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2024.108195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/11/2024]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a complex neurological disease associated with the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons. Oxidative stress is a key player in instigating apoptosis in dopaminergic neurons. To improve the survival of neurons many dietary phytochemicals have gathered significant attention recently. Thus, the present study implements a comprehensive network pharmacology approach to unravel the mechanisms of action of dietary phytochemicals that benefit disease management. A literature search was performed to identify ligands (i.e., comprising dietary phytochemicals and Food and Drug Administration pre-approved PD drugs) in the PubMed database. Targets associated with selected ligands were extracted from the search tool for interactions of chemicals (STITCH) database. Then, the construction of a gene-gene interaction (GGI) network, analysis of hub-gene, functional and pathway enrichment, associated transcription factors, miRNAs, ligand-target interaction network, docking were performed using various bioinformatics tools together with molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. The database search resulted in 69 ligands and 144 unique targets. GGI and subsequent topological measures indicate histone acetyltransferase p300 (EP300), mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 (MAPK1) or extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)2, and CREB-binding protein (CREBBP) as hub genes. Neurodegeneration, MAPK signaling, apoptosis, and zinc binding are key pathways and gene ontology terms. hsa-miR-5692a and SCNA gene-associated transcription factors interact with all the 3 hub genes. Ligand-target interaction (LTI) network analysis suggest rasagiline and baicalein as candidate ligands targeting MAPK1. Rasagiline and baicalein form stable complexes with the Y205, K330, and V173 residues of MAPK1. Computational molecular insights suggest that baicalein and rasagiline are promising preclinical candidates for PD management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devi Soorya Narayana Sasikumar
- Integrative Multiomics Lab, School of Bio Sciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, TN, 632014, India
| | - Premkumar Thiruselvam
- Integrative Multiomics Lab, School of Bio Sciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, TN, 632014, India
| | - Vino Sundararajan
- Integrative Multiomics Lab, School of Bio Sciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, TN, 632014, India
| | - Radhika Ravindran
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology (Madras), Chennai, TN, 600036, India
| | - Shoba Gunasekaran
- Department of Biotechnology, Dwaraka Doss Goverdhan Doss Vaishnav College, Chennai, TN, 600106, India
| | - Deepa Madathil
- Jindal Institute of Behavioral Sciences, O.P Jindal Global University, Sonipat, Haryana, 131001, India
| | - Satyavani Kaliamurthi
- Centre for Research in Molecular Modeling (CERMM), Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Concordia University, Loyola Campus, Montreal, QC, H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Gilles H Peslherbe
- Centre for Research in Molecular Modeling (CERMM), Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Concordia University, Loyola Campus, Montreal, QC, H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Gurudeeban Selvaraj
- Centre for Research in Molecular Modeling (CERMM), Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Concordia University, Loyola Campus, Montreal, QC, H4B 1R6, Canada; Bioinformatics Unit, Department of Biomaterials, Saveetha Dental College and Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS) University, Chennai, TN, 600077, India.
| | - Sajitha Lulu Sudhakaran
- Integrative Multiomics Lab, School of Bio Sciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, TN, 632014, India.
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3
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Bae SJ, Lee WY, Bak SB, Lee SJ, Hwang SJ, Kim GW, Koo BS, Park SD, Yoo HH, Kim CO, Kang HW, Oh TW, Kim YW. Antioxidant Efficacy of Hwangryunhaedok-tang through Nrf2 and AMPK Signaling Pathway against Neurological Disorders In Vivo and In Vitro. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2313. [PMID: 38396988 PMCID: PMC10889506 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25042313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 02/04/2024] [Accepted: 02/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a representative cause of dementia and is caused by neuronal loss, leading to the accumulation of aberrant neuritic plaques and the formation of neurofibrillary tangles. Oxidative stress is involved in the impaired clearance of amyloid beta (Aβ), and Aβ-induced oxidative stress causes AD by inducing the formation of neurofibrillary tangles. Hwangryunhaedok-tang (HHT, Kracie K-09®), a traditional herbal medicine prescription, has shown therapeutic effects on various diseases. However, the studies of HHT as a potential treatment for AD are insufficient. Therefore, our study identified the neurological effects and mechanisms of HHT and its key bioactive compounds against Alzheimer's disease in vivo and in vitro. In a 5xFAD mouse model, our study confirmed that HHT attenuated cognitive impairments in the Morris water maze (MWM) test and passive avoidance (PA) test. In addition, the prevention of neuron impairment, reduction in the protein levels of Aβ, and inhibition of cell apoptosis were confirmed with brain tissue staining. In HT-22 cells, HHT attenuates tBHP-induced cytotoxicity, ROS generation, and mitochondrial dysfunction. It was verified that HHT exerts a neuroprotective effect by activating signaling pathways interacting with Nrf2, such as MAPK/ERK, PI3K/Akt, and LKB1/AMPK. Among the components, baicalein, a bioavailable compound of HHT, exhibited neuroprotective properties and activated the Akt, AMPK, and Nrf2/HO-1 pathways. Our findings indicate a mechanism for HHT and its major bioavailable compounds to treat and prevent AD and suggest its potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-Jin Bae
- School of Korean Medicine, Dongguk University, Gyeongju 38066, Republic of Korea; (S.-J.B.); (W.-Y.L.); (S.B.B.); (S.J.L.); (G.-W.K.); (B.-S.K.); (S.-D.P.)
- College of Korean Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan 54538, Republic of Korea;
| | - Won-Yung Lee
- School of Korean Medicine, Dongguk University, Gyeongju 38066, Republic of Korea; (S.-J.B.); (W.-Y.L.); (S.B.B.); (S.J.L.); (G.-W.K.); (B.-S.K.); (S.-D.P.)
- College of Korean Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan 54538, Republic of Korea;
| | - Seon Been Bak
- School of Korean Medicine, Dongguk University, Gyeongju 38066, Republic of Korea; (S.-J.B.); (W.-Y.L.); (S.B.B.); (S.J.L.); (G.-W.K.); (B.-S.K.); (S.-D.P.)
| | - Seung Jin Lee
- School of Korean Medicine, Dongguk University, Gyeongju 38066, Republic of Korea; (S.-J.B.); (W.-Y.L.); (S.B.B.); (S.J.L.); (G.-W.K.); (B.-S.K.); (S.-D.P.)
| | - Su-Jin Hwang
- Korean Medicine (KM)-Application Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine (KIOM), Daegu 41062, Republic of Korea
| | - Geun-Woo Kim
- School of Korean Medicine, Dongguk University, Gyeongju 38066, Republic of Korea; (S.-J.B.); (W.-Y.L.); (S.B.B.); (S.J.L.); (G.-W.K.); (B.-S.K.); (S.-D.P.)
| | - Byung-Soo Koo
- School of Korean Medicine, Dongguk University, Gyeongju 38066, Republic of Korea; (S.-J.B.); (W.-Y.L.); (S.B.B.); (S.J.L.); (G.-W.K.); (B.-S.K.); (S.-D.P.)
| | - Sun-Dong Park
- School of Korean Medicine, Dongguk University, Gyeongju 38066, Republic of Korea; (S.-J.B.); (W.-Y.L.); (S.B.B.); (S.J.L.); (G.-W.K.); (B.-S.K.); (S.-D.P.)
| | - Hye-Hyun Yoo
- College of Pharmacy, Hanyang University, Ansan 1558, Republic of Korea;
| | - Choon-Ok Kim
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Clinical Trials Center, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University Health System, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea;
| | - Hyung Won Kang
- College of Korean Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan 54538, Republic of Korea;
| | - Tae-Woo Oh
- Korean Medicine (KM)-Application Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine (KIOM), Daegu 41062, Republic of Korea
- Department of Korean Convergence Medical Science, University of Science & Technology (UST), Daejeon 34054, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Woo Kim
- School of Korean Medicine, Dongguk University, Gyeongju 38066, Republic of Korea; (S.-J.B.); (W.-Y.L.); (S.B.B.); (S.J.L.); (G.-W.K.); (B.-S.K.); (S.-D.P.)
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Tang J, Yan B, Tang Y, Zhou X, Ji Z, Xu F. Baicalein ameliorates oxidative stress and brain injury after intracerebral hemorrhage by activating the Nrf2/ARE pathway via miR-106a-5p/PHLPP2 axis. Int J Neurosci 2023; 133:1380-1393. [PMID: 35612366 DOI: 10.1080/00207454.2022.2080676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is a devastating stroke subtype. Baicalein (BAI) has been reported to be effective in ischemic stroke. The aim of the present study was to investigate the mechanism of BAI on brain injury after ICH. Firstly, ICH mouse models were established by injecting collagenase into the right of basal ganglia, followed by detection of neurobehavioral scores, brain edema, oxidative stress (OS) level, neuronal apoptosis and pathological changes. Average neurologic scores, brain water content, and blood-brain barrier permeability and MDA level in ICH mice were reduced after BAI treatment, while serum SOD and GSH-Px levels were increased and neuronal apoptosis and pathological injury of the brain tissues were mitigated. miR-106a-5p downregulation averted the effect of BAI on ICH mice. miR-106a-5p targeted PHLPP2 and PHLPP2 overexpression reversed the effect of BAI on ICH mice. BAI activated the Nrf2/ARE pathway by inhibiting PHLPP2 expression. In conclusion, BAI inhibited OS and protected against brain injury after ICH by activating the Nrf2/ARE pathway through the miR-106a-5p/PHLPP2 axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jilei Tang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First People'Hospital of Xuzhou, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Bingchao Yan
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First People'Hospital of Xuzhou, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yangyang Tang
- Department of Nursing Basic Medicine Teaching and Research Section, Jiangsu Provincial Xuzhou Pharmaceutical Vocational College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xin Zhou
- Xuzhou College of Industrial Technolog, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ziteng Ji
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First People'Hospital of Xuzhou, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Feng Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First People'Hospital of Xuzhou, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
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5
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Phukan BC, Roy R, Gahatraj I, Bhattacharya P, Borah A. Therapeutic considerations of bioactive compounds in Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease: Dissecting the molecular pathways. Phytother Res 2023; 37:5657-5699. [PMID: 37823581 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.8012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
Leading neurodegenerative diseases Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD) are characterized by the impairment of memory and motor functions, respectively. Despite several breakthroughs, there exists a lack of disease-modifying treatment strategies for these diseases, as the available drugs provide symptomatic relief and bring along side effects. Bioactive compounds are reported to bear neuroprotective properties with minimal toxicity, however, a detailed elucidation of their modes of neuroprotection is lacking. The review elucidates the neuroprotective mechanism(s) of some of the major phyto-compounds in pre-clinical and clinical studies of AD and PD to understand their potential in combating these diseases. Curcumin, eugenol, resveratrol, baicalein, sesamol and so on have proved efficient in countering the pathological hallmarks of AD and PD. Curcumin, resveratrol, caffeine and so on have reached the clinical phases of these diseases, while aromadendrin, delphinidin, cyanidin and xanthohumol are yet to be extensively explored in pre-clinical phases. The review highlights the need for extensive investigation of these compounds in the clinical stages of these diseases so as to utilize their disease-modifying abilities in the real field of treatment. Moreover, poor pharmacokinetic properties of natural compounds are constraints to their therapeutic yields and this review suggests a plausible contribution of nanotechnology in overcoming these limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rubina Roy
- Department of Life Science and Bioinformatics, Assam University, Silchar, Assam, India
| | - Indira Gahatraj
- Department of Life Science and Bioinformatics, Assam University, Silchar, Assam, India
| | - Pallab Bhattacharya
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Anupom Borah
- Department of Life Science and Bioinformatics, Assam University, Silchar, Assam, India
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6
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Gong Q, Wang Y, Wang X, Pan H, Yan C. Baicalein promotes the microglia M2 polarization and suppresses apoptosis by targeting HMOX1/PDE4D to alleviate Alzheimer's disease. Immunobiology 2023; 228:152761. [PMID: 38006681 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2023.152761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 10/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/27/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder that has quickly becoming one of the most expensive, lethal, and burdening diseases of this century. In the past twenty years, hundreds of drugs have been tested while only several have been authorized by FDA for AD treatment, hence, searching for candidate agent with therapeutic potential for AD is imminent. Controlling polarization direction of microglia is crucial in AD therapy. Recent research suggests that baicalein has potential to reduce neuroinflammation and prevent neurodegenerative diseases by affecting microglia, while the specific molecular mechanism of baicalein in regulating microglia in the treatment of AD is still unclear. In this study, we investigated how baicalein affected microglial polarization in AD and potential biological mechanisms. In cell experiments, it was verified that baicalein significantly shifted the BV-2 microglia phenotype from the pro-inflammatory M1 to the anti-inflammatory M2 phenotype, inhibited the microglial apoptosis and pro-inflammatory factors, promoted the microglial Aβ uptake and anti-inflammatory factors after LPS stimulated. In APP/PS1 mice, it was found that baicalein decreased the Aβ plaque deposition in brain, attenuated NLRP3 inflammasome activation and neuronal apoptosis in APP/PS1 mice. Furthermore, bioinformatics analysis and experiment validated that HMOX1 is a target of baicalein, and we elucidated that baicalein modulated the microglial polarization to inhibit neuroinflammation and neural injury through targeting on the HMOX1/PDE4D axis in AD. In conclusion, our findings indicate the therapeutic effect of baicalein for AD, and baicalein might serve a potential agent for AD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingmei Gong
- Department of Neurology, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medicine University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 310000, China
| | - Yanbo Wang
- Department of Neurology, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medicine University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 310000, China
| | - Xiaowei Wang
- Department of Respiratory, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medicine University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 310000, China
| | - Haiyan Pan
- Department of Endocrinology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medicine University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 310000, China
| | - Ci Yan
- Departments of Psychiatry, Affiliated Mental Health Center, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 310000, China.
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7
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Liu J, Li T, Zhong G, Pan Y, Gao M, Su S, Liang Y, Ma C, Liu Y, Wang Q, Shi Q. Exploring the therapeutic potential of natural compounds for Alzheimer's disease: Mechanisms of action and pharmacological properties. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 166:115406. [PMID: 37659206 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 08/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is a global public health priority characterized by high mortality rates in adults and an increasing prevalence in aging populations worldwide. Despite significant advancements in comprehending the pathogenesis of AD since its initial report in 1907, there remains a lack of effective curative or preventive measures for the disease. In recent years, natural compounds sourced from diverse origins have garnered considerable attention as potential therapeutic agents for AD, owing to their anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and neuroprotective properties. This review aims to consolidate the therapeutic effects of natural compounds on AD, specifically targeting the reduction of β-amyloid (Aβ) overproduction, anti-apoptosis, autophagy, neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, and mitochondrial dysfunction. Notably, the identified compounds exhibiting these effects predominantly originate from plants. This review provides valuable insights into the potential of natural compounds as a reservoir of novel therapeutic agents for AD, thereby stimulating further research and contributing to the development of efficacious treatments for this devastating disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinman Liu
- Affiliated Jiangmen TCM Hospital of Ji'nan University, Jiangmen 529099, China
| | - Tianyao Li
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China
| | - Guangcheng Zhong
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China
| | - Yaru Pan
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China
| | - Minghuang Gao
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China
| | - Shijie Su
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China
| | - Yong Liang
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China
| | - Cuiru Ma
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China
| | - Yuanyue Liu
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210017, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China.
| | - Qing Shi
- Affiliated Jiangmen TCM Hospital of Ji'nan University, Jiangmen 529099, China.
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Dmitrieva A, Kozlova O, Atuchin V, Milentieva I, Vesnina A, Ivanova S, Asyakina L, Prosekov A. Study of the Effect of Baicalin from Scutellaria baicalensis on the Gastrointestinal Tract Normoflora and Helicobacter pylori. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11906. [PMID: 37569279 PMCID: PMC10419321 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241511906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The antimicrobial properties of baicalin against H. pylori and several probiotic cultures were evaluated. Baicalin was isolated from a dry plant extract obtained by extraction with water at 70 °C. For isolation, extraction was carried out with n-butanol and purification on a chromatographic column. The antimicrobial potential was assessed by evaluating changes in the optical density of the bacterial suspension during cultivation; additionally, the disk diffusion method was used. During the study, the baicalin concentrations (0.25, 0.5, and 1 mg/mL) and the pH of the medium in the range of 1.5-8.0 were tested. The test objects were: suspensions of H. pylori, Lactobacillus casei, L. brevis, Bifidobacterium longum, and B. teenis. It was found that the greater the concentration of the substance in the solution, the greater the delay in the growth of the strain zone. Thus, the highest antimicrobial activity against H. pylori was observed at pH 1.5-2.0 and a baicalin concentration of 1.00 mg/mL. In relation to probiotic strains, a stimulating effect of baicalin (1.00 mg/mL) on the growth of L. casei biomass at pH 1.5-2.0 was observed. The results open up the prospects for the use of baicalin and probiotics for the treatment of diseases caused by H. pylori.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia Dmitrieva
- Laboratory of Natural Nutraceuticals Biotesting, Kemerovo State University, 650043 Kemerovo, Russia; (A.D.); (I.M.); (A.V.); (S.I.); (L.A.)
| | - Oksana Kozlova
- Department of Bionanotechnology, Kemerovo State University, 650043 Kemerovo, Russia;
| | - Victor Atuchin
- Laboratory of Optical Materials and Structures, Institute of Semiconductor Physics, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
- Research and Development Department, Kemerovo State University, 650000 Kemerovo, Russia
- Department of Industrial Machinery Design, Novosibirsk State Technical University, 630073 Novosibirsk, Russia
- R&D Center “Advanced Electronic Technologies”, Tomsk State University, 634034 Tomsk, Russia
| | - Irina Milentieva
- Laboratory of Natural Nutraceuticals Biotesting, Kemerovo State University, 650043 Kemerovo, Russia; (A.D.); (I.M.); (A.V.); (S.I.); (L.A.)
| | - Anna Vesnina
- Laboratory of Natural Nutraceuticals Biotesting, Kemerovo State University, 650043 Kemerovo, Russia; (A.D.); (I.M.); (A.V.); (S.I.); (L.A.)
| | - Svetlana Ivanova
- Laboratory of Natural Nutraceuticals Biotesting, Kemerovo State University, 650043 Kemerovo, Russia; (A.D.); (I.M.); (A.V.); (S.I.); (L.A.)
- Department of General Mathematics and Informatics, Kemerovo State University, 650043 Kemerovo, Russia
| | - Lyudmila Asyakina
- Laboratory of Natural Nutraceuticals Biotesting, Kemerovo State University, 650043 Kemerovo, Russia; (A.D.); (I.M.); (A.V.); (S.I.); (L.A.)
| | - Alexander Prosekov
- Laboratory of Biocatalysis, Kemerovo State University, 650043 Kemerovo, Russia;
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Chuang TC, Fang GS, Hsu SC, Lee YJ, Shao WS, Wang V, Lee SL, Kao MC, Ou CC. Baicalein suppresses HER2-mediated malignant transformation of HER2-overexpressing ovarian cancer cells by downregulating HER2 gene expression. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2023. [PMID: 36988316 DOI: 10.1002/tox.23790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
The upregulation of the HER2 oncogene is associated with a variety of human cancers and is associated with poor prognosis. Baicalein is reported to have anti-tumor activity, but the molecular mechanism of this effect in HER2-positive cancer cells has not been studied. In this study, our data showed that baicalein can inhibit the proliferation and transformation potential of ovarian cancer cells overexpressing HER2. Baicalein treatment caused a dose-dependent inhibition of HER2 gene expression at the transcriptional level. Baicalein acted on ovarian cancer cells overexpressing HER2 to downregulate the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway downstream of HER2 and inhibit the expression or activity of downstream targets, such as VEGF and cyclin D1 and MMP2. Oral administration of baicalein supplemented with a pharmaceutical excipient significantly inhibited the growth of HER2-overexpressing ovarian SKOV-3 cancer xenografts in mice. These results suggest that downregulation of HER2 gene expression by baicalein at the transcriptional level contributes to inhibit the in vitro and in vivo proliferation and HER2-mediated malignant transformation of HER2-overexpressing ovarian cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tzu-Chao Chuang
- Department of Chemistry, Tamkang University, New Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Guan-Shiun Fang
- Department of Chemistry, Tamkang University, New Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Shih-Chung Hsu
- Department of Early Childhood Care and Education, University of Kang Ning, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Yi-Jen Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Wei-Syun Shao
- Department of Chemistry, Tamkang University, New Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Vinchi Wang
- Department of Neurology, Cardinal Tien Hospital, New Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Fu-Jen Catholic University, New Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Shou-Lun Lee
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Ming-Ching Kao
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Chien-Chih Ou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
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10
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Sun S, Yu A, Cheng R, Wang L, He T, Xu X, Song R, Shan D, Lv F, Zhong X, Deng Q, Li X, He Y, Zheng Y, Ren X, Xia Q, She G. Similarities and differences between Ziqin and Kuqin in anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and antioxidant activities and their core chemical composition based on the zebrafish model and spectrum-effect relationship. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 304:116049. [PMID: 36529251 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.116049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Scutellaria baicalensis (SB) is a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). In the clinical application of TCM, SB has been divided into two specifications (Ziqin and Kuqin) for a long time. At present, the Chinese Pharmacopoeia Commission no longer distinguishes between the two. However, the two specifications of medicinal materials and pieces are still in circulation in the market. AIM OF THE STUDY This work aimed at investigating the similarities and differences between Ziqin and Kuqin in anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and antioxidant activities and their material basis. It will provide a new angle for relevant regulations to formulate the specifications and standards of SB. MATERIALS AND METHODS Here we investigated the similarities and differences between Ziqin and Kuqin in anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and antioxidant activities related to four zebrafish models and three chemical tests. The chemical fingerprints of SB (Ziqin and Kuqin) were profiled by HPLC. Meanwhile, UHPLC-Q-TOF/MS was used to identify the chemical constituents of Ziqin and Kuqin. The main effect-related compounds of SB, Ziqin, and Kuqin were screened out by spectrum-effect relationship. Finally, six monomeric compounds were validated experimentally using the zebrafish inflammation model induced by CuSO4. RESULTS Both Ziqin and Kuqin had significant anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and antioxidant activities. Kuqin had better anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities, while Ziqin had better antioxidant activity. HPLC fingerprint and UHPLC-Q-TOF/MS evaluation showed that the chemical composition types and main components of Ziqin and Kuqin were basically the same, while the contents and proportions of chemical components in Ziqin and Kuqin were different. By spectrum-effect relationship, compounds X1, X2 (luteoloside), X3, X4 (baicalin), X6 (wogonoside), X7 (baicalein), X8 (wogonin), and X9 (oroxylin A) were the same active chemical constituents of Ziqin and Kuqin. The core components of anti-inflammatory and analgesia activities in Kuqin were compounds X1, X2, X3, X5, X6, X7, X8, and X9. The antioxidant core active components of Ziqin were compounds X2, X3, X4, X6, X7, and X9. Among them, luteoloside, baicalin, wogonoside, baicalein, wogonin, and oroxylin A were validated successfully with good anti-inflammatory effects. CONCLUSIONS This study revealed that Ziqin and kuqin have high similarity in chemical composition, but their proportions and active core components are different. This may be one of the main reasons why they have the same activity but different activity trends. These findings will help to improve the understanding of the different clinical applications of Ziqin and Kuqin, and provide a reference for the formulation of quality standards and their further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siqi Sun
- School of ChineseMateria Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, PR China; Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, Shandong Province, 250000, PR China.
| | - Axiang Yu
- School of ChineseMateria Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, PR China.
| | - Ruiyang Cheng
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 102488, PR China.
| | - Le Wang
- School of ChineseMateria Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, PR China.
| | - Ting He
- School of ChineseMateria Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, PR China.
| | - Xiao Xu
- School of ChineseMateria Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, PR China.
| | - Ruolan Song
- School of ChineseMateria Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, PR China.
| | - Dongjie Shan
- School of ChineseMateria Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, PR China.
| | - Fang Lv
- School of ChineseMateria Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, PR China.
| | - Xiangjian Zhong
- School of ChineseMateria Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, PR China.
| | - Qingyue Deng
- School of ChineseMateria Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, PR China.
| | - Xianxian Li
- School of ChineseMateria Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, PR China.
| | - Yingyu He
- School of ChineseMateria Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, PR China.
| | - Yuan Zheng
- School of ChineseMateria Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, PR China.
| | - Xueyang Ren
- School of ChineseMateria Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, PR China.
| | - Qing Xia
- Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, Shandong Province, 250000, PR China.
| | - Gaimei She
- School of ChineseMateria Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, PR China.
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11
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Boonyasuppayakorn S, Saelee T, Huynh TNT, Hairani R, Hengphasatporn K, Loeanurit N, Cao V, Vibulakhaophan V, Siripitakpong P, Kaur P, Chu JJH, Tunghirun C, Choksupmanee O, Chimnaronk S, Shigeta Y, Rungrotmongkol T, Chavasiri W. The 8-bromobaicalein inhibited the replication of dengue, and Zika viruses and targeted the dengue polymerase. Sci Rep 2023; 13:4891. [PMID: 36966240 PMCID: PMC10039358 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-32049-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Dengue and Zika viruses are mosquito-borne flaviviruses burdening millions every year with hemorrhagic fever and neurological symptoms. Baicalein was previously reported as a potential anti-flaviviral candidate and halogenation of flavones and flavanones potentiated their antiviral efficacies. Here, we reported that a chemically modified 8-bromobaicalein effectively inhibited all dengue serotypes and Zika viruses at 0.66-0.88 micromolar in cell-based system. The compound bound to dengue serotype 2 conserved pocket and inhibited the dengue RdRp activity with 6.93 fold more than the original baicalein. Moreover, the compound was mildly toxic against infant and adult C57BL/6 mice despite administering continuously for 7 days. Therefore, the 8-bromobaicalein should be investigated further in pharmacokinetics and efficacy in an animal model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siwaporn Boonyasuppayakorn
- Center of Excellence in Applied Medical Virology, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
| | - Thanaphon Saelee
- Center of Excellence in Applied Medical Virology, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Thao Nguyen Thanh Huynh
- Center of Excellence in Natural Products Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Rita Hairani
- Center of Excellence in Natural Products Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Kowit Hengphasatporn
- Center for Computational Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8577, Japan
| | - Naphat Loeanurit
- Center of Excellence in Applied Medical Virology, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
- Graduate School, Interdisciplinary Program in Microbiology, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Van Cao
- Center of Excellence in Applied Medical Virology, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
- Graduate School, Interdisciplinary Program in Microbiology, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Vipanee Vibulakhaophan
- Center of Excellence in Applied Medical Virology, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Panattida Siripitakpong
- Center of Excellence in Biocatalyst and Sustainable Biotechnology, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Parveen Kaur
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117545, Singapore
| | - Justin Jang Hann Chu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117545, Singapore
- Infectious Diseases Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- NUS Medicine BSL3 Core Facility, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), A*STAR, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Chairat Tunghirun
- The Laboratory of RNA Biology, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Salaya Campus, Nakhon Pathom, 73170, Thailand
| | - Opas Choksupmanee
- The Laboratory of RNA Biology, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Salaya Campus, Nakhon Pathom, 73170, Thailand
| | - Sarin Chimnaronk
- Infectious Diseases Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yasuteru Shigeta
- Center for Computational Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8577, Japan
| | - Thanyada Rungrotmongkol
- Center of Excellence in Biocatalyst and Sustainable Biotechnology, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
- Program in Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Warinthorn Chavasiri
- Center of Excellence in Natural Products Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
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12
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Milentyeva I, Fedorova A, Larichev T, Altshuler O. Biologically active compounds in Scutellaria baicalensis L. callus extract: Phytochemical analysis and isolation. FOODS AND RAW MATERIALS 2023. [DOI: 10.21603/2308-4057-2023-1-564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant cells and tissue cultures are sources of secondary plant metabolites. Substances produced by callus cultures can expand the raw material base in pharmacy and food production. However, isolating biologically active substances from medicinal plants is a labor- and time-consuming process. As a result, new and efficient technological processes adapted for extraction from callus cultures are in high demand, and new algorithms of isolation and purification of biologically active substances remain a relevant task.
This research featured callus cultures of Scutellaria baicalensis. The procedures for phytochemical analysis and isolation of biologically active substances involved such physicochemical research methods as high-performance chromatography (HPLC), thin-layer chromatography (TLC), UV spectrometry, and IR spectrometry.
The high performance liquid chromatography confirmed the presence of flavonoids represented by baicalein (5,6,7-trioxyflavone), baicalin (baicalein 7-O-glucuronide), scutellarein (5,6,7,4-tetraoxyflavone), scutellarin (7-O-glucuronide scutellarein), vagonin, and oroxylin. The spectral analyses also detected skutebaicalin. The highest total content of diterpene belonged to the samples extracted with 70% ethanol at 70°C. The content of diterpene was 0.09 mg/cm3 in terms of betulin. The biologically active substances were isolated from the callus extracts of S. baicalensis with a recovery rate of ≥ 80%. The purification scheme made it possible to obtain highly-pure individual biologically active compounds: trans-cinnamic acid, baicalin, and oroxylin A had a purity of ≥ 95%; baicalein had a purity of ≥ 97%; scutellarin and luteolin reached ≥ 96%.
The new technological extraction method made it possible to obtain extracts from S. baicalensis callus cultures, which were tested for the component composition. The developed isolation algorithm and purification scheme yielded biologically active substances with a purification degree of ≥ 95%.
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13
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Baicalein exerts anxiolytic and antinociceptive effects in a mouse model of posttraumatic stress disorder: Involvement of the serotonergic system and spinal delta-opioid receptors. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2023; 122:110689. [PMID: 36462602 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2022.110689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 11/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a serious mental disease featured by a stress dysfunction that occurs after an individual has faced intense mental stress, often accompanied by anxiety and chronic pain. Currently, the mainstream drug for PTSD is serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), however, their pain management for patients is limited. Baicalein, a Chinese traditional herbal medicine, has shown promising results in treating anxiety, depression, and pain. In this study, we found that baicalein may alleviate single prolonged stress (SPS)-induced PTSD-like behaviors in mice without altering baseline nociceptive sensitivity or activity. Meanwhile, baicalein increased the noradrenaline (NE) and serotonin (5-HT) content and decreased the ratio of 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA)/5-HT by inhibiting the activity of monoamine oxidase A (MAO-A) in SPS-induce mice. The anxiolytic and antinociceptive effects induced by baicalein were totally abolished by 5-HT depleting agents. Moreover, the anxiolytic effects of baicalein could be abolished by the 5-HT1A receptor antagonist WAY-100635, and the analgesic effects could be abolished by delta-opioid receptor antagonists in the spinal. Taken together, our study provides compelling evidence that baicalein reversed anxiety-like behaviors and neuropathic pain in PTSD through serotonergic system and spinal delta-opioid receptors.
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Ye Z, Zhang F, Wang P, Ran Y, Liu C, Lu J, Zhang M, Yao L. BAICALEIN RELIEVES BRAIN INJURY VIA INHIBITING FERROPTOSIS AND ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM STRESS IN A RAT MODEL OF CARDIAC ARREST. Shock 2023; 59:434-441. [PMID: 36427096 DOI: 10.1097/shk.0000000000002058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Background: Cardiac arrest (CA) is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and ferroptosis are proven pathological mechanisms implicated in neuronal damage. Baicalein, a ferroptosis Inhibitor, improved outcomes after traumatic brain injury. We aimed to explore the effects of baicalein on brain injury via ferroptosis and ER stress in a rat model of CA.Methods: Cardiac arrest models were established in Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. The sham group (n = 6) was untreated with inducing ventricular fibrillation to cardiac arrest and cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). Survival rats were randomly divided into five groups (n = 6). Ferroptosis inhibitor and ER stress agonist were administered separately and together in three groups. There was no drug intervention in the remaining group. The neurological deficit scores were recorded. Characteristics of ferroptosis were observed. And the associated protein of ferroptosis and ER stress were determined by Western blot. Cerebral ROS production was measured by using 2',7'-dichlorofluorescein diacetate as the oxidative fluorescent probe. Results: Baicalein treatment improved neurological outcomes and decreased neurocyte injuries compared with CPR group. The changes of ferroptosis, more specifically, iron content, glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4), reactive oxygen species (ROS), arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase (ALOX15) and mitochondrial characteristics, were observed in brain tissue after ROSC. ALOX15 was lower in baicalein group than in CPR group. The morphology and structure of mitochondria in baicalein group were better than in CPR group. The ER stress markers, glucose-regulated protein 78, activating Transcription Factor 4 and C/EBP homologous protein was lower in baicalein group compared with CPR group. ROS in tunicamycin group was higher than in CPR group. And ROS in baicalein +tunicamycin group was lower than in tunicamycin group. Conclusion: Ferroptosis and ER stress are both involved in brain injury after ROSC. Baicalein alleviates brain injury via suppressing the ferroptosis and ER stress, and reduces ROS partly through inhibiting ER stress. Baicalein is a potential drug to relieve brain injury after ROSC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fan Zhang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong, China
| | | | - Yingqi Ran
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong, China
| | - Cong Liu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong, China
| | - Jinming Lu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong, China
| | - Mingtao Zhang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong, China
| | - Lan Yao
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong, China
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15
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Mori M, Quaglio D, Calcaterra A, Ghirga F, Sorrentino L, Cammarone S, Fracella M, D’Auria A, Frasca F, Criscuolo E, Clementi N, Mancini N, Botta B, Antonelli G, Pierangeli A, Scagnolari C. Natural Flavonoid Derivatives Have Pan-Coronavirus Antiviral Activity. Microorganisms 2023; 11:microorganisms11020314. [PMID: 36838279 PMCID: PMC9960971 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11020314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The SARS-CoV-2 protease (3CLpro) is one of the key targets for the development of efficacious drugs for COVID-19 treatment due to its essential role in the life cycle of the virus and exhibits high conservation among coronaviruses. Recent studies have shown that flavonoids, which are small natural molecules, have antiviral activity against coronaviruses (CoVs), including SARS-CoV-2. In this study, we identified the docking sites and binding affinity of several natural compounds, similar to flavonoids, and investigated their inhibitory activity towards 3CLpro enzymatic activity. The selected compounds were then tested in vitro for their cytotoxicity, for antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2, and the replication of other coronaviruses in different cell lines. Our results showed that Baicalein (100 μg/mL) exerted strong 3CLpro activity inhibition (>90%), whereas Hispidulin and Morin displayed partial inhibition. Moreover, Baicalein, up to 25 μg/mL, hindered >50% of SARS-CoV-2 replication in Vero E6 cultures. Lastly, Baicalein displayed antiviral activity against alphacoronavirus (Feline-CoV) and betacoronavirus (Bovine-CoV and HCoV-OC43) in the cell lines. Our study confirmed the antiviral activity of Baicalein against SARS-CoV-2 and demonstrated clear evidence of its pan-coronaviral activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mattia Mori
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Deborah Quaglio
- Department of Chemistry and Technologies of Drugs, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Calcaterra
- Department of Chemistry and Technologies of Drugs, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Ghirga
- Department of Chemistry and Technologies of Drugs, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Leonardo Sorrentino
- Laboratory of Virology, Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Silvia Cammarone
- Department of Chemistry and Technologies of Drugs, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Matteo Fracella
- Laboratory of Virology, Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandra D’Auria
- Laboratory of Virology, Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Federica Frasca
- Laboratory of Virology, Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Elena Criscuolo
- Laboratory of Medical Microbiology and Virology, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Nicola Clementi
- Laboratory of Medical Microbiology and Virology, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, 20132 Milan, Italy
- Laboratory of Medical Microbiology and Virology, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Nicasio Mancini
- Laboratory of Medical Microbiology and Virology, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, 20132 Milan, Italy
- Laboratory of Medical Microbiology and Virology, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Bruno Botta
- Department of Chemistry and Technologies of Drugs, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Guido Antonelli
- Laboratory of Virology, Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandra Pierangeli
- Laboratory of Virology, Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Carolina Scagnolari
- Laboratory of Virology, Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence:
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16
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Chuang TC, Shao WS, Hsu SC, Lee SL, Kao MC, Wang V. Baicalein Induces G 2/M Cell Cycle Arrest Associated with ROS Generation and CHK2 Activation in Highly Invasive Human Ovarian Cancer Cells. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28031039. [PMID: 36770705 PMCID: PMC9919047 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28031039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is a lethal gynecological cancer because drug resistance often results in treatment failure. The CHK2, a tumor suppressor, is considered to be an important molecular target in ovarian cancer due to its role in DNA repair. Dysfunctional CHK2 impairs DNA damage-induced checkpoints, reduces apoptosis, and confers resistance to chemotherapeutic drugs and radiation therapy in ovarian cancer cells. This provides a basis for finding new effective agents targeting CHK2 upregulation or activation to treat or prevent the progression of advanced ovarian cancer. Here, the results show that baicalein (5,6,7-trihydroxyflavone) treatment inhibits the growth of highly invasive ovarian cancer cells, and that baicalein-induced growth inhibition is mediated by the cell cycle arrest in the G2/M phase. Baicalein-induced G2/M phase arrest is associated with an increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, DNA damage, and CHK2 upregulation and activation. Thus, baicalein modulates the expression of DNA damage response proteins and G2/M phase regulatory molecules. Blockade of CHK2 activation by CHK2 inhibitors protects cells from baicalein-mediated G2/M cell cycle arrest. All the results suggest that baicalein has another novel growth inhibitory effect on highly invasive ovarian cancer cells, which is partly related to G2/M cell cycle arrest through the ROS-mediated DNA breakage damage and CHK2 activation. Collectively, our findings provide a molecular basis for the potential of baicalein as an adjuvant therapeutic agent in the treatment of metastatic ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tzu-Chao Chuang
- Department of Chemistry, Tamkang University, New Taipei 251301, Taiwan
- Correspondence:
| | - Wei-Syun Shao
- Department of Chemistry, Tamkang University, New Taipei 251301, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Chung Hsu
- Department of Early Childhood Care and Education, University of Kang Ning, Taipei 114311, Taiwan
| | - Shou-Lun Lee
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung 406040, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Ching Kao
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung 406040, Taiwan
| | - Vinchi Wang
- Department of Neurology, Cardinal Tien Hospital, New Taipei 231009, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Fu-Jen Catholic University, New Taipei 242062, Taiwan
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17
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Zhao H, Wang Y, Xu C, Li G, Song Y, Qiu J, Cui L, Song X, Yang Y, Sun Y. Potential molecular mechanisms of Erlongjiaonang action in idiopathic sudden hearing loss: A network pharmacology and molecular docking analyses. Front Neurol 2023; 14:1121738. [PMID: 37064204 PMCID: PMC10098218 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2023.1121738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 04/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Idiopathic sudden hearing loss (ISHL) is characterized by sudden unexplainable and unilateral hearing loss as a clinically emergent symptom. The use of the herb Erlongjiaonang (ELJN) in traditional Chinese medicine is known to effectively control and cure ISHL. This study explored the underlying molecular mechanisms using network pharmacology and molecular docking analyses. Method The Traditional Chinese Medicine System Pharmacological database and the Swiss Target Prediction database were searched for the identification of ELJN constituents and potential gene targets, respectively, while ISHL-related gene abnormality was assessed using the Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man and Gene Card databases. The interaction of ELJN gene targets with ISHL genes was obtained after these databases were cross-screened, and a drug component-intersecting target network was constructed, and the gene ontology (GO) terms, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes, and protein-protein interaction networks were analyzed. Cytoscape software tools were used to map the active components-crossover target-signaling pathway network and screened targets were then validated by establishing molecular docking with the corresponding components. Result Erlongjiaonang contains 85 components and 250 corresponding gene targets, while ISHL has 714 disease-related targets, resulting in 66 cross-targets. The bioinformatical analyses revealed these 66 cross-targets, including isorhamnetin and formononetin on NOS3 expression, baicalein on AKT1 activity, and kaempferol and quercetin on NOS3 and AKT1 activity, as potential ELJN-induced anti-ISHL targets. Conclusion This study uncovered potential ELJN gene targets and molecular signaling pathways in the control of ISHL, providing a molecular basis for further investigation of the anti-ISHL activity of ELJN.
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Affiliation(s)
- He Zhao
- The Second Medical College, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong, China
- Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Qingdao University, Yantai, Shandong, China
- Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Otorhinolaryngologic Diseases, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Yan Wang
- The Second Medical College, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong, China
- Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Qingdao University, Yantai, Shandong, China
- Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Otorhinolaryngologic Diseases, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Cong Xu
- The Second Medical College, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong, China
- Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Qingdao University, Yantai, Shandong, China
- Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Otorhinolaryngologic Diseases, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Guangjin Li
- Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Qingdao University, Yantai, Shandong, China
- Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Otorhinolaryngologic Diseases, Yantai, Shandong, China
- School of Clinical Medicine, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Yuwan Song
- Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Qingdao University, Yantai, Shandong, China
- Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Otorhinolaryngologic Diseases, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Jingjing Qiu
- Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Qingdao University, Yantai, Shandong, China
- Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Otorhinolaryngologic Diseases, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Limei Cui
- Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Qingdao University, Yantai, Shandong, China
- Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Otorhinolaryngologic Diseases, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Xicheng Song
- Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Qingdao University, Yantai, Shandong, China
- Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Otorhinolaryngologic Diseases, Yantai, Shandong, China
- *Correspondence: Xicheng Song,
| | - Yujuan Yang
- Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Qingdao University, Yantai, Shandong, China
- Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Otorhinolaryngologic Diseases, Yantai, Shandong, China
- Yujuan Yang,
| | - Yan Sun
- Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Qingdao University, Yantai, Shandong, China
- Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Otorhinolaryngologic Diseases, Yantai, Shandong, China
- Yan Sun,
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Li X, Deng Q, Kuang Y, Mao H, Yao M, Lin C, Luo X, Xu P. Identifying NFKB1, STAT3, and CDKN1A as Baicalein's Potential Hub Targets in Parkinson's Disease-related α-synuclein-mediated Pathways by Integrated Bioinformatics Strategies. Curr Pharm Des 2023; 29:2426-2437. [PMID: 37859325 DOI: 10.2174/0113816128259065231011114116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The overexpression, accumulation, and cell-to-cell transmission of α-synuclein leads to the deterioration of Parkinson's disease (PD). Previous studies suggest that Baicalein (BAI) can bind to α-synuclein and inhibit α-synuclein aggregation and secretion. However, it is still unclear whether BAI can intervene with the pathogenic molecules in α-synuclein-mediated PD pathways beyond directly targeting α-synuclein per se. METHODS This study aimed to systematically investigate BAI's potential targets in PD-related A53T mutant α-synuclein-mediated pathways by integrating data mining, network pharmacological analysis, and molecular docking simulation techniques. RESULTS The results suggest that BAI may target genes that are dysregulated in synaptic transmission, vesicle trafficking, gene transcription, protein binding, extracellular matrix formation, and kinase activity in α-synucleinmediated pathways. NFKB1, STAT3, and CDKN1A are BAI's potential hub targets in these pathways. CONCLUSION Our findings highlight BAI's potentiality to modulate α-synuclein-mediated pathways beyond directly targeting α-synuclein per se.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingjian Li
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiyin Deng
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yaoyun Kuang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hengxu Mao
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Meiling Yao
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Changsong Lin
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaodong Luo
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Pingyi Xu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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Holanda FH, Ribeiro AN, Sánchez-Ortiz BL, de Souza GC, Borges SF, Ferreira AM, Florentino AC, Yoshioka SA, Moraes LS, Carvalho JCT, Ferreira IM. Anti-inflammatory potential of baicalein combined with silk fibroin protein in a zebrafish model (Danio rerio). Biotechnol Lett 2023; 45:235-253. [PMID: 36550336 PMCID: PMC9778464 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-022-03334-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Baicalein (BA) is a flavonoid with wide-ranging pharmacological activity. However, its biological evaluation is hampered by its low solubility in aqueous medium, making forms of incorporation that improve its solubility necessary. In the present study, BA was combined with a solution of silk fibroin protein (SF), a biomaterial used too as a drug carrier, to evaluate the anti-inflammatory potential of this combination, in vivo, in an experimental model, zebrafish (Danio rerio). Baicalein-silk fibroin (BASF) improved the DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl-hydrate) free radical scavenging rate (95%) in comparison with BA in solution. The acute toxicity study and histopathological analysis in zebrafish showed that BASF has low cytotoxic potential, except for the maxim dose of 2000 mg/kg. The use of BA in combination with SF enhanced the anti-inflammatory effect of flavonoids by inducing inflammatory peritoneal edema through carrageenan and achieved 77.6% inhibition of abdominal edema at a dose of 75 mg/kg. The results showed that the BASF, significantly increases the bioavailability and therapeutic effect of flavonoids and several results observed in this study may help in the development of new drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabrício H. Holanda
- Biocatalysis and Applied Organic Synthesis Laboratory, Federal University of Amapá, Campus Universitário Marco Zero do Equador, Macapá, AP Brazil
| | - Arlefe N. Ribeiro
- Biocatalysis and Applied Organic Synthesis Laboratory, Federal University of Amapá, Campus Universitário Marco Zero do Equador, Macapá, AP Brazil
| | - Brenda L. Sánchez-Ortiz
- Drug Research Laboratory, Federal University of Amapá, Campus Universitário Marco Zero do Equador, Macapá, AP Brazil
| | - Gisele C. de Souza
- Drug Research Laboratory, Federal University of Amapá, Campus Universitário Marco Zero do Equador, Macapá, AP Brazil
| | - Swanny F. Borges
- Drug Research Laboratory, Federal University of Amapá, Campus Universitário Marco Zero do Equador, Macapá, AP Brazil
| | - Adriana M. Ferreira
- Drug Research Laboratory, Federal University of Amapá, Campus Universitário Marco Zero do Equador, Macapá, AP Brazil
| | - Alexandro C. Florentino
- Laboratório de Ictio e Genotoxidade, Federal University of Amapá, Campus Universitário Marco Zero do Equador, Macapá, AP Brazil
| | - Sérgio A. Yoshioka
- Biochemistry and Biomaterials Laboratory, Institute of Chemistry of São Carlos, University of São Paulo, Universidade de São Paulo, São Carlos, SP Brazil
| | - Lienne S. Moraes
- Biocatalysis and Applied Organic Synthesis Laboratory, Federal University of Amapá, Campus Universitário Marco Zero do Equador, Macapá, AP Brazil
| | - José Carlos T. Carvalho
- Drug Research Laboratory, Federal University of Amapá, Campus Universitário Marco Zero do Equador, Macapá, AP Brazil
| | - Irlon M. Ferreira
- Biocatalysis and Applied Organic Synthesis Laboratory, Federal University of Amapá, Campus Universitário Marco Zero do Equador, Macapá, AP Brazil
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20
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Yu G, Cheng Y, Duan Z. Detection of Cobalamin and In Vitro Cell Imaging Based on Nitrogen-Doped Yellow Fluorescent Carbon Dots with Nano Architectonics. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 15:9057. [PMID: 36556863 PMCID: PMC9785990 DOI: 10.3390/ma15249057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
As novel fluorescent nanomaterials, carbon dots have attracted increasing research attention because of their simple synthesis, robust fluorescence, low toxicity, and easy functionalisation. Previous research was focused on preparing carbon dots from biomass and chemical materials; however, most of these carbon dots exhibited blue fluorescence. Moreover, the fluorescence quantum yield was generally low, significantly limiting their application in biological imaging. To broaden the application scope of carbon dots, this study prepared long-wavelength emitting nano-carbon dots that exhibited increased quantum yield. Novel N-doped yellow fluorescent nano-carbon dots (Y-CDs) were synthesised via a hydrothermal method using L-tartaric acid and urea as the precursors. The Y-CDs had a high quantum yield (15.9%) and demonstrated photostability at various pHs, temperatures, and ionic strengths. The Y-CDs could detect cobalamin effectively and selectively, showing a linear relationship between fluorescence intensity and cobalamin concentration. The related coefficient was 0.997, and the detection limit was 2.101 μmol/L. In addition, the Y-CDs were successfully used as an imaging probe for MDA-MB-231 cells. Therefore, the Y-CDs developed in this study can be used for cobalamin detection and cell imaging.
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21
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Yang L, Nao J. Ferroptosis: a potential therapeutic target for Alzheimer's disease. Rev Neurosci 2022:revneuro-2022-0121. [PMID: 36514247 DOI: 10.1515/revneuro-2022-0121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The most prevalent dementia-causing neurodegenerative condition is Alzheimer's disease (AD). The aberrant buildup of amyloid β and tau hyperphosphorylation are the two most well-known theories about the mechanisms underlying AD development. However, a significant number of pharmacological clinical studies conducted around the world based on the two aforementioned theories have not shown promising outcomes, and AD is still not effectively treated. Ferroptosis, a non-apoptotic programmed cell death defined by the buildup of deadly amounts of iron-dependent lipid peroxides, has received more attention in recent years. A wealth of data is emerging to support the role of iron in the pathophysiology of AD. Cell line and animal studies applying ferroptosis modulators to the treatment of AD have shown encouraging results. Based on these studies, we describe in this review the underlying mechanisms of ferroptosis; the role that ferroptosis plays in AD pathology; and summarise some of the research advances in the treatment of AD with ferroptosis modulators. We hope to contribute to the clinical management of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Yang
- Department of Neurology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, China
| | - Jianfei Nao
- Department of Neurology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, China
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22
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Crosstalk between xanthine oxidase (XO) inhibiting and cancer chemotherapeutic properties of comestible flavonoids- a comprehensive update. J Nutr Biochem 2022; 110:109147. [PMID: 36049673 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2022.109147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Gout is an inflammatory disease caused by metabolic disorder or genetic inheritance. People throughout the world are strongly dependent on ethnomedicine for the treatment of gout and some receive satisfactory curative treatment. The natural remedies as well as established drugs derived from natural sources or synthetically made exert their action by mechanisms that are closely associated with anticancer treatment mechanisms regarding inhibition of xanthine oxidase, feedback inhibition of de novo purine synthesis, depolymerization and disappearance of microtubule, inhibition of NF-ĸB activation, induction of TRAIL, promotion of apoptosis, and caspase activation and proteasome inhibition. Some anti-gout and anticancer novel compounds interact with same receptors for their action, e.g., colchicine and colchicine analogues. Dietary flavonoids, i.e., chrysin, kaempferol, quercetin, fisetin, pelargonidin, apigenin, luteolin, myricetin, isorhamnetin, phloretinetc etc. have comparable IC50 values with established anti-gout drug and effective against both cancer and gout. Moreover, a noticeable number of newer anticancer compounds have already been isolated from plants that have been using by local traditional healers and herbal practitioners to treat gout. Therefore, the anti-gout plants might have greater potentiality to become selective candidates for screening of newer anticancer leads.
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23
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Ma X, Wang S, Li C, Jia X, Wang T, Leng Z, Lu R, Kong X, Zhang J, Li L. Baicalein inhibits the polarization of microglia/macrophages to the M1 phenotype by targeting STAT1 in EAE mice. Int Immunopharmacol 2022; 113:109373. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.109373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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24
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Radical-Induced Cascade Annulation/Hydrocarbonylation for Construction of 2-Aryl-4H-chromen-4-ones. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27217412. [DOI: 10.3390/molecules27217412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Revised: 10/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
A robust metal- and solvent-free cascade radical-induced C-N cleavage/intramolecular 6-endo-dig annulation/hydrocarbonylation for the synthesis of the valuable 2-aryl-4H-chromen-4-ones is described. This practical synthesis strategy utilizes propargylamines and air as the oxygen source and green carbonylation reagent, in which propargylamines are activated by the inexpensive and available dimethyl 2,2′-azobis(2-methylpropionate) (AIBME) and (PhSe)2 as the radical initiators. This simple and green protocol features wide substrate adaptability, good functional group tolerance, and amenability to scaling up and derivatizations.
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25
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Froldi G, Djeujo FM, Bulf N, Caparelli E, Ragazzi E. Comparative Evaluation of the Antiglycation and Anti-α-Glucosidase Activities of Baicalein, Baicalin (Baicalein 7- O-Glucuronide) and the Antidiabetic Drug Metformin. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14102141. [PMID: 36297576 PMCID: PMC9612222 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14102141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The discovery of new oral antidiabetic drugs remains a priority in medicine. This research aimed to evaluate the activity of the flavonoid baicalein and its natural glucuronide baicalin, compared to the antidiabetic drug metformin, as potential antiglycation, anti–radical, and anti-α–glucosidase agents, in order to assess their potential role in counteracting hyperglycemia-induced tissue damage. The study considered: (i) the BSA assay, to detect the formation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs), (ii) the GK peptide–ribose assay, which evaluates the cross–linking between the peptide and ribose, and (iii) the carbonyl content assay to detect the total carbonyl content, as a biomarker of tissue damage. In addition, to obtain a reliable picture of the antiglycation capacity of the investigated compounds, DPPH scavenging and oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) assays were performed. Furthermore, the anti–α–glucosidase activity of baicalein and baicalin was detected. Furthermore, to estimate cell permeability, preliminarily, the cytotoxicity of baicalein and baicalin was evaluated in HT–29 human colon adenocarcinoma cells using the MTT assay. Successively, the ability of the compounds to pass through the cytoplasmic membranes of HT–29 cells was detected as a permeability screen to predict in vivo absorption, showing that baicalein passes into cells even if it is quickly modified in various metabolites, being its main derivative baicalin. Otherwise, baicalin per se did not pass through cell membranes. Data show that baicalein is the most active compound in reducing glycation, α-glucosidase activity, and free radicals, while baicalin exhibited similar activities, but did not inhibit the enzyme α–glucosidase.
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26
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Traditional Chinese Medicine Regulates Th17/Treg Balance in Treating Inflammatory Bowel Disease. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:6275136. [PMID: 36159571 PMCID: PMC9499767 DOI: 10.1155/2022/6275136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), also known as chronic nonspecific inflammatory disease of the colon and rectum, is primarily characterized by mucopurulent bloody stools, diarrhea, abdominal pain, and tenesmus. Its cause is uncertain. IBD patients frequently experience a high rate of recurrence, a protracted treatment course, and a high risk of carcinogenesis. Additionally, the difficulty of treatment is significantly increased by these illness characteristics. Currently, the normal treatment for this illness can lessen symptoms to some amount and even meet clinical treatment requirements, but due to serious side effects, unfavorable reactions, and high costs, we need to develop better complementary and alternative medicines. A number of studies have found that the imbalance of T helper cell 17 (Th17)/regulatory T cells (Treg) contributes significantly to the occurrence and progression of IBD and that Th17/Treg balance restoration is frequently useful in the management of IBD. As a result, regulating the Th17/Treg balance has also emerged as a novel approach to treating IBD. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has gained popularity in recent years due to its advantages of low side effects, a variety of targets, and multiple regulatory mechanisms. A number of studies have shown that TCM can successfully intervene in the Th17/Treg imbalance and restore it, and research on the prevention and treatment of IBD by TCM by restoring Th17/Treg has also shown promising results. The characteristics of the Th17/Treg balance and its role in the pathogenesis of IBD, as well as the role of TCM in regulating the Th17/Treg imbalance, are analyzed. The research results are expected to provide a theoretical basis for the clinical treatment and pathology mechanism research of IBD.
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Protective Effect of Natural Medicinal Plants on Cardiomyocyte Injury in Heart Failure: Targeting the Dysregulation of Mitochondrial Homeostasis and Mitophagy. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:3617086. [PMID: 36132224 PMCID: PMC9484955 DOI: 10.1155/2022/3617086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 07/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Heart failure occurs because of various cardiovascular pathologies, such as coronary artery disease or cardiorenal syndrome, eventually reaching end-stage disease. Various factors contribute to cardiac structural or functional changes that result in systolic or diastolic dysfunction. Several studies have confirmed that the key factor in heart failure progression is myocardial cell death, and mitophagy is the major mechanism regulating myocardial cell death in heart failure. The clinical mechanisms of heart failure are well understood in practice. However, the essential role of mitophagic regulation in heart failure has only recently received widespread attention. Receptor-mediated mitophagy is involved in various mitochondrial processes like oxidative stress injury, energy metabolism disorders, and calcium homeostasis, which are also the main causes of heart failure. Understanding of the diverse regulatory mechanisms in mitophagy and the complexity of its pathophysiology in heart failure remains incomplete. Related studies have found that various natural medicinal plants and active ingredients, such as flavonoids and saponins, can regulate mitophagy to a certain extent, improve myocardial function, and protect myocardial cells. This review comprehensively covers the relevant mechanisms of different types of mitophagy in regulating heart failure pathology and controlling mitochondrial adaptability to stress injury. Further, it explores the relationship between mitophagy and cardiac ejection dysfunction. Natural medicinal plant-targeted regulation strategies and scientific evidence on mitophagy were provided to elucidate current and potential strategies to apply mitophagy-targeted therapy for heart failure.
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28
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Fontana A, Cursaro I, Carullo G, Gemma S, Butini S, Campiani G. A Therapeutic Perspective of HDAC8 in Different Diseases: An Overview of Selective Inhibitors. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231710014. [PMID: 36077415 PMCID: PMC9456347 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231710014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Histone deacetylases (HDACs) are epigenetic enzymes which participate in transcriptional repression and chromatin condensation mechanisms by removing the acetyl moiety from acetylated ε-amino group of histone lysines and other non-histone proteins. In recent years, HDAC8, a class I HDAC, has emerged as a promising target for different disorders, including X-linked intellectual disability, fibrotic diseases, cancer, and various neuropathological conditions. Selective HDAC8 targeting is required to limit side effects deriving from the treatment with pan-HDAC inhibitors (HDACis); thus, many endeavours have focused on the development of selective HDAC8is. In addition, polypharmacological approaches have been explored to achieve a synergistic action on multi-factorial diseases or to enhance the drug efficacy. In this frame, proteolysis-targeting chimeras (PROTACs) might be regarded as a dual-targeting approach for attaining HDAC8 proteasomal degradation. This review highlights the most relevant and recent advances relative to HDAC8 validation in various diseases, providing a snapshot of the current selective HDAC8is, with a focus on polyfunctional modulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Fontana
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Ilaria Cursaro
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Gabriele Carullo
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Sandra Gemma
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Stefania Butini
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-057-723-4161
| | - Giuseppe Campiani
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
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Liu S, Gao X, Wang Y, Wang J, Qi X, Dong K, Shi D, Wu X, Guo C. Baicalein-loaded silk fibroin peptide nanofibers protect against cisplatin-induced acute kidney injury: fabrication, characterization and mechanism. Int J Pharm 2022; 626:122161. [PMID: 36058409 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2022.122161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/28/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Silk fibroin (SF) is a natural polymeric biomaterial widely used in the preparation of drug delivery systems. Herein, silk fibroin peptide (SFP) was self-assembled into nanofibers, encapsulated a poorly water-soluble drug baicalein (SFP/BA NFs), and then used to protect against cisplatin-induced acute kidney injury (AKI). Specifically, the SFP/BA NFs significantly enhanced the aqueous dispersity, storage stability, and in vitro antioxidant activity of BA. SFP/BA NFs increased the drug uptake and localization to mitochondria. In vitro results demonstrated that SFP/BA NFs can relieve the cisplatin-induced HK-2 cell damage, and inhibit the cisplatin-induced accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) disruption. Mechanism studies demonstrated that SFP/BA NFs may exert nephroprotective effects by inhibiting both the cisplatin-induced DNA damage and the cGAS/STING pathway activation. In vivo results showed that cisplatin treatment resulted in decreased body weight, increased serum creatinine (SCr), and increased blood urea nitrogen (BUN) levels, while SFP/BA NFs reversed the above symptoms. Furthermore, SFP/BA NFs reversed the cisplatin-induced abnormal changes of antioxidant enzymes (e.g., SOD and GSH), and inhibited the cisplatin-induced DNA damage as well as the activation of cGAS/TING. Above all, our results revealed the potential of SFP/BA NFs to protect against cisplatin-induced AKI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Xintao Gao
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Yaqi Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Biology Science and Technology, Baotou Teacher's College, Baotou 014030, China
| | - Xueju Qi
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Kehong Dong
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Dayong Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266273, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaochen Wu
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China.
| | - Chuanlong Guo
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China; State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266273, Shandong, China.
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30
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Effects of Origanum vulgare and Scutellaria baicalensis on the Physiological Activity and Biochemical Parameters of the Blood in Rats on a High-Fat Diet. Sci Pharm 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/scipharm90030049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The pharmacological effects of medicinal plants play a primary role in the mild correction of body weight in humans and animals, reducing the accumulation of fat in their bodies during a state of obesity. Origanum vulgare L. and Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi are widely used as food additives and medicinal plants, but their comprehensive physiological evaluation in model animals in a state of obesity has not been carried out. In a 30-day laboratory experiment on male rats which had developed obesity through a hypercaloric diet, the effects of adding the dry crushed grass O. vulgare or dry crushed roots of S. baicalensis to their feed was evaluated. During the experiment, the rats fed with O. vulgare increased in body weight to only 105.5% of their initial weight, while the body weight of the control group increased to 111.5%, and that of animals fed on S. baicalensis increased to 124.0% of their initial body weight. The average daily increase in the rats’ body weight when O. vulgare was added to their diet decreased to 205 mg/day, and when S. baicalensis was added, on the contrary, it increased to 1417 mg/day, compared to 700 mg/day among the control group. Under the influence of O. vulgare, the lipid metabolism of the rats normalized: the atherogenic index decreased to 33.7%, compared with the values of the control group, due to an increase in the concentration of high-density lipoproteins from cholesterol. The concentration of triglycerides decreased, and the concentration of glucose decreased. The roots of S. baicalensis being added into the diet of rats increased the activity of alkaline phosphatase and decreased the concentration of urea. The atherogenic index also decreased (by up to 35.5% in the control group) and the concentration of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol increased, while the concentrations of triglycerides and glucose decreased. The physical activity of the rats showed a slight tendency to decrease when both O. vulgare and S. baicalensis were added to their diet. Both plant species contributed to a decrease in the emotional status of animals, which was most pronounced when the O. vulgare grass was added to the feed. The results of the study demonstrate the potential of the use of O. vulgare and S. baicalensis as herbal supplementations for the correction of hyperlipidemia and type-2 diabetes mellitus in overweight patients.
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Yao Y, Tang Y, Zhou Y, Yang Z, Wei G. Baicalein exhibits differential effects and mechanisms towards disruption of α-synuclein fibrils with different polymorphs. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 220:316-325. [PMID: 35981677 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.08.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2022] [Revised: 07/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative diseases with no cure yet and its major hallmark is α-synuclein fibrillary aggregates. The crucial role of α-synuclein aggregation in PD makes it an attractive target for potential disease-modifying therapies. Disaggregation of α-synuclein fibrils is considered as one of the promising therapeutic strategies to treat PD. The wild type (WT) and mutant α-synuclein fibrils exhibit different polymorphs and provide therapeutic targets for PD. Recent experiments reported that a flavonoid baicalein can disrupt WT α-synuclein fibrils. However, the underlying disruptive mechanism remains largely elusive, and whether BAC is capable of disrupting mutant α-synuclein fibrils is also unknown. Herein, we performed microsecond molecular dynamics simulations on cryo-EM-determined WT and two familial PD-associated mutant (E46K and H50Q) α-synuclein fibrils with and without baicalein. We find that baicalein destructs WT fibril by disrupting E46-K80 salt-bridge and β-sheets, and by remodeling the inter-protofilament interface. And baicalein can also damage E46K and H50Q mutant fibrils, but to different extents and via different mechanisms. The E46K fibril disruption is initiated from E61-K80 salt-bridge and N-terminal β-sheet, while the H50Q fibril disruption starts from the inter-protofilament interface and N-terminal β-sheet. These results reveal that disruptive effects and modes of baicalein on α-synuclein fibrils are polymorphism-dependent. This study suggests that baicalein may be a potential drug candidate to disrupt both WT and E46K/H50Q mutant α-synuclein fibrils and alleviate the pathological process of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifei Yao
- Department of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics, Key Laboratory for Computational Physical Sciences (Ministry of Education), Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, People's Republic of China
| | - Yiming Tang
- Department of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics, Key Laboratory for Computational Physical Sciences (Ministry of Education), Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, People's Republic of China
| | - Yun Zhou
- Department of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics, Key Laboratory for Computational Physical Sciences (Ministry of Education), Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhongyuan Yang
- Department of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics, Key Laboratory for Computational Physical Sciences (Ministry of Education), Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, People's Republic of China
| | - Guanghong Wei
- Department of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics, Key Laboratory for Computational Physical Sciences (Ministry of Education), Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, People's Republic of China.
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Protective and therapeutic effects of Scutellaria baicalensis and its main active ingredients baicalin and baicalein against natural toxicities and physical hazards: a review of mechanisms. Daru 2022; 30:351-366. [PMID: 35870110 PMCID: PMC9715893 DOI: 10.1007/s40199-022-00443-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 10/16/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Scutellaria baicalensis (SB) has been traditionally used to combat a variety of conditions ranging from ischemic heart disease to cancer. The protective effects of SB are due to the action of two main flavonoids baicalin (BA) and baicalein (BE). This paper aimed to provide a narrative review of the protective and antidotal effects of SB and its main constituents against natural toxicities and physical hazards. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION Scientific databases Medline, Scopus, and Web of Science were thoroughly searched, based on different keywords for in vivo, in vitro and clinical studies which reported protective or therapeutic effects of SB or its constituents in natural and physical toxicities. RESULTS Numerous studies have reported that treatment with BE, BA, or total SB extract prevents or counteracts the detrimental toxic effects of various natural compounds and physical hazards. The toxic agents include mycotoxins, lipopolysaccharide, multiple plants and animal-derived substances as well as physical factors which negatively affected vital organs such as CNS, liver, kidneys, lung and heart. Increasing the expression of radical scavenging enzymes and glutathione content as well as inhibition of pro-inflammatory cytokines and pro-apoptotic mediators were important mechanisms of action. CONCLUSION Different studies on the Chinese skullcap have exhibited that its total root extract, BA or BE can act as potential antidotes or protective agents against the damage induced by natural toxins and physical factors by alleviating oxidative stress and inflammation. However, the scarcity of high-quality clinical evidence means that further clinical studies are required to reach a more definitive conclusion.
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Liu Y, Chen Z, Li A, Liu R, Yang H, Xia X. The Phytochemical Potential for Brain Disease Therapy and the Possible Nanodelivery Solutions for Brain Access. Front Oncol 2022; 12:936054. [PMID: 35814371 PMCID: PMC9259986 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.936054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant-derived phytochemicals have gifted humans with vast therapeutic potentials. Yet, the unique features of the blood–brain barrier significantly limit their accession to the target tissue and thus clinical translation in brain disease treatment. Herein, we explore the medicinal outcomes of both the rare examples of phytochemicals that can easily translocate across the blood–brain barrier and most of the phytochemicals that were reported with brain therapeutic effects, but a bizarre amount of dosage is required due to their chemical nature. Lastly, we offer the nanodelivery platform that is capable of optimizing the targeted delivery and application of the non-permeable phytochemicals as well as utilizing the permeable phytochemicals for boosting novel applications of nanodelivery toward brain therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- Henan-Macquarie University Joint Centre for Biomedical Innovation, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Brain Targeted Bio-nanomedicine, School of Life Sciences & School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Zhouchun Chen
- Henan-Macquarie University Joint Centre for Biomedical Innovation, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Brain Targeted Bio-nanomedicine, School of Life Sciences & School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Aijie Li
- Henan-Macquarie University Joint Centre for Biomedical Innovation, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Brain Targeted Bio-nanomedicine, School of Life Sciences & School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Runhan Liu
- Henan-Macquarie University Joint Centre for Biomedical Innovation, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Brain Targeted Bio-nanomedicine, School of Life Sciences & School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Haoying Yang
- Henan-Macquarie University Joint Centre for Biomedical Innovation, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Brain Targeted Bio-nanomedicine, School of Life Sciences & School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Xue Xia
- Henan-Macquarie University Joint Centre for Biomedical Innovation, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Brain Targeted Bio-nanomedicine, School of Life Sciences & School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
- *Correspondence: Xue Xia,
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Song D, Zhang J, Li J, Kong X, Jiang Y, Xu J, Zhang X, Zhao Q. Effective Parts of Gentiana straminea Maxim Attenuates Hypoxia-Induced Oxidative Stress and Apoptosis. Dose Response 2022; 20:15593258221100986. [PMID: 35602583 PMCID: PMC9121479 DOI: 10.1177/15593258221100986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia occurs in physiological situations and several pathological situations, inducing oxidative stress. G straminea Maxim (G.s Maxim) is a traditional Tibetan medicine that exerts several biological effects. This study focused on the protective effects of G.s Maxim in hypoxia-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis. We found that G.s Maxim significantly increased survival and reduced oxidative stress in hypoxic mice. Various extraction parts of G.s Maxim showed antioxidant activity and significantly improved survival in hypoxia-injured PC12 cells. G.s Maxim reduced hypoxia-induced cell apoptosis and leakage of lactate dehydrogenase. Hypoxic cells had increased malondialdehyde levels but reduced superoxide dismutase activity and G.s Maxim reversed these effects. Moreover, G.s Maxim suppressed hypoxia-induced apoptosis by inducing protein expression of B cell leukemia/lymphoma-2 and reducing the expression of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α, Bcl-2-associated X, and nuclear factor-k-gene binding. These findings suggest that G.s Maxim attenuates hypoxia-induced injury associated with oxidative stress and apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Song
- Joint Laboratory for Research on Active
Components and Pharmacological Mechanism of Tibetan Materia Medica of Tibetan Medical
Research Center of Tibet, School of Medicine, Xizang Minzu University, Xianyang, China
| | - Jingyu Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou, China
| | - Jie Li
- Joint Laboratory for Research on Active
Components and Pharmacological Mechanism of Tibetan Materia Medica of Tibetan Medical
Research Center of Tibet, School of Medicine, Xizang Minzu University, Xianyang, China
| | - Xiumei Kong
- Joint Laboratory for Research on Active
Components and Pharmacological Mechanism of Tibetan Materia Medica of Tibetan Medical
Research Center of Tibet, School of Medicine, Xizang Minzu University, Xianyang, China
| | - Yi Jiang
- Joint Laboratory for Research on Active
Components and Pharmacological Mechanism of Tibetan Materia Medica of Tibetan Medical
Research Center of Tibet, School of Medicine, Xizang Minzu University, Xianyang, China
| | - Jiaojiao Xu
- Joint Laboratory for Research on Active
Components and Pharmacological Mechanism of Tibetan Materia Medica of Tibetan Medical
Research Center of Tibet, School of Medicine, Xizang Minzu University, Xianyang, China
| | - Xiaoying Zhang
- Joint Laboratory for Research on Active
Components and Pharmacological Mechanism of Tibetan Materia Medica of Tibetan Medical
Research Center of Tibet, School of Medicine, Xizang Minzu University, Xianyang, China
| | - Qin Zhao
- Joint Laboratory for Research on Active
Components and Pharmacological Mechanism of Tibetan Materia Medica of Tibetan Medical
Research Center of Tibet, School of Medicine, Xizang Minzu University, Xianyang, China
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Ke PY, Chang CW, Hsiao YC. Baicalein Activates Parkin-Dependent Mitophagy through NDP52 and OPTN. Cells 2022; 11:cells11071132. [PMID: 35406696 PMCID: PMC8997844 DOI: 10.3390/cells11071132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The elimination of intracellular components by autophagy maintains metabolic homeostasis and is a quality-control pathway that enables organelle regeneration. Mitophagy is a type of selective autophagy that regulates mitochondrial turnover, and the dysregulation of mitophagy has been implicated in the pathogenesis of liver diseases. However, the detailed molecular mechanism underlying mitophagy regulation in liver cells remains unclear, and the small molecules that may potentially modulate hepatic mitophagy are still unavailable. Here, we report that baicalein, a flavonoid extracted from Scutellaria baicalensis, induces the entire autophagy that proceeds through the autolysosome maturation stage in human hepatoma cells. In addition, baicalein-induced autophagy is demonstrated to target mitochondria for degradation. Further studies show that baicalein triggers the translocation of Parkin and TBK1 to mitochondria to induce mitophagy. Moreover, the phosphorylation of TBK1 at Ser172 and ubiquitin at Ser65 is shown to trigger mitophagy in baicalein-treated cells. Furthermore, two specific autophagy cargo receptors, NDP52 and OPTN, that function in baicalein-activated mitophagy are identified. Taken together, these findings not only delineate the molecular process of Parkin-dependent mitophagy in liver cells, but also reveal baicalein as a novel inducer of hepatic mitophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Po-Yuan Ke
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology and Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan; (C.-W.C.); (Y.-C.H.)
- Liver Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-3-2118800 (ext. 5115); Fax: +886-3-211-8700
| | - Chih-Wei Chang
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology and Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan; (C.-W.C.); (Y.-C.H.)
| | - Yuan-Chao Hsiao
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology and Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan; (C.-W.C.); (Y.-C.H.)
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Li J, Wang Y, Wu T, Li S, Sun YN, Liu ZH. Baicalein suppresses high glucose-induced inflammation and apoptosis in trophoblasts by targeting the miRNA-17-5p-Mfn1/2-NF-κB pathway. Placenta 2022; 121:126-136. [DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2022.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 02/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Zhang FW, Peng LY, Shi CJ, Li JC, Pang FX, Fu WM, Pan XH, Zhang JF. Baicalein mediates the anti-tumor activity in Osteosarcoma through lncRNA-NEF driven Wnt/β-catenin signaling regulatory axis. J Orthop Translat 2022; 33:132-141. [PMID: 35330943 PMCID: PMC8919235 DOI: 10.1016/j.jot.2021.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Osteosarcoma (OS) is a common type of malignant bone tumor in adolescents with high risk of metastasis. However, the clinical management still remains unsatisfactory. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has been widely considered as an alternative treatment, and their extracts have proved to possess great potential for drug discovery. Baicalein (BA), the active pharmaceutical ingredient of rhizoma coptidis, was proved to have anti-tumor properties in OS, but the mechanism remains poorly understood. Methods The potential anti-cancer effects on cell growth, cell cycle, apoptosis and migration were examined in OS cells. Moreover, the lncRNA-Neighboring Enhancer of FOXA2 (lncRNA-NEF) and Wnt/β-catenin signaling were detected by qPCR and Western blotting assays. The in vivo effect of GA on tumor growth was investigated using a xenograft mice model. Results In the present study, BA was found to significantly suppress tumor growth in vitro and in vivo. And it was also found to inhibit the invasion and metastasis as well. As for the mechanism investigation, lncRNA-NEF was obviously upregulated by BA in OS cells, and thus induced the inactivation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Moreover, lncRNA-NEF knockdown partially reversed the BA-induced anti-cancer activities; and successfully compensated the suppressive effect on Wnt/β-catenin signaling. We therefore suggested that BA induced the inactivation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling through promoting lncRNA-NEF expression. Conclusions In conclude, our results demonstrated that BA suppressed tumor growth and metastasis in vitro and in vivo through an lncRNA-NEF driven Wnt/β-catenin regulatory axis, in which lncRNA-NEF was upregulated by BA, and thus induced the inactivation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling. The Translational potential of this article The findings derived from this study validates the anti-cancer activity of BA in OS and provides a novel underlying mechanism, which suggest that BA may be a potential candidate to develop the effective drug for OS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng-wei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, The First Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, PR China
- Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, PR China
| | - Li-yang Peng
- Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, The First Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, PR China
- Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, PR China
| | - Chuan-Jian Shi
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 511458, PR China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, PR China
| | - Jian-chi Li
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Shenzhen Tenth People's Hospital Affiliated to Jinan University, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Shenzhen Hospital (Guangming), Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518106, PR China
| | - Feng-xiang Pang
- Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, The First Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, PR China
- Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, PR China
| | - Wei-ming Fu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 511458, PR China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, PR China
| | - Xiao-hua Pan
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, The Clinical Medical College of Guangdong Medical University, People's Hospital of Shenzhen Baoan District, Shenzhen, PR China
- Corresponding author. Department of Orthopaedics , The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, PR China.
| | - Jin-fang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, The First Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, PR China
- Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, PR China
- Corresponding author. Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, The First Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, PR China.
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Chen M, Peng L, Gong P, Zheng X, Sun T, Zhang X, Huo J. Baicalein Induces Mitochondrial Autophagy to Prevent Parkinson's Disease in Rats via miR-30b and the SIRT1/AMPK/mTOR Pathway. Front Neurol 2022; 12:646817. [PMID: 35237220 PMCID: PMC8883053 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2021.646817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a prevailing neurodegenerative disorder. Baicalein has neuroprotective effects on PD animals, but its mechanism is not clarified. We explored baicalein effects on PD rats. PD rat models were established by injecting 6-hydroxydopamine into the striatum of substantia nigra on the left side of the rat brain and treated with baicalein. Dopamine (DA) content, neuronal apoptosis, neuronal injury, neuronal mitochondria, and autophagy were assessed. Baicalein-treated PD rats were treated with autophagy inhibitor 3-methyladenine to identify the role of autophagy in PD. PD rats were injected with AgomiR-30b-5p or sh-SIRT1 plasmids and treated with baicalein. PD rats elicited decreased neurological score and DA secretion of the striatum, increased neuronal apoptosis, and injury, and reduced number of mitochondria and autophagy, whereas baicalein alleviated neuronal injury and partly recovered mitochondrial dysfunction, 3-methyladenine inhibited the protection of baicalein. miR-30b-5p was elevated and SIRT1 was diminished in PD rats and inhibited by baicalein. miR-30b-5p targeted SIRT1. miR-30b-5p overexpression or SIRT1 silencing annulled the protection of baicalein. The phosphorylation level of AMPK in the substantia nigra of PD rats was decreased and mTOR was increased, whereas baicalein annulled these trends. Briefly, baicalein activated mitochondrial autophagy via miR-30b-5p and the SIRT1/AMPK/mTOR pathway, thus protecting PD rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Chen
- Department of Geriatrics, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Hubei, China
| | - Li Peng
- Department of Geriatrics, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Hubei, China
| | - Ping Gong
- Department of Geriatrics, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Hubei, China
| | - Xiaoli Zheng
- Department of Geriatrics, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Hubei, China
| | - Tao Sun
- Department of Surgery, Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Guizhou, China
| | - Xiaoqiao Zhang
- Department of Geriatrics, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Hubei, China
| | - Jiangtao Huo
- Department of Geriatrics, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Hubei, China
- *Correspondence: Jiangtao Huo
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Mitra S, Tareq AM, Das R, Emran TB, Nainu F, Chakraborty AJ, Ahmad I, Tallei TE, Idris AM, Simal-Gandara J. Polyphenols: A first evidence in the synergism and bioactivities. FOOD REVIEWS INTERNATIONAL 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/87559129.2022.2026376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Saikat Mitra
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Abu Montakim Tareq
- Department of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Chittagong, Chittagong, Bangladesh
| | - Rajib Das
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Talha Bin Emran
- Department of Pharmacy, Bgc Trust University Bangladesh, Chittagong, Bangladesh
| | - Firzan Nainu
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Hasanuddin University, Tamalanrea, Makassar, Indonesia
| | | | - Islamudin Ahmad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Mulawarman, Samarinda, Indonesia
| | - Trina E. Tallei
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Sam Ratulangi University, Manado, Indonesia
| | - Abubakr M. Idris
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
- Research Center for Advanced Materials Science (Rcams), King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jesus Simal-Gandara
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food Science, Faculty of Science, Universidade de Vigo, Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Ourense, E32004, Spain
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Hu Z, Guan Y, Hu W, Xu Z, Ishfaq M. An overview of pharmacological activities of baicalin and its aglycone baicalein: New insights into molecular mechanisms and signaling pathways. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF BASIC MEDICAL SCIENCES 2022; 25:14-26. [PMID: 35656442 PMCID: PMC9118284 DOI: 10.22038/ijbms.2022.60380.13381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The flavonoids, baicalin, and its aglycone baicalein possess multi-fold therapeutic properties and are mainly found in the roots of Oroxylum indicum (L.) Kurz and Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi. These flavonoids have been reported to possess various pharmacological properties, including antibacterial, antiviral, anticancer, anticonvulsant, anti-oxidant, hepatoprotective, and neuroprotective effects. The pharmacological properties of baicalin and baicalein are due to their abilities to scavenge reactive oxygen species (ROS) and interaction with various signaling molecules associated with apoptosis, inflammation, autophagy, cell cycle, mitochondrial dynamics, and cytoprotection. In this review, we summarized the molecular mechanisms underlying the chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic applications of baicalin and baicalein in the treatment of cancer and inflammatory diseases. In addition, the preventive effects of baicalin and baicalein on mitochondrial dynamics and functions were highlighted with a particular emphasis on their anti-oxidative and cytoprotective properties. The current review highlights could be useful for future prospective studies to further improve the pharmacological applications of baicalein and baicalin. These studies should define the threshold for optimal drug exposure, dose optimization and focus on therapeutic drug monitoring, objective disease markers, and baicalin/baicalein drug levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihua Hu
- College of Computer Science, Huanggang Normal University, Huanggang 438000, China.,These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Yurong Guan
- College of Computer Science, Huanggang Normal University, Huanggang 438000, China.,These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Wanying Hu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, 600 Changjiang Road, Xiangfang District, Harbin 150030, P. R. China
| | - Zhiyong Xu
- Hubei Zhiying Medical Imaging Center, Radiology Department of Huanggang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China
| | - Muhammad Ishfaq
- College of Computer Science, Huanggang Normal University, Huanggang 438000, China
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Shi J, Li Y, Zhang Y, Chen J, Gao J, Zhang T, Shang X, Zhang X. Baicalein Ameliorates Aβ-Induced Memory Deficits and Neuronal Atrophy via Inhibition of PDE2 and PDE4. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:794458. [PMID: 34966284 PMCID: PMC8711762 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.794458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Inhibition of phosphodiesterase 2 and 4 (PDE2A and PDE4) increases the intracellular cAMP and/or cGMP levels, which may prevent Amyloid β 42 oligomers (Aβ) related cognitive impairment and dementias. Baicalein, one of natural flavones found in the root of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi, has a wide range of pharmacological activities including antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. However, no studies suggest whether baicalein mediated anti-Alzheimer’s disease (AD) events involve PDEs subtypes-mediated neuroprotective pathways. The present study examined whether memory enhancing effects of baicalein on Aβ- induced cognitive impairment are related to regulating neuroplasticity via PDE2 and PDE4 subtypes dependent cAMP/cGMP neuroprotective pathway. The results suggested that microinjected of Aβ into CA1 of hippocampus induced cognitive and memory impairment in mice, as evidenced by decreased recognition index in the novel object recognition (NOR) task, impaired memory acquisition, retention and retrieval in the Morris water maze (MWM) and shuttle box tests. These effects were reversed by treatment with baicalein for 14 days. Moreover, Aβ-induced neuronal atrophy and decreased expression of two synaptic proteins, synaptophysin and PSD 95, were prevented by baicalein. The increased expression of PDE2A and PDE4 subtypes (PDE4A, PDE4B and PDE4D), and decreased levels of cAMP/cGMP, pCREB/CREB and BDNF induced by Aβ were also blocked by chronic treatment of baicalein for 14 days. These findings suggest that baicalein’s reversal of Aβ-induced memory and cognitive disorder may involve the regulation of neuronal remodeling via regulation of PDE2/PDE4 subtypes related cAMP/cGMP -pCREB-BDNF pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Shi
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Materia Medica, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Materia Medica, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Materia Medica, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jie Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Materia Medica, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jianqing Gao
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tianyuan Zhang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoguang Shang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Materia Medica, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiangnan Zhang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Li S, Zhang Y, Fei L, Zhang Y, Pang J, Gao W, Fan F, Xing Y, Li X. Baicalein ameliorated cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury dependent on calpain 1/AIF pathway. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2021; 86:305-312. [PMID: 34935885 DOI: 10.1093/bbb/zbab222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Cerebral ischemia-reperfusion (CIR) has become the leading cause of death and disability. Baicalein is a natural bioactive ingredient extracted from Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi and has neuroprotective activity. In our work, baicalein was found to reduce neurological deficits, brain water content, infarct area and neuronal death of rats induced by middle cerebral artery occlusion/reperfusion. In vitro, oxygen-glucose deprivation/reperfusion induced inordinate ROS production and apoptosis that could be reversed by baicalein. Our study revealed for the first time that baicalein has the potential to binds and inhibits the activity of calpain 1, thereby inhibiting AIF nuclear translocation. These findings demonstrated that baicalein protected against CIR injury via inhibiting AIF nuclear translocation by inhibiting calpain 1 activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Li
- School of pharmacy, Bengbu Medical College, 233030, Bengbu, Anhui, China
| | - Yaoshuai Zhang
- School of pharmacy, Bengbu Medical College, 233030, Bengbu, Anhui, China
| | - Lili Fei
- School of pharmacy, Bengbu Medical College, 233030, Bengbu, Anhui, China
| | - Yuhan Zhang
- School of pharmacy, Bengbu Medical College, 233030, Bengbu, Anhui, China
| | - Jinlong Pang
- School of pharmacy, Bengbu Medical College, 233030, Bengbu, Anhui, China
| | - Wei Gao
- School of pharmacy, Bengbu Medical College, 233030, Bengbu, Anhui, China
| | - Fangtian Fan
- School of pharmacy, Bengbu Medical College, 233030, Bengbu, Anhui, China
| | - Yadong Xing
- School of pharmacy, Bengbu Medical College, 233030, Bengbu, Anhui, China
| | - Xian Li
- School of pharmacy, Bengbu Medical College, 233030, Bengbu, Anhui, China
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Kakularam KR, Karst F, Polamarasetty A, Ivanov I, Heydeck D, Kuhn H. Paralog- and ortholog-specificity of inhibitors of human and mouse lipoxygenase-isoforms. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 145:112434. [PMID: 34801853 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipoxygenases (ALOX-isoforms) are lipid peroxidizing enzymes, which have been implicated in cell differentiation and maturation but also in the biosynthesis of lipid mediators playing important roles in the pathogenesis of inflammatory, hyperproliferative and neurological diseases. In mammals these enzymes are widely distributed and the human genome involves six functional genes encoding for six distinct human ALOX paralogs. In mice, there is an orthologous enzyme for each human ALOX paralog but the catalytic properties of human and mouse ALOX orthologs show remarkable differences. ALOX inhibitors are frequently employed for deciphering the biological role of these enzymes in mouse models of human diseases but owing to the functional differences between mouse and human ALOX orthologs the uncritical use of such inhibitors is sometimes misleading. In this study we evaluated the paralog- and ortholog-specificity of 13 frequently employed ALOX-inhibitors against four recombinant human and mouse ALOX paralogs (ALOX15, ALOX15B, ALOX12, ALOX5) under different experimental conditions. Our results indicated that except for zileuton, which exhibits a remarkable paralog-specificity for mouse and human ALOX5, no other inhibitor was strictly paralog specific but some compounds exhibit an interesting ortholog-specificity. Because of the variable isoform specificities of the currently available ALOX inhibitors care must be taken when the biological effects of these compounds observed in complex in vitro and in vivo systems are interpreted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kumar Reddy Kakularam
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Department of Biochemistry, Chariteplatz 1, D-10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Felix Karst
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Department of Biochemistry, Chariteplatz 1, D-10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Aparoy Polamarasetty
- Indian Institute of Petroleum and Energy, Visakhapatnam 530003, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Igor Ivanov
- Lomonosov Institute of Fine Chemical Technologies, MIREA - Russian Technological University, Vernadskogo Pr. 86, 119571 Moscow, Russia
| | - Dagmar Heydeck
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Department of Biochemistry, Chariteplatz 1, D-10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Hartmut Kuhn
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Department of Biochemistry, Chariteplatz 1, D-10117 Berlin, Germany.
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Song Q, Peng S, Zhu X. Baicalein protects against MPP +/MPTP-induced neurotoxicity by ameliorating oxidative stress in SH-SY5Y cells and mouse model of Parkinson's disease. Neurotoxicology 2021; 87:188-194. [PMID: 34666128 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2021.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Baicalein, a major bioactive flavone constituent isolated from Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi, has neuroprotective properties in several neurological disorders. Many studies suggest that oxidative stress plays a central role in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD). Baicalein has also been shown to have antioxidant effects. Therefore, the current study was designed to investigate whether baicalein could protect against MPP+/MPTP-induced neurotoxicity via suppressing oxidative stress in vitro and in vivo. In vitro, our results showed that baicalein increased cell viability in MPP+-treated SH-SY5Y cells. Treatment with baicalein could reversed the increased MDA and ROS levels, and the decreased GSH levels in MPP+-treated SH-SY5Y cells. In MPTP-treated mice, baicalein ameliorated MPTP-induced motor impairment and suppressed the MPTP-induced accumulation of iron and lipid peroxides. Besides, baicalein improved the neurotoxicity induced by MPTP as seen by a significant raise of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and simultaneous decrease of monoamine-oxidase-B (MAO-B). The inhibitory effect of baicalein on oxidative stress probably was partially governed by inhibition of ERK activation. In conclusion, our results suggest that baicalein could prevent MPP+/MPTP-induced neurotoxicity via suppressing oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingxin Song
- Department of Infection Management, Linyi People's Hospital, Shandong University, Linyi, Shandong 276003, China; Department of Neurosurgery, Linyi People's Hospital, Shandong University, Linyi, Shandong 276003, China
| | - Shanxin Peng
- Department of Infection Management, Linyi People's Hospital, Shandong University, Linyi, Shandong 276003, China; Central Laboratory, Linyi People's Hospital, Shandong University, Linyi, Shandong 276003, China
| | - Xiaosong Zhu
- Department of Infection Management, Linyi People's Hospital, Shandong University, Linyi, Shandong 276003, China; Central Laboratory, Linyi People's Hospital, Shandong University, Linyi, Shandong 276003, China.
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Lopresti AL, Smith SJ, Majeed M, Drummond PD. Effects of an Oroxylum indicum Extract (Sabroxy ®) on Cognitive Function in Adults With Self-reported Mild Cognitive Impairment: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study. Front Aging Neurosci 2021; 13:728360. [PMID: 34531736 PMCID: PMC8438240 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.728360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Oroxylum indicum has been used in traditional Ayurvedic medicine for the prevention and treatment of several diseases and may have neuroprotective effects. Purpose: Examine the effects of Oroxylum indicum on cognitive function in older adults with self-reported cognitive complaints. Study Design: Two-arm, parallel-group, 12-week, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Methods: Eighty-two volunteers received either 500 mg, twice daily of a standardized Oroxylum indicum extract or placebo. Outcome measures included several computer-based cognitive tasks, the Control, Autonomy, Self-Realization, and Pleasure scale (CASP-19), Cognitive Failures Questionnaire (CFQ), and the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA). Changes in the concentration of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) were also examined. Results: Compared to the placebo, Oroxylum indicum was associated with greater improvements in episodic memory, and on several computer-based cognitive tasks such as immediate word recall and numeric working memory, and a faster rate of learning on the location learning task. However, there were no other significant differences in performance on the other assessed cognitive tests, the MoCA total score, or other self-report questionnaires. BDNF concentrations increased significantly in both groups, with no statistically-significant between-group differences. Oroxylum indicum was well tolerated except for an increased tendency for mild digestive complaints and headaches. Conclusion: The results of this first human trial on the cognitive-enhancing effects of Oroxylum indicum suggest that it is a promising herbal candidate for the improvement of cognitive function in older adults with self-reported cognitive complaints.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian L Lopresti
- Clinical Research Australia, Perth, WA, Australia.,College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Stephen J Smith
- Clinical Research Australia, Perth, WA, Australia.,College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Muhammed Majeed
- Sami-Sabinsa Group Limited, Peenya Industrial Area, Bangalore, India
| | - Peter D Drummond
- College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, Australia
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Baicalein Mediates Mitochondrial Autophagy via miR-30b and the NIX/BNIP3 Signaling Pathway in Parkinson's Disease. Biochem Res Int 2021; 2021:2319412. [PMID: 34457363 PMCID: PMC8390153 DOI: 10.1155/2021/2319412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is regarded as a severe neurodegenerative disorder. Baicalein is involved in the treatment of PD. This study explored the mechanism of baicalein in PD. The PD rat model was established using 6-hydroxydopamine. The neurologic score, dopamine (DA) content, apoptotic cells, and neuronal damage were evaluated after rats were treated with baicalein. Autophagy in PD rats was inhibited using 3-methyladenine (3-MA). The mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and autophagy-related proteins (LC3, P62) were detected. Next, agomiR-30b was transfected into PD rats. The targeting relation between miR-30b and NIX was predicted and verified. Then, sh-NIX was transfected into PD rats, and the effects of miR-30b and NIX on MMP, LC3, and P62 were assessed. When miR-30b was overexpressed using agomiR-30b, the NIX and BNIP3 levels were detected. Baicalein increased the neurological score and restored DA content, neurons, MMP, and mitochondrial autophagy protein levels. Baicalein inhibited miR-30b expression and miR-30b targeted NIX. miR-30b upregulation or NIX silencing reversed the effect of baicalein on MMP and mitochondrial autophagy. Baicalein upregulated NIX and BNIP3 expressions, while miR-30b overexpression inhibited NIX and BNIP3 expressions. In summary, baicalein mediated mitochondrial autophagy and restored neuronal activity by downregulating miR-30b and activating the NIX/BNIP3 pathway, thus protecting against PD.
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Wang K, Lei L, Cao J, Qiao Y, Liang R, Duan J, Feng Z, Ding Y, Ma Y, Yang Z, Zhang E. Network pharmacology-based prediction of the active compounds and mechanism of Buyang Huanwu Decoction for ischemic stroke. Exp Ther Med 2021; 22:1050. [PMID: 34434264 PMCID: PMC8353622 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.10484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Buyang Huanwu Decoction (BYHWD) is used to promote blood circulation and is widely used in Chinese clinical practice for the treatment and prevention of ischemic cerebral vascular diseases. However, the mechanism and active compounds of BYHWD used to treat ischemic stroke are not well understood. The current study aimed to identify the potential active components of BYHWD and explore its mechanism using network pharmacology and bioinformatics analyses. The compounds of BYHWD were obtained from public databases. Oral bioavailability and drug-likeness were screened using the absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion (ADME) criteria. Components of BYHWD, alongside the candidate targets of each component and the known therapeutic targets of ischemic stroke were collected. A network of target gene compounds and cerebral ischemia compounds was established using network pharmacology data sources. The enrichment of key targets and pathways was analyzed using STRING and DAVID databases. Moreover, three of key targets [IL6, VEGFA and hypoxia-inducible-factor-1α (HIF-1α)] were verified using western blot analysis. Network analysis determined 102 compounds in seven herbal medicines that were subjected to ADME screening. A total of 42 compounds as well as 79 genes formed the principal pathways associated with ischemic stroke. The 16 key compounds identified were baicalein, beta-carotene, baicalin, kaempferol, luteolin, quercetin, hydroxysafflor yellow A, isorhamnetin, bifendate, formononetin, calycosin, astragaloside IV, stigmasterol, sitosterol, Z-ligustilide, and dihydrocapsaicin. The core genes in this network were IL6, TNF, VEGFA, HIF-1α, MAPK1, MAPK3, JUN, STAT3, IL1B and IL10. Furthermore, the TNF, IL17, apoptosis, PI3K-Akt, toll-like receptor, MAPK, NF-κB and HIF-1 signaling pathways were identified to be associated with ischemic stroke. Compared with the control group (no treatment), BYHWD significantly inhibited the expression of IL6 and increase the expression of HIF-1α and VEGFA. Network pharmacology analyses can help to reveal close interactions between multi-components and multi-targets and enhance understanding of the potential effects of BYHWD on ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China.,College of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, Shaanxi 712046, P.R. China
| | - Lu Lei
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Jinyi Cao
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Yi Qiao
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China.,Department of Pharmacology, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Ruimin Liang
- College of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, Shaanxi 712046, P.R. China
| | - Jialin Duan
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Zhijun Feng
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Yi Ding
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Yang Ma
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Zhifu Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Enhu Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, Shaanxi 712046, P.R. China
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AL-Ishaq RK, Liskova A, Kubatka P, Büsselberg D. Enzymatic Metabolism of Flavonoids by Gut Microbiota and Its Impact on Gastrointestinal Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:3934. [PMID: 34439088 PMCID: PMC8394324 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13163934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2021] [Revised: 07/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastrointestinal (GI) cancer is a prevalent global health disease with a massive burden on health care providers. Internal and external factors such as obesity, smoking, diet (red meat), low socioeconomic status and infection with Helicobacter pylori are the critical risk factors of GI cancers. Flavonoids are natural phenolic compounds found abundantly in fruits and vegetables. Upon ingestion, 90% of flavonoids consumed require further enzymatic metabolism by the gut microbiome to enhance their bioavailability and absorption. Several epidemiological studies reported that consumption of flavonoids and their enzymatic conversion by gut microbes is strongly associated with the reduced risk of GI cancer development. This review summarizes the current knowledge on the enzymatic conversion of flavonoids by the human gut microbiome. It also addresses the underlying anti-GI cancer effects on metabolic pathways such as apoptosis and cellular proliferation. Overall, metabolites produced from flavonoid's enzymatic conversion illustrate anti-GI cancer effects, but the mechanisms of action need further clarification.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alena Liskova
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 036 01 Martin, Slovakia;
| | - Peter Kubatka
- Department of Medical Biology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 036 01 Martin, Slovakia;
| | - Dietrich Büsselberg
- Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha 24144, Qatar;
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Baicalein 5,6-Dimethyl Ether Prevents Memory Deficits in the Scopolamine Zebrafish Model by Regulating Cholinergic and Antioxidant Systems. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10061245. [PMID: 34207381 PMCID: PMC8233988 DOI: 10.3390/plants10061245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Baicalein 5,6-dimethyl ether, a bioactive flavonoid isolated for the first time from Alnus rugosa, was explored for its capability to relieve memory deficits and decrease oxidative stress. We examined the neuropharmacological effects of baicalein 5,6-dimethyl ether on scopolamine (Sco)-induced zebrafish (Danio rerio) anxiety, amnesia, and brain oxidative stress and attempted to elucidate the underlying mechanisms. Anxiety-like behavior, exploratory behavior, and memory performance were measured using novel tank-diving test (NTT), Y-maze, and novel object recognition (NOR) tests. For 10 days, baicalein 5,6-dimethyl ether (1, 3, and 5 µg/L) was administered through immersion, whereas Sco (100 μM) was delivered 30 min before behavioral tests. Treatment with baicalein 5,6-dimethyl ether reduced anxiety and memory impairment, and increased exploratory behavior in specific tests, along with significant protection from neuronal oxidative stress in the brain tissue of Sco-treated zebrafish. Antioxidant and anti-acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activities of baicalein 5,6-dimethyl ether in the Sco-induced zebrafish were further confirmed using in vivo assays. In Sco-treated zebrafish, baicalein 5,6-dimethyl ether regulated cholinergic function by inhibiting AChE activity. Baicalein 5,6-dimethyl ether may be a promising candidate compound for treating anxiety and amnesia by restoring cholinergic activity and reducing brain oxidative stress, according to our findings.
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Zhu Y, Peng X, Zhang Y, Lin J, Zhao G. Baicalein Protects Against Aspergillus fumigatus Keratitis by Reducing Fungal Load and Inhibiting TSLP-Induced Inflammatory Response. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2021; 62:26. [PMID: 34038512 PMCID: PMC8164373 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.62.6.26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To investigate the antifungal and anti-inflammatory effects of baicalein on Aspergillus fumigatus (A. fumigatus) keratitis and the underlying mechanisms. Methods The noncytotoxic antifungal concentration of baicalein was determined using CCK8, cell scratch assay, minimum inhibitory concentration, biofilm formation, scanning electron microscopy, propidium iodide uptake test and adherence assay in vitro and Draize test in vivo. In fungal keratitis (FK) mouse models, clinical score and plate count were used to evaluate FK severity, and myeloperoxidase assay and immunofluorescence staining were performed to examine neutrophil infiltration and activity. Real-time PCR, ELISA, and Western blot were performed to explore the anti-inflammatory activity of baicalein and the underlying mechanisms in vivo and in vitro. Results Baicalein at 0.25 mM (noncytotoxic) significantly inhibited A. fumigatus growth, biofilm formation, and adhesion in vitro. In A. fumigatus keratitis mice, baicalein mitigated FK severity, reduced fungal load, and inhibited neutrophil infiltration and activity. Baicalein not only suppressed mRNA and protein levels of proinflammatory factors IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α, but also inhibited the expression of thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) and TSLP receptor (TSLPR) in vivo and in vitro. In HCECs, mRNA and protein levels of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α were significantly lower in the TSLP siRNA–treated group, while higher in the rTSLP-treated group than in the corresponding control. Baicalein treatment significantly inhibited rTSLP induced the expression of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α. Conclusions Baicalein plays a protective role in mouse A. fumigatus keratitis by inhibiting fungal growth, biofilm formation, and adhesion, and suppressing inflammatory response via downregulation of the TSLP/TSLPR pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunan Zhu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China
| | - Xudong Peng
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China
| | - Yingxue Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, United States
| | - Jing Lin
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China
| | - Guiqiu Zhao
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China
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