1
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Optimisation of the Extraction Process of Naringin and Its Effect on Reducing Blood Lipid Levels In Vitro. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28041788. [PMID: 36838786 PMCID: PMC9968178 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28041788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The naringin extraction process was optimised using response surface methodology (RSM). A central component design was adopted, which included four parameters: extraction temperature (X1), material-liquid ratio (X2), extraction time (X3), and ultrasonic frequency (X4) of 74.79 °C, 1.58 h, 1:56.51 g/mL, and 28.05 KHz, respectively. Based on these optimal extraction conditions, naringin was tested to verify the model's accuracy. Naringin yield was 36.2502 mg/g, which was equivalent to the predicted yield of 36.0124 mg/g. DM101 macroporous adsorption resin was used to purify naringin. The effects of loading concentration, loading flow rate, and sample pH on the adsorption rate of naringin and the effect of ethanol concentration on the desorption rate of naringin were investigated. The optimum conditions for naringin purification using macroporous resins were determined. The optimal loading concentration, sample solution pH, and loading flow rate were 0.075 mg/mL, 3.5, and 1.5 mL/min, respectively. Three parallel tests were conducted under these conditions, and the average naringin yield was 77.5643%. Naringin's structure was identified using infrared spectroscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance. In vitro determination of the lipid-lowering activity of naringin was also conducted. These results showed that naringin has potential applications as a functional food for lowering blood lipid levels.
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2
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Extraction of Naringin from Pomelo and Its Therapeutic Potentials against Hyperlipidemia. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27249033. [PMID: 36558166 PMCID: PMC9783781 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27249033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Pomelo peel is a natural plant product with numerous pharmacological effects and is used in traditional Chinese medicine. In the present study, we extracted naringin from pomelo peel and aimed to decipher its therapeutic potential against hyperlipidemia. We used ultrasonic-assisted extraction to obtain naringin prior to identifying its structure, to evaluate its ability in binding sodium glycine cholate and sodium bovine cholate in vitro by simulating the gastrointestinal environment, so as to evaluate its blood lipid-lowering activity. The hyperlipidemia mouse model was established. Following the intragastric administration of naringin for 5 weeks, we measured the weight change, organ index, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), serum total cholesterol (TC), serum triglycerides (TG), liver superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) level, malondialdehyde (MDA), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) level of mice in the normal control and high-fat diet groups in addition to the high-, medium-, and low-dose naringin groups. The pathological changes in the liver were observed under a light microscope. The total RNA of the liver was extracted, and the mRNA expression level of lipid metabolism-related factors in mouse liver was detected via a fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Naringin significantly (p < 0.01) reduced the body weight, organ index, serum TG, LDL-C, and TC levels of hyperlipidemic mice, but increased the serum HDL-C levels (p < 0.01). Furthermore, naringin increased GSH Px and SOD activity (p < 0.01), while decreasing MDA, ALT, and AST levels, as well as the liver index (p < 0.01). There was no statistically significant difference in the brain, heart, spleen, kidney, and other indicators (p > 0.05). A histopathological analysis of mouse liver showed that naringin could alleviate the degenerative damage of fatty liver cells in hyperlipidemic mice. Naringin could significantly (p < 0.01) reduce the expression of FAS and SREBP-1c mRNA, and simultaneously increase PPARα mRNA expression. This study shows that naringin has the strong effect of lowering lipids and protecting the liver in hyperlipidemic mice. Our findings underscore the anti-hyperlipidemia potential of naringin and increase the scientific understanding of its anti-hyperlipidemia effects, that may lead to its potential application as a dietary strategy for hyperlipidemia management in the future.
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3
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Gal3 Plays a Deleterious Role in a Mouse Model of Endotoxemia. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031170. [PMID: 35163089 PMCID: PMC8835800 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced endotoxemia induces an acute systemic inflammatory response that mimics some important features of sepsis, the disease with the highest mortality rate worldwide. In this work, we have analyzed a murine model of endotoxemia based on a single intraperitoneal injection of 5 mg/kg of LPS. We took advantage of galectin-3 (Gal3) knockout mice and found that the absence of Gal3 decreased the mortality rate oflethal endotoxemia in the first 80 h after the administration of LPS, along with a reduction in the tissular damage in several organs measured by electron microscopy. Using flow cytometry, we demonstrated that, in control conditions, peripheral immune cells, especially monocytes, exhibited high levels of Gal3, which were early depleted in response to LPS injection, thus suggesting Gal3 release under endotoxemia conditions. However, serum levels of Gal3 early decreased in response to LPS challenge (1 h), an indication that Gal3 may be extravasated to peripheral organs. Indeed, analysis of Gal3 in peripheral organs revealed a robust up-regulation of Gal3 36 h after LPS injection. Taken together, these results demonstrate the important role that Gal3 could play in the development of systemic inflammation, a well-established feature of sepsis, thus opening new and promising therapeutic options for these harmful conditions.
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4
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Xie Y, Liu J, Shi Y, Wang B, Wang X, Wang W, Sun M, Xu X, Cheng L, He S. Structural simplification and bioisostere principle lead to Bis-benzodioxole-fibrate derivatives as potential hypolipidemic and hepatoprotective agents. Bioorg Chem 2021; 117:105454. [PMID: 34740054 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2021.105454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The bis-benzodioxole-fibrate hybrids were designed by structural simplification and bioisostere principle. Lipids lowering activity was preliminarily screened by Triton WR 1339 induced hyperlipidemia mice model, in which T3 showed the best hypolipidemia, decreasing plasma triglyceride (TG) and total cholesterol (TC), which were better than sesamin and fenofibrate (FF). T3 was also found to significantly reduce TG, TC and low density lipoprotein cholesterin (LDL-C) both in plasma and liver tissue of high fat diet (HFD) induced hyperlipidemic mice. In addition, T3 showed hepatoprotective activity, which the noteworthy amelioration in liver aminotransferases (AST and ALT) was evaluated and the histopathological observation exhibited that T3 inhibited lipids accumulation in the hepatic and alleviated liver damage. The expression of PPAR-α receptor involved lipids metabolism in liver tissue significantly increased after T3 supplementation. Other potent activity, such as antioxidation and anti-inflammation, was also observed. The molecular docking study revealed that T3 has good affinity activity toward to the active site of PPAR-α receptor. Based on these findings, T3 may serve as an effective hypolipidemic agent with hepatoprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yundong Xie
- College of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Shiji Ave, Xi'an-xianyang New Ecomic Zone, Shaanxi Province 712046, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiping Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Shiji Ave, Xi'an-xianyang New Ecomic Zone, Shaanxi Province 712046, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamics and Material Basis of Chinese Medicine, Shaanxi Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xianyang 712046, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongheng Shi
- College of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Shiji Ave, Xi'an-xianyang New Ecomic Zone, Shaanxi Province 712046, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamics and Material Basis of Chinese Medicine, Shaanxi Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xianyang 712046, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Shiji Ave, Xi'an-xianyang New Ecomic Zone, Shaanxi Province 712046, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamics and Material Basis of Chinese Medicine, Shaanxi Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xianyang 712046, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoping Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Shiji Ave, Xi'an-xianyang New Ecomic Zone, Shaanxi Province 712046, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Shiji Ave, Xi'an-xianyang New Ecomic Zone, Shaanxi Province 712046, People's Republic of China
| | - Meng Sun
- College of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Shiji Ave, Xi'an-xianyang New Ecomic Zone, Shaanxi Province 712046, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinya Xu
- College of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Shiji Ave, Xi'an-xianyang New Ecomic Zone, Shaanxi Province 712046, People's Republic of China
| | - Lifei Cheng
- Shaanxi Traffic Hospital, 276 Daxue South Road, Beilin District, Xi'an, Shannxi Province 710068, People's Republic of China.
| | - Shipeng He
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai University 99 Shangda Road, Shanghai 200444, People's Republic of China.
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5
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Floris B, Galloni P, Conte V, Sabuzi F. Tailored Functionalization of Natural Phenols to Improve Biological Activity. Biomolecules 2021; 11:1325. [PMID: 34572538 PMCID: PMC8467377 DOI: 10.3390/biom11091325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Phenols are widespread in nature, being the major components of several plants and essential oils. Natural phenols' anti-microbial, anti-bacterial, anti-oxidant, pharmacological and nutritional properties are, nowadays, well established. Hence, given their peculiar biological role, numerous studies are currently ongoing to overcome their limitations, as well as to enhance their activity. In this review, the functionalization of selected natural phenols is critically examined, mainly highlighting their improved bioactivity after the proper chemical transformations. In particular, functionalization of the most abundant naturally occurring monophenols, diphenols, lipidic phenols, phenolic acids, polyphenols and curcumin derivatives is explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Floris
- Department of Chemical Science and Technologies, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via della Ricerca Scientifica, snc, 00133 Roma, Italy
| | - Pierluca Galloni
- Department of Chemical Science and Technologies, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via della Ricerca Scientifica, snc, 00133 Roma, Italy
| | - Valeria Conte
- Department of Chemical Science and Technologies, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via della Ricerca Scientifica, snc, 00133 Roma, Italy
| | - Federica Sabuzi
- Department of Chemical Science and Technologies, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via della Ricerca Scientifica, snc, 00133 Roma, Italy
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6
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Xie Y, Liu J, Shi Y, Bin Wang, Wang X, Wang W, Sun M, Xu X, He S. Synthesis and evaluation of new sesamol-based phenolic acid derivatives with hypolipidemic, antioxidant, and hepatoprotective effects. Med Chem Res 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-021-02770-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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7
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Xie YD, Xu YH, Liu JP, Wang B, Shi YH, Wang W, Wang XP, Sun M, Xu XY, Bian XL. 1,3-Benzodioxole-based fibrate derivatives as potential hypolipidemic and hepatoprotective agents. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2021; 43:127898. [PMID: 33684440 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2021.127898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Revised: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
A series of target compounds 1,3-benzodioxole-based fibrate derivatives were designed and synthesized. All the target compounds were preliminarily evaluated by hyperlipidemia mice induced by Triton WR-1339, in which compound 12 displayed a greater anti-hyperlipidemia activity than other compounds as well as positive drug fenofibrate (FF). 12 showed a significant reduction of plasma lipids, such as triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterin (LDL-C), in high fat diet (HFD) induced hyperlipidemic mice. In addition, hepatic transaminases (AST and ALT) were ameliorated after administration of 12, in particular the AST, and the histopathological examination showed that 12 improved the hepatic lipid accumulation. The expression of PPAR-α involved in lipids metabolism was up-regulated in the liver tissues of 12-treated group. Other significant activity such as antioxidant, and anti-inflammation was confirmed and reinforced the effects of 12 as a potential hypolipidemia and hepatoprotective agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Dong Xie
- College of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xi'an-xianyang New Ecomic Zone 712046, China
| | - Yan-Hong Xu
- The People's Hospital of Yongcheng, 888 Ouya Road, Yongcheng City, Shangqiu City, Henan Province 476600, China
| | - Ji-Ping Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xi'an-xianyang New Ecomic Zone 712046, China; Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamics and Material Basis of Chinese Medicine, Shaanxi Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xianyang 712046, China; Subject Innovation Team of Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, China
| | - Bin Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xi'an-xianyang New Ecomic Zone 712046, China; Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamics and Material Basis of Chinese Medicine, Shaanxi Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xianyang 712046, China; Subject Innovation Team of Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, China
| | - Yong-Heng Shi
- College of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xi'an-xianyang New Ecomic Zone 712046, China; Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamics and Material Basis of Chinese Medicine, Shaanxi Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xianyang 712046, China; Subject Innovation Team of Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, China
| | - Wei Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xi'an-xianyang New Ecomic Zone 712046, China
| | - Xiao-Ping Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xi'an-xianyang New Ecomic Zone 712046, China
| | - Meng Sun
- College of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xi'an-xianyang New Ecomic Zone 712046, China
| | - Xin-Ya Xu
- College of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xi'an-xianyang New Ecomic Zone 712046, China
| | - Xiao-Li Bian
- Department of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China.
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8
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Sarahian N, Mohammadi MT, Darabi S, Faghihi N. Fenofibrate protects the neurovascular unit and ameliorates plasma corticosterone levels in pentylenetetrazole-induced kindling seizure in mice. Brain Res 2021; 1758:147343. [PMID: 33556377 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2021.147343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2020] [Revised: 01/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Epileptic seizures are the most common neurological diseases that change the function of neurovascular unit at molecular levels accompanied by activation of a wide variety of neurodegenerative cascades. Based on the pleiotropic functions of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha (PPARα), the current study evaluated the neuroprotective effects of fenofibrate (an effective PPARα agonist) on the brain injuries induced by pentylenetetrazole (PTZ)-induced kindling seizure. Adult male NMRI mice were randomly assigned into four groups (n = 14) as follows; control, untreated kindled mice (PTZ) and two fenofibrate-treated kindled groups. Repeated intraperitoneal injections of PTZ (45 mg/kg) were used to develop kindling seizure every 48 h for 21 days. Treated mice were administered orally fenofibrate at doses of 30 and 50 mg/kg/day during the study. Plasma corticosterone and brain levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), malondialdehyde (MDA) and mRNA transcription of p53, as well as blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability, were determined at termination of the study. Fenofibrate considerably improved seizure latency and anxiety-like behaviors in treated kindled mice. Fenofibrate at doses of 30 and 50 mg/kg significantly (P < 0.001) decreased plasma corticosterone (56.88 ± 0.80 and 54.81 ± 0.29 ng/mL, respectively) compared to PTZ group (74.96 ± 1.60 ng/mL). It also significantly (P < 0.05) decreased BDNF levels in both treatment groups (8.13 ± 0.14 and 8.74 ± 0.09 ng/mL, respectively) compared to PTZ group (9.68 ± 0.20 ng/mL). Fenofibrate particularly at higher dose significantly (P < 0.01) decreased MDA content and mRNA expression levels of p53 in treated kindled mice by 67% and 28%, respectively, compared to PTZ group. Similarly, 50 mg/kg fenofibrate significantly (P < 0.05) decreased Evans blue extravasation into brain in treated kindled mice (8.72 ± 0.96 µg/g) compared to PTZ group (15.31 ± 2.18 µg/g). Our results revealed the anticonvulsive and neuroprotective effects of fenofibrate in PTZ-induced kindling seizure in mice. Fenofibrate also improved the neurovascular functions at molecular levels in kindling seizure that might be associated with ameliorating the seizure behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nahid Sarahian
- Student Research Committee, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Taghi Mohammadi
- Student Research Committee, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Faculty of Medicine, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Neuroscience Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Shamsi Darabi
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran
| | - Nastaran Faghihi
- Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
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9
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Franconi F, Campesi I, Romani A. Is Extra Virgin Olive Oil an Ally for Women's and Men's Cardiovascular Health? Cardiovasc Ther 2020; 2020:6719301. [PMID: 32454893 PMCID: PMC7212338 DOI: 10.1155/2020/6719301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Noncommunicable diseases are long-lasting and slowly progressive and are the leading causes of death and disability. They include cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and diabetes mellitus (DM) that are rising worldwide, with CVD being the leading cause of death in developed countries. Thus, there is a need to find new preventive and therapeutic approaches. Polyphenols seem to have cardioprotective properties; among them, polyphenols and/or minor polar compounds of extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) are attracting special interest. In consideration of numerous sex differences present in CVD and DM, in this narrative review, we applied "gender glasses." Globally, it emerges that olive oil and its derivatives exert some anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects, modulate glucose metabolism, and ameliorate endothelial dysfunction. However, as in prescription drugs, also in this case there is an important gender bias because the majority of the preclinical studies are performed on male animals, and the sex of donors of cells is not often known; thus a sex/gender bias characterizes preclinical research. There are numerous clinical studies that seem to suggest the benefits of EVOO and its derivatives in CVD; however, these studies have numerous limitations, presenting also a considerable heterogeneity across the interventions. Among limitations, one of the most relevant in the era of personalized medicine, is the non-attention versus women that are few and, also when they are enrolled, sex analysis is lacking. Therefore, in our opinion, it is time to perform more long, extensive and lessheterogeneous trials enrolling both women and men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flavia Franconi
- Laboratorio Nazionale sulla Farmacologia e Medicina di Genere, Istituto Nazionale Biostrutture Biosistemi, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Ilaria Campesi
- Laboratorio Nazionale sulla Farmacologia e Medicina di Genere, Istituto Nazionale Biostrutture Biosistemi, 07100 Sassari, Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Università Degli Studi di Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Annalisa Romani
- Laboratorio PHYTOLAB (Pharmaceutical, Cosmetic, Food Supplement Technology and Analysis), DiSIA Università Degli Studi di Firenze, 50019 Florence, Italy
- Laboratorio di Qualità Delle Merci e Affidabilità di Prodotto, Università Degli Studi di Firenze, 59100 Florence, Italy
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10
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Sharma P, Dayma V, Dwivedi A, Baroliya PK, Tripathi I, Vanangamudi M, Chauhan R, Goswami A. Synthesis of sulpha drug based hydroxytriazene derivatives: Anti-diabetic, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory activity and their molecular docking studies. Bioorg Chem 2020; 96:103642. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2020.103642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Revised: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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11
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Li Y, Chen Y, Huang X, Huang D, Gan H, Yao N, Hu Z, Li R, Zhan X, Xie K, Jiang J, Cai D. Tanshinol A Ameliorates Triton-1339W-Induced Hyperlipidemia and Liver Injury in C57BL/6J Mice by Regulating mRNA Expression of Lipemic-Oxidative Injury Genes. Lipids 2020; 55:127-140. [PMID: 32058595 DOI: 10.1002/lipd.12217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Revised: 01/12/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Tanshinol A, which is derived from a traditional Chinese herbal Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae is indicative of a hypolipidemic candidate. Therefore, we aim to validate its hypolipidemic activity of tanshinol A and explore its mechanism in triton-1339W-induced hyperlipidemic mice model, which possess multiply pathogenesis for endogenous lipid metabolism disorder. Experimental hyperlipidemia mice are treated with or without tanshinol A (i.g. 40, 20, 10 mg/kg), and blood and liver tissue were collected for validating its hypolipidemic and hepatic protective effect, and hepatic mRNA expression profile, which was associated with lipid metabolism dysfunction and liver injury, was detected by RT-qPCR. As results show, triton-1339W-induced abnormal of serum TC, TAG, HDL-C, LDL-C, SOD, MDA, GOT, and GPT is remarkably attenuated by tanshinol A. In pathological experiment, triton-1339W-induced hepatocellular ballooning degeneration, irregular central vein congestion, and inflammation infiltration are alleviated by tanshinol A. Correspondingly, hepatic mRNA expression of Atf4, Fgf21, Vldlr, Nqo1, Pdk4, and Angptl4, which are genes regulating lipemic-oxidative injury, are significantly increased by tanshinol A by 2~6 fold. Abcg5, Cd36, and Apob, which are responsible for cholesterol metabolism, are mildly upregulated. Noticeably, triton-1339W-suppressed expressions of Ptgs2/Il10, which are genes responsible for acute inflammation resolution in liver injury, are remarkably increased by tanshinol A. Conclusively, tanshinol A exerted hypolipidemic effect and hepatoprotective effect through restoring triton-1339W-suppressed mRNA expression, which may be involved in Atf4/Fgf21/Vldlr and Ptgs2/Il-10 signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuting Li
- Department of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Fifth Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510095, China.,Guangdong Province Engineering Technology Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510095, China.,Guangdong Provincial key Laboratory of Research and Development in Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510095, China
| | - Yuxing Chen
- Guangdong Province Engineering Technology Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510095, China.,Guangdong Provincial key Laboratory of Research and Development in Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510095, China
| | - Xuejun Huang
- Guangdong Province Engineering Technology Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510095, China.,Guangdong Provincial key Laboratory of Research and Development in Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510095, China
| | - Dane Huang
- Guangdong Province Engineering Technology Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510095, China.,Guangdong Provincial key Laboratory of Research and Development in Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510095, China
| | - Haining Gan
- Guangdong Province Engineering Technology Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510095, China.,Guangdong Provincial key Laboratory of Research and Development in Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510095, China
| | - Nan Yao
- Guangdong Province Engineering Technology Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510095, China.,Guangdong Provincial key Laboratory of Research and Development in Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510095, China
| | - Zixuan Hu
- Guangdong Province Engineering Technology Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510095, China.,Guangdong Provincial key Laboratory of Research and Development in Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510095, China
| | - Ruyue Li
- Department of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Fifth Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510095, China.,Guangdong Province Engineering Technology Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510095, China.,Guangdong Provincial key Laboratory of Research and Development in Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510095, China
| | - Xinyi Zhan
- Department of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Fifth Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510095, China.,Guangdong Province Engineering Technology Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510095, China.,Guangdong Provincial key Laboratory of Research and Development in Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510095, China
| | - Kaifeng Xie
- Department of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Fifth Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510095, China.,Guangdong Province Engineering Technology Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510095, China.,Guangdong Provincial key Laboratory of Research and Development in Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510095, China
| | - Jieyi Jiang
- Guangdong Province Engineering Technology Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510095, China.,Guangdong Provincial key Laboratory of Research and Development in Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510095, China
| | - Dake Cai
- Guangdong Province Engineering Technology Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510095, China.,Guangdong Provincial key Laboratory of Research and Development in Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510095, China
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12
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Antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects of 4-(arylchalcogenyl)-1H-pyrazoles containing selenium or sulfur. Pharmacol Rep 2020; 72:36-46. [DOI: 10.1007/s43440-019-00001-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Revised: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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13
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Vlavcheski F, Young M, Tsiani E. Antidiabetic Effects of Hydroxytyrosol: In Vitro and In Vivo Evidence. Antioxidants (Basel) 2019; 8:E188. [PMID: 31234300 PMCID: PMC6616959 DOI: 10.3390/antiox8060188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Revised: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Insulin resistance, a pathological condition characterized by defects in insulin action leads to the development of Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), a disease which is currently on the rise that pose an enormous economic burden to healthcare systems worldwide. The current treatment and prevention strategies are considerably lacking in number and efficacy and therefore new targeted therapies and preventative strategies are urgently needed. Plant-derived chemicals such as metformin, derived from the French lilac, have been used to treat/manage insulin resistance and T2DM. Other plant-derived chemicals which are not yet discovered, may have superior properties to prevent and manage T2DM and thus research into this area is highly justifiable. Hydroxytyrosol is a phenolic phytochemical found in olive leaves and olive oil reported to have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticancer and antidiabetic properties. The present review summarizes the current in vitro and in vivo studies examining the antidiabetic properties of hydroxytyrosol and investigating the mechanisms of its action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filip Vlavcheski
- Department of Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON L2S 3A1, Canada.
- Centre for Bone and Muscle Health, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON L2S 3A1, Canada.
| | - Mariah Young
- Department of Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON L2S 3A1, Canada.
| | - Evangelia Tsiani
- Department of Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON L2S 3A1, Canada.
- Centre for Bone and Muscle Health, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON L2S 3A1, Canada.
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Karković Marković A, Torić J, Barbarić M, Jakobušić Brala C. Hydroxytyrosol, Tyrosol and Derivatives and Their Potential Effects on Human Health. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24102001. [PMID: 31137753 PMCID: PMC6571782 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24102001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 270] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Revised: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The Mediterranean diet and olive oil as its quintessential part are almost synonymous with a healthy way of eating and living nowadays. This kind of diet has been highly appreciated and is widely recognized for being associated with many favorable effects, such as reduced incidence of different chronic diseases and prolonged longevity. Although olive oil polyphenols present a minor fraction in the composition of olive oil, they seem to be of great importance when it comes to the health benefits, and interest in their biological and potential therapeutic effects is huge. There is a growing body of in vitro and in vivo studies, as well as intervention-based clinical trials, revealing new aspects of already known and many new, previously unknown activities and health effects of these compounds. This review summarizes recent findings regarding biological activities, metabolism and bioavailability of the major olive oil phenolic compounds—hydroxytyrosol, tyrosol, oleuropein, oleocanthal and oleacein—the most important being their antiatherogenic, cardioprotective, anticancer, neuroprotective and endocrine effects. The evidence presented in the review concludes that these phenolic compounds have great pharmacological potential, however, further studies are still required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Karković Marković
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, A.Kovačića 1, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Jelena Torić
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, A.Kovačića 1, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Monika Barbarić
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, A.Kovačića 1, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Cvijeta Jakobušić Brala
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, A.Kovačića 1, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia.
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de Pablos RM, Espinosa-Oliva AM, Hornedo-Ortega R, Cano M, Arguelles S. Hydroxytyrosol protects from aging process via AMPK and autophagy; a review of its effects on cancer, metabolic syndrome, osteoporosis, immune-mediated and neurodegenerative diseases. Pharmacol Res 2019; 143:58-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2019.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Revised: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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16
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5-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)-3H-1,2-dithiole-3-thione-based fibrates as potential hypolipidemic and hepatoprotective agents. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2018; 28:3787-3792. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2018.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2018] [Revised: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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17
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Xie YD, Chen ZZ, Shao LH, Wang QT, Li N, Lu WF, Xu YH, Gao YQ, Guo LY, Liu HL, Li YP, Yang GD, Bian XL. A new multifunctional hydroxytyrosol-clofibrate with hypolipidemic, antioxidant, and hepatoprotective effects. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2018; 28:3119-3122. [PMID: 30119959 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2018.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2018] [Revised: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress has been regarded as the leading mechanism of the hepatotoxicity of clofibrate (CF). To achieve multifunctional novel hypolipidemic agents with hypolipidemia, antioxidant, and ameliorating liver injury, clofibric acid derivative hydroxytyrosol-clofibrate (CF-HT) was synthesized by molecular hybridization. CF-HT exhibited significant hypolipidemia, reducing serum triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), and malonaldehyde (MDA) by 30%, 33%, and 29% in hyperlipidemic mice induced by Triton WR 1339. CF-HT also shown hepatoprotective effect, a significant decrease in hepatic indices toxicity was observed, i.e. aspartate and lactate transaminases (AST and ALT) activities, alkalines phosphatases (ALP), and total bilirubin (TBIL) levels. The liver weight and liver coefficient were also ameliorated. Serum superoxide dismutase (SOD) was significantly elevated, and serum catalase (CAT) and malondialdehyde (MDA) content were remarkably restored. The hepatic glutathione (GSH) content was obviously increased and hepatic oxidized glutathione (GSSG) content was reduced dramatically by CF-HT, as compared to the CF treated mice (p < 0.05). Moreover, the histopathological damage that hepatocyte hyperplasia and hypertrophy was also significantly ameliorated by treatment with CF-HT. Therefore, the results indicated that CF-HT exerted more potent hypolipidemic activity and definite hepatoprotective effect which may mainly be associated with its antioxidative property in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Dong Xie
- College of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 76 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710061, People's Republic of China; Department of Medicine, Tibet University of Nationalities, No. 6 Wenhui East Road, Xianyang, Shaanxi Province 712082, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zi-Zhang Chen
- College of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 76 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710061, People's Republic of China
| | - Li-Hua Shao
- College of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 76 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710061, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiu-Tang Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 76 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710061, People's Republic of China
| | - Na Li
- College of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Shiji Ave., Xi'an-xianyang New Ecomic Zone, Shaanxi Province 712046, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen-Fang Lu
- Pharmacy Department, Xianyang Central Hospital, No. 78 Renmin East Road, Xianyang, Shaanxi Province 712000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan-Hong Xu
- College of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 76 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710061, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Qiong Gao
- College of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 76 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710061, People's Republic of China
| | - Li-Ying Guo
- College of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 76 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710061, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao-Le Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 76 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710061, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi-Ping Li
- College of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 76 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710061, People's Republic of China
| | - Guang-De Yang
- College of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 76 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710061, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Li Bian
- College of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 76 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710061, People's Republic of China
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Xie YD, Chen ZZ, Li N, Lu WF, Xu YH, Lin YY, Shao LH, Wang QT, Guo LY, Gao YQ, Yang GD, Li YP, Bian XL. Hydroxytyrosol nicotinate, a new multifunctional hypolipidemic and hypoglycemic agent. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 99:715-724. [PMID: 29710469 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.01.123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2017] [Revised: 01/15/2018] [Accepted: 01/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydroxytyrosol (HT) is a natural polyphenol antioxidant that exists in olive oil. In the study of multifunctional hypolipidemic of nicotinic derivatives, we found that hydroxytyrosol nicotinate (HT-N) incorporation of niacin with HT displayed ?-glucosidase inhibitory activities in vitro, such as yeast ?-glucosidase (IC50?=?117.72??M) and rat intestinal ?-glucosidases maltase (IC50?=?31.86??M) and sucrase (IC50?=?22.99??M), and had a good control of postprandial blood glucose (PBG). HT-N shown significantly hypoglycemic action by 16.9% and protection of pancreatic tissue in type 2 diabetic mellitus (T2DM) mouse model. HT-N also shown a potent antioxidant activity and property of anti-glycation in vitro, which were benefit for ameliorating diabetic complications. Moreover, HT-N exhibited much significant hypolipidemia, lowering plasma triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), and malonaldehyde (MDA) by 34.6%, 45.8% and 32.1% respectively, in hyperlipidemic mice induced by Triton WR 1339. The results indicated that HT-N has hypolipidemic, hypoglycemic and antioxidant actions. All these properties could be conducive to amelioration of oxidative stress, hyperlipidemia, and diabetes that HT-N may serve as a multifunctional potential therapeutic strategy in diabetic patients with hyperlipidemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Dong Xie
- College of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No.76 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710061, People's Republic of China
| | - Zi-Zhang Chen
- College of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No.76 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710061, People's Republic of China
| | - Na Li
- College of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Shiji Ave., Xi'an-Xianyang New Ecomic Zone, Shaanxi Province, 712046, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen-Fang Lu
- Pharmacy Department, Xianyang Central Hospital, No.78 Renmin East Road, Xianyang, Shaanxi Province, 712000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan-Hong Xu
- College of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No.76 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710061, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Lin
- College of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No.76 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710061, People's Republic of China
| | - Li-Hua Shao
- College of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No.76 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710061, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiu-Tang Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No.76 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710061, People's Republic of China
| | - Li-Ying Guo
- College of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No.76 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710061, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Qiong Gao
- College of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No.76 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710061, People's Republic of China
| | - Guang-De Yang
- College of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No.76 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710061, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi-Ping Li
- College of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No.76 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710061, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Li Bian
- College of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No.76 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710061, People's Republic of China.
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