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Zhao X, Fan C, Qie T, Fu X, Chen X, Wang Y, Wu Y, Fu X, Shi K, Yan W, Yu H. Diaph1 knockout inhibits mouse primordial germ cell proliferation and affects gonadal development. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2024; 22:82. [PMID: 39010074 DOI: 10.1186/s12958-024-01257-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exploring the molecular mechanisms of primordial germ cell (PGC) migration and the involvement of gonadal somatic cells in gonad development is valuable for comprehending the origins and potential treatments of reproductive-related diseases. METHODS Diaphanous related formin 1 (Diaph1, also known as mDia1) was screened by analyzing publicly available datasets (ATAC-seq, DNase-seq, and RNA-seq). Subsequently, the CRISPR-Cas9 technology was used to construct Diaph1 knockout mice to investigate the role of Diaph1 in gonad development. RESULTS Based on data from public databases, a differentially expressed gene Diaph1, was identified in the migration of mouse PGC. Additionally, the number of PGCs was significantly reduced in Diaph1 knockout mice compared to wild type mice, and the expression levels of genes related to proliferation (Dicer1, Mcm9), adhesion (E-cadherin, Cdh1), and migration (Cxcr4, Hmgcr, Dazl) were significantly decreased. Diaph1 knockout also inhibited Leydig cell proliferation and induced apoptosis in the testis, as well as granulosa cell apoptosis in the ovary. Moreover, the sperm count in the epididymal region and the count of ovarian follicles were significantly reduced in Diaph1 knockout mice, resulting in decreased fertility, concomitant with lowered levels of serum testosterone and estradiol. Further research found that in Diaph1 knockout mice, the key enzymes involved in testosterone synthesis (CYP11A1, 3β-HSD) were decreased in Leydig cells, and the estradiol-associated factor (FSH receptor, AMH) in granulosa cells were also downregulated. CONCLUSIONS Overall, our findings indicate that the knockout of Diaph1 can disrupt the expression of factors that regulate sex hormone production, leading to impaired secretion of sex hormones, ultimately resulting in damage to reproductive function. These results provide a new perspective on the molecular mechanisms underlying PGC migration and gonadal development, and offer valuable insights for further research on the causes, diagnosis, and treatment of related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010020, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Chunbiao Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010020, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Tongtong Qie
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010020, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Xinrui Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010020, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Xiaoshuang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010020, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Yujia Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010020, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Yuan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010020, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Xinyao Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010020, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Kesong Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010020, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Wenlong Yan
- School of Biology and Agriculture, Shaoguan University, Shaoguan, 512005, Guangdong Province, China.
| | - Haiquan Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010020, Inner Mongolia, China.
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Cao Z, Guan M, Cheng C, Wang F, Jing Y, Zhang K, Jiao J, Ruan L, Chen Z. KIF20B and MET, hub genes of DIAPHs, predict poor prognosis and promote pancreatic cancer progression. Pathol Res Pract 2024; 254:155046. [PMID: 38266456 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2023.155046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The DIAPHs (DIAPH1, DIAPH2, and DIAPH3) are members of the diaphanous subfamily of the formin family. KIF20B and MET, hub genes of DIAPHs, play crucial roles in cytoskeletal remodeling, cell migration, and adhesion. However, their combined prognostic and treatment value in pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PC) warrants further investigation. METHODS Multiomics analysis tools were used to comprehensively assess the genomic expression and prognostic value of KIF20B and MET in PC. Immune cell infiltration, functional enrichment, single-cell RNA-seq (scRNA) analysis, potential therapeutic drugs, and nomograms were established and analyzed. CCK-8 levels, transwell assay, Co-IP assay, mass spectrometry, and western blotting were performed to assess the role of KIF20B and MET as modulators of β-catenin and Lactate Dehydrogenase A (LDHA) in vitro. Xenograft tumor models were used to evaluate the anti-tumor effects in vivo. RESULTS DIAPHs, KIF20B, and MET were overexpressed and functioned as poor prognostic markers of PC. Immunoinfiltration analysis revealed that pDC and NK cells were enriched with low expression levels of KIF20B and MET, whereas Th2 cells were enriched with high expression levels of these two genes. The copy number variations (CNVs) in KIF20B and MET were positively correlated with B cell and CD4 + T cell infiltration. Immunological checkpoints NT5E and CD44 were positively correlated with KIF20B and MET expression. Moreover, the nomogram constructed based on KIF20B and MET demonstrated predictive value for overall survival. scRNA-Seq analysis indicated that KIF20B and MET were enriched in endothelial, malignant, B, T, and CD8 + T cells, which correlated with glycolysis and the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). The interactions of KIF20B and MET with β-catenin and LDHA were verified by Co-IP assay and mass spectrometry. Knockdown of KIF20B and MET downregulates β-catenin and LDHA in vitro. Furthermore, dual knockdown of KIF20B and MET exhibited a synergistic suppressive effect on PC progression in vitro and in vivo. CONCLUSION DIAPHs, KIF20B, and MET are promising candidates for the prognosis and treatment of PC. More importantly, downregulation of KIF20B and MET inhibited pancreatic cancer progression by regulating LDHA and EMT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhangqi Cao
- Department of Integrative Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Mingwei Guan
- Department of Integrative Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Chienshan Cheng
- Department of Integrative Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Fengjiao Wang
- Department of Integrative Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yanhua Jing
- Department of Integrative Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Ke Zhang
- Department of Integrative Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Juying Jiao
- Department of Integrative Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Linjie Ruan
- Department of Integrative Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Zhen Chen
- Department of Integrative Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
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3
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Zhang B, Hu Q, Li Y, Xu C, Xie X, Liu P, Xu M, Gong S, Wu H. Diaphanous-related formin subfamily: Novel prognostic biomarkers and tumor microenvironment regulators for pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:910950. [PMID: 36589226 PMCID: PMC9797685 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.910950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The diaphanous-related formin subfamily includes diaphanous homolog 1 (DIAPH1), DIAPH2, and DIAPH3. DIAPHs play a role in the regulation of actin nucleation and polymerization and in microtubule stability. DIAPH3 also regulates the assembly and bipolarity of mitotic spindles. Accumulating evidence has shown that DIAPHs are anomalously regulated during malignancy. In this study, we reviewed The Cancer Genome Atlas database and found that DIAPHs are abundantly expressed in pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PAAD). Furthermore, we analyzed the gene alteration profiles, protein expression, prognosis, and immune reactivity of DIAPHs in PAAD using data from several well-established databases. In addition, we conducted gene set enrichment analysis to investigate the potential mechanisms underlying the roles of DIAPHs in the carcinogenesis of PAAD. Finally, we performed the experimental validation of DIAPHs expression in several pancreatic cancer cell lines and tissues of patients. This study demonstrated significant correlations between DIAPHs expression and clinical prognosis, oncogenic signature gene sets, T helper 2 cell infiltration, plasmacytoid dendritic cell infiltration, myeloid-derived suppressor cell infiltration, ImmunoScore, and immune checkpoints in PAAD. These data may provide important information regarding the role and mechanisms of DIAPHs in tumorigenesis and PAAD immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bixi Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Hunan Provincial People’s Hospital, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Qing Hu
- Department of Pathology, Hunan Provincial People’s Hospital, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Yanchun Li
- Department of Pathology, Hunan Provincial People’s Hospital, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Canxia Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiaoran Xie
- Department of Gastroenterology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Peng Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Meihua Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Siming Gong
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Hao Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China,Center for Precision Medicine, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, United States,*Correspondence: Hao Wu,
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Xu J, Sun S, Zhang W, Dong J, Huang C, Wang X, Jia M, Yang H, Wang Y, Jiang Y, Cao L, Huang Z. Irigenin inhibits glioblastoma progression through suppressing YAP/β-catenin signaling. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1027577. [DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1027577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most malignant glioma in brain tumors with low survival and high recurrence rate. Irigenin, as an isoflavone compound extracted from Shegan, has shown many pharmacological functions such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor. However, the effects of irigenin on GBM cells and the related molecular mechanisms remain unexplored. In this study, we found that irigenin inhibited the proliferation of GBM cells in a dose-dependent manner by several assays in vitro. Subsequently, we found that irigenin arrested cell cycle at G2/M phase and induced apoptosis of GBM cells in vitro. In addition, irigenin inhibited the migration of GBM cells. Mechanically, we found that irigenin treatment decreased the expression of YAP (yes-associated protein), suppressed β-catenin signaling. Furthermore, overexpression of YAP partially restored the anti-tumor effects of irigenin on GBM cells in vitro. Finally, we found that irigenin inhibited the growth of tumor in GBM xenograft mice model through inactivation of YAP. Taken together, these results suggest that irigenin exerts its anticancer effects on GBM via inhibiting YAP/β-catenin signaling, which may provide a new strategy for the treatment of GBM.
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Smart chlorotoxin-functionalized liposomes for sunitinib targeted delivery into glioblastoma cells. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2022.103908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Circ_0044556 Promotes the Progression of Colorectal Cancer via the miR-665-Dependent Expression Regulation of Diaphanous Homolog 1. Dig Dis Sci 2022; 67:4458-4470. [PMID: 34822025 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-021-07310-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer progression can be regulated by noncoding circular RNAs. A recent study has indicated that circ_0044556 facilitated the progression of colorectal cancer. AIM This research was performed to explore the regulatory mechanism of circ_0044556 in CRC. METHODS Circ_0044556, miR-665 and Diaphanous Homolog 1 levels were detected by the quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Cell proliferation analysis was performed by cell counting kit-8 assay and Edu assay. Cell cycle progression was assessed using flow cytometry. The protein examination was conducted using western blot. Transwell assay was used to analyze cell migration and invasion. Dual-luciferase reporter assay was performed to validate the interaction between targets. In vivo research was implemented by xenograft tumor assay. RESULTS Circ_0044556 was upregulated in colorectal cancer samples and cells. Silencing circ_0044556 inhibited cell proliferation, cell cycle progression, migration, invasion, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition in CRC cells. Circ_0044556 could directly target miR-665 and the function of circ_0044556 was associated with the regulation of miR-665. In addition, Diaphanous Homolog 1 was a target gene for miR-665 and the anti-tumor role of miR-665 in colorectal cancer was dependent on the downregulation of Diaphanous Homolog 1. Diaphanous Homolog 1 level was regulated by circ_0044556 via sponging miR-665 in CRC cells. In vivo assay suggested that circ_0044556 promoted CRC tumor growth by regulating the miR-665 and Diaphanous Homolog 1 levels. CONCLUSION Our findings manifested that circ_0044556 functioned as an oncogenic circRNA in colorectal cancer by mediating the miR-665/Diaphanous Homolog 1 axis, elucidating the molecular mechanism of circ_0044556 in CRC progression.
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Becker KN, Pettee KM, Sugrue A, Reinard KA, Schroeder JL, Eisenmann KM. The Cytoskeleton Effectors Rho-Kinase (ROCK) and Mammalian Diaphanous-Related (mDia) Formin Have Dynamic Roles in Tumor Microtube Formation in Invasive Glioblastoma Cells. Cells 2022; 11:1559. [PMID: 35563863 PMCID: PMC9103681 DOI: 10.3390/cells11091559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is a progressive and lethal brain cancer. Malignant control of actin and microtubule cytoskeletal mechanics facilitates two major GBM therapeutic resistance strategies-diffuse invasion and tumor microtube network formation. Actin and microtubule reorganization is controlled by Rho-GTPases, which exert their effects through downstream effector protein activation, including Rho-associated kinases (ROCK) 1 and 2 and mammalian diaphanous-related (mDia) formins (mDia1, 2, and 3). Precise spatial and temporal balancing of the activity between these effectors dictates cell shape, adhesion turnover, and motility. Using small molecules targeting mDia, we demonstrated that global agonism (IMM02) was superior to antagonism (SMIFH2) as anti-invasion strategies in GBM spheroids. Here, we use IDH-wild-type GBM patient-derived cell models and a novel semi-adherent in vitro system to investigate the relationship between ROCK and mDia in invasion and tumor microtube networks. IMM02-mediated mDia agonism disrupts invasion in GBM patient-derived spheroid models, in part by inducing mDia expression loss and tumor microtube network collapse. Pharmacological disruption of ROCK prevented invasive cell-body movement away from GBM spheres, yet induced ultralong, phenotypically abnormal tumor microtube formation. Simultaneously targeting mDia and ROCK did not enhance the anti-invasive/-tumor microtube effects of IMM02. Our data reveal that targeting mDia is a viable GBM anti-invasion/-tumor microtube networking strategy, while ROCK inhibition is contraindicated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn N. Becker
- Department of Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Toledo Health Science Campus, Toledo, OH 43614, USA; (K.N.B.); (K.M.P.)
| | - Krista M. Pettee
- Department of Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Toledo Health Science Campus, Toledo, OH 43614, USA; (K.N.B.); (K.M.P.)
| | - Amanda Sugrue
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Heidelberg, Tiffin, OH 44883, USA;
| | - Kevin A. Reinard
- Division of Neurosurgery, ProMedica Toledo Hospital, Toledo, OH 43606, USA; (K.A.R.); (J.L.S.)
| | - Jason L. Schroeder
- Division of Neurosurgery, ProMedica Toledo Hospital, Toledo, OH 43606, USA; (K.A.R.); (J.L.S.)
- Department of Surgery, University of Toledo Health Science Campus, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
| | - Kathryn M. Eisenmann
- Department of Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Toledo Health Science Campus, Toledo, OH 43614, USA; (K.N.B.); (K.M.P.)
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Cheng B, Hong X, Wang L, Cao Y, Qin D, Zhou H, Gao D. Curzerene suppresses progression of human glioblastoma through inhibition of glutathione S-transferase A4. CNS Neurosci Ther 2022; 28:690-702. [PMID: 35048517 PMCID: PMC8981481 DOI: 10.1111/cns.13800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims Glioblastoma is the central nervous system tumor with the highest mortality rate, and the clinical effectiveness of chemotherapy is low. Curzerene can inhibit the progression of non‐small‐cell lung cancer, but its role in glioma has not been reported. The purpose of this study was to clarify the effect of curzerene on glioma progression and further explore its potential mechanism. Methods The expression of glutathione S‐transferase A4 (GSTA4) in glioblastoma and the effect of curzerene on the expression of GSTA4 and matrix metalloproteinase 9 and the activation of the mTOR pathway were detected by Western blotting and RT‐PCR, and the effects of curzerene treatment on glioma malignant character were detected by cell biological assays. The in vivo antitumor effects of curzerene were analyzed in a nude mouse xenograft model. Results Curzerene was found to inhibit the expression of GSTA4 mRNA and protein in U251 and U87 glioma cells, and this effect correlated with a downregulation of the proliferation of these cells in a time‐ and dose‐dependent manner. Invasion and migration were also inhibited, and curzerene treatment correlated with induction of apoptosis. Curzerene inhibited the activation of the mTOR pathway and the expression of matrix metalloproteinase 9, and it correlated with increased 4‐hydroxynonenal levels. In vivo, curzerene was found to significantly inhibit tumor growth in nude mice and to prolong the survival time of tumor‐bearing nude mice. Conclusion In conclusion, inhibition of GSTA4 correlates with positive outcomes in glioma models, and thus, this molecule is a candidate drug for the treatment of glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Cheng
- Department of Neurobiology and Cell Biology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China.,Department of Psychiatry, The affiliated Xuzhou Oriental Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Xiaoliang Hong
- Department of Psychiatry, The affiliated Xuzhou Oriental Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Linfang Wang
- Department of Gynaecology, Xuzhou Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital 3, Xuzhou, China
| | - Yuanyuan Cao
- Department of Psychiatry, The affiliated Xuzhou Oriental Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Dengli Qin
- Department of Psychiatry, The affiliated Xuzhou Oriental Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Han Zhou
- Department of Psychiatry, The affiliated Xuzhou Oriental Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Dianshuai Gao
- Department of Psychiatry, The affiliated Xuzhou Oriental Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
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Abstract
Almost 25 years have passed since a mutation of a formin gene, DIAPH1, was identified as being responsible for a human inherited disorder: a form of sensorineural hearing loss. Since then, our knowledge of the links between formins and disease has deepened considerably. Mutations of DIAPH1 and six other formin genes (DAAM2, DIAPH2, DIAPH3, FMN2, INF2 and FHOD3) have been identified as the genetic cause of a variety of inherited human disorders, including intellectual disability, renal disease, peripheral neuropathy, thrombocytopenia, primary ovarian insufficiency, hearing loss and cardiomyopathy. In addition, alterations in formin genes have been associated with a variety of pathological conditions, including developmental defects affecting the heart, nervous system and kidney, aging-related diseases, and cancer. This review summarizes the most recent discoveries about the involvement of formin alterations in monogenic disorders and other human pathological conditions, especially cancer, with which they have been associated. In vitro results and experiments in modified animal models are discussed. Finally, we outline the directions for future research in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Miguel A. Alonso
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain;
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10
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Heuser VD, Kiviniemi A, Lehtinen L, Munthe S, Kristensen BW, Posti JP, Sipilä JOT, Vuorinen V, Carpén O, Gardberg M. Multiple formin proteins participate in glioblastoma migration. BMC Cancer 2020; 20:710. [PMID: 32727404 PMCID: PMC7391617 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-020-07211-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prognosis of glioblastoma remains poor, related to its diffuse spread within the brain. There is an ongoing search for molecular regulators of this particularly invasive behavior. One approach is to look for actin regulating proteins that might be targeted by future anti-cancer therapy. The formin family of proteins orchestrates rearrangement of the actin cytoskeleton in multiple cellular processes. Recently, the formin proteins mDia1 and mDia2 were shown to be expressed in glioblastoma in vitro, and their function could be modified by small molecule agonists. This finding implies that the formins could be future therapeutic targets in glioblastoma. METHODS In cell studies, we investigated the changes in expression of the 15 human formins in primary glioblastoma cells and commercially available glioblastoma cell lines during differentiation from spheroids to migrating cells using transcriptomic analysis and qRT-PCR. siRNA mediated knockdown of selected formins was performed to investigate whether their expression affects glioblastoma migration. Using immunohistochemistry, we studied the expression of two formins, FHOD1 and INF2, in tissue samples from 93 IDH-wildtype glioblastomas. Associated clinicopathological parameters and follow-up data were utilized to test whether formin expression correlates with survival or has prognostic value. RESULTS We found that multiple formins were upregulated during migration. Knockdown of individual formins mDia1, mDia2, FHOD1 and INF2 significantly reduced migration in most studied cell lines. Among the studied formins, knockdown of INF2 generated the greatest reduction in motility in vitro. Using immunohistochemistry, we demonstrated expression of formin proteins FHOD1 and INF2 in glioblastoma tissues. Importantly, we found that moderate/high expression of INF2 was associated with significantly impaired prognosis. CONCLUSIONS Formins FHOD1 and INF2 participate in glioblastoma cell migration. Moderate/high expression of INF2 in glioblastoma tissue is associated with worse outcome. Taken together, our in vitro and tissue studies suggest a pivotal role for INF2 in glioblastoma. When specific inhibiting compounds become available, INF2 could be a target in the search for novel glioblastoma therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanina D Heuser
- Laboratory Division, Department of Pathology, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.,Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Aida Kiviniemi
- Department of Radiology, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Laura Lehtinen
- Laboratory Division, Department of Pathology, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.,Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Sune Munthe
- Department of Neurosurgery, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Bjarne Winther Kristensen
- Department of Pathology and Department of Clinical Research, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Jussi P Posti
- Division of Clinical Neurosciences, Department of Neurosurgery and Turku Brain Injury Centre, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.,Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Jussi O T Sipilä
- Department of Neurology, Siun sote, North Karelia Central Hospital, Joensuu, Finland.,Division of Clinical Neurosciences, Department of Neurology, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.,Department of Neurology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Ville Vuorinen
- Division of Clinical Neurosciences, Department of Neurosurgery, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Olli Carpén
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Department of Pathology, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Maria Gardberg
- Laboratory Division, Department of Pathology, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland. .,Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
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11
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Biber G, Ben-Shmuel A, Sabag B, Barda-Saad M. Actin regulators in cancer progression and metastases: From structure and function to cytoskeletal dynamics. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2020; 356:131-196. [PMID: 33066873 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2020.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The cytoskeleton is a central factor contributing to various hallmarks of cancer. In recent years, there has been increasing evidence demonstrating the involvement of actin regulatory proteins in malignancy, and their dysregulation was shown to predict poor clinical prognosis. Although enhanced cytoskeletal activity is often associated with cancer progression, the expression of several inducers of actin polymerization is remarkably reduced in certain malignancies, and it is not completely clear how these changes promote tumorigenesis and metastases. The complexities involved in cytoskeletal induction of cancer progression therefore pose considerable difficulties for therapeutic intervention; it is not always clear which cytoskeletal regulator should be targeted in order to impede cancer progression, and whether this targeting may inadvertently enhance alternative invasive pathways which can aggravate tumor growth. The entire constellation of cytoskeletal machineries in eukaryotic cells are numerous and complex; the system is comprised of and regulated by hundreds of proteins, which could not be covered in a single review. Therefore, we will focus here on the actin cytoskeleton, which encompasses the biological machinery behind most of the key cellular functions altered in cancer, with specific emphasis on actin nucleating factors and nucleation-promoting factors. Finally, we discuss current therapeutic strategies for cancer which aim to target the cytoskeleton.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Biber
- The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - A Ben-Shmuel
- The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - B Sabag
- The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - M Barda-Saad
- The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel.
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Wang H, Zhang J, Xu Z, Yang J, Xu Y, Liu Y, Li B, Xie J, Li J. Circular RNA hsa_circ_0000848 Promotes Trophoblast Cell Migration and Invasion and Inhibits Cell Apoptosis by Sponging hsa-miR-6768-5p. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:278. [PMID: 32509771 PMCID: PMC7249963 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Fetal growth restriction (FGR) is a worldwide problem, and a major cause of perinatal morbidity. The precise molecular mechanisms involved in placental development and function during FGR remain poorly understood. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are important biological molecules associated with disease pathogenesis. However, the role of circRNAs in FGR has not been well studied. Methods circRNA expression profiles in placental tissues with and without FGR were identified by circRNA microarray. circRNA expression was verified by quantitative reverse-transcription PCR (RT-qPCR) assay. The effect of hsa_circ_0000848 and hsa-miR-6768-5p on HTR-8 cell apoptosis, migration, and invasion was evaluated. The association between hsa_circ_0000848 and hsa-miR-6768-5p was confirmed by dual luciferase activity and anti-AGO2 RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) assays. Protein levels were examined via western blotting. Results RT-qPCR results showed that hsa_circ_0000848 expression was significantly down-regulated in FGR placenta. Hsa_circ_0000848 overexpression and hsa-miR-6768-5p inhibitor suppressed apoptosis, and promoted cell migration and invasion. In addition, hsa_circ_0000848 overexpression and hsa-miR-6768-5p inhibitor increased the protein abundance of BCL2, MMP2 and MMP9, and decreased the protein abundance of cleaved caspase-3, cleaved caspase-9, and BAX, whereas hsa_circ_0000848 knockdown caused the opposite effect. Moreover, a significant increase in hsa-miR-6768-5p expression and a negative correlation between hsa_circ_0000848 and hsa-miR-6768-5p were identified in the FGR tissues. Luciferase reporter and RIP assay results revealed binding of hsa-miR-6768-5p to hsa_circ_0000848. Furthermore, hsa-miR-6768-5p overexpression eliminated the effect of hsa_circ_0000848 overexpression in HTR-8 cells. Conclusions hsa_circ_0000848 expression is significantly down-regulated in the FGR placenta. hsa_circ_0000848 promotes trophoblast cell migration and invasion, and inhibits cell apoptosis via the sponging of hsa-miR-6768-5p. Our study provided a novel insight into mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of FGR, as well as into new strategies for the treatment of FGR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shenzhen Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jianming Zhang
- Medical Genetic Center, Shenzhen Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhiyong Xu
- Medical Genetic Center, Shenzhen Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jingxin Yang
- Medical Genetic Center, Shenzhen Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yong Xu
- Medical Genetic Center, Shenzhen Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Medical Genetic Center, Shenzhen Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Bohong Li
- Medical Genetic Center, Shenzhen Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jiansheng Xie
- Medical Genetic Center, Shenzhen Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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Wu W, Shang Y, Dai S, Yu C, Wang J. Downregulation of miR‑142‑5p inhibits human aortic smooth muscle cell proliferation and migration by targeting MKL2. Mol Med Rep 2020; 22:277-285. [PMID: 32626937 PMCID: PMC7248461 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2020.11093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The increased proliferation and migration of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) are critical in the progression of atherosclerosis (AS). Platelet‑derived growth factor type BB (PDGF‑BB) may induce VSMC proliferation and migration. miR‑142‑5p plays a critical role in various biological processes, including tumorigenesis, angiogenesis and inflammation. However, whether miR‑142‑5p is involved in regulating the pathological process of arteriosclerosis remains to be elucidated. Therefore, in this study, the role of miR‑142‑5p in PDGF‑BB‑induced human aortic smooth muscle cell (HSAMC) proliferation and migration was investigated. The results revealed that the expression level of miR‑142‑5p was enhanced in the serum of patients with AS, while that of its target gene, myocardin‑like protein 2 (MKL2) was decreased, compared with that in healthy volunteers. Moreover, there was a negative correlation between miR‑142‑5p and MKL2 expression in the serum of patients with AS. Furthermore, the downregulation of miR‑142‑5p inhibited PDGF‑BB‑induced HASMC proliferation and migration; however, the inhibition of HASMC proliferation and migration was reversed by co‑transfection with small interfering RNA (siRNA) against MKL2 (siRNA‑MKL2). In addition, transfection with miR‑142‑5p inhibitor significantly increased the expression levels of MKL2, and decreased those of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)2 and 9, and these effects were reversed by transfection with siRNA‑MKL2. Finally, MKL2 was proven to be a target of miR‑142‑5p. On the whole, the findings of the present study demonstrate that the downregulation of miR‑142‑5p inhibits human aortic smooth muscle cell (HSAMC) proliferation and migration possibly by targeting MKL2. Hence, miR‑142‑5p may prove to be a novel therapeutic target in the treatment of AS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wu
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430014, P.R. China
| | - Yuqiang Shang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430014, P.R. China
| | - Shiling Dai
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430014, P.R. China
| | - Chunjun Yu
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430014, P.R. China
| | - Jie Wang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430014, P.R. China
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CREB1-induced lncRNA LEF1-AS1 contributes to colorectal cancer progression via the miR-489/DIAPH1 axis. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 526:678-684. [PMID: 32248974 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.03.153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been identified as new regulatory factors in tumor progression. Lymphoid enhancer-binding factor 1 antisense RNA 1 (LEF1-AS1) was a recently identified lncRNA. This research aimed to investigate the roles and mechanisms of LEF1-AS1 in colorectal cancer (CRC). We firstly showed that LEF1-AS1 expression was upregulated in human CRC tissues and cell lines. LEF1-AS1 upregulation was demonstrated to be induced by CREB1. Clinical study revealed that high LEF1-AS1 expression was positively associated with histological grade, lymph nodes metastasis, and decreased survivals of CRC patients. Functionally, down-regulation of LEF1-AS1 using si-LEF1-AS1 decreased cell growth, migration and invasion, as well as increased apoptosis in CRC cells. Mechanically, LEF1-AS1 functioned as competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) for miR-489 to positively recover DIAPH1, thus playing an oncogenic role in CRC pathogenesis. Overall, our observations identified a novel CRC-related lncRNA LEF1-AS1 and discovered a critical role for this lncRNA as a ceRNA in CRC pathogenesis, suggesting that it may serve as a novel biomarker for prognosis and act as a therapeutic target for CRC treatment.
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15
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hCTLA4-Gene-Modified Human Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells (hBMMSCs) Maintain POSTN Secretion to Enhance the Migration Capability of Allogeneic hBMMSCs through the Integrin αv β3/FAK/ERK Signaling Pathway. Stem Cells Int 2020; 2020:3608284. [PMID: 32269594 PMCID: PMC7128042 DOI: 10.1155/2020/3608284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Revised: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4- (CTLA4-) modified human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hBMMSCs) might be promising seed cells for bone tissue engineering. However, the underlying mechanism is not clear. In the present study, we investigated whether CTLA4-modified hBMMSCs are involved in the migration of allogeneic hBMMSCs (allo-hBMMSCs) by maintaining POSTN secretion. hBMMSCs were isolated from different groups, named hBMMSCs and allo-hBMMSCs. hBMMSCs that were infected with the negative control (NC), empty adenovirus- or recombinant adenovirus-expressing CTLA4, POSTN, or CTLA4 plus the shRNA of POSTN were named NC hBMMSCs, CTLA4-modified hBMMSCs, POSTN-modified hBMMSCs, or CTLA4+shPOSTN-modified hBMMSCs, respectively. They were then cocultured with PBMCs in a 1 : 5 ratio with 2.5 μg/mL phytohemagglutinin (PHA). The coculture supernatant was collected to treat allo-hBMMSCs with anti-integrin αvβ3 IgG, or negative control IgG, as a control. Following this, ELISA, Transwell assays, wound healing assays, and western blotting were performed. We found that the POSTN level was higher in the culture supernatant of CTLA4- and POSTN-modified hBMMSCs than in NC hBMMSCs cocultured with PBMCs treated with PHA. The migration capability of allo-hBMMSCs was enhanced, and the integrin αvβ3/FAK/ERK signaling pathway in allo-hBMMSCs was activated by the culture supernatant of CTLA4- and POSTN-modified hBMMSCs cocultured with PBMCs treated with PHA. Additionally, these induced effects can be weakened by POSTN knockdown, and the migration capability of allo-hBMMSCs was blocked by anti-integrin αvβ3 IgG. In conclusion, hCTLA4-gene-modified hBMMSCs maintain POSTN secretion to enhance the migration capability of allogeneic hBMMSCs through the integrin αvβ3/FAK/ERK signaling pathway in the T cell immune activation environment.
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Higa N, Shinsato Y, Kamil M, Hirano T, Takajo T, Shimokawa M, Minami K, Yamamoto M, Kawahara K, Yonezawa H, Hirano H, Furukawa T, Yoshimoto K, Arita K. Formin-like 1 (FMNL1) Is Associated with Glioblastoma Multiforme Mesenchymal Subtype and Independently Predicts Poor Prognosis. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20246355. [PMID: 31861134 PMCID: PMC6940780 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20246355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Revised: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), the most common primary malignant brain tumor in adults, is characterized by rapid proliferation, aggressive migration, and invasion into normal brain tissue. Formin proteins have been implicated in these processes. However, the role of formin-like 1 (FMNL1) in cancer remains unclear. We studied FMNL1 expression in glioblastoma samples using immunohistochemistry. We sought to analyze the correlation between FMNL1 expression, clinicopathologic variables, and patient survival. Migration and invasion assays were used to verify the effect of FMNL1 on glioblastoma cell lines. Microarray data were downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas and analyzed using gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA). FMNL1 was an independent predictor of poor prognosis in a cohort of 217 glioblastoma multiforme cases (p < 0.001). FMNL1 expression was significantly higher in the mesenchymal subtype. FMNL1 upregulation and downregulation were associated with mesenchymal and proneural markers in the GSEA, respectively. These data highlight the important role of FMNL1 in the neural-to-mesenchymal transition. Conversely, FMNL1 downregulation suppressed glioblastoma multiforme cell migration and invasion via DIAPH1 and GOLGA2, respectively. FMNL1 downregulation also suppressed actin fiber assembly, induced morphological changes, and diminished filamentous actin. FMNL1 is a promising therapeutic target and a useful biomarker for GBM progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nayuta Higa
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-8520, Japan (H.Y.); (H.H.); (K.Y.)
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan; (Y.S.); (T.H.); (M.S.); (K.M.); (M.Y.); (K.K.)
| | - Yoshinari Shinsato
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan; (Y.S.); (T.H.); (M.S.); (K.M.); (M.Y.); (K.K.)
| | - Muhammad Kamil
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-8520, Japan (H.Y.); (H.H.); (K.Y.)
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan; (Y.S.); (T.H.); (M.S.); (K.M.); (M.Y.); (K.K.)
- Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, Airlangga University, Surabaya 60132, Indonesia
| | - Takuro Hirano
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan; (Y.S.); (T.H.); (M.S.); (K.M.); (M.Y.); (K.K.)
- Department of Digestive Surgery, Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-8520, Japan
| | - Tomoko Takajo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-8520, Japan (H.Y.); (H.H.); (K.Y.)
| | - Michiko Shimokawa
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan; (Y.S.); (T.H.); (M.S.); (K.M.); (M.Y.); (K.K.)
| | - Kentaro Minami
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan; (Y.S.); (T.H.); (M.S.); (K.M.); (M.Y.); (K.K.)
| | - Masatatsu Yamamoto
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan; (Y.S.); (T.H.); (M.S.); (K.M.); (M.Y.); (K.K.)
| | - Kohichi Kawahara
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan; (Y.S.); (T.H.); (M.S.); (K.M.); (M.Y.); (K.K.)
| | - Hajime Yonezawa
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-8520, Japan (H.Y.); (H.H.); (K.Y.)
| | - Hirofumi Hirano
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-8520, Japan (H.Y.); (H.H.); (K.Y.)
| | - Tatsuhiko Furukawa
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan; (Y.S.); (T.H.); (M.S.); (K.M.); (M.Y.); (K.K.)
- Center for the Research of Advanced Diagnosis and Therapy of Cancer, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-99-275-5490
| | - Koji Yoshimoto
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-8520, Japan (H.Y.); (H.H.); (K.Y.)
| | - Kazunori Arita
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-8520, Japan (H.Y.); (H.H.); (K.Y.)
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Hao S, Li S, Wang J, Zhao L, Yan Y, Wu T, Zhang J, Wang C. C-Phycocyanin Suppresses the In Vitro Proliferation and Migration of Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer Cells through Reduction of RIPK1/NF-κB Activity. Mar Drugs 2019; 17:E362. [PMID: 31216707 PMCID: PMC6627888 DOI: 10.3390/md17060362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Revised: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Phycocyanin, derived from Spirulina platensis, is a type of natural antineoplastic marine protein. It is known that phycocyanin exerts anticancer effects on non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells, but its underlying mechanism has not been elucidated. Herein, the antitumor function and regulatory mechanism of phycocyanin were investigated in three NSCLC cell lines for the first time: H358, H1650, and LTEP-a2. Cell phenotype experiments suggested that phycocyanin could suppress the survival rate, proliferation, colony formation, and migration abilities, as well as induce apoptosis of NSCLC cells. Subsequently, transcriptome analysis revealed that receptor-interacting serine/threonine-protein kinase 1 (RIPK1) was significantly down-regulated by phycocyanin in the LTEP-a2 cell, which was further validated by qRT-PCR and Western blot analysis in two other cell lines. Interestingly, similar to phycocyanin-treated assays, siRNA knockdown of RIPK1 expression also resulted in growth and migration inhibition of NSCLC cells. Moreover, the activity of NF-κB signaling was also suppressed after silencing RIPK1 expression, indicating that phycocyanin exerted anti-proliferative and anti-migratory function through down-regulating RIPK1/NF-κB activity in NSCLC cells. This study proposes a mechanism of action for phycocyanin involving both NSCLC apoptosis and down regulation of NSCLC genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Hao
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China.
| | - Shuang Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China.
| | - Jing Wang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China.
| | - Lei Zhao
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China.
| | - Yan Yan
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China.
| | - Tingting Wu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China.
| | - Jiawen Zhang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China.
| | - Chengtao Wang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China.
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Targeting the mDia Formin-Assembled Cytoskeleton Is an Effective Anti-Invasion Strategy in Adult High-Grade Glioma Patient-Derived Neurospheres. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11030392. [PMID: 30897774 PMCID: PMC6468841 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11030392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Revised: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
High-grade glioma (HGG, WHO Grade III–IV) accounts for the majority of adult primary malignant brain tumors. Failure of current therapies to target invasive glioma cells partly explains the minimal survival advantages: invasive tumors lack easily-defined surgical margins, and are inherently more chemo- and radioresistant. Much work centers upon Rho GTPase-mediated glioma invasion, yet downstream Rho effector roles are poorly understood and represent potential therapeutic targets. The roles for the mammalian Diaphanous (mDia)-related formin family of Rho effectors have emerged in invasive/metastatic disease. mDias assemble linear F-actin to promote protrusive cytoskeletal structures underlying tumor cell invasion. Small molecule mDia intramimic (IMM) agonists induced mDia functional activities including F-actin polymerization. mDia agonism inhibited polarized migration in Glioblastoma (WHO Grade IV) cells in three-dimensional (3D) in vitro and rat brain slice models. Here, we evaluate whether clinically-relevant high-grade glioma patient-derived neuro-sphere invasion is sensitive to formin agonism. Surgical HGG samples were dissociated, briefly grown as monolayers, and spontaneously formed non-adherent neuro-spheres. IMM treatment dramatically inhibited HGG patient neuro-sphere invasion, both at neuro-sphere embedding and mid-invasion assay, inducing an amoeboid morphology in neuro-sphere edge cells, while inhibiting actin- and tubulin-enriched tumor microtube formation. Thus, mDia agonism effectively disrupts multiple aspects of patient-derived HGG neuro-sphere invasion.
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Hao S, Yan Y, Li S, Zhao L, Zhang C, Liu L, Wang C. The In Vitro Anti-Tumor Activity of Phycocyanin against Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Cells. Mar Drugs 2018; 16:md16060178. [PMID: 29882874 PMCID: PMC6025048 DOI: 10.3390/md16060178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Revised: 05/01/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Phycocyanin, a type of functional food colorant, is shown to have a potent anti-cancer property. Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is one of the most aggressive form of cancers with few effective therapeutic options. Previous studies have demonstrated that phycocyanin exerts a growth inhibitory effect on NSCLC A549 cells. However, its biological function and underlying regulatory mechanism on other cells still remain unknown. Here, we investigated the in vitro function of phycocyanin on three typical NSCLC cell lines, NCI-H1299, NCI-H460, and LTEP-A2, for the first time. The results showed that phycocyanin could significantly induce apoptosis, cell cycle arrest, as well as suppress cell migration, proliferation, and the colony formation ability of NSCLC cells through regulating multiple key genes. Strikingly, phycocyanin was discovered to affect the cell phenotype through regulating the NF-κB signaling of NSCLC cells. Our findings demonstrated the anti-neoplastic function of phycocyanin and provided valuable information for the regulation of phycocyanin in NSCLC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Hao
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China.
| | - Yan Yan
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China.
| | - Shuang Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China.
| | - Lei Zhao
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China.
| | - Chan Zhang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China.
| | - Liyun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Disease, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China.
| | - Chengtao Wang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China.
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20
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Derk J, MacLean M, Juranek J, Schmidt AM. The Receptor for Advanced Glycation Endproducts (RAGE) and Mediation of Inflammatory Neurodegeneration. JOURNAL OF ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE & PARKINSONISM 2018; 8:421. [PMID: 30560011 PMCID: PMC6293973 DOI: 10.4172/2161-0460.1000421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Julia Derk
- Diabetes Research Program, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, NYU School of Medicine, 550 First Avenue, Smilow 906, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Michael MacLean
- Diabetes Research Program, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, NYU School of Medicine, 550 First Avenue, Smilow 906, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Judyta Juranek
- Diabetes Research Program, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, NYU School of Medicine, 550 First Avenue, Smilow 906, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Ann Marie Schmidt
- Diabetes Research Program, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, NYU School of Medicine, 550 First Avenue, Smilow 906, New York, NY, 10016, USA
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21
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Derk J, Hernandez KB, Rodriguez M, He M, Koh H, Abedini A, Li H, Fenyö D, Schmidt AM. Diaphanous 1 (DIAPH1) is Highly Expressed in the Aged Human Medial Temporal Cortex and Upregulated in Myeloid Cells During Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2018; 64:995-1007. [PMID: 29966194 PMCID: PMC6082178 DOI: 10.3233/jad-180088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) is linked to cellular stress and inflammation during Alzheimer's disease (AD). RAGE signals through Diaphanous-1 (DIAPH1); however, the expression of DIAPH1 in the healthy and AD human brain has yet to be methodically addressed. OBJECTIVE To delineate the cell- and disease-state specific expression of DIAPH1 in the human medial temporal cortex during healthy aging and AD. METHODS We used semi-quantitative immunohistochemistry in the human medial temporal cortex paired with widefield and confocal microscopy and automated analyses to determine colocalization and relative expression of DIAPH1 with key cell markers and molecules in the brains of subjects with AD versus age-matched controls. RESULTS We report robust colocalization of DIAPH1 with myeloid cells and increased expression during AD, which strongly correlated to increased neutral lipids and morphology of inflamed myeloid cells. DIAPH1 moderately colocalized with markers of endothelial cells, astrocytes, neurons, and oligodendrocytes. DISCUSSION Our findings localize DIAPH1 particularly to myeloid cells in the CNS, especially in AD in the locations of lipid droplet accumulation, thereby implicating RAGE-DIAPH1 signaling in dysregulated lipid metabolism and morphological changes of inflamed myeloid cells in this disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Derk
- Diabetes Research Program, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, NYU School of Medicine, 550 First Avenue, Smilow 906, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Keria Bermudez Hernandez
- Center for Health Informatics and Bioinformatics, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York 10016, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York 10016, USA
| | - Moises Rodriguez
- Diabetes Research Program, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, NYU School of Medicine, 550 First Avenue, Smilow 906, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Meilun He
- Diabetes Research Program, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, NYU School of Medicine, 550 First Avenue, Smilow 906, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Hyunwook Koh
- Department of Population Health, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Andisheh Abedini
- Diabetes Research Program, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, NYU School of Medicine, 550 First Avenue, Smilow 906, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Huilin Li
- Department of Population Health, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - David Fenyö
- Center for Health Informatics and Bioinformatics, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York 10016, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York 10016, USA
| | - Ann Marie Schmidt
- Diabetes Research Program, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, NYU School of Medicine, 550 First Avenue, Smilow 906, New York, NY, 10016, USA
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