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Zhang F, Liu M, Tuo J, Zhang L, Zhang J, Yu C, Xu Z. Levodopa-induced dyskinesia: interplay between the N-methyl-D-aspartic acid receptor and neuroinflammation. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1253273. [PMID: 37860013 PMCID: PMC10582719 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1253273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a common neurodegenerative disorder of middle-aged and elderly people, clinically characterized by resting tremor, myotonia, reduced movement, and impaired postural balance. Clinically, patients with PD are often administered levodopa (L-DOPA) to improve their symptoms. However, after years of L-DOPA treatment, most patients experience complications of varying severity, including the "on-off phenomenon", decreased efficacy, and levodopa-induced dyskinesia (LID). The development of LID can seriously affect the quality of life of patients, but its pathogenesis is unclear and effective treatments are lacking. Glutamic acid (Glu)-mediated changes in synaptic plasticity play a major role in LID. The N-methyl-D-aspartic acid receptor (NMDAR), an ionotropic glutamate receptor, is closely associated with synaptic plasticity, and neuroinflammation can modulate NMDAR activation or expression; in addition, neuroinflammation may be involved in the development of LID. However, it is not clear whether NMDA receptors are co-regulated with neuroinflammation during LID formation. Here we review how neuroinflammation mediates the development of LID through the regulation of NMDA receptors, and assess whether common anti-inflammatory drugs and NMDA receptor antagonists may be able to mitigate the development of LID through the regulation of central neuroinflammation, thereby providing a new theoretical basis for finding new therapeutic targets for LID.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanshi Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Mei Liu
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Jinmei Tuo
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Changyin Yu
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Zucai Xu
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
- The Collaborative Innovation Center of Tissue Damage Repair and Regeneration Medicine of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
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Fu J, Zhao X, Tian F, Yu X. Continuous dopaminergic stimulation counteracts L-DOPA-induced overactivity of Ca 2+ in 6-OHDA-lesioned rats. Exp Brain Res 2022; 240:1933-1941. [PMID: 35699744 DOI: 10.1007/s00221-022-06390-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
In the clinical treatment of Parkinson's disease (PD), the emergence of L-DOPA-induced dyskinesia (LID) and other motor symptoms remains a restrictive factor for the use of levodopa (L-DOPA). Our objective was to test the effect of continuous dopaminergic stimulation (CDS) on LID and the mechanism of its effect on the calcium (Ca2+) signaling pathway. 6-OHDA (6-hydroxydopamine)-treated rats were administered 1% CMC-Na, L-DOPA, rotigotine behenate (RGTB), and L-DOPA + RGTB, respectively, for 28 days. During the treatment, the abnormal involuntary movement (AIM) scores were conducted on days 1, 5, 10, 14, 19, 23 and 28 after the first dose. Subsequently, the number of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH)-positive neurons was detected by immunohistochemistry. Additionally, the changes in Ca2+ were detected using a laser confocal technique, and the related proteins, such as neuronal NOS (nNOS), BAX, BCL2, CaMKII, P-CaMKII, and PSD-95, were measured by Western blot. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was used to investigate the changes in synaptic structure. The data showed that CDS reduced the AIM scores, increased the expression of TH in the substantia nigra (SN), decreased the expression of nNOS and BAX/BCL2ratio in the striatum, reduced the Ca2+ influx induced by L-DOPA and inhibited the Ca2+ signaling pathways of dopamine neurons in the striatum. Moreover, the overactivity of synapses induced by L-DOPA was inhibited by CDS. These data further support the hypothesis that continuous delivery of a dopamine agonist reduces the risk of LID induction. Moreover, RGTB could be a promising treatment for PD by simulating CDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Fu
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinyu Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, People's Republic of China
| | - Fugang Tian
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Yu
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, People's Republic of China.
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Zheng M, Ahmed H, Smart K, Xu Y, Holden D, Kapinos M, Felchner Z, Haider A, Tamagnan G, Carson RE, Huang Y, Ametamey SM. Characterization in nonhuman primates of (R)-[ 18F]OF-Me-NB1 and (S)-[ 18F]OF-Me-NB1 for imaging the GluN2B subunits of the NMDA receptor. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2022; 49:2153-2162. [PMID: 35107627 PMCID: PMC9165293 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-022-05698-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE GluN2B containing N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) play an essential role in neurotransmission and are a potential treatment target for multiple neurological and neurodegenerative diseases, including stroke, Alzheimer's disease, and Parkinson's disease. (R)-[18F]OF-Me-NB1 was reported to be more specific and selective than (S)-[18F]OF-Me-NB1 for the GluN2B subunits of the NMDAR based on their binding affinity to GluN2B and sigma-1 receptors. Here we report a comprehensive evaluation of (R)-[18F]OF-Me-NB1 and (S)-[18F]OF-Me-NB1 in nonhuman primates. METHODS The radiosynthesis of (R)-[18F]OF-Me-NB1 and (S)-[18F]OF-Me-NB1 started from 18F-fluorination of the boronic ester precursor, followed by removal of the acetyl protecting group. PET scans in two rhesus monkeys were conducted on the Focus 220 scanner. Blocking studies were performed after treatment of the animals with the GluN2B antagonist Co101,244 or the sigma-1 receptor antagonist FTC-146. One-tissue compartment (1TC) model and multilinear analysis-1 (MA1) method with arterial input function were used to obtain the regional volume of distribution (VT, mL/cm3). Occupancy values by the two blockers were obtained by the Lassen plot. Regional non-displaceable binding potential (BPND) was calculated from the corresponding baseline VT and the VND derived from the occupancy plot of the Co101,244 blocking scans. RESULTS (R)- and (S)-[18F]OF-Me-NB1 were produced in > 99% radiochemical and enantiomeric purity, with molar activity of 224.22 ± 161.69 MBq/nmol at the end of synthesis (n = 10). Metabolism was moderate, with ~ 30% parent compound remaining for (R)-[18F]OF-Me-NB1 and 20% for (S)-[18F]OF-Me-NB1 at 30 min postinjection. Plasma free fraction was 1-2%. In brain regions, both (R)- and (S)-[18F]OF-Me-NB1 displayed fast uptake with slower clearance for the (R)- than (S)-enantiomer. For (R)-[18F]OF-Me-NB1, both the 1TC model and MA1 method gave reliable estimates of regional VT values, with MA1 VT (mL/cm3) values ranging from 8.9 in the cerebellum to 12.8 in the cingulate cortex. Blocking with 0.25 mg/kg of Co101,244 greatly reduced the uptake of (R)-[18F]OF-Me-NB1 across all brain regions, resulting in occupancy of 77% and VND of 6.36, while 0.027 mg/kg of FTC-146 reduced specific binding by 30%. Regional BPND, as a measure of specific binding signals, ranged from 0.40 in the cerebellum to 1.01 in the cingulate cortex. CONCLUSIONS In rhesus monkeys, (R)-[18F]OF-Me-NB1 exhibited fast kinetics and heterogeneous uptake across brain regions, while the (S)-enantiomer displayed a narrower dynamic range of uptake across regions. A Blocking study with a GluN2B antagonist indicated binding specificity. The value of BPND was > 0.5 in most brain regions, suggesting good in vivo specific binding signals. Taken together, results from the current study demonstrated the potential of (R)-[18F]OF-Me-NB1 as a useful radiotracer for imaging the GluN2B receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hazem Ahmed
- PET Center, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Kelly Smart
- PET Center, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Yuping Xu
- PET Center, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | | | | | | | - Ahmed Haider
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Yiyun Huang
- PET Center, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.
| | - Simon M Ametamey
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
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Glycation modulates glutamatergic signaling and exacerbates Parkinson's disease-like phenotypes. NPJ Parkinsons Dis 2022; 8:51. [PMID: 35468899 PMCID: PMC9038780 DOI: 10.1038/s41531-022-00314-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Alpha-synuclein (aSyn) is a central player in the pathogenesis of synucleinopathies due to its accumulation in typical protein aggregates in the brain. However, it is still unclear how it contributes to neurodegeneration. Type-2 diabetes mellitus is a risk factor for Parkinson's disease (PD). Interestingly, a common molecular alteration among these disorders is the age-associated increase in protein glycation. We hypothesized that glycation-induced neuronal dysfunction is a contributing factor in synucleinopathies. Here, we dissected the impact of methylglyoxal (MGO, a glycating agent) in mice overexpressing aSyn in the brain. We found that MGO-glycation potentiates motor, cognitive, olfactory, and colonic dysfunction in aSyn transgenic (Thy1-aSyn) mice that received a single dose of MGO via intracerebroventricular injection. aSyn accumulates in the midbrain, striatum, and prefrontal cortex, and protein glycation is increased in the cerebellum and midbrain. SWATH mass spectrometry analysis, used to quantify changes in the brain proteome, revealed that MGO mainly increase glutamatergic-associated proteins in the midbrain (NMDA, AMPA, glutaminase, VGLUT and EAAT1), but not in the prefrontal cortex, where it mainly affects the electron transport chain. The glycated proteins in the midbrain of MGO-injected Thy1-aSyn mice strongly correlate with PD and dopaminergic pathways. Overall, we demonstrated that MGO-induced glycation accelerates PD-like sensorimotor and cognitive alterations and suggest that the increase of glutamatergic signaling may underly these events. Our study sheds new light into the enhanced vulnerability of the midbrain in PD-related synaptic dysfunction and suggests that glycation suppressors and anti-glutamatergic drugs may hold promise as disease-modifying therapies for synucleinopathies.
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He HJ, Xiong X, Zhou S, Zhang XR, Zhao X, Chen L, Xie CL. Neuroprotective effects of curcumin via autophagy induction in 6-hydroxydopamine Parkinson's models. Neurochem Int 2022; 155:105297. [PMID: 35122926 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2022.105297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Curcumin, a polyphenolic compound extracted from curcuma longa, acts as a nontoxic matter with anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory effects as well as antiproliferative activities. Here, our research aimed to explore the neuroprotective effects of curcumin both in the 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA)-lesioned rat model of Parkinson's disease (PD) in vivo and 6-OHDA-lesioned PC12 cells in vitro. In vitro, 6-OHDA caused a distinct decrease in cell viability of PC12 cells (150 μM). With the incubation of curcumin (1 μM), 6-OHDA-induced apoptosis was suppressed, increasing the autophagy markers (LC3-II/LC3-I, Beclin-1) and inhibiting phosphor-AKT/AKT, phosphor-mTOR/mTOR. In vivo, curcumin (50 mg/kg) reduced the accumulation of a-synuclein and led to higher parkinsonian disability scores in 6-OHDA-lesioned PD rats, contributing to induction of autophagy through inhibiting AKT/mTOR signal pathway. Moreover, treatment with autophagy inhibitors, such as 3-MA and chloroquine, abolished the neuroprotective effects of curcumin as evidence by compromised autophagy and declined motor behavior in PD rats. In conclusion, the present study demonstrated that curcumin repressed PC12 cell death in vitro and improved parkinsonian disability scores in vivo by inhibiting AKT/mTOR signaling pathway which mediated by autophagy, indicating a potential value of curcumin in the therapeutic intervention of Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Jun He
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China
| | - Xi Xiong
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China
| | - Shuoting Zhou
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China
| | - Xing-Ru Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China
| | - Xuemiao Zhao
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China
| | - Lingli Chen
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China.
| | - Cheng-Long Xie
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China; Key Laboratory of Alzheimer's Disease of Zhejiang Province, China; Institute of Aging, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China; Oujiang Laboratory, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.
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Zheng C, Zhang F. New insights into pathogenesis of l-DOPA-induced dyskinesia. Neurotoxicology 2021; 86:104-113. [PMID: 34331976 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2021.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 07/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive and self-propelling neurodegenerative disorder, which is characterized by motor symptoms, such as rigidity, tremor, slowness of movement and problems with gait. These symptoms become worse over time. To date, Dopamine (DA) replacement therapy with 3, 4-dihydroxy-l-phenylalanine (L-DOPA) is still the most effective pharmacotherapy for motor symptoms of PD. Unfortunately, motor fluctuations consisting of wearing-off effect actions and dyskinesia tend to occur in a few years of starting l-DOPA. Currently, l-DOPA-induced dyskinesia (LID) is troublesome and the pathogenesis of LID requires further investigation. Importantly, a new intervention for LID is imminent. Thus, this review mainly summarized the clinical features, risk factors and pathogenesis of LID to provide updatefor the development of therapeutic targets and new approaches for the treatment of LID.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changqing Zheng
- Laboratory Animal Center and Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Feng Zhang
- Laboratory Animal Center and Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China.
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Wang WW, Han R, He HJ, Li J, Chen SY, Gu Y, Xie C. Administration of quercetin improves mitochondria quality control and protects the neurons in 6-OHDA-lesioned Parkinson's disease models. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:11738-11751. [PMID: 33878030 PMCID: PMC8109056 DOI: 10.18632/aging.202868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Mounting evidence suggests that mitochondrial dysfunction and impaired mitophagy lead to Parkinson’s disease (PD). Quercetin, one of the most abundant polyphenolic flavonoids, displays many health-promoting biological effects in many diseases. We explored the neuroprotective effect of quercetin in vivo in the 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA)-lesioned rat model of PD and in vitro in 6-OHDA-treated PC12 cells. In vitro, we found that quercetin (20 μM) treatment improved mitochondrial quality control, reduced oxidative stress, increased the levels of the mitophagy markers PINK1 and Parkin and decreased α-synuclein protein expression in 6-OHDA-treated PC12 cells. Moreover, our in vivo findings demonstrated that administration of quercetin also relieved 6-OHDA-induced progressive PD-like motor behaviors, mitigated neuronal death and reduced mitochondrial damage and α-synuclein accumulation in PD rats. Furthermore, the neuroprotective effect of quercetin was suppressed by knockdown of either Pink1 or Parkin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Wen Wang
- The Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China
| | - Ruiyu Han
- NHC Key Laboratory of Family Planning and Healthy, Hebei Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Hebei Research Institute for Family Planning Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang 050071, Hebei, China
| | - Hai-Jun He
- The Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China.,Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Jia Li
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Si-Yan Chen
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Yingying Gu
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Chenglong Xie
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
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Pivotal Role of Fyn Kinase in Parkinson's Disease and Levodopa-Induced Dyskinesia: a Novel Therapeutic Target? Mol Neurobiol 2020; 58:1372-1391. [PMID: 33175322 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-020-02201-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The exact etiology of Parkinson's disease (PD) remains obscure, although many cellular mechanisms including α-synuclein aggregation, oxidative damage, excessive neuroinflammation, and dopaminergic neuronal apoptosis are implicated in its pathogenesis. There is still no disease-modifying treatment for PD and the gold standard therapy, chronic use of levodopa is usually accompanied by severe side effects, mainly levodopa-induced dyskinesia (LID). Hence, the elucidation of the precise underlying molecular mechanisms is of paramount importance. Fyn is a tyrosine phospho-transferase of the Src family nonreceptor kinases that is highly implicated in immune regulation, cell proliferation and normal brain development. Accumulating preclinical evidence highlights the emerging role of Fyn in key aspects of PD and LID pathogenesis: it may regulate α-synuclein phosphorylation, oxidative stress-induced dopaminergic neuronal death, enhanced neuroinflammation and glutamate excitotoxicity by mediating key signaling pathways, such as BDNF/TrkB, PKCδ, MAPK, AMPK, NF-κB, Nrf2, and NMDAR axes. These findings suggest that therapeutic targeting of Fyn or Fyn-related pathways may represent a novel approach in PD treatment. Saracatinib, a nonselective Fyn inhibitor, has already been tested in clinical trials for Alzheimer's disease, and novel selective Fyn inhibitors are under investigation. In this comprehensive review, we discuss recent evidence on the role of Fyn in the pathogenesis of PD and LID and provide insights on additional Fyn-related molecular mechanisms to be explored in PD and LID pathology that could aid in the development of future Fyn-targeted therapeutic approaches.
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Modified Glutamatergic Postsynapse in Neurodegenerative Disorders. Neuroscience 2019; 454:116-139. [PMID: 31887357 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2019.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Revised: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The postsynaptic density (PSD) is a complex subcellular domain important for postsynaptic signaling, function, and plasticity. The PSD is present at excitatory synapses and specialized to allow for precise neuron-to-neuron transmission of information. The PSD is localized immediately underneath the postsynaptic membrane forming a major protein network that regulates postsynaptic signaling and synaptic plasticity. Glutamatergic synaptic dysfunction affecting PSD morphology and signaling events have been described in many neurodegenerative disorders, either sporadic or familial forms. Thus, in this review we describe the main protein players forming the PSD and their activity, as well as relevant modifications in key components of the postsynaptic architecture occurring in Huntington's, Parkinson's and Alzheimer's diseases.
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β-arrestin2 alleviates L-dopa-induced dyskinesia via lower D1R activity in Parkinson's rats. Aging (Albany NY) 2019; 11:12315-12327. [PMID: 31891566 PMCID: PMC6949085 DOI: 10.18632/aging.102574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2019] [Accepted: 11/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The cause of the L-dopa–induced dyskinesia (LID) has been ascribed to G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR) supersensitivity and uncontrolled downstream signaling. It is now supposed that β-arrestin2 affects GPCR signaling through its ability to scaffold various intracellular molecules. We used the rAAV (recombinant adeno-associated virus) vectors to overexpress and ablation of β-arrestin2. L-dopa-induced changes in expression of signaling molecules and other proteins in the striatum were examined by western blot and immunohistochemically. Our data demonstrated that via AAV-mediated overexpression of β-arrestin2 attenuated LID performance in 6-OHDA-lesioned rodent models. β-arrestin2 suppressed LID behavior without compromising the antiparkinsonian effects of L-dopa. Moreover, we also found that the anti-dyskinetic effect of β-arrestin2 was reversed by SKF38393, a D1R agonist. On the contrary, the rat knockdown study demonstrated that reduced availability of β-arrestin2 deteriorated LID performance, which was counteracted by SCH23390, a D1R antagonist. These data not only demonstrate a central role for β-arrestin2/GPCR signaling in LID, but also show the D1R signal pathway changes occurring in response to dopaminergic denervation and pulsatile administration of L-dopa.
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Wang WW, Zhang XR, Lin JY, Zhang ZR, Wang Z, Chen SY, Xie CL. Levodopa/Benserazide PLGA Microsphere Prevents L-Dopa-Induced Dyskinesia via Lower β-Arrestin2 in 6-Hydroxydopamine Parkinson's Rats. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:660. [PMID: 31275144 PMCID: PMC6593297 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Prolonged pulsatile administration of Levodopa (L-dopa) can generate L-dopa–induced dyskinesia (LID). Numerous research has reported that continuous dopamine delivery (CDD) was useful in reducing the severity of LID. 6-OHDA lesioned rats were divided into two groups to receive intermittent L-dopa stimulation (L-dopa/benserazide) or Levodopa/benserazide PLGA microsphere (LBPM) for 3 weeks. rAAV (recombinant adeno-associated virus) vector was used to overexpress and ablation of β-arrestin2. We found that LBPM developed less AIM severity compared with standard L-dopa administration, whereas selective deletion of β-arrestin2 in striatum neurons dramatically enhanced the severity of dyskinesia by LBPM. On the contrary, the effects of LBPM in terms of ALO AIM were further relieved by β-arrestin2 overexpression. Furthermore, no significant change in motor behavior was seen either in inhibition or overexpression of β-arrestin2. In short, our experiments provided evidence that LBPM’s prevention of LID behavior was likely due to β-arrestin2, suggesting that a therapy modulating β-arrestin2 may offer a more efficient anti-dyskinetic method with a low risk of untoward effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Wen Wang
- The Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xing-Ru Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jing-Ya Lin
- Department of Neurology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zeng-Rui Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Si-Yan Chen
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Cheng-Long Xie
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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PGAM5-CypD pathway is involved in bromocriptine-induced RIP3/MLKL-dependent necroptosis of prolactinoma cells. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 111:638-648. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.12.128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Revised: 12/27/2018] [Accepted: 12/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
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