1
|
Su Q, Yang SP, Guo JP, Rong YR, Sun Y, Chai YR. Epigallocatechin-3-gallate ameliorates lipopolysaccharide-induced acute thymus involution in mice via AMPK/Sirt1 pathway. Microbiol Immunol 2024; 68:281-293. [PMID: 38886542 DOI: 10.1111/1348-0421.13159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
The thymus, a site to culture the naïve T lymphocytes, is susceptible to atrophy or involution due to aging, inflammation, and oxidation. Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) has been proven to possess anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antitumor activity. Here, we investigate the effects of EGCG on thymic involution induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS), an endotoxin derived from Gram-negative bacteria. The methodology included an in vivo experiment on female Kunming mice exposed to LPS and EGCG. Morphological assessment of thymic involution, immunohistochemical detection, and thymocyte subsets analysis by flow cytometry were further carried out to evaluate the potential role of EGCG on the thymus. As a result, we found that EGCG alleviated LPS-induced thymic atrophy, increased mitochondrial membrane potential and superoxide dismutase levels, and decreased malondialdehyde and reactive oxygen species levels. In addition, EGCG pre-supplement restored the ratio of thymocyte subsets, the expression of autoimmune regulator, sex-determining region Y-box 2, and Nanog homebox, and reduced the number of senescent cells and collagen fiber deposition. Western blotting results indicated that EGCG treatment elevated LPS-induced decrease in pAMPK, Sirt1 protein expression. Collectively, EGCG relieved thymus architecture and function damaged by LPS via regulation of AMPK/Sirt1 signaling pathway. Our findings may provide a new strategy on protection of thymus from involution caused by LPS by using EGCG. And EGCG might be considered as a potential agent for the prevention and treatment of thymic involution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qing Su
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, PR China
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, PR China
| | - Shu-Ping Yang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, PR China
- School of Medical Technology, Sanquan College of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, PR China
| | - Jun-Ping Guo
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, PR China
| | - Yi-Ren Rong
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, PR China
| | - Yun Sun
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, PR China
| | - Yu-Rong Chai
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zhao Q, Zhang R, Wang Y, Li T, Xue J, Chen Z. FOXQ1, deubiquitinated by USP10, alleviates sepsis-induced acute kidney injury by targeting the CREB5/NF-κB signaling axis. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2024; 1870:167331. [PMID: 38960057 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2024.167331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
Sepsis-induced acute kidney injury (S-AKI) is a severe and frequent complication that occurs during sepsis. This study aimed to understand the role of FOXQ1 in S-AKI and its potential upstream and downstream regulatory mechanisms. A cecal ligation and puncture induced S-AKI mouse model in vivo and an LPS-induced HK-2 cell model in vitro were used. FOXQ1 was significantly upregulated in CLP mice and downregulated in the LPS-induced HK-2 cells. Upregulation of FOXQ1 improved kidney injury and dysfunction in CLP mice. Overexpression of FOXQ1 remarkably suppressed the apoptosis and inflammatory response via down-regulating oxidative stress indicators and pro-inflammatory factors (IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α), both in vivo and in vitro. From online analysis, the CREB5/NF-κB axis was identified as the downstream target of FOXQ1. FOXQ1 transcriptionally activated CREB5, upregulating its expression. Overexpression of FOXQ1 suppressed the phosphorylation level and nucleus transport of p65. Rescue experiments showed that CREB5 mediates the protective role of FOXQ1 on S-AKI. Furthermore, FOXQ1 was identified as a substrate of USP10, a deubiquitinating enzyme. Ectopic expression of USP10 reduced the ubiquitination of FOXQ1, promoting its protein stability. USP10 upregulation alleviated LPS-induced cell apoptosis and inflammatory response, while suppression of FOXQ1 augmented these trends. Collectively, our results suggest that FOXQ1, deubiquitinated by USP10, plays a protective role in S-AKI induced inflammation and apoptosis by targeting CREB5/NF-κB axis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qi Zhao
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Ran Zhang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Tiegang Li
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China.
| | - Jinqi Xue
- Department of Oncology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China.
| | - Zhiguang Chen
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Yaman T, Akkoyun HT, Bayramoğlu Akkoyun M, Karagözoğlu F, Melek Ş, Keleş ÖF, Bengü AŞ. Assessment of the effect of sodium tetraborate on oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis in lead-induced nephrotoxicity. Drug Chem Toxicol 2024:1-13. [PMID: 38804252 DOI: 10.1080/01480545.2024.2358067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Exposure to Pb, a toxic heavy metal, is a risk factor for renal damage. Borax, an essential trace element in cellular metabolism, is a naturally occurring compound found in many foods. This study investigated the effects of sodium tetraborate (ST), a source of borax, on renal oxidative stress and inflammation in rats exposed to Pb. Wistar Albino rats (n = 24) were divided into four groups: Control (0.5 mL, i.p. isotonic), Pb (50 mg/kg/day/i.p.), ST (4.0 mg/kg/day/oral), and Pb + ST groups. At the end of the five-day experimental period, kidney tissue samples were obtained and analyzed. Histopathologically, the Pb-induced damage observed in the Pb group improved in the Pb + ST group. Immunohistochemically, Pb administration increased the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase, cyclooxygenase-2, and caspase-3. When evaluated biochemically, Pb application inhibited catalase and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) enzyme activities and activated superoxide dismutase enzyme activity. An increase in malondialdehyde levels was considered an indicator of damage. ST application increases glutathione peroxidase enzyme activity and decreased malondialdehyde levels. These results indicate that ST might play a protective role against Pb-induced renal damage via the upregulation of renal tissue antioxidants and cyclooxygenase-2, inducible nitric oxide synthase, and caspase-3 immunoexpression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Turan Yaman
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Van Yuzuncu Yil University, Van, Turkey
| | - H Turan Akkoyun
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Siirt University, Siirt, Turkey
| | | | - Fatma Karagözoğlu
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Nutritional Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Dokuz Eylül University, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Şule Melek
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Bingol Universıty, Bingöl, Turkey
| | - Ömer Faruk Keleş
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Van Yuzuncu Yil University, Van, Turkey
| | - Aydın Şükrü Bengü
- Vocational School of Health Services, Bingöl University, Bingöl, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Ling H, Lin Y, Bao W, Xu N, Chen L, Zhao L, Liu C, Shen Y, Zhang D, Gong Y, Gao Q, Wang J, Jin S. Erythropoietin-mediated IL-17 F attenuates sepsis-induced gut microbiota dysbiosis and barrier dysfunction. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 165:115072. [PMID: 37390712 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Revised: 06/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Septic gut damage is critical in the progression of sepsis and multiple organ failure, characterized by gut microbiota dysbiosis and epithelium deficiency in the gut barrier. Recent studies highlight the protective effects of Erythropoietin (EPO) on multiple organs. The present study found that EPO treatment significantly alleviated the survival rate, suppressed inflammatory responses, and ameliorated intestine damage in mice with sepsis. EPO treatment also reversed sepsis-induced gut microbiota dysbiosis. The protective role of EPO in the gut barrier and microbiota was impaired after EPOR knockout. Notably, we innovatively demonstrated that IL-17 F screened by transcriptome sequencing could ameliorate sepsis and septic gut damage including gut microbiota dysbiosis and barrier dysfunction, which was verified by IL-17 F-treated fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) as well. Our findings highlight the protection effects of EPO-mediated IL-17 F in sepsis-induced gut damage by alleviating gut barrier dysfunction and restoring gut microbiota dysbiosis. EPO and IL-17 F may be potential therapeutic targets in septic patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hanzhi Ling
- Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China; Department of Biochemistry, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Yufan Lin
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, The First Clinical College of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Weilei Bao
- Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China; Key Laboratory of Pediatric Anesthesiology, Ministry of Education,Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang 325035, China; Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Nannan Xu
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Liping Chen
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Lin Zhao
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Chuanlong Liu
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Yecheng Shen
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Danlu Zhang
- Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Yuqiang Gong
- Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China.
| | - Qiuqi Gao
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, The First Clinical College of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China.
| | - Jianguang Wang
- Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China; Department of Biochemistry, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China.
| | - Shengwei Jin
- Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China; Key Laboratory of Pediatric Anesthesiology, Ministry of Education,Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang 325035, China; Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang 325035, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Li K, Gao L, Zhou S, Ma YR, Xiao X, Jiang Q, Kang ZH, Liu ML, Liu TX. Erythropoietin promotes energy metabolism to improve LPS-induced injury in HK-2 cells via SIRT1/PGC1-α pathway. Mol Cell Biochem 2023; 478:651-663. [PMID: 36001204 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-022-04540-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is one of frequent complications of sepsis with high mortality. Mitochondria is the center of energy metabolism participating in the pathogenesis of sepsis-associated AKI, and SIRT1/PGC1-α signaling pathway plays a crucial role in the modulation of energy metabolism. Erythropoietin (EPO) exerts protective functions on chronic kidney disease. We aimed to assess the effects of EPO on cell damage and energy metabolism in a cell model of septic AKI. Renal tubular epithelial cells HK-2 were treated with LPS and human recombinant erythropoietin (rhEPO). Cell viability was detected by CCK-8 and mitochondrial membrane potential was determined using JC-1 fluorescent probe. Then the content of ATP, ADP and NADPH, as well as lactic acid, were measured for the assessment of energy metabolism. Oxidative stress was evaluated by detecting the levels of ROS, MDA, SOD and GSH. Pro-inflammatory cytokines, including TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β, were measured with ELISA. Moreover, qRT-PCR and western blot were performed to detect mRNA and protein expressions. shSIRT1 was used to knockdown SIRT1, while EX527 and SR-18292 were applied to inhibit SIRT1 and PGC1-α, respectively, to investigate the regulatory mechanism of rhEPO on inflammatory injury and energy metabolism. In LPS-exposed HK-2 cells, rhEPO attenuated cell damage, inflammation and abnormal energy metabolism, as indicated by the elevated cell viability, the inhibited oxidative stress, cell apoptosis and inflammation, as well as the increased mitochondrial membrane potential and energy metabolism. However, these protective effects induced by rhEPO were reversed after SIRT1 or PGC1-α inhibition. EPO activated SIRT1/PGC1-α pathway to alleviate LPS-induced abnormal energy metabolism and cell damage in HK-2 cells. Our study suggested that rhEPO played a renoprotective role through SIRT1/PGC1-α pathway, which supported its therapeutic potential in septic AKI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kan Li
- Department of Nephrology, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, No.1 Donggangxi Road, Chengguan District, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu Province, China
| | - Li Gao
- Department of Gynaecology, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu Province, China
| | - Sen Zhou
- Department of Nephrology, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, No.1 Donggangxi Road, Chengguan District, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu Province, China
| | - Yan-Rong Ma
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu Province, China
| | - Xiao Xiao
- The First Clinical Medical School of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu Province, China
| | - Qian Jiang
- The First Clinical Medical School of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu Province, China
| | - Zhi-Hong Kang
- The First Clinical Medical School of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu Province, China
| | - Ming-Long Liu
- Department of Nephrology, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, No.1 Donggangxi Road, Chengguan District, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu Province, China
| | - Tian-Xi Liu
- Department of Nephrology, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, No.1 Donggangxi Road, Chengguan District, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu Province, China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Pan X, Xie J, Zhang L, Wang X, Zhang S, Zhuang Y, Lin X, Shi S, Shi S, Lin W. Evaluate prognostic accuracy of SOFA component score for mortality among adults with sepsis by machine learning method. BMC Infect Dis 2023; 23:76. [PMID: 36747139 PMCID: PMC9903420 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-023-08045-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Sepsis has the characteristics of high incidence, high mortality of ICU patients. Early assessment of disease severity and risk stratification of death in patients with sepsis, and further targeted intervention are very important. The purpose of this study was to develop machine learning models based on sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA) components to early predict in-hospital mortality in ICU patients with sepsis and evaluate model performance. METHODS Patients admitted to ICU with sepsis diagnosis were extracted from MIMIC-IV database for retrospective analysis, and were randomly divided into training set and test set in accordance with 2:1. Six variables were included in this study, all of which were from the scores of 6 organ systems in SOFA score. The machine learning model was trained in the training set and evaluated in the validation set. Six machine learning methods including linear regression analysis, least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO), Logistic regression analysis (LR), Gaussian Naive Bayes (GNB) and support vector machines (SVM) were used to construct the death risk prediction models, and the accuracy, area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC), Decision Curve Analysis (DCA) and K-fold cross-validation were used to evaluate the prediction performance of developed models. RESULT A total of 23,889 patients with sepsis were enrolled, of whom 3659 died in hospital. Three feature variables including renal system score, central nervous system score and cardio vascular system score were used to establish prediction models. The accuracy of the LR, GNB, SVM were 0.851, 0.844 and 0.862, respectively, which were better than linear regression analysis (0.123) and LASSO (0.130). The AUROCs of LR, GNB and SVM were 0.76, 0.76 and 0.67, respectively. K-fold cross validation showed that the average AUROCs of LR, GNB and SVM were 0.757 ± 0.005, 0.762 ± 0.006, 0.630 ± 0.013, respectively. For the probability threshold of 5-50%, LY and GNB models both showed positive net benefits. CONCLUSION The two machine learning-based models (LR and GNB models) based on SOFA components can be used to predict in-hospital mortality of septic patients admitted to ICU.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobin Pan
- grid.415108.90000 0004 1757 9178Department of Critical Care Medicine, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Provincial Hospital South Branch, Fujian Provincial Jinshan Hospital, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jinbao Xie
- grid.412683.a0000 0004 1758 0400Department of Thoracic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Lihui Zhang
- grid.415108.90000 0004 1757 9178Department of Critical Care Medicine, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Provincial Hospital South Branch, Fujian Provincial Jinshan Hospital, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xincai Wang
- grid.415108.90000 0004 1757 9178Department of Critical Care Medicine, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Provincial Hospital South Branch, Fujian Provincial Jinshan Hospital, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Shujuan Zhang
- grid.415108.90000 0004 1757 9178Department of Critical Care Medicine, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Provincial Hospital South Branch, Fujian Provincial Jinshan Hospital, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yingfeng Zhuang
- grid.415108.90000 0004 1757 9178Department of Critical Care Medicine, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Provincial Hospital South Branch, Fujian Provincial Jinshan Hospital, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xingsheng Lin
- grid.415108.90000 0004 1757 9178Department of Critical Care Medicine, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Provincial Hospital South Branch, Fujian Provincial Jinshan Hospital, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Songjing Shi
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, China.
| | - Songchang Shi
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Provincial Hospital South Branch, Fujian Provincial Jinshan Hospital, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, China.
| | - Wei Lin
- Department of Endocrinology, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Shi X, Seidle KA, Simms KJ, Dong F, Chilian WM, Zhang P. Endothelial progenitor cells in the host defense response. Pharmacol Ther 2023; 241:108315. [PMID: 36436689 PMCID: PMC9944665 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2022.108315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Extensive injury of endothelial cells in blood vasculature, especially in the microcirculatory system, frequently occurs in hosts suffering from sepsis and the accompanied systemic inflammation. Pathological factors, including toxic components derived from invading microbes, oxidative stress associated with tissue ischemia/reperfusion, and vessel active mediators generated during the inflammatory response, are known to play important roles in mediating endothelial injury. Collapse of microcirculation and tissue edema developed from the failure of endothelial barrier function in vital organ systems, including the lung, brain, and kidney, are detrimental, which often predict fatal outcomes. The host body possesses a substantial capacity for maintaining vascular homeostasis and repairing endothelial damage. Bone marrow and vascular wall niches house endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs). In response to septic challenges, EPCs in their niche environment are rapidly activated for proliferation and angiogenic differentiation. In the meantime, release of EPCs from their niches into the blood stream and homing of these vascular precursors to tissue sites of injury are markedly increased. The recruited EPCs actively participate in host defense against endothelial injury and repair of damage in blood vasculature via direct differentiation into endothelial cells for re-endothelialization as well as production of vessel active mediators to exert paracrine and autocrine effects on angiogenesis/vasculogenesis. In recent years, investigations on significance of EPCs in host defense and molecular signaling mechanisms underlying regulation of the EPC response have achieved substantial progress, which promotes exploration of vascular precursor cell-based approaches for effective prevention and treatment of sepsis-induced vascular injury as well as vital organ system failure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Shi
- Department of Integrative Medical Sciences, Northeast Ohio Medical University College of Medicine, Rootstown, OH 44272, United States of America
| | - Kelly A Seidle
- Department of Integrative Medical Sciences, Northeast Ohio Medical University College of Medicine, Rootstown, OH 44272, United States of America
| | - Kevin J Simms
- Department of Integrative Medical Sciences, Northeast Ohio Medical University College of Medicine, Rootstown, OH 44272, United States of America
| | - Feng Dong
- Department of Integrative Medical Sciences, Northeast Ohio Medical University College of Medicine, Rootstown, OH 44272, United States of America
| | - William M Chilian
- Department of Integrative Medical Sciences, Northeast Ohio Medical University College of Medicine, Rootstown, OH 44272, United States of America
| | - Ping Zhang
- Department of Integrative Medical Sciences, Northeast Ohio Medical University College of Medicine, Rootstown, OH 44272, United States of America.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Dennhardt S, Pirschel W, Wissuwa B, Imhof D, Daniel C, Kielstein JT, Hennig-Pauka I, Amann K, Gunzer F, Coldewey SM. Targeting the innate repair receptor axis via erythropoietin or pyroglutamate helix B surface peptide attenuates hemolytic-uremic syndrome in mice. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1010882. [PMID: 36211426 PMCID: PMC9537456 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1010882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Hemolytic-uremic syndrome (HUS) can occur as a systemic complication of infections with Shiga toxin (Stx)-producing Escherichia coli and is characterized by microangiopathic hemolytic anemia and acute kidney injury. Hitherto, therapy has been limited to organ-supportive strategies. Erythropoietin (EPO) stimulates erythropoiesis and is approved for the treatment of certain forms of anemia, but not for HUS-associated hemolytic anemia. EPO and its non-hematopoietic analog pyroglutamate helix B surface peptide (pHBSP) have been shown to mediate tissue protection via an innate repair receptor (IRR) that is pharmacologically distinct from the erythropoiesis-mediating receptor (EPO-R). Here, we investigated the changes in endogenous EPO levels in patients with HUS and in piglets and mice subjected to preclinical HUS models. We found that endogenous EPO was elevated in plasma of humans, piglets, and mice with HUS, regardless of species and degree of anemia, suggesting that EPO signaling plays a role in HUS pathology. Therefore, we aimed to examine the therapeutic potential of EPO and pHBSP in mice with Stx-induced HUS. Administration of EPO or pHBSP improved 7-day survival and attenuated renal oxidative stress but did not significantly reduce renal dysfunction and injury in the employed model. pHBSP, but not EPO, attenuated renal nitrosative stress and reduced tubular dedifferentiation. In conclusion, targeting the EPO-R/IRR axis reduced mortality and renal oxidative stress in murine HUS without occurrence of thromboembolic complications or other adverse side effects. We therefore suggest that repurposing EPO for the treatment of patients with hemolytic anemia in HUS should be systematically investigated in future clinical trials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Dennhardt
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
- Septomics Research Center, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
- Center for Sepsis Control and Care, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Wiebke Pirschel
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
- Septomics Research Center, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Bianka Wissuwa
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
- Septomics Research Center, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Diana Imhof
- Pharmaceutical Biochemistry and Bioanalytics, Pharmaceutical Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Christoph Daniel
- Department of Nephropathology, Friedrich-Alexander University (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jan T. Kielstein
- Medical Clinic V, Nephrology | Rheumatology | Blood Purification, Academic Teaching Hospital Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Isabel Hennig-Pauka
- Field Station for Epidemiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Bakum, Germany
| | - Kerstin Amann
- Department of Nephropathology, Friedrich-Alexander University (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Florian Gunzer
- Department of Hospital Infection Control, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Sina M. Coldewey
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
- Septomics Research Center, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
- Center for Sepsis Control and Care, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
- *Correspondence: Sina M. Coldewey,
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Feng YL, Yang Y, Chen H. Small molecules as a source for acute kidney injury therapy. Pharmacol Ther 2022; 237:108169. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2022.108169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
10
|
LaFavers K. Disruption of Kidney-Immune System Crosstalk in Sepsis with Acute Kidney Injury: Lessons Learned from Animal Models and Their Application to Human Health. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:1702. [PMID: 35163625 PMCID: PMC8835938 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In addition to being a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, sepsis is also the most common cause of acute kidney injury (AKI). When sepsis leads to the development of AKI, mortality increases dramatically. Since the cardinal feature of sepsis is a dysregulated host response to infection, a disruption of kidney-immune crosstalk is likely to be contributing to worsening prognosis in sepsis with acute kidney injury. Since immune-mediated injury to the kidney could disrupt its protein manufacturing capacity, an investigation of molecules mediating this crosstalk not only helps us understand the sepsis immune response, but also suggests that their supplementation could have a therapeutic effect. Erythropoietin, vitamin D and uromodulin are known to mediate kidney-immune crosstalk and their disrupted production could impact morbidity and mortality in sepsis with acute kidney injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kaice LaFavers
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Evansville, IN 47708, USA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Wu M, Huang Z, Huang W, Lin M, Liu W, Liu K, Li C. microRNA-124-3p attenuates myocardial injury in sepsis via modulating SP1/HDAC4/HIF-1α axis. Cell Death Dis 2022; 8:40. [PMID: 35091534 PMCID: PMC8799658 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-021-00763-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Sepsis-induced cardiac dysfunction can lead to death in sepsis. In this case, we targeted to explore in detail the relative mechanism of microRNA (miR)-124-3p in sepsis-induced myocardial injury via the specific protein 1/histone deacetylase 4/hypoxia-inducing factor 1α (SP1/HDAC4/HIF-1α) axis. Septic rats were modeled by cecal ligation puncture while in vitro septic cardiomyocyte H9C2 were induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). miR-124-3p/SP1/HDAC4/HIF-1α expression levels in myocardial tissues of septic rats and LPS-treated H9C2 cells were measured. miR-124-3p overexpression and SP1 silencing assays were implemented on LPS-treated H9C2 cells to explore theirs actions in inflammation, oxidative stress and cell apoptosis. The interactions of miR-124-3p, SP1, and HDAC4 were testified. miR-124-3p was lowly expressed while SP1, HDAC4, and HIF-1α were highly expressed in sepsis. Upregulation of miR-124-3p ameliorated inflammation, oxidative stress, and apoptosis of LPS-treated H9C2 cells. Silencing SP1 improved LPS-induced damage to cardiomyocytes. miR-124-3p targeted SP1 and HDAC4 interacted with SP1. SP1 overexpression antagonized miR-124-3p upregulation-induced improvements in LPS-induced cardiomyocyte damage. This study illustrates that miR-124-3p improves myocardial injury in septic rats through targeted regulation of SP1 to mediate HDAC4/HIF-1α.
Collapse
|
12
|
Li C, Wang W, Xie SS, Ma WX, Fan QW, Chen Y, He Y, Wang JN, Yang Q, Li HD, Jin J, Liu MM, Meng XM, Wen JG. The Programmed Cell Death of Macrophages, Endothelial Cells, and Tubular Epithelial Cells in Sepsis-AKI. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:796724. [PMID: 34926535 PMCID: PMC8674574 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.796724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Sepsis is a systemic inflammatory response syndrome caused by infection, following with acute injury to multiple organs. Sepsis-induced acute kidney injury (AKI) is currently recognized as one of the most severe complications related to sepsis. The pathophysiology of sepsis-AKI involves multiple cell types, including macrophages, vascular endothelial cells (ECs) and renal tubular epithelial cells (TECs), etc. More significantly, programmed cell death including apoptosis, necroptosis and pyroptosis could be triggered by sepsis in these types of cells, which enhances AKI progress. Moreover, the cross-talk and connections between these cells and cell death are critical for better understanding the pathophysiological basis of sepsis-AKI. Mitochondria dysfunction and oxidative stress are traditionally considered as the leading triggers of programmed cell death. Recent findings also highlight that autophagy, mitochondria quality control and epigenetic modification, which interact with programmed cell death, participate in the damage process in sepsis-AKI. The insightful understanding of the programmed cell death in sepsis-AKI could facilitate the development of effective treatment, as well as preventive methods.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chao Li
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, The Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory of Immune Medicines (Ministry of Education), Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Genitourinary Diseases, Department of Urology and Institute of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Shuai-Shuai Xie
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, The Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory of Immune Medicines (Ministry of Education), Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Wen-Xian Ma
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, The Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory of Immune Medicines (Ministry of Education), Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Qian-Wen Fan
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, The Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory of Immune Medicines (Ministry of Education), Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Ying Chen
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, The Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory of Immune Medicines (Ministry of Education), Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yuan He
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, The Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory of Immune Medicines (Ministry of Education), Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Jia-Nan Wang
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, The Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory of Immune Medicines (Ministry of Education), Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Qin Yang
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, The Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory of Immune Medicines (Ministry of Education), Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Hai-di Li
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, The Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory of Immune Medicines (Ministry of Education), Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Juan Jin
- Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immunopharmacology (Ministry of Education), Department of Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Ming-Ming Liu
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, The Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory of Immune Medicines (Ministry of Education), Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Xiao-Ming Meng
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, The Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory of Immune Medicines (Ministry of Education), Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Jia-Gen Wen
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, The Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory of Immune Medicines (Ministry of Education), Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Yang Z, Yan L, Cao H, Gu Y, Zhou P, Shi M, Li G, Jiao X, Li N, Li X, Sun K, Shao F. Erythropoietin Protects against Diffuse Alveolar Hemorrhage in Mice by Regulating Macrophage Polarization through the EPOR/JAK2/STAT3 Axis. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 206:1752-1764. [PMID: 33811103 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1901312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Macrophages play an important role in the pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus-associated diffuse alveolar hemorrhage (DAH). The immunomodulation of macrophage responses might be a potential approach for the prevention and treatment of DAH. Erythropoietin (EPO) could regulate macrophage bioactivities by binding to the EPO receptor expressing on macrophages. This study assessed the effects of EPO on DAH protection using an immune-mediated DAH murine model with macrophages as the major contributor. A DAH murine model was established in female C57BL/6 mice by an i.p. injection of pristane. We found that EPO administration alleviates DAH by reducing pulmonary macrophages recruitment and promoting phenotype switch toward M2 macrophages in vivo. EPO drove macrophages to the anti-inflammatory phenotype in the primary murine bone marrow-derived macrophages and macrophages cell line RAW 264.7 with LPS, IFN-γ, and IL-4 in vitro. Moreover, EPO treatment increases the expression of EPOR and decreases the expression of miR-494-3p, resulting in increased phosphorylation of JAK2 and STAT3. In conclusion, EPO can be a potential therapeutic agent in DAH by reducing cell apoptosis and regulating macrophage polarization through the EPOR/JAK2/STAT3 axis. Further studies are also needed to validate the direct target of miR-494-3p in regulating JAK2/STAT3 signaling transduction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhongnan Yang
- Department of Nephrology, Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Immunology, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital and Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China.,Department of Urology, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital and Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Lei Yan
- Department of Nephrology, Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Immunology, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital and Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Huixia Cao
- Department of Nephrology, Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Immunology, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital and Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yue Gu
- Department of Nephrology, Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Immunology, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital and Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Pan Zhou
- Department of Hematology, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital and Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China; and
| | - Mingyue Shi
- Department of Hematology, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital and Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China; and
| | - Guodong Li
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiaojing Jiao
- Department of Nephrology, Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Immunology, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital and Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Na Li
- Department of Nephrology, Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Immunology, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital and Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiangnan Li
- Department of Nephrology, Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Immunology, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital and Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Kai Sun
- Department of Hematology, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital and Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China; and
| | - Fengmin Shao
- Department of Nephrology, Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Immunology, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital and Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China;
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Bhardwaj M, Mani S, Malarvizhi R, Sali VK, Vasanthi HR. Immunomodulatory activity of brown algae Turbinaria ornata derived sulfated polysaccharide on LPS induced systemic inflammation. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 89:153615. [PMID: 34153878 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2021.153615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inflammation and oxidative stress are common pathologies in a wide range of chronic diseases. Polysaccharides are known to exhibit antioxidant and anti-inflammatory potential and are suggested to possess immunomodulatory potential. PURPOSE Herein, the immunomodulatory activity of a sulfated polysaccharide (PS) separated from a brown marine algae Turbinaria ornata is studied in LPS instigated systemic inflammation in experimental rats. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS Male SD rats are pretreated with different doses of PS (2.5, 5, 10 mg/kg bw) for a week followed by inducing systemic inflammation using LPS (10 mg/kg i.p.). Blood withdrawn after 8 h of LPS injection is subjected to hematological analysis (WBC, HCT, and PLT). After 24 h of LPS induction, cardiac tissue was isolated and subjected to biochemical, molecular, and histopathological analysis. Effect of PS pre-treatment (2.5, 5, 10 mg/kg bw) was checked by assessing serum parameters (AST, CK-MB, and γGT), antioxidant markers (LPO, GSH, SOD, Grx) and inflammatory markers (IL1β, IL6, IL10, NFκB), followed by analyzing the iNOS, PI3k and Akt to identify the probable mode of action. RESULTS Elevated levels of AST, CK-MB, and γGT in serum were significantly reduced on PS pretreatment. LPS significantly raised the LPO and Grx levels in heart tissue whereas, PS pre-treatment significantly reduced LPO and Grx levels. GSH and SOD levels were reduced upon LPS induction and were brought to near normal by HD of PS. PS also reduced the mRNA levels of IL6, Trx, and increased IL10 levels in the heart tissue substantiating its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant potency. Further, IL1β, NFκB, iNOS, and pPI3k/pAkt expressions were significantly modulated by PS in the cardiac tissue substantiating the immunomodulatory effect. A trend of improvement in the inflammatory pathology was also observed in the heart tissue compared to LPS control, as confirmed by histopathology analysis. CONCLUSION Altogether, this study concludes the immunomodulatory potential of PS from the marine macroalgae Turbinaria ornata significantly and prevents LPS induced systemic inflammation in the cardiac tissue presumably influenced by the glucopyranose and fucopyranose subunits in the polysaccharide.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meenakshi Bhardwaj
- Natural Products Research Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, Puducherry 605014, India
| | - Sugumar Mani
- Natural Products Research Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, Puducherry 605014, India
| | - R Malarvizhi
- Natural Products Research Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, Puducherry 605014, India
| | - Veeresh Kumar Sali
- Natural Products Research Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, Puducherry 605014, India
| | - Hannah R Vasanthi
- Natural Products Research Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, Puducherry 605014, India.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Ali FEM, Ahmed SF, Eltrawy AH, Yousef RS, Ali HS, Mahmoud AR, Abd-Elhamid TH. Pretreatment with Coenzyme Q10 Combined with Aescin Protects against Sepsis-Induced Acute Lung Injury. Cells Tissues Organs 2021; 210:195-217. [PMID: 34280918 DOI: 10.1159/000516192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Sepsis-associated acute lung injury (ALI) is a critical condition characterized by severe inflammatory response and mitochondrial dysfunction. Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) and aescin (AES) are well-known for their anti-inflammatory activities. However, their effects on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced lung injury have not been explored yet. Here, we asked whether combined pretreatment with CoQ10 and AES synergistically prevents LPS-induced lung injury. Fifty male rats were randomized into 5 groups: (1) control; (2) LPS-treated, rats received a single i.p. injection of LPS (8 mg/kg); (3) CoQ10-pretreated, (4) AES-pretreated, or (5) combined-pretreated; animals received CoQ10 (100 mg/kg), AES (5 mg/kg), or both orally for 7 days before LPS injection. Combined CoQ10 and AES pretreatment significantly reduced lung injury markers; 52.42% reduction in serum C-reactive protein (CRP), 53.69% in alkaline phosphatase (ALKP) and 60.26% in lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activities versus 44.58, 37.38, and 48.6% in CoQ10 and 33.81, 34.43, and 39.29% in AES-pretreated groups, respectively. Meanwhile, combination therapy significantly reduced interleukin (IL)-1β and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α expressions compared to monotherapy (p < 0.05). Additionally, combination therapy prevented LPS-induced histological and mitochondrial abnormalities greater than separate drugs. Western blotting indicated that combination therapy significantly suppressed nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain (NOD)-like receptors-3 (NLRP-3) inflammasome compared to separate drugs (p < 0.05). Further, combination therapy significantly decreased the expression of signaling cascades, p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases (p38 MAPK), nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB)-p65, and extracellular-regulated kinases 1/2 (ERK1/2) versus monotherapy (p < 0.05). Interestingly, combined pretreatment significantly downregulated high mobility group box-1 (HMGB1) by 72.93%, and toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) by -0.93-fold versus 61.92%, -0.83-fold in CoQ10 and 38.67%, -0.70-fold in AES pretreatment, respectively. Our results showed for the first time that the enhanced anti-inflammatory effect of combined CoQ10 and AES pretreatment prevented LPS-induced ALI via suppression of NLRP-3 inflammasome through regulation of HMGB1/TLR4 signaling pathway and mitochondrial stabilization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fares E M Ali
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Salwa F Ahmed
- Department of Histology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Amira H Eltrawy
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Reda S Yousef
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Sohag University, Sohag, Egypt
| | - Howaida S Ali
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amany R Mahmoud
- Department of Human Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Unaizah College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Unaizah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tarek H Abd-Elhamid
- Department of Histology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Wu Y, Yang B. Erythropoietin Receptor/β Common Receptor: A Shining Light on Acute Kidney Injury Induced by Ischemia-Reperfusion. Front Immunol 2021; 12:697796. [PMID: 34276689 PMCID: PMC8278521 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.697796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a health problem worldwide, but there is a lack of early diagnostic biomarkers and target-specific treatments. Ischemia-reperfusion (IR), a major cause of AKI, not only induces kidney injury, but also stimulates the self-defense system including innate immune responses to limit injury. One of these responses is the production of erythropoietin (EPO) by adjacent normal tissue, which is simultaneously triggered, but behind the action of its receptors, either by the homodimer EPO receptor (EPOR)2 mainly involved in erythropoiesis or the heterodimer EPOR/β common receptor (EPOR/βcR) which has a broad range of biological protections. EPOR/βcR is expressed in several cell types including tubular epithelial cells at low levels or absent in normal kidneys, but is swiftly upregulated by hypoxia and inflammation and also translocated to cellular membrane post IR. EPOR/βcR mediates anti-apoptosis, anti-inflammation, pro-regeneration, and remodeling via the PI3K/Akt, STAT3, and MAPK signaling pathways in AKI. However, the precise roles of EPOR/βcR in the pathogenesis and progression of AKI have not been well defined, and its potential as an earlier biomarker for AKI diagnosis and monitoring repair or chronic progression requires further investigation. Here, we review biological functions and mechanistic signaling pathways of EPOR/βcR in AKI, and discuss its potential clinical applications as a biomarker for effective diagnosis and predicting prognosis, as well as directing cell target drug delivery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Wu
- Basic Medical Research Centre, Medical School, Nantong University, Nantong, China.,Nantong-Leicester Joint Institute of Kidney Science, Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Bin Yang
- Nantong-Leicester Joint Institute of Kidney Science, Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China.,Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Li J, Chen J, Yang Y, Ding R, Wang M, Gu Z. Ginkgolide A attenuates sepsis-associated kidney damage via upregulating microRNA-25 with NADPH oxidase 4 as the target. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 95:107514. [PMID: 33677255 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.107514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to explore the effects of Ginkgolide A (GA) on renal function of mice with sepsis and whether GA could attenuate sepsis-associated inflammation and apoptosis in kidney via upregulating microRNA (miR)-25 with NADPH oxidase 4 (Nox4) as the target. Experiments were carried out on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated mice and kidney tubular (NRK-52E) cells. GA significantly inhibited the increases of creatinine (Cr), blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and cystatin C (CysC) in the serum of LPS-treated mice. The increases of inflammatory factors including tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-6 in the kidneys of LPS-treated mice or NRK-52E cells were inhibited by GA administration. The changes of cleaved-caspase 3, cleaved-caspase 8, Bax, Bcl2 in mouse kidney and NRK-52E cells treated by LPS were reversed by GA administration. The sepsis-induced decrease of miR-25 was enhanced by GA treatment. The LPS-induced increases of inflammatory factors and apoptosis in mouse kidney or NRK-52E cells were attenuated after miR-25 agomiR administration. The bioinformatics analysis and luciferase reporter assays showed that Nox4 was a direct target gene of miR-25. Treatment with miR-25 inhibited Nox4 expression, while Nox4 over-expression reversed the inhibiting effects of miR-25 agomiR on LPS-induced increases of inflammatory factors and apoptosis in NRK-52E cells. These results indicated that GA could improve sepsis-induced renal damage by attenuating renal inflammation and apoptosis via upregulating miR-25 with Nox4 as the target.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jianzhong Li
- Department of Urology, Wuxi Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Wuxi, China
| | - Jian Chen
- Department of Urology, Wuxi Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Wuxi, China
| | - Yucheng Yang
- Department of Urology, Wuxi Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Wuxi, China
| | - Rui Ding
- Department of Urology, Wuxi Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Wuxi, China
| | - Meili Wang
- Department of Urology, Wuxi Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Wuxi, China
| | - Zhenhua Gu
- Department of Urology, Wuxi Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Wuxi, China.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Kidney physiology and susceptibility to acute kidney injury: implications for renoprotection. Nat Rev Nephrol 2021; 17:335-349. [PMID: 33547418 DOI: 10.1038/s41581-021-00394-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Kidney damage varies according to the primary insult. Different aetiologies of acute kidney injury (AKI), including kidney ischaemia, exposure to nephrotoxins, dehydration or sepsis, are associated with characteristic patterns of damage and changes in gene expression, which can provide insight into the mechanisms that lead to persistent structural and functional damage. Early morphological alterations are driven by a delicate balance between energy demand and oxygen supply, which varies considerably in different regions of the kidney. The functional heterogeneity of the various nephron segments is reflected in their use of different metabolic pathways. AKI is often linked to defects in kidney oxygen supply, and some nephron segments might not be able to shift to anaerobic metabolism under low oxygen conditions or might have remarkably low basal oxygen levels, which enhances their vulnerability to damage. Here, we discuss why specific kidney regions are at particular risk of injury and how this information might help to delineate novel routes for mitigating injury and avoiding permanent damage. We suggest that the physiological heterogeneity of the kidney should be taken into account when exploring novel renoprotective strategies, such as improvement of kidney tissue oxygenation, stimulation of hypoxia signalling pathways and modulation of cellular energy metabolism.
Collapse
|
19
|
Yang J, Zhou J, Wang X, Ji L, Wang S, Chen X, Yang L. Erythropoietin Attenuates Experimental Contrast-Induced Nephrology: A Role for the Janus Kinase 2/Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 3 Signaling Pathway. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:634882. [PMID: 33928100 PMCID: PMC8076515 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.634882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of erythropoietin (EPO) on contrast-induced nephrology (CIN) in vivo and in vitro. Male C57BL/6J mice were divided into four groups: control, CIN (iohexol 6.0 g/kg), EPO (3,000 IU/kg), and CIN+EPO. Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining and biochemical index analyses were performed to evaluate renal injury. The cellular proliferation rate was detected using the Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay. In addition, a terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay and flow cytometric assay were used to assess the apoptosis of tissue and cells, respectively. Renal protein expression associated with apoptosis, pyroptosis, and signaling pathways was determined by Western blot (WB) assays for tissues and cells. The results showed that EPO significantly decreased serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, and cystatin C levels and alleviated renal histological changes in vivo. The protein levels of Janus kinase 2/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (JAK2/STAT3) signaling pathway components were overexpressed in the EPO treatment group. Furthermore, EPO suppressed the cell apoptosis and pyroptosis; decreased the protein levels of cleaved caspase-3, Bax, gasdermin D (GSDMD), and caspase-1; and enhanced the expression of Bcl-2. In summary, EPO could exert renoprotective effect by activating the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway, which may be a novel potential therapy for the treatment of CIN in the clinic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jia Yang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiaojiao Zhou
- Division of Ultrasound, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ling Ji
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Siwen Wang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xuelian Chen
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lichuan Yang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Cytoprotective effects of erythropoietin: What about the lung? Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 139:111547. [PMID: 33831836 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Erythropoietin (Epo) is a pleiotropic cytokine, essential for erythropoiesis. Epo and its receptor (Epo-R) are produced by several tissues and it is now admitted that Epo displays other physiological functions than red blood cell synthesis. Indeed, Epo provides cytoprotective effects, which consist in prevention or fight against pathological processes. This perspective article reviews the various protective effects of Epo in several organs and tries to give a proof of concept about its effects in the lung. The tissue-protective effects of Epo could be a promising approach to limit the symptoms of acute and chronic lung diseases.
Collapse
|
21
|
Cai A, Chatziantoniou C, Calmont A. Vascular Permeability: Regulation Pathways and Role in Kidney Diseases. Nephron Clin Pract 2021; 145:297-310. [PMID: 33744890 DOI: 10.1159/000514314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vascular permeability (VP) is a fundamental aspect of vascular biology. A growing number of studies have revealed that many signalling pathways govern VP in both physiological and pathophysiological conditions. Furthermore, emerging evidence identifies VP alteration as a pivotal pathogenic factor in acute kidney injury, chronic kidney disease, diabetic kidney disease, and other proteinuric diseases. Therefore, perceiving the connections between these pathways and the aetiology of kidney disease is an important task as such knowledge may trigger the development of novel therapeutic or preventive medical approaches. In this regard, the discussion summarizing VP-regulating pathways and associating them with kidney diseases is highly warranted. SUMMARY Major pathways of VP regulation comprise angiogenic factors including vascular endothelial growth factor/VEGFR, angiopoietin/Tie, and class 3 semaphorin/neuropilin and inflammatory factors including histamine, platelet-activating factor, and leukocyte extravasation. These pathways mainly act on vascular endothelial cadherin to modulate adherens junctions of endothelial cells (ECs), thereby augmenting VP via the paracellular pathway. Elevated VP in diverse kidney diseases involves EC apoptosis, imbalanced regulatory factors, and many other pathophysiological events, which in turn exacerbates renal structural and functional disorders. Measures improving VP effectively ameliorate the diseased kidney in terms of tissue injury, endothelial dysfunction, kidney function, and long-term prognosis. Key Messages: (1) Angiogenic factors, inflammatory factors, and adhesion molecules represent major pathways that regulate VP. (2) Vascular hyperpermeability links various pathophysiological processes and plays detrimental roles in multiple kidney diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anxiang Cai
- Unité mixte Inserm - Sorbonne Université, UMR_S1155, Tenon Hospital, Paris, France,
| | | | - Amélie Calmont
- Unité mixte Inserm - Sorbonne Université, UMR_S1155, Tenon Hospital, Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
TAKAHASHI Y, WATANABE M, HIURA K, ISOBE A, SASAKI H, SASAKI N. Positive correlation between renal tubular flattening and renal tubular injury/interstitial fibrosis in murine kidney disease models. J Vet Med Sci 2021; 83:397-402. [PMID: 33431722 PMCID: PMC8025427 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.20-0692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The number of patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) is growing continuously globally. In order to study pathogenesis and mechanisms, many animal models have been developed, including spontaneous, genetic, and induced models. Although each type of CKD shows disease-specific tissue changes in the early stages, tubular disorder and interstitial fibrosis histologically occur in the course of progression to end-stage renal failure. Therefore, the quantification of tubular disorder and interstitial fibrosis in CKD research using animal models is essential for measuring the degree of CKD severity and, thus, efficacy of therapeutic agents. Several strategies have been used to quantify interstitial fibrosis. Among scoring factors, renal tubular flattening can be quantitatively evaluated easily and inexpensively. However, the diagnostic value of renal tubular flattening evaluation has not been investigated previously. Therefore, in this study, we investigated the correlation between renal tubular flattening and interstitial fibrosis or renal tubular injury markers. We observed a strong correlation between the degree of tubular injury/interstitial fibrosis and renal tubular flattening in three types of mouse renal disease model. This is advantageous because rapidly advancing technologies such as artificial intelligence and image processing can be easily applied; hence, a more precise, objective, and quantitative diagnosis should be possible in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuki TAKAHASHI
- Laboratory of Laboratory Animal Science and Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University, Towada, Aomori 034-8628, Japan
| | - Masaki WATANABE
- Laboratory of Laboratory Animal Science and Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University, Towada, Aomori 034-8628, Japan
| | - Koki HIURA
- Laboratory of Laboratory Animal Science and Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University, Towada, Aomori 034-8628, Japan
| | - Ai ISOBE
- Laboratory of Laboratory Animal Science and Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University, Towada, Aomori 034-8628, Japan
| | - Hayato SASAKI
- Laboratory of Laboratory Animal Science and Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University, Towada, Aomori 034-8628, Japan
| | - Nobuya SASAKI
- Laboratory of Laboratory Animal Science and Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University, Towada, Aomori 034-8628, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Pecoraro AR, Hosfield BD, Li H, Shelley WC, Markel TA. Angiogenesis: A Cellular Response to Traumatic Injury. Shock 2021; 55:301-310. [PMID: 32826807 DOI: 10.1097/shk.0000000000001643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT The development of new vasculature plays a significant role in a number of chronic disease states, including neoplasm growth, peripheral arterial disease, and coronary artery disease, among many others. Traumatic injury and hemorrhage, however, is an immediate, often dramatic pathophysiologic insult that can also necessitate neovascularization to promote healing. Traditional understanding of angiogenesis involved resident endothelial cells branching outward from localized niches in the periphery. Additionally, there are a small number of circulating endothelial progenitor cells that participate directly in the process of neovessel formation. The bone marrow stores a relatively small number of so-called pro-angiogenic hematopoietic progenitor cells-that is, progenitor cells of a hematopoietic potential that differentiate into key structural cells and stimulate or otherwise support local cell growth/differentiation at the site of angiogenesis. Following injury, a number of cytokines and intercellular processes are activated or modulated to promote development of new vasculature. These processes initiate and maintain a robust response to vascular insult, allowing new vessels to canalize and anastomose and provide timely oxygen delivering to healing tissue. Ultimately as we better understand the key players in the process of angiogenesis we can look to develop novel techniques to promote healing following injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anthony R Pecoraro
- Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Hazelhoff MH, Torres AM. Effect of erythropoietin on mercury-induced nephrotoxicity: Role of membrane transporters. Hum Exp Toxicol 2021; 40:515-525. [PMID: 32909846 DOI: 10.1177/0960327120958109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Mercury is a widespread pollutant. Mercuric ions uptake into tubular cells is supported by the Organic anion transporter 1 (Oat1) and 3 (Oat3) and its elimination into urine is through the Multidrug resistance-associated protein 2 (Mrp2). We investigated the effect of recombinant human erythropoietin (Epo) on renal function and on renal expression of Oat1, Oat3, and Mrp2 in a model of mercuric chloride (HgCl2)-induced renal damage. Four experimental groups of adult male Wistar rats were used: Control, Epo, HgCl2, and Epo + HgCl2. Epo (3000 IU/kg, b.w., i.p.) was administered 24 h before HgCl2 (4 mg/kg, b.w., i.p.). Experiments were performed 18 h after the HgCl2 dose. Parameters of renal function and structure were evaluated. The protein expression of Oat1, Oat3 and Mrp2 in renal tissue was assessed by immunoblotting techniques. Mercury levels were determined by cold vapor atomic absorption spectrometry. Pretreatment with Epo ameliorated the HgCl2-induced tubular injury as assessed by histopathology and urinary biomarkers. Immunoblotting showed that pretreatment with Epo regulated the renal expression of mercury transporters in a way to decrease mercury content in the kidney. Epo pretreatment ameliorates HgCl2-induced renal tubular injury by modulation of mercury transporters expression in the kidneys.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M H Hazelhoff
- Área Farmacología, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, 63029Universidad Nacional de Rosario, CONICET, Rosario, Argentina
| | - A M Torres
- Área Farmacología, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, 63029Universidad Nacional de Rosario, CONICET, Rosario, Argentina
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Accinelli RA, Leon-Abarca JA. At High Altitude COVID-19 Is Less Frequent: The Experience of Peru. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arbr.2020.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
|
26
|
Noguchi CT. Erythropoietin regulates metabolic response in mice via receptor expression in adipose tissue, brain, and bone. Exp Hematol 2020; 92:32-42. [PMID: 32950599 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2020.09.190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Erythropoietin (EPO) acts by binding to erythroid progenitor cells to regulate red blood cell production. While EPO receptor (Epor) expression is highest on erythroid tissue, animal models exhibit EPO activity in nonhematopoietic tissues, mediated, in part, by tissue-specific Epor expression. This review describes the metabolic response in mice to endogenous EPO and EPO treatment associated with glucose metabolism, fat mass accumulation, and inflammation in white adipose tissue and brain during diet-induced obesity and with bone marrow fat and bone remodeling. During high-fat diet-induced obesity, EPO treatment improves glucose tolerance, decreases fat mass accumulation, and shifts white adipose tissue from a pro-inflammatory to an anti-inflammatory state. Fat mass regulation by EPO is sex dimorphic, apparent in males and abrogated by estrogen in females. Cerebral EPO also regulates fat mass and hypothalamus inflammation associated with diet-induced obesity in males and ovariectomized female mice. In bone, EPO contributes to the balance between adipogenesis and osteogenesis in both male and female mice. EPO treatment promotes bone loss mediated via Epor in osteoblasts and reduces bone marrow adipocytes before and independent of change in white adipose tissue fat mass. EPO regulation of bone loss and fat mass is independent of EPO-stimulated erythropoiesis. EPO nonhematopoietic tissue response may relate to the long-term consequences of EPO treatment of anemia in chronic kidney disease and to the alternative treatment of oral hypoxia-inducible factor prolyl hydroxylase inhibitors that increase endogenous EPO production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Constance Tom Noguchi
- Molecular Medicine Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Accinelli RA, Leon-Abarca JA. At High Altitude COVID-19 Is Less Frequent: The Experience of Peru. Arch Bronconeumol 2020; 56:760-761. [PMID: 32782091 PMCID: PMC7365056 DOI: 10.1016/j.arbres.2020.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Alfonso Accinelli
- Instituto de Investigaciones de la Altura, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Perú; Hospital Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Perú.
| | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Erythropoietin Ameliorates Ischemia/Reperfusion-Induced Acute Kidney Injury via Inflammasome Suppression in Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21103453. [PMID: 32414157 PMCID: PMC7278975 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21103453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is the most common condition in hospitalized patients. As ischemia/reperfusion-induced AKI (IR-AKI) is as a major contributor to end-stage disease, an effective therapeutic intervention for IR-AKI is imperative. Erythropoietin (EPO) is a potent stimulator of erythroid progenitor cells and is significantly upregulated during hypoxia. Here, we investigated the renoprotective effects of EPO in an IR-AKI mouse model. Mice were assigned to sham, EPO only, and IR only groups, and the IR group was treated with EPO prior to injury. EPO was administered twice at 30 min prior to bilateral renal artery occlusion, and 5 min before reperfusion, with all mice sacrificed 24 h after IR-AKI. The serum was harvested for renal functional measurements. The kidneys were subjected to histological evaluation, and the biochemical changes associated with renal injury were assessed. EPO significantly attenuated the renal dysfunction associated with IR-AKI, as well as tissue injury. Apoptotic cell death and oxidative stress were significantly reduced in EPO-treated mice. Macrophage infiltration and expression of ICAM-1 and MCP-1 were also significantly reduced in EPO-treated mice. Furthermore, the expression of inflammasome-related factors (NLRP1, NLRP3, and caspase-1 cleavage), via the activation of the COX-2 and NF-B signaling pathways were significantly reduced following EPO treatment. To our knowledge, this is the first study to demonstrate that inflammasome-mediated inflammation might be a potential target of EPO as a treatment for ischemic AKI.
Collapse
|
29
|
Hadadi A, Mortezazadeh M, Kolahdouzan K, Alavian G. Does recombinant human erythropoietin administration in critically ill COVID-19 patients have miraculous therapeutic effects? J Med Virol 2020; 92:915-918. [PMID: 32270515 PMCID: PMC7262240 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.25839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Revised: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
An 80‐year‐old man with multiple comorbidities presented to the emergency department with tachypnea, tachycardia, fever, and critically low O2 saturation and definitive chest computerized tomography scan findings in favor of COVID‐19 and positive PCR results in 48 hours. He received antiviral treatment plus recombinant human erythropoietin (rhEPO) due to his severe anemia. After 7 days of treatment, he was discharged with miraculous improvement in his symptoms and hemoglobin level. We concluded that rhEPO could attenuate respiratory distress syndrome and confront the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 virus through multiple mechanisms including cytokine modulation, antiapoptotic effects, leukocyte release from bone marrow, and iron redistribution away from the intracellular virus. Recombinant human erythropoietin can rapidly correct anemia and symptoms associated with COVID‐19 Through cytokine modulation, rhEPO exerts its cytoprotective and anti‐apoptotic effects in COVID pneumonia. rhEPO takes iron away from intracellular virus into the bone marrow, undermining the viral enzymatic requirements.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Azar Hadadi
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Sina Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoud Mortezazadeh
- Internal Medicine Department, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kasra Kolahdouzan
- Radiation Oncology Department, Cancer Institute, Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Golbarg Alavian
- Pharmacotherapy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Qu Y, Sun Q, Song X, Jiang Y, Dong H, Zhao W, Li C. Helix B surface peptide reduces sepsis‐induced kidney injury via PI3K/Akt pathway. Nephrology (Carlton) 2020; 25:527-534. [PMID: 31778269 DOI: 10.1111/nep.13683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Revised: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 11/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Qu
- School of Basic MedicineQingdao University Qingdao China
| | - Qiang Sun
- Intensive Care UnitThe Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University Qingdao China
| | - Xiaoxia Song
- Intensive Care UnitThe Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University Qingdao China
| | - Yan Jiang
- Intensive Care UnitThe Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University Qingdao China
| | - Hai Dong
- Intensive Care UnitThe Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University Qingdao China
| | - Wanjun Zhao
- Intensive Care UnitThe Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University Qingdao China
| | - Cuiping Li
- Intensive Care UnitThe Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University Qingdao China
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Cheng S, Wu T, Li Y, Huang J, Cai T. Romidepsin (FK228) in a Mouse Model of Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Acute Kidney Injury is Associated with Down-Regulation of the CYP2E1 Gene. Med Sci Monit 2020; 26:e918528. [PMID: 31954012 PMCID: PMC6986234 DOI: 10.12659/msm.918528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Romidepsin (FK228) or depsipeptide, is a selective inhibitor of histone deacetylase 1 (HDAC1) and HDAC2. This study aimed to investigate the effects and molecular mechanisms of romidepsin (FK228) in a mouse model of acute kidney injury (AKI) induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Material/Methods The mouse model of AKI was developed by intraperitoneal injection of LPS. The mice were also treated intraperitoneally with romidepsin (FK228) six hours following injection of LPS. Markers of renal injury were measured, including blood urea nitrogen (BUN), serum creatinine (SCR), and serum cystatin C (Cys C) were measured. Histology and transmission electron microscopy were performed to evaluate tissue injury further. Levels of HDACs were detected by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and Western blot. Co-immunoprecipitation (Co-IP) and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assays were used to investigate the regulation of CYP2E1 expression. Results Treatment with romidepsin (FK228) significantly reduced the levels of BUN, SCR, and Cys C induced by LPS. Histology of the mouse kidneys showed that treatment with romidepsin (FK228) reduced the degree of renal injury. CYP2E1 significantly reduced following treatment with romidepsin (FK228) in the mouse model of AKI. Also, acetylation of H3 was upregulated following treatment with romidepsin (FK228), and binding of hepatocyte nuclear factor-1 alpha (HNF-1α) on the CYP2E1 promoter was significantly increased. Conclusions In a mouse model of LPS-induced AKI, treatment with romidepsin (FK228) downregulated the expression of CYP2E1 by inhibiting the binding if HNF-1α with the CYP2E1 promoter to reduce renal injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shulin Cheng
- Department of Urological Surgery, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan, China (mainland)
| | - Tao Wu
- Department of Urological Surgery, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan, China (mainland)
| | - Yugen Li
- Department of Urological Surgery, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan, China (mainland)
| | - Jing Huang
- Department of Urological Surgery, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan, China (mainland)
| | - Tao Cai
- Department of Urological Surgery, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan, China (mainland)
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Yao W, Guo A, Han X, Wu S, Chen C, Luo C, Li H, Li S, Hei Z. Aerosol inhalation of a hydrogen-rich solution restored septic renal function. Aging (Albany NY) 2019; 11:12097-12113. [PMID: 31841441 PMCID: PMC6949055 DOI: 10.18632/aging.102542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Sepsis-related acute kidney injury (AKI) is known to be caused by inflammation. We explored the renal protective effects of aerosol inhalation of a hydrogen-rich solution (HRS; hydrogen gas dissolved to saturation in saline) in a mouse model of septic AKI. Septic AKI was induced through 18 hours of cecal ligation and puncture. AKI occurred during the early stage of sepsis, as evidenced by increased blood urea nitrogen and serum creatinine levels, pathological changes, renal fibrosis and renal tubular epithelial cell apoptosis, accompanied by macrophage infiltration and M1 macrophage-associated pro-inflammatory cytokine (Il-6 and Tnf-α) generation in renal tissues. Aerosol inhalation of the HRS increased anti-inflammatory cytokine (Il-4 and Il-13) mRNA levels in renal tissues and promoted macrophage polarization to the M2 type, which generated additional anti-inflammatory cytokines (Il-10 and Tgf-β). Ultimately, aerosol inhalation of HRS protected the kidneys and increased survival among septic mice. HRS was confirmed to promote M2 macrophage polarization in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. The TGF-β1 receptor inhibitor SB-431542 partly reversed the effects of HRS on renal function, fibrosis, tubular epithelial cell apoptosis and senescence in mice. Thus, HRS aerosol inhalation appears highly useful for renal protection and inflammation reduction in septic AKI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weifeng Yao
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Anshun Guo
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510630, China.,Department of Anesthesiology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519000, China
| | - Xue Han
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510000, China
| | - Shan Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Chaojin Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Chenfang Luo
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Haobo Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524023, China
| | - Shangrong Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Ziqing Hei
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Gong Q, He L, Wang M, Zuo S, Gao H, Feng Y, Du L, Luo Y, Li J. Comparison of the TLR4/NFκB and NLRP3 signalling pathways in major organs of the mouse after intravenous injection of lipopolysaccharide. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2019; 57:555-563. [PMID: 31446815 PMCID: PMC6720225 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2019.1653326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Context: Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is often used to induce immunoinflammatory reactions. TLR4/NFκB and NLRP3 signalling are major factors for inflammation. Dexamethasone (DXM) has an anti-immunoinflammatory effect. Objective: To investigate the inflammatory reaction in pathological changes of organs and the expression of inflammatory signalling during LPS infection. Materials and methods: ICR mice were divided into control group (n = 9), LPS group (n = 15) and LPS + DXM group (n = 14). LPS (10 mg/kg) was injected intravenously in LPS group and LPS + DXM group, normal saline was injected to the control group; DXM (0.5 mg/kg) was given by intragastric administration. 12 h after LPS, the blood was collected and the organs were isolated for biochemical analysis, protein expression, and morphological examination. Results: The results showed that BUN, Cre, ALT, AST in the LPS group increased distinctly by 81.42, 67.84, 40.53 and 36.05%, respectively, and CK, ALP, TP and ALB decreased by 71.37, 60.6, 12.57 and 19.73%, respectively, compared with the control group. In the morphologic observation, local necrosis in the liver, arterial vasodilation in the heart and kidney, alveolar secretions and pulmonary interstitial in the lungs, and mucosal shedding in the small and large intestines, the expression of TLR4-NFκB signalling were up-regulated distinctly whereas NLRP3 signalling was less broadly affected. DXM can decrease BUN and Cre, downregulate the expression of TLR4-NFκB signalling, but has no effect on the organ damage based on morphology. Conclusion: Acute injuries induced by LPS are extensive. The inflammatory damage in small and large intestines, liver and kidney was more severe than other organs. TLR4-NFκB signalling was the major response to LPS stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qin Gong
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
- State Key Laboratory of Innovative Drugs and Efficient Energy-saving Pharmaceutical Equipment, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Luling He
- State Key Laboratory of Innovative Drugs and Efficient Energy-saving Pharmaceutical Equipment, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Mulan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Innovative Drugs and Efficient Energy-saving Pharmaceutical Equipment, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Shasha Zuo
- State Key Laboratory of Innovative Drugs and Efficient Energy-saving Pharmaceutical Equipment, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Hongwei Gao
- College of Pharmacy, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
| | - Yulin Feng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
- State Key Laboratory of Innovative Drugs and Efficient Energy-saving Pharmaceutical Equipment, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Lijun Du
- State Key Laboratory of Innovative Drugs and Efficient Energy-saving Pharmaceutical Equipment, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
- College of Pharmacy, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Yingying Luo
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
- State Key Laboratory of Innovative Drugs and Efficient Energy-saving Pharmaceutical Equipment, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
- Yingying Luo School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 56, Yangming Road, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Jun Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
- State Key Laboratory of Innovative Drugs and Efficient Energy-saving Pharmaceutical Equipment, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
- CONTACT Jun Li
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Sun R, Huang J, Sun B. Mobilization of endothelial progenitor cells in sepsis. Inflamm Res 2019; 69:1-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s00011-019-01299-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Revised: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
|
35
|
Ethanol Extract of Illicium henryi Attenuates LPS-Induced Acute Kidney Injury in Mice via Regulating Inflammation and Oxidative Stress. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11061412. [PMID: 31234591 PMCID: PMC6627762 DOI: 10.3390/nu11061412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Revised: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The root bark of Illicium henryi has been used in traditional Chinese medicine to treat various diseases. Its ethanol extract (EEIH) was found to contain a large number of phenols and possess in vitro antioxidant activities. The present study aimed to investigate its protective effect against lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced acute kidney injury (AKI) in mice. BALB/c mice were intraperitoneally pretreated with EEIH for five days, and then LPS injection was applied to induce AKI. Blood samples and kidney tissues were collected and used for histopathology, biochemical assay, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), and Western blot analyses. EEIH not only significantly dose-dependently attenuated histological damage and reduced renal myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity (from 9.77 ± 0.73 to 0.84 ± 0.30 U/g tissue) but also decreased serum creatinine (from 55.60 ± 2.70 to 27.20 ± 2.39 µmol/L) and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) (from 29.95 ± 1.96 to 16.12 ± 1.24 mmol/L) levels in LPS-treated mice. EEIH also markedly dose-dependently inhibited mRNA expression and production of TNF-α (from 140.40 ± 5.15 to 84.74 ± 5.65 pg/mg), IL-1β (from 135.54 ± 8.20 to 77.15 ± 5.34 pg/mg), IL-6 (from 168.74 ± 7.23 to 119.16 ± 9.35 pg/mg), and COX-2 in renal tissue of LPS-treated mice via downregulating mRNA and protein expressions of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and phosphorylation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) p65. Moreover, EEIH significantly dose-dependently reduced malondialdehyde (MDA) (from 5.43 ± 0.43 to 2.80 ± 0.25 nmol/mg prot) and NO (from 1.01 ± 0.05 to 0.24 ± 0.05 µmol/g prot) levels and increased superoxide dismutase (SOD) (from 22.32 ± 2.92 to 47.59 ± 3.79 U/mg prot) and glutathione (GSH) (from 6.57 ± 0.53 to 16.89 ± 0.68 µmol/g prot) levels in renal tissue induced by LPS through upregulating mRNA expression of nuclear factor erythroid 2 related factor 2 (Nrf2). Furthermore, EEIH inhibited LPS-induced intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) production from RAW264.7 cells in a concentration-dependent manner. These results suggest that EEIH has protective effects against AKI in mice through regulating inflammation and oxidative stress.
Collapse
|
36
|
Hypoxia and Hypoxia-Inducible Factors in Kidney Injury and Repair. Cells 2019; 8:cells8030207. [PMID: 30823476 PMCID: PMC6468851 DOI: 10.3390/cells8030207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2019] [Revised: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a major kidney disease characterized by an abrupt loss of renal function. Accumulating evidence indicates that incomplete or maladaptive repair after AKI can result in kidney fibrosis and the development and progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Hypoxia, a condition of insufficient supply of oxygen to cells and tissues, occurs in both acute and chronic kidney diseases under a variety of clinical and experimental conditions. Hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) are the "master" transcription factors responsible for gene expression in hypoxia. Recent researches demonstrate that HIFs play an important role in kidney injury and repair by regulating HIF target genes, including microRNAs. However, there are controversies regarding the pathological roles of HIFs in kidney injury and repair. In this review, we describe the regulation, expression, and functions of HIFs, and their target genes and related functions. We also discuss the involvement of HIFs in AKI and kidney repair, presenting HIFs as effective therapeutic targets.
Collapse
|