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Lopes FB, Sarandy MM, Novaes RD, Valacchi G, Gonçalves RV. OxInflammatory Responses in the Wound Healing Process: A Systematic Review. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:823. [PMID: 39061892 PMCID: PMC11274091 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13070823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2024] [Revised: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Significant sums are spent every year to find effective treatments to control inflammation and speed up the repair of damaged skin. This study investigated the main mechanisms involved in the skin wound cure. Consequently, it offered guidance to develop new therapies to control OxInflammation and infection and decrease functional loss and cost issues. This systematic review was conducted using the PRISMA guidelines, with a structured search in the MEDLINE (PubMed), Scopus, and Web of Science databases, analyzing 23 original studies. Bias analysis and study quality were assessed using the SYRCLE tool (Prospero number is CRD262 936). Our results highlight the activation of membrane receptors (IFN-δ, TNF-α, toll-like) in phagocytes, especially macrophages, during early wound healing. The STAT1, IP3, and NF-kβ pathways are positively regulated, while Ca2+ mobilization correlates with ROS production and NLRP3 inflammasome activation. This pathway activation leads to the proteolytic cleavage of caspase-1, releasing IL-1β and IL-18, which are responsible for immune modulation and vasodilation. Mediators such as IL-1, iNOS, TNF-α, and TGF-β are released, influencing pro- and anti-inflammatory cascades, increasing ROS levels, and inducing the oxidation of lipids, proteins, and DNA. During healing, the respiratory burst depletes antioxidant defenses (SOD, CAT, GST), creating a pro-oxidative environment. The IFN-δ pathway, ROS production, and inflammatory markers establish a positive feedback loop, recruiting more polymorphonuclear cells and reinforcing the positive interaction between oxidative stress and inflammation. This process is crucial because, in the immune system, the vicious positive cycle between ROS, the oxidative environment, and, above all, the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome inappropriately triggers hypoxia, increases ROS levels, activates pro-inflammatory cytokines and inhibits the antioxidant action and resolution of anti-inflammatory cytokines, contributing to the evolution of chronic inflammation and tissue damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Barbosa Lopes
- Department of General Biology, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa 36570-900, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Mariáurea Matias Sarandy
- Department of General Biology, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa 36570-900, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Plants for Human Health Institute, Animal Science Department, North Carolina State University, North Carolina Research Campus, Kannapolis, NC 28081, USA
| | - Rômulo Dias Novaes
- Department of Structural Biology, Federal University of Alfenas, Alfenas 37130-001, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Department of Animal Biology, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa 36570-900, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Giuseppe Valacchi
- Plants for Human Health Institute, Animal Science Department, North Carolina State University, North Carolina Research Campus, Kannapolis, NC 28081, USA
- Department of Environmental and Prevention Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Reggiani Vilela Gonçalves
- Department of General Biology, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa 36570-900, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Plants for Human Health Institute, Animal Science Department, North Carolina State University, North Carolina Research Campus, Kannapolis, NC 28081, USA
- Department of Animal Biology, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa 36570-900, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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Bhat P, Patil VS, Anand A, Bijjaragi S, Hegde GR, Hegde HV, Roy S. Ethyl gallate isolated from phenol-enriched fraction of Caesalpinia mimosoides Lam. Promotes cutaneous wound healing: a scientific validation through bioassay-guided fractionation. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1214220. [PMID: 37397484 PMCID: PMC10311562 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1214220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The tender shoots of Caesalpinia mimosoides Lam. are used ethnomedically by the traditional healers of Uttara Kannada district, Karnataka (India) for the treatment of wounds. The current study was aimed at exploring phenol-enriched fraction (PEF) of crude ethanol extract of tender shoots to isolate and characterize the most active bio-constituent through bioassay-guided fractionation procedure. The successive fractionation and sub-fractionation of PEF, followed by in vitro scratch wound, antimicrobial, and antioxidant activities, yielded a highly active natural antioxidant compound ethyl gallate (EG). In vitro wound healing potentiality of EG was evidenced by a significantly higher percentage of cell migration in L929 fibroblast cells (97.98 ± 0.46% at 3.81 μg/ml concentration) compared to a positive control group (98.44 ± 0.36%) at the 48th hour of incubation. A significantly higher rate of wound contraction (98.72 ± 0.41%), an elevated tensile strength of the incised wound (1,154.60 ± 1.42 g/mm2), and increased quantity of connective tissue elements were observed in the granulation tissues of the 1% EG ointment treated animal group on the 15th post-wounding day. The accelerated wound healing activity of 1% EG was also exhibited by histopathological examinations through Hematoxylin and Eosin, Masson's trichome, and Toluidine blue-stained sections. Significant up-regulation of enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant contents (reduced glutathione, superoxide dismutase, and catalase) and down-regulation of oxidative stress marker (lipid peroxidation) clearly indicates the effective granular antioxidant activity of 1% EG in preventing oxidative damage to the skin tissues. Further, in vitro antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of EG supports the positive correlation with its enhanced wound-healing activity. Moreover, molecular docking and dynamics for 100 ns revealed the stable binding of EG with cyclooxygenase-2 (-6.2 kcal/mol) and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (-4.6 kcal/mol) and unstable binding with tumor necrosis factor-α (-7.2 kcal/mol), suggesting the potential applicability of EG in inflammation and wound treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pradeep Bhat
- Indian Council of Medical Research-National Institute of Traditional Medicine, Belagavi, India
- Post Graduate Department of Studies in Botany, Karnatak University, Dharwad, India
| | - Vishal S. Patil
- Indian Council of Medical Research-National Institute of Traditional Medicine, Belagavi, India
| | - Ashish Anand
- Solid State and Structural Chemistry Unit, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, India
| | - Subhas Bijjaragi
- KLE’s SCP Arts, Science and D. D. Shirol Commerce College, Bagalkot, India
| | - Ganesh R. Hegde
- Post Graduate Department of Studies in Botany, Karnatak University, Dharwad, India
| | - Harsha V. Hegde
- Indian Council of Medical Research-National Institute of Traditional Medicine, Belagavi, India
| | - Subarna Roy
- Indian Council of Medical Research-National Institute of Traditional Medicine, Belagavi, India
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3
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Kim M, Jang H, Park JH. Balloon Flower Root-Derived Extracellular Vesicles: In Vitro Assessment of Anti-Inflammatory, Proliferative, and Antioxidant Effects for Chronic Wound Healing. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1146. [PMID: 37371876 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12061146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 05/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) in wound lesions can lead to oxidative stress and failure of normal wound healing processes, eventually resulting in chronic skin wounds. A multitude of researchers have investigated various natural products with physiological activities, including antioxidant effects, for healing chronic skin wounds. Balloon flower root (BFR), which contains bioactive components such as platycodins, is known for its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. In this study, we isolated BFR-derived extracellular vesicles (BFR-EVs) that possess anti-inflammatory, proliferative, and antioxidant activities via a combination of polyethylene glycol-based precipitation and ultracentrifugation. Our objective was to investigate the potential of BFR-EVs in treating chronic wounds caused by ROS. Despite efficient intracellular delivery, BFR-EVs showed no significant cytotoxicity. In addition, BFR-EVs inhibited the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokine genes in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. Furthermore, water-soluble tetrazolium salt-8 assay showed that BFR-EVs had a proliferation-promoting effect on human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs). Scratch closure and transwell migration assays indicated that BFR-EVs could promote the migration of HDFs. When the antioxidant effect of BFR-EVs was evaluated through 2',7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate staining and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, the results revealed that BFR-EVs significantly suppressed ROS generation and oxidative stress induced by H2O2 and ultraviolet irradiation. Our findings suggest that BFR-EVs hold the potential as a natural candidate for healing chronic skin wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manho Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon-si 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyejun Jang
- Department of Biomedical Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon-si 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju Hyun Park
- Department of Biomedical Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon-si 24341, Republic of Korea
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Gao T, Zhao Y, Zhao Y, He Y, Huang Q, Yang J, Zhang L, Chen J. Curative Effect and Mechanisms of Radix Arnebiae Oil on Burn Wound Healing in Rats. PLANTA MEDICA 2023. [PMID: 36513369 DOI: 10.1055/a-1997-5566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Radix arnebiae oil (RAO) is a clinically useful traditional Chinese medical formula with outstanding curative effects on burns. However, the mechanism of the effect of RAO on wound healing remains unclear. The present study investigates the molecular mechanisms of the potential curative effect of RAO on wound healing. The concentrations of the main constituents, shikonin, imperatorin, and ferulic acid in RAO detected by HPLC were 24.57, 3.15, and 0.13 mg/mL, respectively. A rat burn model was established, and macroscopic and histopathological studies were performed. RAO significantly accelerated wound closure and repair scarring, increased superoxide dismutase activities, and reduced malondialdehyde. RAO also downregulated interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1β and tumor necrosis factor-α in wound tissues and increased secretion of vascular endothelial growth factor, epidermal growth factor, and transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1. RAO increased the gene expression of TGF-β1, type I and III collagen, and increased the protein expression of TGF-β1 and phosphorylation of PI3K and Akt. In conclusion, RAO likely promotes wound healing via antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities and increases re-epithelization. Activation of the TGF-β1/PI3K/Akt pathway may play an important role in the healing efficacy of RAO. These findings suggest that RAO could be a promising alternative local treatment for burn wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Gao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Preparation, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
- School of Basic Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Yu Zhao
- College of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Yuna Zhao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Preparation, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Yanping He
- Department of Pharmaceutical Preparation, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Qi Huang
- Department of Biochip Research Center, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Jianhong Yang
- College of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Liming Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Jing Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Preparation, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
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Umam N, Ahmad M, Kushwaha P. Design and fabrication of Sesamol-loaded transfersomal gel for wound healing: physicochemical characterization and in-vivo evaluation. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2023; 49:159-167. [PMID: 36931230 DOI: 10.1080/03639045.2023.2191726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In the present study, an attempt has been made to develop SL-loaded transfersomal gel for the effective treatment of delayed wound healing. SIGNIFICANCE The wound healing process consists of a complex series of biochemical events and changes in cellular activity that restore the integrity of the skin and the subcutaneous tissue. Sesamol (SL), which is a natural phenolic compound, is known for its antioxidant properties, anti-inflammatory properties, and wound-healing abilities. METHODS A thin-film hydration method was used to prepare SL-loaded transfersomes. Different formulations containing Tween-80 and Span-80 as edge activators were prepared and optimized. Various characteristics of vesicles were assessed, such as size, shape, loading efficiency, deformability, and in vitro skin penetration. The optimized formulation was then incorporated into 1% carbopol 940 gel. An in vivo wound healing potential of the selected formulation was assessed by an excision wound model. RESULTS The SL-loaded transfersomal gel displayed improved skin penetration and better skin deposition. Wound healing studies showed that the highest wound contraction was observed with SL-loaded transfersomes. Following 21 days of application of the transfersomal gel, a marked improvement in skin histological architecture was found. CONCLUSION The study findings suggest that transfersomal gel has great potential as a therapeutic option in wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nida Umam
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Integral University, Lucknow, India
| | - Mohammad Ahmad
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Integral University, Lucknow, India
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Yadav E, Singh D, Yadav P, Verma A. Expression of concern: Ameliorative effect of biofabricated ZnO nanoparticles of Trianthema portulacastrum Linn. on dermal wounds via removal of oxidative stress and inflammation. RSC Adv 2023; 13:4564. [PMID: 36760317 PMCID: PMC9896510 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra90011h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Expression of concern for 'Ameliorative effect of biofabricated ZnO nanoparticles of Trianthema portulacastrum Linn. on dermal wounds via removal of oxidative stress and inflammation' by Ekta Yadav et al., RSC Adv., 2018, 8, 21621-21635, https://doi.org/10.1039/C8RA03500H.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekta Yadav
- Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology & Sciences (SHUATS) Allahabad 211007 India
| | - Deepika Singh
- Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology & Sciences (SHUATS) Allahabad 211007 India
| | - Pankajkumar Yadav
- Pharmaceutics Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology & Sciences (SHUATS) Allahabad-211007 India
| | - Amita Verma
- Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology & Sciences (SHUATS) Allahabad 211007 India
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Green Synthesis of Highly Fluorescent Carbon Dots from Bovine Serum Albumin for Linezolid Drug Delivery as Potential Wound Healing Biomaterial: Bio-Synergistic Approach, Antibacterial Activity, and In Vitro and Ex Vivo Evaluation. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15010234. [PMID: 36678866 PMCID: PMC9862409 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15010234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
A simple and green approach was developed to produce novel highly fluorescent bovine serum albumin carbon dots (BCDs) via facile one-step hydrothermal treatment, using bovine serum albumin as a precursor carbon source. Inherent blue photoluminescence of the synthesized BCDs provided a maximum photostability of 90.5 ± 1.2% and was characterized via TEM, FT-IR, XPS, XRD, UV-visible, and zeta potential analyses. By virtue of their extremely small size, intrinsic optical and photoluminescence properties, superior photostability, and useful non-covalent interactions with the synthetic oxazolidinone antibiotic linezolid (LNZ), BCDs were investigated as fluorescent nano-biocarriers for LNZ drug delivery. The release profile of LNZ from the drug delivery system (LNZ-BCDs) revealed a distinct biphasic release, which is beneficial for mollifying the lethal incidents associated with wound infection. The effective wound healing performance of the developed LNZ-BCDs were evaluated through various in vitro and ex vivo assays such as MTT, ex vivo hemolysis, in vitro antibacterial activity, in vitro skin-related enzyme inhibition, and scratch wound healing assays. The examination of LNZ-BCDs as an efficient wound healing biomaterial illustrated excellent biocompatibility and low cytotoxicity against normal human skin fibroblast (HSF) cell line, indicating distinct antibacterial activity against the most common wound infectious pathogens including Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC® 25922) and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, robust anti-elastase, anti-collagenase, and anti-tyrosinase activities, and enhanced cell proliferation and migration effect. The obtained results confirmed the feasibility of using the newly designed fluorescent LNZ-BCDs nano-bioconjugate as a unique antibacterial biomaterial for effective wound healing and tissue regeneration. Besides, the greenly synthesized BCDs could be considered as a great potential substitute for toxic nanoparticles in biomedical applications due to their biocompatibility and intense fluorescence characteristics and in pharmaceutical industries as promising drug delivery nano-biocarriers for effective wound healing applications.
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8
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Bhat P, Upadhya V, Hegde GR, Hegde HV, Roy S. Attenuation of dermal wounds through topical application of ointment containing phenol enriched fraction of Caesalpinia mimosoides Lam. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1025848. [PMID: 36313327 PMCID: PMC9608657 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1025848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 03/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Caesalpinia mimosoides Lam. is one of the important medicinal plants used by the traditional healers of Uttara Kannada district, Karnataka (India) for treating wounds. In our previous study ethanol extract of the plant was evaluated for its wound healing activity. In continuation, the present study was aimed to evaluate the phenol enriched fraction (PEF) of ethanol extract for wound healing activity along with its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial properties. The potent wound healing activity of PEF was evidenced by observation of increased rate of cell migration in L929, 3T3L1 and L6 cells (92.59 ± 1.53%, 98.42 ± 0.82% and 96.63 ± 0.61% respectively) at 7.81 μg/ml doses in assays carried out in vitro. Significantly enhanced rate of wound contraction (97.92 ± 0.41%), tensile strength (973.67 ± 4.43 g/mm2), hydroxyproline (31.31 ± 0.64 mg/g) and hexosamine (8.30 ± 0.47 mg/g) contents were observed on 15th post wounding day in 5% PEF treated animals. The enzymatic and non-enzymatic cellular antioxidants (superoxide dismutase, catalase and reduced glutathione) were upregulated (15.89 ± 0.17 U/mg, 48.30 ± 4.60 U/mg and 4.04 ± 0.12 μg/g respectively) with the administration of 5% PEF. The significant antimicrobial, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities support the positive correlation of PEF with its enhanced wound healing activity. PEF contains expressive amounts of total phenolic and total flavonoid contents (578.28 ± 2.30 mg GAE/g and 270.76 ± 2.52 mg QE/g). Of the various chemicals displayed in RP-UFLC-DAD analysis of PEF, gallic acid (68.08 μg/mg) and ethyl gallate (255.91 μg/mg) were predominant. The results indicate that PEF has great potential for the topical management of open wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pradeep Bhat
- National Institute of Traditional Medicine, Indian Council of Medical Research, Belagavi, India
- Department of Studies in Botany, Karnatak University, Dharwad, India
| | - Vinayak Upadhya
- Department of Forest Products and Utilization, College of Forestry, University of Agricultural Sciences, Sirsi, India
| | - Ganesh R. Hegde
- Department of Studies in Botany, Karnatak University, Dharwad, India
| | - Harsha V. Hegde
- National Institute of Traditional Medicine, Indian Council of Medical Research, Belagavi, India
| | - Subarna Roy
- National Institute of Traditional Medicine, Indian Council of Medical Research, Belagavi, India
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Rambe PS, Putra IB, Yosi A. The effect of roselle leaf ( Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) extract gel on wound healing. J Med Life 2022; 15:1246-1251. [PMID: 36420282 PMCID: PMC9675303 DOI: 10.25122/jml-2021-0425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) belongs to the genus Hibiscus with proven anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antimicrobial properties. Scientific evidence associated roselle content with bioactive compounds, such as phenolic acids, flavonoids, and anthocyanin. Most studies focused on their petals, while research on leaf extract on wound healing has never been done. This study aimed to assess the effect of roselle leaf extract on wound healing in rats. This was an experimental laboratory study with a posttest-only control group design. There were 30 rats divided into 5 groups: negative control, 5%, 10%, and 15% roselle leaf extract, and positive control (bioplacenton). The parameters assessed in this research were wound size and histological assessment. The data were analyzed using ANOVA. P<0.05 was considered statistically significant. Wound healing percentage and epithelial thickness in the 15% group were the largest (84.17%; 64.69 µm). The lowest value was recorded in placebo (64%; 36.33 µm). Meanwhile, wound healing percentage and epithelial thickness of rats in the 5% and 10% groups were 68.53%, 43,57 µm, and 78.11%, 56.49 µm, respectively. Finally, positive control had a 77.44% wound healing percentage and 49.7 µm epithelial thickness. There were no significant differences in wound healing and epithelial thickness among the groups. Roselle leaf extract at 15% concentration showed greater wound healing properties based on clinical and histological assessment. Although there were no statistically significant differences, roselle leaf showed an opportunity to be further investigated as a potential wound healing therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Puspita Sari Rambe
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia
| | - Imam Budi Putra
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia
| | - Ariyati Yosi
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia
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Emerging Approach for the Application of Hibiscus sabdariffa Extract Ointment in the Superficial Burn Care. Sci Pharm 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/scipharm90030041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Wound healing comprises organized events involving tissue repair and regeneration. The discovery of toll-like receptors (TLRs) sheds recent light on the mechanisms involved in initiating inflammatory responses throughout the healing cascades. Hibiscus sabdariffa (HS) components may exhibit a wound healing action, owing to their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. This study was designed to investigate the early effects of HS loaded in an ointment base on wound healing, antioxidant, antimicrobial effects, burning intensity, and histopathological features on the rat burn model in comparison to the standard treatment, Iruxol® ointment. A burn injury model was used to evaluate the wound healing potency of the preparation. Rats were treated with ointments three times on the day of the induction of the burn. Findings revealed that the strong antioxidant properties of the HS-loaded ointment augmented the skin healing potential by stimulating biomarkers required for skin regeneration. HS repressed the burning-induced inflammation by the effective reduction in the levels of tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) and IL-6 through TLR4 protein inhibition. Topical HS downregulates transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) levels. HS extract possesses a potential bactericidal activity against highly resistant clinical isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Overall, this study proclaims that HS-loaded topical preparations could be a valuable product that serves as adjuvants to accelerate burn wound healing through inactivating the TLR4 pathway.
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Immortelle essential oil-based ointment improves wound healing in a diabetic rat model. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 150:112941. [PMID: 35429742 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.112941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The phytochemical analysis of the investigated Immortelle essential oil revealed the presence of monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes as major components that might be efficient as a wound healing potential agent. The present study aimed to develop an ointment based on the Immortelle essential oil and investigate its wound healing effects on excision wounds in diabetic rats. The topical formulated Immortelle ointment was subjected to pharmaco-technical characterization. Thirty-two diabetic rats with the induced excision wound were used to evaluate in vivo wound healing effects of ointment. The animals were randomly divided into four groups untreated or topically treated with either a 1% silver sulfadiazine, the ointment base, or Immortelle ointment. The response to the treatment was assessed by macroscopic, biochemical and histopathological analysis. The ointment, compatible with the skin remained stable for 6 months. Topical application of the Immortelle ointment showed the highest wound contraction with the highest content of hydroxyproline in comparison to the all examined groups. The Immortelle ointment showed significant wound contraction from day 7 to day 21 as compared to other groups. On the day 21, there was an average of 99.32% wound contraction in the Immortelle group, whereas the mean wound contraction in the negative control and ointment base group was 71.36% and 81.26% respectively. The histopathological results validated the potential wound healing effect of Immortelle ointment with evident post-excision scar maturation and increased collagen fibers density. Our findings revealed that the Immortelle ointment approach might serve as a promising and innovative tool for wound healing.
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12
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Topical gel containing phenolic-rich extract from Ipomoea pes-capre leaf (Convolvulaceae) has anti-inflammatory, wound healing, and antiophidic properties. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 149:112921. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.112921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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Elloumi W, Maalej A, Ortiz S, Michel S, Chamkha M, Boutefnouchet S, Sayadi S. Pistacia lentiscus L. Distilled Leaves as a Potential Cosmeceutical Ingredient: Phytochemical Characterization, Transdermal Diffusion, and Anti-Elastase and Anti-Tyrosinase Activities. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27030855. [PMID: 35164116 PMCID: PMC8838631 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27030855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The present work was performed to investigate the phenolic composition of P. lentiscus L. distilled leaves (PDL) and examine its potential against certain key enzymes related to skin aging. High-pressure liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS) and various separation procedures combined with nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and MS analysis were performed to isolate and identify compounds present in the ethyl acetate extract (EAE) of PDL. A high amount of flavonol glycoside was detected in EAE. Indeed, quercetin-3-O-rhamnoside (FC), myricetin-3-O-rhamnoside (FM2), and kaempferol-3-O-rhamnoside (FB2) were isolated from EAE, and are present in high quantities of 10.47 ± 0.26, 12.17 ± 0.74, and 4.53 ± 0.59 mg/g dry weight, respectively. A transdermal diffusion study was carried out to determine the EAE-molecules that may transmit the cutaneous barrier and showed that FM2 transmits the membrane barrier with a high amount followed by FC. EAE, FM2, and FC were tested against tyrosinase and elastase enzymes. Moreover, intracellular tyrosinase inhibition and cytotoxicity on skin melanoma cells (B16) were evaluated. The results indicated that EAE, FC, and FM2 have important inhibitory activities compared to the well-known standards, at non-cytotoxic concentrations. Therefore, they could be excellent agents for treating skin pigmentation and elasticity problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wiem Elloumi
- Laboratory of Environmental Bioprocesses, Center of Biotechnology of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax 3018, Tunisia; (W.E.); (A.M.); (M.C.)
| | - Amina Maalej
- Laboratory of Environmental Bioprocesses, Center of Biotechnology of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax 3018, Tunisia; (W.E.); (A.M.); (M.C.)
| | - Sergio Ortiz
- CiTCoM, CNRS 8038, PNAS Team (Natural Products, Analysis and Synthesis), Faculté de Santé, Université de Paris, 4, av. de l’Observatoire, 75006 Paris, France; (S.O.); (S.M.); (S.B.)
| | - Sylvie Michel
- CiTCoM, CNRS 8038, PNAS Team (Natural Products, Analysis and Synthesis), Faculté de Santé, Université de Paris, 4, av. de l’Observatoire, 75006 Paris, France; (S.O.); (S.M.); (S.B.)
| | - Mohamed Chamkha
- Laboratory of Environmental Bioprocesses, Center of Biotechnology of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax 3018, Tunisia; (W.E.); (A.M.); (M.C.)
| | - Sabrina Boutefnouchet
- CiTCoM, CNRS 8038, PNAS Team (Natural Products, Analysis and Synthesis), Faculté de Santé, Université de Paris, 4, av. de l’Observatoire, 75006 Paris, France; (S.O.); (S.M.); (S.B.)
| | - Sami Sayadi
- Biotechnology Program, Center for Sustainable Development, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar
- Correspondence: ; Tel.:+97-44-403-7560
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Sreeharsha N, Asif A, Mulla S, Shariff A, Meravanige G, Shiroorkar P, Basheeruddin Asdaq S, Anwer M, Roopashree T, Karnati R. Exploring the topical gel of Thespesia populnea leaf extract for in vivo wound healing efficacy. Pharmacogn Mag 2022. [DOI: 10.4103/pm.pm_25_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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15
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Yadav E, Yadav P, Verma A. Amelioration of full thickness dermal wounds by topical application of biofabricated zinc oxide and iron oxide nano-ointment in albino Wistar rats. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2021.102833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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16
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Oyarzún P, Gallardo-Toledo E, Morales J, Arriagada F. Transfersomes as alternative topical nanodosage forms for the treatment of skin disorders. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2021; 16:2465-2489. [PMID: 34706575 DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2021-0335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Topical drug delivery is a promising approach to treat different skin disorders. However, it remains a challenge mainly due to the nature and rigidity of the nanosystems, which limit deep skin penetration, and the unsuccessful demonstration of clinical benefits; greater penetration by itself, does not ensure pharmacological success. In this context, transfersomes have appeared as promising nanosystems; deformability, their unique characteristic, allows them to pass through the epidermal microenvironment, improving the skin drug delivery. This review focuses on the comparison of transfersomes with other nanosystems (e.g., liposomes), discusses recent therapeutic applications for the topical treatment of different skin disorders and highlights the need for further studies to demonstrate significant clinical benefits of transfersomes compared with conventional therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Oyarzún
- Instituto de Farmacia, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, 5090000, Chile
| | - Eduardo Gallardo-Toledo
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, 8380494, Chile
| | - Javier Morales
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, 8380494, Chile
| | - Francisco Arriagada
- Instituto de Farmacia, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, 5090000, Chile
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Saoudi M, Badraoui R, Chira A, Saeed M, Bouali N, Elkahoui S, Alam JM, Kallel C, El Feki A. The Role of Allium subhirsutum L. in the Attenuation of Dermal Wounds by Modulating Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in Wistar Albino Rats. Molecules 2021; 26:4875. [PMID: 34443463 PMCID: PMC8398921 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26164875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 08/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
In our study, Allium subhirsutum L. (AS) was investigated to assess its phenolic profile and bioactive molecules including flavonoids and organosulfur compounds. The antioxidant potential of AS and wound healing activity were addressed using skin wound healing and oxidative stress and inflammation marker estimation in rat models. Phytochemical and antiradical activities of AS extract (ASE) and oil (ASO) were studied. The rats were randomly assigned to four groups: group I served as a control and was treated with simple ointment base, group II was treated with ASE ointment, group III was treated with ASO ointment and group IV (reference group; Ref) was treated with a reference drug "Cytolcentella® cream". Phytochemical screening showed that total phenols (215 ± 3.5 mg GAE/g) and flavonoids (172.4 ± 3.1 mg QE/g) were higher in the ASO than the ASE group. The results of the antioxidant properties showed that ASO exhibited the highest DPPH free radical scavenging potential (IC50 = 0.136 ± 0.07 mg/mL), FRAP test (IC50 = 0.013 ± 0.006 mg/mL), ABTS test (IC50 = 0.52 ± 0.03 mg/mL) and total antioxidant capacity (IC50 = 0.34 ± 0.06 mg/mL). In the wound healing study, topical application of ASO performed the fastest wound-repairing process estimated by a chromatic study, percentage wound closure, fibrinogen level and oxidative damage status, as compared to ASE, the Cytolcentella reference drug and the untreated rats. The use of AS extract and oil were also associated with the attenuation of oxidative stress damage in the wound-healing treated rats. Overall, the results provided that AS, particularly ASO, has a potential medicinal value to act as effective skin wound healing agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mongi Saoudi
- Animal Ecophysiology Laboratory, Sciences Faculty of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax 3054, Tunisia; (A.C.); (A.E.F.)
| | - Riadh Badraoui
- Laboratory of General Biology, Department of Biology, University of Ha’il, Ha’il 81451, Saudi Arabia; (M.S.); (N.B.); (S.E.); (J.M.A.)
- Section of Histology and Cytology, Medicine Faculty of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, La Rabta, Tunis 1007, Tunisia
| | - Ahlem Chira
- Animal Ecophysiology Laboratory, Sciences Faculty of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax 3054, Tunisia; (A.C.); (A.E.F.)
| | - Mohd Saeed
- Laboratory of General Biology, Department of Biology, University of Ha’il, Ha’il 81451, Saudi Arabia; (M.S.); (N.B.); (S.E.); (J.M.A.)
| | - Nouha Bouali
- Laboratory of General Biology, Department of Biology, University of Ha’il, Ha’il 81451, Saudi Arabia; (M.S.); (N.B.); (S.E.); (J.M.A.)
| | - Salem Elkahoui
- Laboratory of General Biology, Department of Biology, University of Ha’il, Ha’il 81451, Saudi Arabia; (M.S.); (N.B.); (S.E.); (J.M.A.)
| | - Jahoor M. Alam
- Laboratory of General Biology, Department of Biology, University of Ha’il, Ha’il 81451, Saudi Arabia; (M.S.); (N.B.); (S.E.); (J.M.A.)
| | - Choumous Kallel
- Hematology Laboratory, Hospital Habib Bourguiba, Sfax 3029, Tunisia;
| | - Abdelfattah El Feki
- Animal Ecophysiology Laboratory, Sciences Faculty of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax 3054, Tunisia; (A.C.); (A.E.F.)
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Quesada I, de Paola M, Alvarez MS, Hapon MB, Gamarra-Luques C, Castro C. Antioxidant and Anti-atherogenic Properties of Prosopis strombulifera and Tessaria absinthioides Aqueous Extracts: Modulation of NADPH Oxidase-Derived Reactive Oxygen Species. Front Physiol 2021; 12:662833. [PMID: 34335290 PMCID: PMC8322988 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.662833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite popular usage of medicinal plants, their effects as cardiovascular protective agents have not been totally elucidated. We hypothesized that treatment with aqueous extract from Prosopis strombulifera (AEPs) and Tessaria absinthioides (AETa), Argentinian native plants, produces antioxidant effects on vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) and attenuates atherogenesis on apolipoprotein E-knockout (ApoE-KO) mice. In VSMCs, both extracts (5–40 μg/ml) inhibited 10% fetal calf serum-induced cell proliferation, arrested cell in G2/M phase, reduced angiotensin II-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, and decreased NADPH oxidase subunit expression. In ApoE-KO mice, extracts significantly reduced triglycerides and lipid peroxidation [plasma thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS)], increased plasma total antioxidant status (TAS), and improved glutathione peroxidase activity in the liver. Under high-fat diet (HFD), both extracts were able to inhibit O2– generation in the aortic tissue and caused a significant regression of atheroma plaques (21.4 ± 1.6% HFD group vs. 10.2 ± 1.2%∗ AEPs group and 14.3 ± 1.0%∗ AETa group; ∗p < 0.01). Consumption of AEPs and AETa produces antioxidant/antimitogenic/anti-atherosclerotic effects, and their use may be beneficial as a complementary strategy regarding cardiovascular disease therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Quesada
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Instituto de Medicina y Biología Experimental de Cuyo (IMBECU), Mendoza, Argentina.,Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Instituto de Bioquímica y Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Mendoza, Argentina
| | - Matilde de Paola
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Instituto de Medicina y Biología Experimental de Cuyo (IMBECU), Mendoza, Argentina.,Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Instituto de Bioquímica y Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Mendoza, Argentina
| | - María Soledad Alvarez
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Instituto de Medicina y Biología Experimental de Cuyo (IMBECU), Mendoza, Argentina
| | - María Belén Hapon
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Instituto de Medicina y Biología Experimental de Cuyo (IMBECU), Mendoza, Argentina.,Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Mendoza, Argentina
| | - Carlos Gamarra-Luques
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Instituto de Medicina y Biología Experimental de Cuyo (IMBECU), Mendoza, Argentina.,Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Instituto de Fisiología, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Mendoza, Argentina
| | - Claudia Castro
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Instituto de Medicina y Biología Experimental de Cuyo (IMBECU), Mendoza, Argentina.,Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Instituto de Bioquímica y Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Mendoza, Argentina
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Taleb S, Saeedi M. The effect of the Verbascum Thapsus on episiotomy wound healing in nulliparous women: a randomized controlled trial. BMC Complement Med Ther 2021; 21:166. [PMID: 34103042 PMCID: PMC8186151 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-021-03339-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The pain and discomfort caused by episiotomy affect the quality of life of the mothers, so rapid and complete repair of the episiotomy is very important. Due to the effective ingredients of Verbascum Thapsus, it has been used since ancient times to treat wounds. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the effect of Verbascum Thapsus on episiotomy wound healing. Methods The study was designed as a randomized, double-blind, controlled clinical trial. Ninety-three primiparous women who were referred to Fatemeh Zahra Hospital in Saveh in 2015 were randomly divided into two groups of intervention (Verbascum Thapsus) and control (placebo). Both groups covered the episiotomy wound twice a day for 10 days with 2 cm of prescribed creams. Wound healing was assessed using the REEDA scale before the intervention and on days 1,3 and 10 after the intervention. Results Before the intervention, there was no statistically significant difference in terms of demographic characteristics, obstetrics, and REEDA scores between the two groups (p < 0.05). The mean scores of REEDA on days 1 and 3 in the intervention group were better than the control group but were not statistically significant. However, on the tenth day after the intervention, the mean scores of REEDA were significantly better in the Verbascum group than the placebo (p = 0.01). Conclusions According to the results of this study, it seems that Verbascum Thapsus is effective in repairing episiotomy wounds. The researchers hope that the results of this study can provide clinical evidence for the use of this herbal medicine in the wound healing process. Trial registration This study was registered in the Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials (IRCT) with the code “IRCT201404073106N15” on 02/12/2015.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahar Taleb
- Saveh University of Medical Sciences, Saveh, Iran
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Yadav E, Yadav P, Verma A. In silico Study of Trianthema portulacastrum Embedded Iron Oxide Nanoparticles on Glycogen Synthase Kinase-3β: A Possible Contributor to its Enhanced in vivo Wound Healing Potential. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:664075. [PMID: 34079461 PMCID: PMC8165444 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.664075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Rich amount of phenolic compounds are available in Trianthema portulacastrum L. (TP) leaves and are traditionally utilized as a wound dressing material. Oxidative stress and inflammation affect the Wnt/β-catenin pathway by modulating the glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK) activity subjected to delay in wound healing. The objective of the current study was to explore the wound healing effect of ferric oxide nanoparticles biosynthesized with fractionated TP extract (FeTP). The ability of TP active components (polyphenols) to inhibit the GSK was explored by using molecular docking studies. FeTP were synthesized, characterized, utilized to prepare an ointment and its efficacy was investigated against full-thickness dermal wounds. Different wound healing parameters, level of enzymatic antioxidants, hydroxyproline content and tissue cytokines level were analyzed. Histopathology was performed to confirm the healing by newly formed tissue architecture. Rats treated with FeTP showed significantly swift healing with faster wound contraction rate, high tensile strength and hydroxyproline content along with the utilization of less time for epithelialization. Histopathological study also validated the potential wound healing effect of FeTP with complete re-epithelialization. The results of the present study cumulatively revealed that the green synthesized FeTP ointment approach may serve as a potential tool for dermal wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekta Yadav
- Bioorganic and Medicinal Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences (SHUATS), Prayagraj, India
| | - Pankajkumar Yadav
- Pharmaceutics Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences (SHUATS), Prayagraj, India
| | - Amita Verma
- Bioorganic and Medicinal Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences (SHUATS), Prayagraj, India
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21
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Yadav E, Yadav P. Biofabricated zinc oxide nanoparticles impair cognitive function via modulating oxidative stress and acetylcholinesterase level in mice. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2021; 36:572-585. [PMID: 33247493 DOI: 10.1002/tox.23062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Current work was designed to explore the effect of ZnO nanoparticles (ZnONP) biofabricated by using Trianthema portulacastrum (TP) leaves extract on mice brain hippocampus. ZnO nanoparticles of TP leaves (ZnOTP) were synthesized by co-precipitation method and further characterized by using various techniques such as UV-Vis spectrophotometer, Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM), Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR), and Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDX). ZnOTP were evaluated for in vitro antioxidant activity, in vivo behavior models (for assessment of cognitive ability), acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity along with other neurotransmitters content determination, estimation of various oxidative stress parameters and analysis of zinc content in the brain as well as plasma. Histopathological evaluation of the brain hippocampus of each group was performed to corroborate the statistical results. Spherical ZnOTP of 10 to 20 nm size embedded with different phytoconstituents of TP was confirmed. Results of our study revealed a significant memory deficit in mice treated with ZnOTP. Neuronal degeneration was also observed via a significant increase in AChE activity and oxidative stress levels in the brain of mice administered with ZnOTP. Exposure of ZnOTP was also found responsible for modulation of neurotransmission in hippocampus area. Further, ZnOTP disturbed the zinc homeostasis in hippocampus via elevation of zinc content in brain as well as plasma. Histopathology of hippocampus supported the damaging impact of ZnOTP by an increase in vacuolated cytoplasm and focal gliosis in groups treated with ZnOTP. Results demonstrated the neurotoxic effect of ZnOTP on brain hippocampus via cognitive impairment by alteration of neurotransmitter level, zinc content and oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekta Yadav
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology & Sciences (SHUATS), Prayagraj, India
| | - Pankajkumar Yadav
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology & Sciences (SHUATS), Prayagraj, India
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22
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Sharma Y, Kaur A, Bhardwaj R, Srivastava N, Lal M, Madan S, Bala K. Preclinical assessment of stem of Nicotiana tabacum on excision wound model. Bioorg Chem 2021; 109:104731. [PMID: 33639361 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2021.104731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Agro-waste material derived from N. tabacum has shown enormous potential antioxidant and antimicrobial activity. Hence in the present study, we investigated the wound healing efficacy of ethanolic extract of stem of Nicotiana tabacum on wistar rat model. Ethanolic extract prepared from defatted stem was to check various phytochemicals using spectrophotometric and chromatographic technique. The antioxidant potential was determined by FRAP and Reducing Power assay in extract. Cytotoxicity of extracts was determined using mouse fibroblast L929 cell lines by MTT assay. In vivo angiogenic activity was observed on chick chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) model by observing blood vessels formation and its branching. In vivo wound healing activity was observed on excision wounds in rat model by quantifying percentage of wound contraction, antioxidant activity and histopathology studies. From the present study, polyphenols, tannins and alkaloids were found to be determined in the ethanolic extract by means of spectrophotometric and chromatographic analysis against standards. Antioxidant assay revealed maximum antioxidant potential in ethanolic extract. Cytotoxic effect of extract has not been shown on L929 cell line. From CAM model, extract has shown growth of blood vessels formation at concentration of 480 µg/ml. Topical application of extracts on excision wounds, revealed wound healing activity i.e. 98.7% ± 0.002 on 14th day as well as enzymatic activity (SOD, CAT, GST) and non enzyme content (GSH and Lipid peroxidation) has been found to be high in granulated tissue. Hisopathological studies confirmed the re-epithelization in skin wounds. It can be concluded that stem of N. tabacum can be used as herbal remedy in wound healing process as a topical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yash Sharma
- Therapeutics and Molecular Diagnostic Lab, Center For Medical Biotechnology, Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| | - Amritpal Kaur
- Therapeutics and Molecular Diagnostic Lab, Center For Medical Biotechnology, Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Rohit Bhardwaj
- Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Nidhi Srivastava
- Therapeutics and Molecular Diagnostic Lab, Center For Medical Biotechnology, Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| | - Manisha Lal
- Amity Institute of Indian System of Medicine, Amity University, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Swati Madan
- Department of Zoology, Magadh Mahila College, Patna University, Patna, India.
| | - Kumud Bala
- Therapeutics and Molecular Diagnostic Lab, Center For Medical Biotechnology, Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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Gad SB, Hafez MH, El-Sayed YS. Platelet-rich plasma and/or sildenafil topical applications accelerate and better repair wound healing in rats through regulation of proinflammatory cytokines and collagen/TGF-β1 pathway. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:40757-40768. [PMID: 32671702 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-10042-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) composites of various cytokines and growth factors which have the potential to activate and speed the process of wound repair. Sildenafil also is a potent stimulator of angiogenesis which favors its potential effects on wound healing in several models. Existing work planned to examine the effectiveness of topical application of PRP and/or sildenafil citrate hydrogel (SCH) in a non-splinted excision skin wound model. Adult male rats were allocated into control, PRP, SCH, and PRP/SCH groups. On the 7th and 14th days, blood and tissue samples were collected for hematobiochemical, histopathological, and immunohistochemistry analyses. PRP and/or SCH topical treatments caused an enhancement of wound healing parameters, including a rapid switch from inflammatory phase to connective tissue stage evident by less systemic hematological changes and decreased values of proinflammatory cytokines (IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-1β) and C-reactive protein (CRP) on the 7th or 14th days post-wounding. Also, tissue hydroxyproline, collagen, nitrite, and total protein contents were higher in therapeutically handled wounded rats. Histologically, PRP- and/or SCH-treated wounded rats exhibited less necrosis, inflammation, and fibrin with a higher level of granulation tissue formation on the 7th day post-wounding and abundant collagen remodeling, epithelization, and vascularization on the 14th day relative to control. Interestingly, combined PRP and SCH treatment was more efficient in wound healing scoring with less inflammation, more collagen remodeling, and more epithelization. Our findings confirm the effectiveness of PRP and/or SCH as a topical wound healing treatment, with better skin wound healing with their combination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shereen B Gad
- Physiology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Mona H Hafez
- Physiology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Yasser S El-Sayed
- Forensic Medicine and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour, 22511, Egypt.
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Modification of Collagen Properties with Ferulic Acid. MATERIALS 2020; 13:ma13153419. [PMID: 32756407 PMCID: PMC7435917 DOI: 10.3390/ma13153419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Collagen materials are widely used in biomedicine and in cosmetics. However, their properties require improvement for several reasons. In this work, collagen solution as well as collagen films were modified by the addition of ferulic acid (FA). Thin collagen films containing FA were obtained by solvent evaporation. The properties of collagen solution have been studied by steady shear tests. The structure and surface properties of collagen thin films were studied. It was found that for collagen solution with 5% addition of FA, the apparent viscosity was the highest, whereas the collagen solutions with other additions of FA (1%, 2%, and 10%), no significant difference in the apparent viscosity was observed. Thin films prepared from collagen with 1 and 2% FA addition were homogeneous, whereas films with 5% and 10% FA showed irregularity in the surface properties. Mechanical properties, such as maximum tensile strength and elongation at break, were significantly higher for films with 10% FA than for films with smaller amount of FA. Young modulus was similar for films with 1% and 10% FA addition, but bigger than for 2% and 5% of FA in collagen films. The cross-linking of collagen with ferulic acid meant that prepared thin films were elastic with better mechanical properties than collagen films.
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25
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Sarkar MK, Mahapatra SK, Vadivel V. Oxidative stress mediated cytotoxicity in leukemia cells induced by active phyto-constituents isolated from traditional herbal drugs of West Bengal. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 251:112527. [PMID: 31891796 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2019.112527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2019] [Revised: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE In search of safe and effective therapeutic agents as alternative to synthetic chemotherapeutics for the treatment of leukemia, the herbal drugs (Leaf of Madhuca longifolia, leaf of Prosopis cineraria and bark of Flacourtia indica) with long traditional use in West Bengal have received our attention. AIM OF THE STUDY Present work was conducted to isolate and identify the active compounds of the selected herbal drugs using bio-assay guided fractionation and also to investigate their anticancer mechanism in leukemia cell lines. MATERIALS AND METHODS Bio-assay guided fractionation was used for the isolation of active constituents such as myricitrin, vitexin and vanillin from the aqueous extracts of M. longifolia, P. cineraria and F. indica, respectively using liquid partitioning and column chromatography and the compounds were characterized by HPLC, MS and NMR. Dose and time-dependent cytotoxicity of isolated compounds were studied against leukemia cells and their anticancer mechanism such as cell wall damage, nuclear damage, ROS and NO generation, SOD level, LDH release and lipid peroxidation were investigated. RESULTS Aqueous extract of M. longifolia, P. cineraria and F. indica exhibited maximum anti-proliferative activity against HL-60 (Acute myeloid leukemia, AML, 72.06%), K-562 (Chronic myeloid leukemia, CML, 42.14%) and Jurkat (Acute lymphoblastic leukemia, ALL, 51.71%) cells. Myricitrin, vitexin and vanillin exhibited dose-dependent (IC-50 values 164.4, 147 & 29.22 μg/ml) and time-dependent activity with maximum cytotoxicity at 48 h. All these three compounds caused apoptosis in leukemia cells by inducing free radicals such as ROS (1.33-2.65 Arbitrary units) and NO (11.17-18.53 μM), cell membrane damage and nuclear condensation which were evidenced by increased release of LDH (1326-1439 U/L), improved lipid peroxidation (10.19-14.41 nM/mg protein) and reduced SOD level (6.2-9.21 U/mg protein) in leukemia cells. CONCLUSIONS Based on anti-proliferative activity, the isolated phyto-compounds myrcitrin, vitexin and vanillin from M. longifolia, P. cineraria and F. indica could be developed as natural drugs for treating AML, CML and ALL leukemia types, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monaj Kumar Sarkar
- Chemical Biology Lab (ASK-II-409), School of Chemical and Biotechnology (SCBT), SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Santanu Kar Mahapatra
- Medicinal Chemistry and Immunology Lab (ASK-II-406), School of Chemical and Biotechnology (SCBT), SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Vellingiri Vadivel
- Chemical Biology Lab (ASK-II-409), School of Chemical and Biotechnology (SCBT), SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur, Tamilnadu, India.
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Prakoso YA, Kurniasih K, Wijayanti AD, Kristianingrum YP. Treatment of experimentally induced diabetic wound infected with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus using Aloe vera, Apium graveolens, and Sauropus androgynus extracts in rats. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ONE HEALTH 2019. [DOI: 10.14202/ijoh.2019.99-106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim: One of the complications of diabetes mellitus is diabetic ulcer. Diabetic ulcer is commonly infected by infectious agents, especially methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). This study aimed to evaluate the potential effects of alcoholic extracts of Aloe vera, Apium graveolens, and Sauropus androgynus on promoting wound healing in a diabetic wound infected with MRSA.
Materials and Methods: A total of 60 male Sprague-Dawley rats (6 months old, weighing 250-300 g) were injected with 65 mg/kg body weight of streptozotocin to induce diabetes. On day 7, the backs of the rats were shaved, and two circular wounds (4 mm in diameter) were created on their back, which were infected with MRSA. The rats were divided into six groups: Group I = control, Group II = treated with cream base without extract, Group III = treated with 2% A. vera cream, Group IV = treated with 2% A. graveolens cream, Group V = treated with 2% S. androgynus cream, and Group VI = treated with 2% A. vera + 2% A. graveolens + 2% S. androgynus cream. The wounds were treated twice a day for 14 days. The data were collected on days 7 and 14.
Results: The results showed that all three herbal extracts and their combination decreased wound area and percentage of the wound, increased tensile strength of skin, collagen deposition, vascular endothelial growth factor expression, and skin thickness, and depressed the C-reactive protein profile and cyclooxygenase-2 expression.
Conclusion: A. vera, A. graveolens, and S. androgynus creams can be used as herbal therapies against diabetic wounds infected with MRSA, both as a single and combination treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yos Adi Prakoso
- Doctoral Program in Veterinary Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wijaya Kusuma Surabaya, East Java 60225, Indonesia
| | - Kurniasih Kurniasih
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
| | - Agustina Dwi Wijayanti
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, 55281, Indonesia
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Sharifi-Rad J, Kobarfard F, Ata A, Ayatollahi SA, Khosravi-Dehaghi N, Jugran AK, Tomas M, Capanoglu E, Matthews KR, Popović-Djordjević J, Kostić A, Kamiloglu S, Sharopov F, Choudhary MI, Martins N. Prosopis Plant Chemical Composition and Pharmacological Attributes: Targeting Clinical Studies from Preclinical Evidence. Biomolecules 2019; 9:E777. [PMID: 31775378 PMCID: PMC6995505 DOI: 10.3390/biom9120777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Revised: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Members of the Prosopis genus are native to America, Africa and Asia, and have long been used in traditional medicine. The Prosopis species most commonly used for medicinal purposes are P. africana, P. alba, P. cineraria, P. farcta, P. glandulosa, P. juliflora, P. nigra, P. ruscifolia and P. spicigera, which are highly effective in asthma, birth/postpartum pains, callouses, conjunctivitis, diabetes, diarrhea, expectorant, fever, flu, lactation, liver infection, malaria, otitis, pains, pediculosis, rheumatism, scabies, skin inflammations, spasm, stomach ache, bladder and pancreas stone removal. Flour, syrup, and beverages from Prosopis pods have also been potentially used for foods and food supplement formulation in many regions of the world. In addition, various in vitro and in vivo studies have revealed interesting antiplasmodial, antipyretic, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, anticancer, antidiabetic and wound healing effects. The phytochemical composition of Prosopis plants, namely their content of C-glycosyl flavones (such as schaftoside, isoschaftoside, vicenin II, vitexin and isovitexin) has been increasingly correlated with the observed biological effects. Thus, given the literature reports, Prosopis plants have positive impact on the human diet and general health. In this sense, the present review provides an in-depth overview of the literature data regarding Prosopis plants' chemical composition, pharmacological and food applications, covering from pre-clinical data to upcoming clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javad Sharifi-Rad
- Phytochemistry Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1991953381, Iran
| | - Farzad Kobarfard
- Phytochemistry Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1991953381, Iran
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 11369, Iran
| | - Athar Ata
- Department of Chemistry, Richardson College for the Environmental Science Complex, The University of Winnipeg, Winnipeg, MB R3B 2G3, Canada;
| | - Seyed Abdulmajid Ayatollahi
- Phytochemistry Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1991953381, Iran
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 11369, Iran
| | - Nafiseh Khosravi-Dehaghi
- EvidenceBased Phytotherapy & Complementary Medicine Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj 19839-63113, Iran;
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj 19839-63113, Iran
| | - Arun Kumar Jugran
- G. B. Pant National Institute of Himalayan Environment and Sustainable Development, Garhwal Regional Centre, Upper Baktiyana, Srinagar-246 174, Uttarakhand, India;
| | - Merve Tomas
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Food Engineering Department, Istanbul Sabahattin Zaim University, Halkali, 34303 Istanbul, Turkey;
| | - Esra Capanoglu
- Faculty of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, Food Engineering Department, Istanbul Technical University, Maslak, 34469 Istanbul, Turkey;
| | - Karl R. Matthews
- Department of Food Science, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901-8520, USA;
| | - Jelena Popović-Djordjević
- Faculty of Agriculture, Chair of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Belgrade, 11080 Belgrade, Serbia; (J.P.-D.); (A.K.)
| | - Aleksandar Kostić
- Faculty of Agriculture, Chair of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Belgrade, 11080 Belgrade, Serbia; (J.P.-D.); (A.K.)
| | - Senem Kamiloglu
- Mevsim Gida Sanayi ve Soguk Depo Ticaret A.S. (MVSM Foods), Turankoy, Kestel, 16450 Bursa, Turkey;
| | - Farukh Sharopov
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Avicenna Tajik State Medical University, Rudaki 139, Dushanbe 734003, Tajikistan;
| | - Muhammad Iqbal Choudhary
- H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan;
| | - Natália Martins
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Alameda Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
- Institute for Research and Innovation in Health (i3S), University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
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Fraternale D, Flamini G, Ascrizzi R. In Vitro Anticollagenase and Antielastase Activities of Essential Oil of Helichrysum italicum subsp. italicum (Roth) G. Don. J Med Food 2019; 22:1041-1046. [PMID: 31199702 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2019.0054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The chemical composition of the essential oil of flowering aerial parts of Helichrysum italicum subsp. italicum cultivated in central Italy, Marche region, was analyzed by means of gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Seventy-eight components, accounting for 98.71% of the whole essential oil composition, were identified and quantified. Neryl acetate showed the largest relative abundance in the composition, accounting for 15.75% of the oil, followed by α-pinene (8.21%); 4,6,9-trimethyl-8-decene-3,5-dione, (Italidione I), (7.34%); ar-curcumene and β-selinene (5.37%); γ-curcumene (4.83%); nerol (4.75%); α-selinene (4.68%); limonene (4.55%); linalool (4.42%), and 2,4,6,9-tetramethyl-8-decene-3,5-dione (Italidione II), (4.26%). The oil inhibited in vitro collagenase and elastase activities, with IC50 values of 36.99 ± 1.52 and 135.43 ± 6.32 μg/mL, respectively. Neryl acetate, nerol, and linalool, distinctive compounds of the oil obtained from this plant, tested alone or in mixture, at the same percentages shown in the essential oil, exhibited no activity against the two enzymes. On the contrary, α-pinene and limonene, tested alone and in mixture, showed inhibitory activity on both collagenase and elastase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Fraternale
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Plant Biology Section, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Urbino, Italy
| | - Guido Flamini
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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Pharmaceutical Potential of a Novel Chitosan Derivative Schiff Base with Special Reference to Antibacterial, Anti-Biofilm, Antioxidant, Anti-Inflammatory, Hemocompatibility and Cytotoxic Activities. Pharm Res 2018; 36:5. [PMID: 30406460 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-018-2535-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Chitosan and its derivatives possess several unique properties relevant in the field of pharmaceutics and medicinal chemistry. This study aimed to evaluate the pharmaceutical performance of an innovative chitosan derivative, methyl acrylate chitosan bearing p-nitrobenzaldehyde (MA*CS*pNBA) Schiff base. METHODS The antibacterial activity of MA*CS*pNBA was tested against multi-drug resistant (MDR) Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria using agar-well diffusion method. Anti-biofilm formation was analyzed using a microtitre plate. Antioxidant assays were performed to assess the scavenging activity of MA*CS*pNBA using DPPH, hydrogen peroxide, superoxide together with its reducing power activity. Anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated by albumin denaturation, membrane stabilization, and proteinase inhibition methods. MA*CS*pNBA was tested for its hemolytic efficiency on human erythrocytes. Cytotoxicity of MA*CS*pNBA was evaluated by MTT assay. RESULTS MA*CS*pNBA showed a significant performance as an antibacterial candidate against MDR bacteria, anti-biofilm, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory biomaterial, evidencing hemocompatibility and no cytotoxicity. It exhibited a significant negative correlation with biofilm formation by the MDR-PA-09 strain. Biological activities were found to be significantly concentration-dependent. CONCLUSIONS the newly chitosan derivative MA*CS*pNBA showed to be promising for pharmaceutical applications, expanding the treatment ways toward skin burn infections since it allied excellent antibacterial, anti-biofilm, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, hemocompatibility and absence of cytotoxic activities.
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