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Vesci L, Tundo G, Soldi S, Galletti S, Stoppoloni D, Bernardini R, Modolea AB, Luberto L, Marra E, Giorgi F, Marini S. A Novel Lactobacillus brevis Fermented with a Vegetable Substrate (AL0035) Counteracts TNBS-Induced Colitis by Modulating the Gut Microbiota Composition and Intestinal Barrier. Nutrients 2024; 16:937. [PMID: 38612971 PMCID: PMC11013894 DOI: 10.3390/nu16070937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Crohn's and ulcerative colitis are common conditions associated with inflammatory bowel disease as well as intestinal flora and epithelial barrier dysfunction. A novel fermented Lactobacillus brevis (AL0035) herein assayed in a trinitro benzene sulfonic acid (TNBS)-induced colitis mice model after oral administration significantly counteracted the body weight loss and improves the disease activity index and histological injury scores. AL0035 significantly decreased the mRNA and protein expression of different pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNFalpha, IL-1beta, IL-6, IL-12, IFN-gamma) and enhanced the expression of IL-10. In addition, the probiotic promoted the expression of tight junction proteins, such as ZO-1, keeping the intestinal mucosal barrier function to attenuate colitis symptoms in mice. Markers of inflammation cascade such as myeloperoxidase (MPO) and PPAR-gamma measured in the colon were also modified by AL0035 treatment. AL0035 was also able to reduce different lymphocyte markers' infiltration in the colon (GATA-3, T-Bet, NK1.1) and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1/CCL2), a key chemokine involved in the migration and infiltration of monocytes/macrophages in the immunological surveillance of tissues and inflammation. In colonic microbiota profile analysis through 16S rRNA sequencing, AL0035 increased the microbial diversity depleted by TNBS administration and the relative abundance of the Lactobacillaceae and Lachnospiraceae families, whereas it decreased the abundance of Proteobacteria. Altogether, these data indicated that AL0035 could lower the severity of colitis induced by TNBS by regulating inflammatory cytokines, increasing the expression of tight junction proteins and modulating intestinal microbiota, thus preventing tissue damage induced by colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loredana Vesci
- Corporate R&D, Alfasigma S.p.A., Via Pontina km 30.400, Pomezia, 00071 Rome, Italy;
| | - Grazia Tundo
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy; (R.B.); (A.B.M.); (S.M.)
| | - Sara Soldi
- AAT Advanced Analytical Technologies Srl, Via P. Majavacca 12, 29017 Fiorenzuola d’Arda, Italy; (S.S.); (S.G.)
| | - Serena Galletti
- AAT Advanced Analytical Technologies Srl, Via P. Majavacca 12, 29017 Fiorenzuola d’Arda, Italy; (S.S.); (S.G.)
| | | | - Roberta Bernardini
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy; (R.B.); (A.B.M.); (S.M.)
- Centro Interdipartimentale di Medicina Comparata, Tecniche Alternative ed Acquacoltura (CIMETA), University of Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Anamaria Bianca Modolea
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy; (R.B.); (A.B.M.); (S.M.)
| | - Laura Luberto
- Takis Castel Romano, 00128 Rome, Italy; (D.S.); (L.L.); (E.M.)
| | - Emanuele Marra
- Takis Castel Romano, 00128 Rome, Italy; (D.S.); (L.L.); (E.M.)
| | - Fabrizio Giorgi
- Corporate R&D, Alfasigma S.p.A., Via Pontina km 30.400, Pomezia, 00071 Rome, Italy;
| | - Stefano Marini
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy; (R.B.); (A.B.M.); (S.M.)
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Wang H, Li M, Jiao F, Ge W, Liu R, Zhi Z, Wu T, Sui W, Zhang M. Soluble dietary fibers from solid-state fermentation of wheat bran by the fungus Cordyceps cicadae and their effects on colitis mice. Food Funct 2024; 15:516-529. [PMID: 38167692 DOI: 10.1039/d3fo03851c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis is a chronic inflammatory disease with a complex pathogenesis for which there is no definitive therapeutic agent. Fermentation, as a green and efficient bioprocessing technique, has been shown to enhance the biological activity of food ingredients. Soluble dietary fiber isolated from plants is thought to have the potential to prevent and alleviate ulcerative colitis. This work was designed to study the differences in the chemical properties of the soluble dietary fiber from wheat bran fermented by Isaria cicadae Miq. (FSDF) and the unfermented soluble dietary fiber from wheat bran (UFSDF) and their effects on colitis mice. The results showed that FSDF and UFSDF differed in molecular weight, monosaccharide compositions, and surface morphology. In addition, supplementation with UFSDF and FSDF ameliorated the symptoms of DSS-induced colitis in mice by attenuating body weight loss, decreasing the disease activity index and splenic index, shortening the length of the colon, and attenuating colonic tissue damage. UFSDF and FSDF also increased the production of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 and inhibited the expression of IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α. The results of gut flora and short-chain fatty acid analyses showed that UFSDF and FSDF improved the diversity of gut microbiota, up-regulated the abundance of some beneficial bacteria such as Akkermansia and Muribaculaceae, increased the levels of acetic acid, propionic acid, and butyric acid, and restored dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced dysbiosis of the intestinal flora in mice. These findings provide guidance for the development of FSDF and UFSDF as functional foods for the relief of ulcerative colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, 300457, China.
| | - Menglin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, 300457, China.
| | - Furong Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, 300457, China.
| | - Wenxiu Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, 300457, China.
| | - Rui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, 300457, China.
| | - Zijian Zhi
- Food Structure and Function (FSF) Research Group, Department of Food Technology, Safety and Health, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Gent, Belgium.
| | - Tao Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, 300457, China.
| | - Wenjie Sui
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, 300457, China.
| | - Min Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, 300457, China.
- China-Russia Agricultural Processing Joint Laboratory, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin 300392, PR China
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Boesveld S, Kittel Y, Luo Y, Jans A, Oezcifci B, Bartneck M, Preisinger C, Rommel D, Haraszti T, Centeno SP, Boersma AJ, De Laporte L, Trautwein C, Kuehne AJC, Strnad P. Microgels as Platforms for Antibody-Mediated Cytokine Scavenging. Adv Healthc Mater 2023; 12:e2300695. [PMID: 37248777 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202300695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Therapeutic antibodies are the key treatment option for various cytokine-mediated diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis, and inflammatory bowel disease. However, systemic injection of these antibodies can cause side effects and suppress the immune system. Moreover, clearance of therapeutic antibodies from the blood is limiting their efficacy. Here, water-swollen microgels are produced with a size of 25 µm using droplet-based microfluidics. The microgels are functionalized with TNFα antibodies to locally scavenge the pro-inflammatory cytokine TNFα. Homogeneous distribution of TNFα-antibodies is shown throughout the microgel network and demonstrates specific antibody-antigen binding using confocal microscopy and FLIM-FRET measurements. Due to the large internal accessibility of the microgel network, its capacity to bind TNFα is extremely high. At a TNFα concentration of 2.5 µg mL-1 , the microgels are able to scavenge 88% of the cytokine. Cell culture experiments reveal the therapeutic potential of these microgels by protecting HT29 colorectal adenocarcinoma cells from TNFα toxicity and resulting in a significant reduction of COX II and IL8 production of the cells. When the microgels are incubated with stimulated human macrophages, to mimic the in vivo situation of inflammatory bowel disease, the microgels scavenge almost all TNFα that is produced by the cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Boesveld
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Yonca Kittel
- DWI-Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials, RWTH Aachen University, Forckenbeckstraße 50, 52074, Aachen, Germany
- Institute for Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry (ITMC), RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 2, 52074, Aachen, Germany
- Institute of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Yizhao Luo
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Alexander Jans
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Burak Oezcifci
- DWI-Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials, RWTH Aachen University, Forckenbeckstraße 50, 52074, Aachen, Germany
- Department of Cellular Protein Chemistry, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, Utrecht, 3584 CH, The Netherlands
| | - Matthias Bartneck
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Christian Preisinger
- Proteomics Facility, Interdisciplinary Centre for Clinical Research (IZKF), Medical School, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Dirk Rommel
- DWI-Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials, RWTH Aachen University, Forckenbeckstraße 50, 52074, Aachen, Germany
- Institute for Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry (ITMC), RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 2, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Tamás Haraszti
- DWI-Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials, RWTH Aachen University, Forckenbeckstraße 50, 52074, Aachen, Germany
- Institute for Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry (ITMC), RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 2, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Silvia P Centeno
- DWI-Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials, RWTH Aachen University, Forckenbeckstraße 50, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Arnold J Boersma
- DWI-Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials, RWTH Aachen University, Forckenbeckstraße 50, 52074, Aachen, Germany
- Department of Cellular Protein Chemistry, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, Utrecht, 3584 CH, The Netherlands
| | - Laura De Laporte
- DWI-Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials, RWTH Aachen University, Forckenbeckstraße 50, 52074, Aachen, Germany
- Institute for Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry (ITMC), RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 2, 52074, Aachen, Germany
- Advanced Materials for Biomedicine (AMB), Institute of Applied Medical Engineering (AME) Department of Center for Biohybrid Medical Systems (CBMS), Forckenbeckstraße 55, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Christian Trautwein
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Alexander J C Kuehne
- Institute of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Pavel Strnad
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
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Ren DD, Chen KC, Li SS, Zhang YT, Li ZM, Liu S, Sun YS. Panax quinquefolius polysaccharides ameliorate ulcerative colitis in mice induced by dextran sulfate sodium. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1161625. [PMID: 37415978 PMCID: PMC10321667 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1161625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the ameliorative effect of the polysaccharides of Panax quinquefolius (WQP) on ulcerative colitis (UC) induced by dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) in mice and to explore its mechanism. Male C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into the control group (C), model group (DSS), positive control mesalazine (100 mg/kg, Y) group, and low (50 mg/kg, L), medium (100 mg/kg, M) and high dose (200 mg/kg, H) of WQP groups. The UC model was induced by free drinking water with 2.5% DSS for 7 days. During the experiment, the general condition of the mice was observed, and the disease activity index (DAI) was scored. The conventional HE staining was used to observe pathological changes in mice's colon, and the ELISA method was used to detect the levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-4, IL-8, IL-10, IL-1β and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in mice's colon. The changes in gut microbiota in mice were detected by high-throughput sequencing; the concentration of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) was determined by gas chromatography; the expression of related proteins was detected by Western blot. Compared with the DSS group, the WQP group showed a significantly lower DAI score of mice and an alleviated colon tissue injury. In the middle- and high-dose polysaccharides groups, the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6, IL-8, IL-1β and TNF-α in the colonic tissue were significantly decreased (P<0.05), while the levels of IL-4 and IL-10 were significantly increased (P<0.05). The 16S rRNA gene sequencing results showed that different doses of WQP could regulate the composition and diversity of gut microbiota and improve its structure. Specifically, at the phylum level, group H showed an increased relative abundance of Bacteroidetes and a decreased relative abundance of Firmicutes compared with the DSS group, which was closer to the case in group C. At the family level, the relative abundance of Rikenellaceae in L, M and H groups increased significantly, close to that in group C. At the genus level, the relative abundance of Bacteroides, Shigella and Oscillospira in the H group increased significantly, while that of Lactobacillus and Prevotella decreased significantly. The high-dose WQP group could significantly increase the contents of acetic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid, and total SCFAs. Different doses of WQP also increased the expression levels of tight junction proteins ZO-1, Occludin and Claudin-1. To sum up, WQP can regulate the gut microbiota structure of UC mice, accelerate the recovery of gut microbiota, and increase the content of Faecal SCFAs and the expression level of tight junction proteins in UC mice. This study can provide new ideas for the treatment and prevention of UC and theoretical references for the application of WQP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duo-duo Ren
- Institute of Special Wild Economic Animals and Plants, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
- Institute of College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Yangling, China
| | | | - Shan-shan Li
- Institute of Special Wild Economic Animals and Plants, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
- Institute of Biological and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Jilin Agricultural Science and Technology University, Jilin, China
| | - Yan-ting Zhang
- Institute of Special Wild Economic Animals and Plants, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Zhi-man Li
- Institute of Special Wild Economic Animals and Plants, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Shuang Liu
- Looking Up 9 Starry Sky Medical Research Center, Siping, China
| | - Yin-shi Sun
- Institute of Special Wild Economic Animals and Plants, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
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Lee H, Jeong JH, Hwang SH, Yeon SH, Ryu JH. A Lignan from Alnus japonica Activates Myogenesis and Alleviates Dexamethasone-induced Myotube Atrophy. PLANTA MEDICA 2023; 89:484-492. [PMID: 35789994 DOI: 10.1055/a-1891-3366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
To find inhibitors against skeletal muscle loss, we isolated a lignan compound ((-)-(2R,3R-1,4-O-diferuloylsecoisolarciresinol, DFS) from the stem of Alnus japonica. C2C12 myoblasts were treated with DFS during differentiation. To induce an in vitro atrophic condition, differentiated myotubes were treated with dexamethasone (a synthetic glucocorticoid). DFS (10 nM) increased expression levels of myogenic factors and the number of multi-nucleated myotubes expressing myosin heavy chain (MHC). The myogenic potential of DFS could be attributed to p38 MAPK activation. DFS also protected against dexamethasone-induced damage, showing increased expression of MHC and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), a major anabolic factor. Under atrophic condition, the anti-myopathy effect of DFS was associated with inactivation of NF-κB signaling pathway and the subsequent suppression of muscle degradative E3 ligases and myostatin. DFS treatment also restored fast muscle fiber (type II a, II b, and II x), known to be susceptible to dexamethasone. These results indicate that DFS isolated from A. japonica can stimulate myogenesis via p38 MAPK activation and alleviate muscle atrophy by modulating the expression of genes associated with muscle protein anabolism/catabolism. Thus, we propose that DFS can be used as a pharmacological and nutraceutical agent for increasing muscle strength or protecting muscle loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyejin Lee
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and College of Pharmacy, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ji Hye Jeong
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and College of Pharmacy, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, Korea
| | | | | | - Jae-Ha Ryu
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and College of Pharmacy, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, Korea
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Wei J, Zhao J, Su T, Li S, Sheng W, Feng L, Bi Y. Flavonoid Extract from Seed Residues of Hippophae rhamnoides ssp. sinensis Protects against Alcohol-Induced Intestinal Barrier Dysfunction by Regulating the Nrf2 Pathway. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12030562. [PMID: 36978810 PMCID: PMC10044812 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12030562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Alcohol has been demonstrated to disrupt intestinal barrier integrity. Some flavonoid compounds that exert antioxidant activity have a protective effect on intestinal barrier function. As an important medicinal and edible plant, sea buckthorn (Hippophae) seeds are rich in flavonoids, but their protective effect on the intestinal barrier has not been reported. In our research, 76 kinds of flavonoids were identified in Hippophae rhamnoides ssp. sinensis seed residue flavonoids (HRSF) by ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside, isorhamnetin-3-O-rutinoside, kaempferol-3-O-robinoside-7-O-rhamnoside, isorhamnetin-3-O-2G-rhamnosylrutinoside, quercetin-3-O-rutinoside, (-)-epigallocatechin, and B type of procyanidin were the most abundant substances, accounting for 15.276%, 15.128%, 18.328%, 10.904%, 4.596%, 5.082%, and 10.079% of all identified flavonoids, respectively. Meanwhile, pre-treatment with HRSF was able to prevent alcohol-induced disruption of intestinal barrier integrity through elevating the transepithelial monolayer resistance value, inhibiting the flux of fluorescein isothiocyanate-dextran, and upregulating the mRNA and protein level of TJs (occludin and ZO-1). Furthermore, it was also able to reverse alcohol-induced oxidative stress through suppressing the accumulation of reactive oxygen species and malondialdehyde, improving the glutathione level and superoxide dismutase activity. Finally, the results showed that HRSF pre-treatment effectively elevated the erythroid-related factor 2 mRNA and protein level compared with the alcohol-alone treatment group. Our research was the first to demonstrate that HRSF could prevent alcohol-induced intestinal barrier dysfunction through regulating the Nrf2-mediated pathway in order to attenuate oxidative stress and enhance TJ expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Wei
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Jinmei Zhao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Tingting Su
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Sha Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Wenjun Sheng
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Lidan Feng
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Yang Bi
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
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Wang W, Kou F, Wang J, Quan Z, Zhao S, Wang Y, Hu X, Sun H, Cao L. Pretreatment with millet-derived selenylated soluble dietary fiber ameliorates dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis in mice by regulating inflammation and maintaining gut microbiota balance. Front Nutr 2022; 9:928601. [PMID: 36159466 PMCID: PMC9494682 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.928601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory activation and intestinal flora imbalance play key roles in the development and progression of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Soluble dietary fiber (SDF) and selenium have been proven to be effective for preventing and relieving IBD. This study investigated and compared the therapeutic efficacy of millet-derived selenylated-soluble dietary fiber (Se-SDF) against dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis in mice alone or through the synergistic interaction between selenium and SDF. In female mice, Se-SDF markedly alleviated body weight loss, decreased colon length, reduced histological damage scores, and enhanced IL-10 expression to maintain the barrier function of intestinal mucosa compared to male mice. The 16S rRNA sequence analysis further indicated that pretreatment with Se-SDF restored the gut microbiota composition in female mice by increasing the relative abundance of Lactobacillus and the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio. In conclusion, these findings demonstrated that Se-SDF can protect against DSS-induced colitis in female mice by regulating inflammation and maintaining gut microbiota balance. This study, therefore, provides new insights into the development of Se-SDF as a supplement for the prevention and treatment of colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weihao Wang
- College of Food Science, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China
- National Coarse Cereals Engineering Research Center, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China
| | - Fang Kou
- College of Food Science, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China
- Department of Marine Food Science and Technology, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung, South Korea
| | - Juan Wang
- College of Food Science, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China
| | - Zhigang Quan
- College of Food Science, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China
| | - Shuting Zhao
- College of Food Science, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China
| | - Yifei Wang
- College of Food Science, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China
| | - Xin Hu
- College of Food Science, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China
| | - Hunan Sun
- College of Food Science, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China
- College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China
- Hunan Sun,
| | - Longkui Cao
- College of Food Science, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China
- National Coarse Cereals Engineering Research Center, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China
- *Correspondence: Longkui Cao,
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Role of natural products towards the SARS-CoV-2: A critical review. Ann Med Surg (Lond) 2022; 80:104062. [PMID: 35814035 PMCID: PMC9249430 DOI: 10.1016/j.amsu.2022.104062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Revised: 06/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the fact that various therapeutic compounds are being investigated, there is still a scarcity of effective and reliable therapeutic regimens to treat COVID-19. Ever since the COVID-19 pandemic, a diversity of traditional herbal treatments has been investigated to cure infected people, either alone or in conjunction with mainstream pharmaceuticals, with encouraging outcomes. In this article, we look at the latest research on the usage of natural products to alleviate the severity of COVID-19. To determine the activity of the natural products, act against SARS-CoV-2 to various targets like Mpro, ACE-II, papain-like, chymotrypsin-like proteases, and some antiviral targets. The processes underlying this preventative or therapeutic action are also examined. We used PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, and the WHO site to perform our review. The anti-SARS-CoV-2 impacts of various herbal extracts and purified compounds may be mediated via direct prevention of viral replication or entrance. Interestingly, certain items might avert SARS-CoV-2 from infecting human cells by blocking the ACE-2 protein or the serine protease TMPRRS2. Natural products have also been stated to suppress proteins intricate in the virus life cycle, like papain-like and chymotrypsin-like proteases. To conclude, natural products can be used alone or in combination as remedies or treatments for COVID-19. In addition, their compositions may provide insight into the development of effective and reliable antiviral drugs. The COVID-19 pandemic caused by a novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, resulted in thousands of deaths across the world. Globally, numerous studies and researchers have recently started fighting this virus. In this article, we look at the latest research on the usage of natural products to alleviate the severity of COVID-19. The anti-SARS-CoV-2 impacts of various herbal extracts and purified compounds may be mediated via direct prevention of viral replication or entrance.
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Lee YH, Kim H, Nam S, Chu JR, Kim JH, Lim JS, Kim SE, Sung MK. Protective Effects of High-Fat Diet against Murine Colitis in Association with Leptin Signaling and Gut Microbiome. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:life12070972. [PMID: 35888062 PMCID: PMC9323536 DOI: 10.3390/life12070972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 06/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 04/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is characterized by chronic intestinal-tract inflammation with dysregulated immune responses, which are partly attributable to dysbiosis. Given that diet plays a critical role in IBD pathogenesis and progression, we elucidated the effects of a high-fat diet (HFD) feeding on IBD development in relation to immune dysfunction and the gut microbiota. Five-week-old male C57BL/6J mice were fed either a normal diet (ND) or HFD for 14 weeks. The animals were further divided into ND, ND+ dextran sulfate sodium (DSS), HFD, and HFD+DSS treatment groups. The HFD+DSS mice exhibited lower body weight loss, lower disease activity index, longer colon length, and increased tight-junction protein expression and goblet-cell proportions compared with the ND+DSS mice. The T helper (h)1 and Th17 cell populations and pro-inflammatory cytokines involved in colitis pathogenesis were significantly more reduced in the HFD+DSS mice than in the ND+DSS mice. The HFD+DSS mice showed significantly increased serum leptin concentrations, colonic leptin receptor expression, enhanced anti-apoptotic AKT expression, and reduced pro-apoptotic MAPK and Bax expression compared with the ND+DSS mice, suggesting the involvement of the leptin-mediated pathway in intestinal epithelial cell apoptosis. The alterations in the gut-microbiota composition in the HFD+DSS group were the opposite of those in the ND+DSS group and rather similar to those of the ND group, indicating that the protective effects of HFD feeding against DSS-induced colitis are associated with changes in gut-microbiota composition. Overall, HFD feeding ameliorates DSS-induced colitis and colonic mucosal damage by reinforcing colonic barrier function and regulating immune responses in association with changes in gut-microbiota composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Ha Lee
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Sookmyung Women’s University, Yongsan-gu, Seoul 04310, Korea; (Y.-H.L.); (H.K.); (J.-R.C.)
| | - Hyeyoon Kim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Sookmyung Women’s University, Yongsan-gu, Seoul 04310, Korea; (Y.-H.L.); (H.K.); (J.-R.C.)
| | - Sorim Nam
- Division of Biological Sciences and Cellular Heterogeneity Research Center, Sookmyung Women’s University, Yongsan-gu, Seoul 04310, Korea; (S.N.); (J.-S.L.)
| | - Jae-Ryang Chu
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Sookmyung Women’s University, Yongsan-gu, Seoul 04310, Korea; (Y.-H.L.); (H.K.); (J.-R.C.)
| | - Jung-Hwan Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52727, Korea;
| | - Jong-Seok Lim
- Division of Biological Sciences and Cellular Heterogeneity Research Center, Sookmyung Women’s University, Yongsan-gu, Seoul 04310, Korea; (S.N.); (J.-S.L.)
| | - Sung-Eun Kim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Sookmyung Women’s University, Yongsan-gu, Seoul 04310, Korea; (Y.-H.L.); (H.K.); (J.-R.C.)
- Correspondence: (S.-E.K.); (M.-K.S.); Tel.: +82-2-2077-7722 (S.-E.K.); +82-2-710-9395 (M.-K.S.)
| | - Mi-Kyung Sung
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Sookmyung Women’s University, Yongsan-gu, Seoul 04310, Korea; (Y.-H.L.); (H.K.); (J.-R.C.)
- Correspondence: (S.-E.K.); (M.-K.S.); Tel.: +82-2-2077-7722 (S.-E.K.); +82-2-710-9395 (M.-K.S.)
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10
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Condorelli M, Speciale A, Cimino F, Muscarà C, Fazio E, D’Urso L, Corsaro C, Neri G, Mezzasalma AM, Compagnini G, Neri F, Saija A. Nano-Hybrid Au@LCCs Systems Displaying Anti-Inflammatory Activity. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 15:3701. [PMID: 35629727 PMCID: PMC9143445 DOI: 10.3390/ma15103701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) have received great attention owing to their biocompatible nature, environmental, and widespread biomedical applications. Au NPs are known as capable to regulate inflammatory responses in several tissues and organs; interestingly, lower toxicity in conjunction with anti-inflammatory effects was reported to occur with Au NPs treatment. Several variables drive this benefit-risk balance, including Au NPs physicochemical properties such as their morphology, surface chemistry, and charge. In our research we prepared hybrid Au@LCC nanocolloids by the Pulsed Laser Ablation, which emerged as a suitable chemically clean technique to produce ligand-free or functionalized nanomaterials, with tight control on their properties (product purity, crystal structure selectivity, particle size distribution). Here, for the first time to our knowledge, we have investigated the bioproperties of Au@LCCs. When tested in vitro on intestinal epithelial cells exposed to TNF-α, Au@LCCs sample at the ratio of 2.6:1 showed a significantly reduced TNF gene expression and induced antioxidant heme oxygenase-1 gene expression better than the 1:1 dispersion. Although deeper investigations are needed, these findings indicate that the functionalization with LCCs allows a better interaction of Au NPs with targets involved in the cell redox status and inflammatory signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcello Condorelli
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Catania, V.le A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy; (M.C.); (L.D.); (G.C.)
| | - Antonio Speciale
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical, and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno D’Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy; (A.S.); (F.C.); (C.M.); (G.N.)
| | - Francesco Cimino
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical, and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno D’Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy; (A.S.); (F.C.); (C.M.); (G.N.)
| | - Claudia Muscarà
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical, and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno D’Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy; (A.S.); (F.C.); (C.M.); (G.N.)
| | - Enza Fazio
- Department of Mathematical and Computational Sciences, Physical Sciences and Earth Sciences, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno D’Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy; (E.F.); (C.C.); (A.M.M.)
| | - Luisa D’Urso
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Catania, V.le A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy; (M.C.); (L.D.); (G.C.)
| | - Carmelo Corsaro
- Department of Mathematical and Computational Sciences, Physical Sciences and Earth Sciences, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno D’Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy; (E.F.); (C.C.); (A.M.M.)
| | - Giulia Neri
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical, and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno D’Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy; (A.S.); (F.C.); (C.M.); (G.N.)
| | - Angela Maria Mezzasalma
- Department of Mathematical and Computational Sciences, Physical Sciences and Earth Sciences, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno D’Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy; (E.F.); (C.C.); (A.M.M.)
| | - Giuseppe Compagnini
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Catania, V.le A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy; (M.C.); (L.D.); (G.C.)
| | - Fortunato Neri
- Department of Mathematical and Computational Sciences, Physical Sciences and Earth Sciences, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno D’Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy; (E.F.); (C.C.); (A.M.M.)
| | - Antonina Saija
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical, and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno D’Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy; (A.S.); (F.C.); (C.M.); (G.N.)
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DNMT3a-Mediated Enterocyte Barrier Dysfunction Contributes to Ulcerative Colitis via Facilitating the Interaction of Enterocytes and B Cells. Mediators Inflamm 2022; 2022:4862763. [PMID: 35574272 PMCID: PMC9106515 DOI: 10.1155/2022/4862763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Dysfunction of the enterocyte barrier is associated with the development of ulcerative colitis (UC). This study was aimed at exploring the effect of DNMT3a on enterocyte barrier function in the progression of UC and the underlying mechanism. Method Mice were given 3.5% dextran sodium sulphate (DSS) in drinking water to induce colitis. The primary intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) were isolated and treated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to establish an in vitro inflammatory model. We detected mouse clinical symptoms, histopathological damage, enterocyte barrier function, B cell differentiation, DNA methylation level, and cytokine production. Subsequently, the effect of DNMT3a from IECs on B cell differentiation was explored by a cocultural experiment. Result DSS treatment significantly reduced the body weight and colonic length, increased disease activity index (DAI), and aggravated histopathological damage. In addition, DSS treatment induced downregulation of tight junction (TJ) protein, anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-10 and TGF-β), and the number of anti-inflammatory B cells (CD1d+) in intestinal epithelial tissues, while upregulated proinflammatory cytokines (IL-6 and TNF-α), proinflammatory B cells (CD138+), and DNA methylation level. Further in vitro results revealed that DNMT3a silencing or TNFSF13 overexpression in IECs partly abolished the result of LPS-induced epithelial barrier dysfunction, as well as abrogated the effect of IEC-regulated B cell differentiation, while si-TACI transfection reversed these effects. Moreover, DNMT3a silencing decreased TNFSF13 methylation level and induced CD1d+ B cell differentiation, and the si-TNFSF13 transfection reversed the trend of B cell differentiation but did not affect TNFSF13 methylation level. Conclusion Our study suggests that DNMT3a induces enterocyte barrier dysfunction to aggravate UC progression via TNFSF13-mediated interaction of enterocyte and B cells.
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HO-1/CO Maintains Intestinal Barrier Integrity through NF- κB/MLCK Pathway in Intestinal HO-1 -/- Mice. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:6620873. [PMID: 34104309 PMCID: PMC8159651 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6620873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2020] [Revised: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Background Intestinal barrier injury is an important contributor to many diseases. We previously found that heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and carbon monoxide (CO) protect the intestinal barrier. This study is aimed at elucidating the molecular mechanisms of HO-1/CO in barrier loss. Materials and Methods We induced gut leakiness by injecting carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) to wildtype or intestinal HO-1-deficient mice. In addition, we administrated tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) to cells with gain- or loss-of-HO-1 function. The effects of HO-1/CO maintaining intestinal barrier integrity were investigated in vivo and in vitro. Results Cobalt protoporphyrin and CO-releasing molecule-2 alleviated colonic mucosal injury and TNF-α levels; upregulated tight junction (TJ) expression; and inhibited epithelial IκB-α degradation and phosphorylation, NF-κB p65 phosphorylation, long MLCK expression, and MLC-2 phosphorylation after administration of CCl4. Zinc protoporphyrin completely reversed these effects. These findings were further confirmed in vitro, using Caco-2 cells with gain- or loss-of-HO-1-function after TNF-α. Pretreated with JSH-23 (NF-κB inhibitor) or ML-7 (long MLCK inhibitor), HO-1 overexpression prevented TNF-α-induced TJ disruption, while HO-1 shRNA promoted TJ damage even in the presence of JSH-23 or ML-7, thus suggesting that HO-1 dependently protected intestinal barrier via the NF-κB p65/MLCK/p-MLC-2 pathway. Intestinal HO-1-deficient mice further demonstrated the effects of HO-1 in maintaining intestinal barrier integrity and its relative mechanisms. Alleviated hepatic fibrogenesis and serum ALT levels finally confirmed the clinical significance of HO-1/CO repairing barrier loss in liver injury. Conclusion HO-1/CO maintains intestinal barrier integrity through the NF-κB/MLCK pathway. Therefore, the intestinal HO-1/CO-NF-κB/MLCK system is a potential therapeutic target for diseases with a leaky gut.
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Wang Y, Liu J, Huang Z, Li Y, Liang Y, Luo C, Ni C, Xie J, Su Z, Chen J, Li C. Coptisine ameliorates DSS-induced ulcerative colitis via improving intestinal barrier dysfunction and suppressing inflammatory response. Eur J Pharmacol 2021; 896:173912. [PMID: 33508280 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2021.173912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis (UC), as an autoimmune disease, has been troubling human health for many years. Up to now, the available treatments remain unsatisfactory. Rhizoma Coptidis has been widely applied to treat gastrointestinal diseases in China for a long time, and coptisine (COP) is identified as one of its major active components. This study aimed to evaluate the bioactivity of COP on dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced mice colitis and clarify the potential mechanism of action. The results revealed that COP treatment markedly alleviated DSS-induced clinical symptoms by relieving body weight loss and the disease activity index (DAI) score. Specifically, the colon length in the COP (50 and 100 mg/kg) groups were obviously longer than that in the DSS group (7.21 ± 0.34, 8.59 ± 0.45 cm vs. 6.71 ± 0.59 cm, P < 0.01). HE staining analysis revealed that COP treatment significantly protected the integrity of intestinal barrier and alleviated inflammatory cells infiltration. Western blot assay confirmed that COP notably improved the intestinal epithelial barrier function by enhancing the expressions of colonic tight junction proteins and inhibited the expressions of apoptosis-related proteins. In addition, COP treatment remarkably suppressed the levels of colonic myeloperoxidase (MPO), adhesion molecules and pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-17), while enhanced IL-10 and TGF-β. The mechanism anti-inflammatory of COP might be related to inhibiting the phosphorylation of IκBα, and the translocation of NF-κB p65 from cytoplasm to nucleus. In summary, the study indicated that COP ameliorated DSS-induced colitis, at least partly through maintaining the integrity of intestinal epithelial barrier, inhibiting apoptosis and inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongfu Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Development and Research of Chinese Medicine, Mathematical Engineering Academy of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China; First School of Clinical Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, PR China
| | - Jingjing Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Development and Research of Chinese Medicine, Mathematical Engineering Academy of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Ziwei Huang
- First School of Clinical Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, PR China
| | - Yucui Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Development and Research of Chinese Medicine, Mathematical Engineering Academy of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Yuanyuan Liang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Development and Research of Chinese Medicine, Mathematical Engineering Academy of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Chaodan Luo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Development and Research of Chinese Medicine, Mathematical Engineering Academy of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China; Guangxi Institute of Subtropical Agricultural Products Processing, Guangxi Subtropical Crops Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, 530001, PR China
| | - Chen Ni
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Development and Research of Chinese Medicine, Mathematical Engineering Academy of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Jianhui Xie
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Research on Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510120, PR China
| | - Ziren Su
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Development and Research of Chinese Medicine, Mathematical Engineering Academy of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Jiannan Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Development and Research of Chinese Medicine, Mathematical Engineering Academy of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China.
| | - Cailan Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Zunyi Medical University, Zhuhai Campus, Zhuhai, 519041, PR China.
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Zhang Z, Zhang Q, Li F, Xin Y, Duan Z. Contributions of HO-1-Dependent MAPK to Regulating Intestinal Barrier Disruption. Biomol Ther (Seoul) 2021; 29:175-183. [PMID: 33093265 PMCID: PMC7921856 DOI: 10.4062/biomolther.2020.112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2020] [Revised: 08/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway controls intestinal epithelial barrier permeability by regulating tight junctions (TJs) and epithelial cells damage. Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and carbon monoxide (CO) protect the intestinal epithelial barrier function, but the molecular mechanism is not yet clarified. MAPK activation and barrier permeability were studied using monolayers of Caco-2 cells treated with tissue necrosis factor α (TNF-α) transfected with FUGW-HO-1 or pLKO.1-sh-HO-1 plasmid. Intestinal mucosal barrier permeability and MAPK activation were also investigated using carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) administration with CoPP (a HO-1 inducer), ZnPP (a HO-1 inhibitor), CO releasing molecule 2 (CORM-2), or inactived-CORM-2-treated wild-type mice and mice with HO-1 deficiency in intestinal epithelial cells. TNF-α increased epithelial TJ disruption and cleaved caspase-3 expression, induced ERK, p38, and JNK phosphorylation. In addition, HO-1 blocked TNF-α-induced increase in epithelial TJs disruption, cleaved caspase-3 expression, as well as ERK, p38, and JNK phosphorylation in an HO-1-dependent manner. CoPP and CORM-2 directly ameliorated intestinal mucosal injury, attenuated TJ disruption and cleaved caspase-3 expression, and inhibited epithelial ERK, p38, and JNK phosphorylation after chronic CCl4 injection. Conversely, ZnPP completely reversed these effects. Furthermore, mice with intestinal epithelial HO-1 deficient exhibited a robust increase in mucosal TJs disruption, cleaved caspase-3 expression, and MAPKs activation as compared to the control group mice. These data demonstrated that HO-1-dependent MAPK signaling inhibition preserves the intestinal mucosal barrier integrity by abrogating TJ dysregulation and epithelial cell damage. The differential targeting of gut HO-1-MAPK axis leads to improved intestinal disease therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenling Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian116011, China
| | - Qiuping Zhang
- Department of Pathology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116011, China
| | - Fang Li
- Department of Immunology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Yi Xin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Zhijun Duan
- Department of Gastroenterology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian116011, China
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Koval L, Zemskaya N, Aliper A, Zhavoronkov A, Moskalev A. Evaluation of the geroprotective effects of withaferin A in Drosophila melanogaster. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:1817-1841. [PMID: 33498013 PMCID: PMC7880378 DOI: 10.18632/aging.202572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Withanolides are a class of compounds usually found in plant extracts which are an attractive geroprotective drug design starting point. We evaluated the geroprotective properties of Withaferin A (WA) in vivo using the Drosophila model. Flies were supplemented by nutrient medium with WA (at a concentration of 1, 10, or 100 μM dissolved in ethanol) for the experiment group and 30 μM of ethanol for the control group. WA treatment at 10 and 100 μM concentrations prolong the median life span of D. melanogaster's male by 7.7, 9.6% (respectively) and the maximum life span (the age of death 90% of individuals) by 11.1% both. Also WA treatment at 1, 10 and 100 μM improved the intestinal barrier permeability in older flies and affected an expression of genes involved in antioxidant defense (PrxV), recognition of DNA damage (Gadd45), heat shock proteins (Hsp68, Hsp83), and repair of double-strand breaks (Ku80). WA was also shown to have a multidirectional effect on the resistance of flies to the prooxidant paraquat (oxidative stress) and 33° C hyperthermia (heat shock). WA treatment increased the resistance to oxidative stress in males at 4 and 7 week old and decreased it at 6 weeks old. It increased the male's resistance to hyperthermia at 2, 4 and 7 weeks old and decreased it at 3, 5 and 8 weeks old. WA treatment decreased the resistance to hyperthermia in females at 1, 2 and 3 weeks old and not affected on their resistance to oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liubov Koval
- Institute of Biology, Komi Science Centre, the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Syktyvkar, Komi Republic, Russia
| | - Nadezhda Zemskaya
- Institute of Biology, Komi Science Centre, the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Syktyvkar, Komi Republic, Russia
| | - Alexander Aliper
- Deep Longevity Ltd, Hong Kong Science and Technology Park, Hong Kong, China
| | - Alex Zhavoronkov
- Deep Longevity Ltd, Hong Kong Science and Technology Park, Hong Kong, China
| | - Alexey Moskalev
- Institute of Biology, Komi Science Centre, the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Syktyvkar, Komi Republic, Russia
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Puentes-Pardo JD, Moreno-SanJuan S, Carazo Á, León J. Heme Oxygenase-1 in Gastrointestinal Tract Health and Disease. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9121214. [PMID: 33276470 PMCID: PMC7760122 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9121214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) is the rate-limiting enzyme of heme oxidative degradation, generating carbon monoxide (CO), free iron, and biliverdin. HO-1, a stress inducible enzyme, is considered as an anti-oxidative and cytoprotective agent. As many studies suggest, HO-1 is highly expressed in the gastrointestinal tract where it is involved in the response to inflammatory processes, which may lead to several diseases such as pancreatitis, diabetes, fatty liver disease, inflammatory bowel disease, and cancer. In this review, we highlight the pivotal role of HO-1 and its downstream effectors in the development of disorders and their beneficial effects on the maintenance of the gastrointestinal tract health. We also examine clinical trials involving the therapeutic targets derived from HO-1 system for the most common diseases of the digestive system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose D. Puentes-Pardo
- Research Unit, Instituto de Investigacion Biosanitaria de Granada, ibs.GRANADA, 18012 Granada, Spain
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, 18011 Granada, Spain
- Correspondence: (J.D.P.-P.); (J.L.); Tel.: +34-958-023-706 (J.L.)
| | - Sara Moreno-SanJuan
- Cytometry and Microscopy Research Service, Instituto de Investigacion Biosanitaria de Granada, ibs.GRANADA, 18012 Granada, Spain;
| | - Ángel Carazo
- Genomic Research Service, Instituto de Investigacion Biosanitaria de Granada, ibs.GRANADA, 18012 Granada, Spain;
| | - Josefa León
- Research Unit, Instituto de Investigacion Biosanitaria de Granada, ibs.GRANADA, 18012 Granada, Spain
- Clinical Management Unit of Digestive Disease, San Cecilio University Hospital, 18016 Granada, Spain
- Correspondence: (J.D.P.-P.); (J.L.); Tel.: +34-958-023-706 (J.L.)
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Luo R, Zhang J, Zhang X, Zhou Z, Zhang W, Zhu Z, Liu H, Wang L, Zhong Z, Fu H, Jing B, Peng G. Bacillus subtilis HH2 ameliorates TNBS-induced colitis by modulating gut microbiota composition and improving intestinal barrier function in rabbit model. J Funct Foods 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2020.104167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
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18
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Benarba B, Pandiella A. Medicinal Plants as Sources of Active Molecules Against COVID-19. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:1189. [PMID: 32848790 PMCID: PMC7427466 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.01189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-related Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) or novel coronavirus (COVID-19) infection has been declared world pandemic causing a worrisome number of deaths, especially among vulnerable citizens, in 209 countries around the world. Although several therapeutic molecules are being tested, no effective vaccines or specific treatments have been developed. Since the COVID-19 outbreak, different traditional herbal medicines with promising results have been used alone or in combination with conventional drugs to treat infected patients. Here, we review the recent findings regarding the use of natural products to prevent or treat COVID-19 infection. Furthermore, the mechanisms responsible for this preventive or therapeutic effect are discussed. We conducted literature research using PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, and WHO website. Dissertations and theses were not considered. Only the situation reports edited by the WHO were included. The different herbal products (extracts) and purified molecules may exert their anti-SARS-CoV-2 actions by direct inhibition of the virus replication or entry. Interestingly, some products may block the ACE-2 receptor or the serine protease TMPRRS2 required by SARS-CoV-2 to infect human cells. In addition, natural products were shown to inhibit the SARS-CoV-2 life-cycle related proteins such as papain-like or chymotrypsin-like proteases. In conclusion, we suggest that natural products could be used alone or in combination as alternative medicines to treat/prevent COVID-19 infection. Moreover, their structures may offer clues for the development of anti-SARS-CoV-2 drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bachir Benarba
- Laboratory Research on Biological Systems and Geomatics, Faculty of Nature and Life Sciences, University of Mascara, Mascara, Algeria,*Correspondence: Bachir Benarba,
| | - Atanasio Pandiella
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer, CSIC-IBSAL-Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
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19
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Saikosaponin-d ameliorates dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis by suppressing NF-κB activation and modulating the gut microbiota in mice. Int Immunopharmacol 2020; 81:106288. [PMID: 32062075 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.106288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Revised: 01/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Saikosaponin-d (SSd), extracts from Bupleurum falcatum L, exhibits anti-inflammatory and anti-infectious activities. However, the effect of SSd on intestinal inflammation has not been investigated. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of SSd on dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced ulcerative colitis (UC) mice, and to elucidate the underlying mechanisms. UC was induced in mice by administrating 3% DSS in drinking water for 7 days. SSd (4 mg/kg and 8 mg/kg) was administered by gavage every day during the experimental process. The results showed that SSd treatment (8 mg/kg) significantly ameliorated UC mice by decreasing disease activity index (DAI), increasing colon length and improving pathological characteristics. SSd treatment (8 mg/kg) significantly suppressed the mRNA levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines including TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β, increased that of anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10. Furthermore, SSd (8 mg/kg) suppressed the activation of NF-κB by decreasing the degradation and phosphorylation of IκB. SSd (8 mg/kg) also protected the intestinal barrier by increasing the mRNA levels of mucin (Muc1 and Muc2) and the protein levels of zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) and Claudin-1. The 16S rDNA gene high-throughput sequencing revealed that SSd treatment (8 mg/kg) increased the alpha diversity and regulated the structure of gut microbiota in UC mice. Taken together, our findings demonstrated that SSd (8 mg/kg) improved DSS-induced intestinal inflammation by inhibiting NF-κB activation and regulated the gut microbiota.
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Vargas-Robles H, Castro-Ochoa KF, Citalán-Madrid AF, Schnoor M. Beneficial effects of nutritional supplements on intestinal epithelial barrier functions in experimental colitis models in vivo. World J Gastroenterol 2019; 25:4181-4198. [PMID: 31435172 PMCID: PMC6700707 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v25.i30.4181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Revised: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute and chronic colitis affect a huge proportion of the population world-wide. The etiology of colitis cases can be manifold, and diet can significantly affect onset and outcome of colitis. While many forms of acute colitis are easily treatable, chronic forms of colitis such as ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease (summarized as inflammatory bowel diseases) are multifactorial with poorly understood pathogenesis. Inflammatory bowel diseases are characterized by exacerbated immune responses causing epithelial dysfunction and bacterial translocation. There is no cure and therapies aim at reducing inflammation and restoring intestinal barrier function. Unfortunately, most drugs can have severe side effects. Changes in diet and inclusion of nutritional supplements have been extensively studied in cell culture and animal models, and some supplements have shown promising results in clinical studies. Most of these nutritional supplements including vitamins, fatty acids and phytochemicals reduce oxidative stress and inflammation and have shown beneficial effects during experimental colitis in rodents induced by dextran sulphate sodium or 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid, which remain the gold standard in pre-clinical colitis research. Here, we summarize the mechanisms through which such nutritional supplements contribute to epithelial barrier stabilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hilda Vargas-Robles
- Department for Molecular Biomedicine, Cinvestav-IPN, Mexico City 07360, Mexico
| | | | | | - Michael Schnoor
- Department for Molecular Biomedicine, Cinvestav-IPN, Mexico City 07360, Mexico
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Britto SL, Krishna M, Kellermayer R. Weight loss is a sufficient and economical single outcome measure of murine dextran sulfate sodium colitis. FASEB Bioadv 2019; 1:493-497. [PMID: 32123846 PMCID: PMC6996316 DOI: 10.1096/fba.2019-00035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Revised: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD: Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis) are becoming common around the world without a cure. Animal models of colitis have become instrumental in IBD research. The dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) induced murine colitis model is likely the most utilized due to its simplicity and reproducibility with over 4000 publications on PubMed, where weight loss is the most commonly used and reliable positive correlate. We predicted at current state of art, that the DSS colitis model can be optimized by using weight loss as a single cost‐saving outcome measure. Twenty recent and consecutive publications using the DSS model in PubMed were selected for review. Guarded cost estimations for additional outcome measures of colitis beyond weight loss were performed. In all manuscripts (100%), weight loss corroborated the conclusions. Average excess cost for examining additional measures of colitis was approximately $6700 per publication. Two studies (10.5%) were estimated to have spent over $20,000 in excess. Additional measures of colitis either supported the final conclusions found with weight loss, or lead to indeterminate results. Potential annual savings from following our guidance were calculated to be over $60,000 for and IBD lab. We conclude that weight loss is a sufficient, objective, and economical outcome measure of DSS‐induced colitis in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Savini Lanka Britto
- Section of Pediatric Gastroenterology Texas Children's Hospital Baylor College of Medicine Houston Texas
| | - Mahesh Krishna
- Section of Pediatric Gastroenterology Texas Children's Hospital Baylor College of Medicine Houston Texas
| | - Richard Kellermayer
- Section of Pediatric Gastroenterology Texas Children's Hospital Baylor College of Medicine Houston Texas.,USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center Houston Texas
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Song L, Xie W, Liu Z, Guo D, Zhao D, Qiao X, Wang L, Zhou H, Cui W, Jiang Y, Li Y, Xu Y, Tang L. Oral delivery of a Lactococcus lactis strain secreting bovine lactoferricin-lactoferrampin alleviates the development of acute colitis in mice. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2019; 103:6169-6186. [PMID: 31165225 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-019-09898-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Revised: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic relapsing disease. Treatment of UC would benefit from specific targeting of therapeutics to the intestine. Previous studies have demonstrated that bovine lactoferricin and lactoferrampin have bactericidal, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory effects. Here, we investigated whether oral administration of a bovine lactoferricin-lactoferrampin (LFCA)-encoding Lactococcus lactis (LL-LFCA) strain could alleviate experimental colitis. LFCA derived from LL-LFCA inhibited the growth of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus in vitro. In mice, administration of LL-LFCA decreased the disease activity index and attenuated dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced body weight loss and colon shortening. LL-LFCA treatment also ameliorated DSS-induced colon damage, inhibited inflammatory cell infiltration, significantly decreased myeloperoxidase activity, and ameliorated DSS-induced disruption of intestinal permeability and tight junctions. In addition, 16S rDNA sequencing showed that LL-LFCA reversed DSS-induced gut dysbiosis. The production of proinflammatory mediators in serum and the colon was also reduced by administration of LL-LFCA. In vitro, LFCA derived from LL-LFCA decreased the messenger RNA expression of proinflammatory factors. The underlying mechanisms may involve inhibition of the nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) pathway. The results demonstrate that LL-LFCA ameliorates DSS-induced intestinal injury in mice, suggesting that LL-LFCA might be an effective drug for the treatment of inflammatory bowel diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liying Song
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Chang Jiang Road No. 600, Xiang Fang District, Harbin, China
| | - Weichun Xie
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Chang Jiang Road No. 600, Xiang Fang District, Harbin, China
| | - Zhihang Liu
- Bio-pharmaceutical Lab, College of Life Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Dian Guo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Chang Jiang Road No. 600, Xiang Fang District, Harbin, China
| | - Dongfang Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Chang Jiang Road No. 600, Xiang Fang District, Harbin, China
| | - Xinyuan Qiao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Chang Jiang Road No. 600, Xiang Fang District, Harbin, China.,Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, Chang Jiang Road No. 600, Xiang Fang District, Harbin, China
| | - Li Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Chang Jiang Road No. 600, Xiang Fang District, Harbin, China.,Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, Chang Jiang Road No. 600, Xiang Fang District, Harbin, China
| | - Han Zhou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Chang Jiang Road No. 600, Xiang Fang District, Harbin, China.,Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, Chang Jiang Road No. 600, Xiang Fang District, Harbin, China
| | - Wen Cui
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Chang Jiang Road No. 600, Xiang Fang District, Harbin, China.,Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, Chang Jiang Road No. 600, Xiang Fang District, Harbin, China
| | - Yanping Jiang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Chang Jiang Road No. 600, Xiang Fang District, Harbin, China.,Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, Chang Jiang Road No. 600, Xiang Fang District, Harbin, China
| | - Yijing Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Chang Jiang Road No. 600, Xiang Fang District, Harbin, China.,Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, Chang Jiang Road No. 600, Xiang Fang District, Harbin, China
| | - Yigang Xu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Chang Jiang Road No. 600, Xiang Fang District, Harbin, China. .,Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, Chang Jiang Road No. 600, Xiang Fang District, Harbin, China.
| | - Lijie Tang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Chang Jiang Road No. 600, Xiang Fang District, Harbin, China. .,Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, Chang Jiang Road No. 600, Xiang Fang District, Harbin, China.
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Li J, Zhou J, Tian B, Chu Y, Zhang N, Hu X, Wan X, Ye Y. Activation of HO-1 protects placental cells function in oxidative stress via regulating ZO-1/occludin. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 511:903-909. [PMID: 30851935 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.02.144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
We previously confirmed that Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor-2 (Nrf2) and heme oxygenase (HO-1) play synergistic roles in the pathogenesis of preeclampsia. To further explore the function of HO-1 in the pathogenesis of preeclampsia, we established oxidative stress models respectively with human first-trimester trophoblast/simian virus (HTR8/SVneo) and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and then assessed the effect of HO-1 on the two cell lines in oxidative stress conditions. The cell oxidative stress models were incubated with Hemin (an inducer of HO-1), then, the HTR8/SVneo cells were transfected by ZO-1 small interfering RNA (siRNA). The HTR-8/SVneo invasive abilities were detected, and the tube formation abilities of HUVECs were measured. HO-1 and tight junction proteins zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) and occludin in the cells were detected. In both the trophoblastic and HUVEC oxidative stress models, HO-1、ZO-1 and occludin were increased incubated with Hemin. Meanwhile, HTR-8/SVneo cells incubated with Hemin showed increased invasion function against the destruction of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Similarly, the tube formation ability of HUVECs incubated with Hemin was increased. The above-mentioned effects were disappeared after HTR-8/SVneo cells were transfected by ZO-1 siRNA. These results suggest that HO-1 protects the function of placental cells in oxidative stress via regulating ZO-1/occludin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Jun Zhou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Baogang Tian
- Department of Radiology, Zhangqiu People's Hospital, Jinan, China
| | - Yijing Chu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Ning Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiaoyu Hu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xin Wan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yuanhua Ye
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.
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