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Tsampoukas G, Tharakan T, Narayan Y, Khan F, Cayetano A, Papatsoris A, Buchholz N, Minhas S. Investigating the therapeutic options for diabetes-associated male infertility as illustrated in animal experimental models. Andrologia 2022; 54:e14521. [PMID: 35934995 DOI: 10.1111/and.14521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 05/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes is a rising global health concern and an increasingly common cause of male infertility. Although the definitive pathophysiological mechanisms underpinning the association between diabetes and infertility is unclear, there are several animal studies showing diabetes to be a detrimental factor on reproductive health through apoptosis, oxidative stress and impairment of steroidogenesis. Furthermore, as reflected in animal models, antidiabetic strategies and relevant treatments are beneficial in the management of infertile men with diabetes as the recovery of euglycemic status affects positively the spermatogenesis. However, the available data are still evolving and specific conclusion in human populations are not possible yet. In this review, we are discussing the current literature concerning the association of diabetes and male infertility, focusing on the therapeutic approach as illustrated in animals' models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgios Tsampoukas
- U-merge Ltd. (Urology for emerging countries), London, UK.,Department of Urology, Great Western Hospital NHS Trust, Swindon, UK
| | - Tharu Tharakan
- Department of Urology, Imperial Healthcare NHS Trust, Charing Cross Hospital, London, UK.,Section of Investigative Medicine, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Yash Narayan
- Department of Surgery, Cairns Hospital, Cairns North, Queensland, Australia
| | - Faisal Khan
- Department of Urology, North Devon Hospital, Barnstaple, UK
| | - Axel Cayetano
- Department of Urology, Imperial Healthcare NHS Trust, Charing Cross Hospital, London, UK
| | - Athanasios Papatsoris
- U-merge Ltd. (Urology for emerging countries), London, UK.,Department of Urology, Sismanoglio University Hospital of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Noor Buchholz
- U-merge Ltd. (Urology for emerging countries), London, UK
| | - Suks Minhas
- Department of Urology, Imperial Healthcare NHS Trust, Charing Cross Hospital, London, UK
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Huang Y, Ashaolu TJ, Olatunji OJ. Micronized Dietary Okara Fiber: Characterization, Antioxidant, Antihyperglycemic, Antihyperlipidemic, and Pancreato-Protective Effects in High Fat Diet/Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetes Mellitus. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:19764-19774. [PMID: 35722005 PMCID: PMC9202274 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c01541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a lifelong devastating and debilitating disease with serious chronic complications. Okara is a byproduct generated from soymilk or tofu production and it has been reported to have antioxidant and lipid-lowering effects. However, the antidiabetic effects and pancreatic β-cells' secretory functions of micronized okara fiber (MOF) have not been reported. Therefore, this study explored the antidiabetic effects and modulatory potentials of MOF on pancreatic β-cells' secretory functions in a high fat/high sugar/streptozotocin rat model of diabetes mellitus. Fiber-rich okara was prepared by removing fat and proteins from freshly obtained okara, followed by micronization. Fiber-rich okara was prepared, micronized, and characterized for hydrophobicity, thermal stability, structure-function relationship, and antioxidant potentials. We then established a rat model of DM and MOF and two doses (100 and 400 mg kg-1) were administered to see its anti-DM effect. Four weeks of MOF supplementation significantly reduced blood glucose, increased serum insulin level, improved hepatorenal functions, glucose tolerance, and regenerated pancreatic β-cells in the treated DM rats. Furthermore, MOF significantly improved the pancreatic antioxidant defense system by significantly elevating glutathione peroxidase, catalase, and superoxide dismutase activities while depleting the malonaldehyde level in the pancreas of the treated diabetic rats. Our results indicated that MOF ameliorated DM by impeding hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, and oxidative stress and enhancing the secretory functions of the beta cells, suggesting that MOF might be used as a protective nutrient in DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanping Huang
- Department
of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Anhui Medical College, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Tolulope Joshua Ashaolu
- Institute
of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, Da Nang 550000, Vietnam
- Faculty
of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Duy Tan University, Da Nang 550000, Vietnam
| | - Opeyemi Joshua Olatunji
- Traditional
Thai Medical Research and Innovation Center, Faculty of Traditional
Thai Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai 90110, Thailand
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3
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Antimicrobial Efficacy of Edible Mushroom Extracts: Assessment of Fungal Resistance. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12094591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Antimicrobial efficacy of the water or methanolic extracts of three medicinal mushrooms Taiwanofungus camphoratus, Agaricus blazei Murrill, and Ganoderma lucidum (Curtis) P. Karst were investigated against yeast and filamentous fungal pathogens as well as against commensal and pathogenic bacteria. The methanolic extract of T. camphoratus (TcM) exhibited both potent antifungal and antibacterial activity, while the water extract of T. camphoratus (TcW) showed limited antibacterial activity against Listeria monocytogenes. Neither the methanolic nor water extracts of A. blazei and G. lucidum exhibited antimicrobial activity. In the risk assessment testing monitoring the development of fungal tolerance to mushroom extracts in food matrices, two P. expansum mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) mutants exhibited a tolerance to TcM. In a proof-of-concept bioassay using the natural benzoic salicylaldehyde (SA), P. expansum and A. fumigatus MAPK antioxidant mutants showed similar tolerance to SA, suggesting that natural ingredients in TcM such as benzoic derivatives could negatively affect the efficacy of TcM when antioxidant mutants are targeted. Conclusion: TcM could be developed as a food ingredient having antimicrobial potential. The antimicrobial activity of TcM operates via the intact MAPK antioxidant signaling system in microbes, however, mutants lacking genes in the MAPK system escape the toxicity triggered by TcM. Therefore, caution should be exercised in the use of TcM so as to not adversely affect food safety and quality by triggering the resistance of antioxidant mutants in contaminated food.
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Su RC, Leu JG, Chen YH, Chen CY, Yang YF, Yen CC, Chou SH, Liang YJ. Topical Application of Antrodia cinnamomea Ointment in Diabetic Wound Healing. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:life12040507. [PMID: 35454998 PMCID: PMC9027955 DOI: 10.3390/life12040507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The number of diagnosed diabetic patients is increasing worldwide. Many people with diabetes develop wounds that are slow to, or never, heal, which can lead to serious health issues. Diabetes causes long-term excessive blood glucose buildup in human body, which leads to an over-reactive inflammatory response and excessive oxidative stress. As a result, varied wound healing effects were observed according to different circumstances and stage of healing. We used two diabetic wound animal models to analyze the wound healing effect of Antrodia cinnamomea ointment in either topical application and/or oral administration, and explored its mechanism by Western blot analysis. The results showed that topical Antrodia cinnamomea treatment can significantly promote wound healing. The increased expressions of angiopoietin 1 and angiopoietin 2 protein and reduction of CD68 expression were found around wound area. Simultaneous treatment of oral and topical Antrodia cinnamomea ointment did not show an accelerated healing effect in our animal model. This study is the first report to demonstrate the effect of topical application of Antrodia cinnamomea ointment on diabetic wounds healing, and its relationship with angiogenesis. This may also open a new field for future development and application of Taiwan Antrodia cinnamomea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruey-Chih Su
- Department of Life Science, Fu-Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 242062, Taiwan; (R.-C.S.); (Y.-H.C.); (S.-H.C.)
- Graduate Institute of Applied Science and Engineering, Fu-Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 242062, Taiwan; (C.-Y.C.); (Y.-F.Y.); (C.-C.Y.)
| | - Jyh-Gang Leu
- School of Medicine, Fu-Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 242062, Taiwan;
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Shin Kong Wu Ho-Su Memorial Hospital, Taipei 111, Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Hsin Chen
- Department of Life Science, Fu-Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 242062, Taiwan; (R.-C.S.); (Y.-H.C.); (S.-H.C.)
| | - Chao-Yi Chen
- Graduate Institute of Applied Science and Engineering, Fu-Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 242062, Taiwan; (C.-Y.C.); (Y.-F.Y.); (C.-C.Y.)
| | - Yi-Feng Yang
- Graduate Institute of Applied Science and Engineering, Fu-Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 242062, Taiwan; (C.-Y.C.); (Y.-F.Y.); (C.-C.Y.)
| | - Chih-Cheng Yen
- Graduate Institute of Applied Science and Engineering, Fu-Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 242062, Taiwan; (C.-Y.C.); (Y.-F.Y.); (C.-C.Y.)
| | - Shiu-Huey Chou
- Department of Life Science, Fu-Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 242062, Taiwan; (R.-C.S.); (Y.-H.C.); (S.-H.C.)
- Graduate Institute of Applied Science and Engineering, Fu-Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 242062, Taiwan; (C.-Y.C.); (Y.-F.Y.); (C.-C.Y.)
| | - Yao-Jen Liang
- Department of Life Science, Fu-Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 242062, Taiwan; (R.-C.S.); (Y.-H.C.); (S.-H.C.)
- Graduate Institute of Applied Science and Engineering, Fu-Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 242062, Taiwan; (C.-Y.C.); (Y.-F.Y.); (C.-C.Y.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-2-2905-3593
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Kuang Y, Chai Y, Su H, Lo JY, Qiao X, Ye M. A network pharmacology-based strategy to explore the pharmacological mechanisms of Antrodia camphorata and antcin K for treating type II diabetes mellitus. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 96:153851. [PMID: 34823968 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2021.153851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 10/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetes mellitus is a chronic carbohydrate metabolism disorder, which could develop a series of complications and thus lead to poor quality of life or even mortality. Antrodia camphorata is a rare parasitic fungus and has been proven to be effective for treating type II diabetes. PURPOSE This study aims to evaluate the anti-diabetic activities of A. camphorata and its main compound antcin K, as well as to demonstrate the mechanisms. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS Network pharmacology was used to explore the potential targets of 12 major compounds of A. camphorata on diabetes. The core targets were analyzed by protein-protein interactions and the key pathways were enriched by Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG). The anti-diabetic effects of A. camphorata and antcin K were evaluated using a high-fat diet (HFD)-induced diabetic mice model and oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). The mRNA expressions were assessed using qPCR. RESULTS Network pharmacology revealed 17 core targets between the 12 compounds and diabetes. The insulin resistance and NF-κB signaling pathways were enriched using KEGG. Five insulin resistance-related targets were focused on and antcin K (1/2) was discovered in the compound-target-pathway network. In vivo studies exhibited that A. camphorata and antcin K could dose-dependently reduce blood levels of glucose and lipids, decrease serum levels of insulin and leptin, and increase serum levels of adiponectin in HFD mice (p < 0.05). The mechanism could be through modulating the expressions of Tnfα, Il6, and Pparγ. The OGTT test also showed the down-regulatory effects of A. camphorata and antcin K on blood glucose. CONCLUSION This study demonstrates that A. camphorata and its major compound antcin K possess potent anti-diabetic effects. The mechanism may be through the insulin resistance pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Kuang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yue Chai
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Huifei Su
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Jen-Yu Lo
- Honest and Humble Biotechnology Co., Ltd., 72 Dazhong Street, New Taipei City 251, Taiwan
| | - Xue Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, China.
| | - Min Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, China; Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences of Ministry of Education, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, China; Yunnan Baiyao International Medical Research Center, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, China.
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6
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Noh S, Go A, Kim DB, Park M, Jeon HW, Kim B. Role of Antioxidant Natural Products in Management of Infertility: A Review of Their Medicinal Potential. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:E957. [PMID: 33036328 PMCID: PMC7600260 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9100957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Infertility, a couple's inability to conceive after one year of unprotected regular intercourse, is an important issue in the world. The use of natural products in the treatment of infertility has been considered as a possible alternative to conventional therapies. The present study aimed to investigate the effects and the mechanisms of various natural products on infertility. We collected articles regarding infertility and natural products using the research databases PubMed and Google Scholar. Several natural products possess antioxidant properties and androgenic activities on productive factors and hormones. Antioxidants are the first defense barrier against free radicals produced by oxidative stress (OS). They remove reactive oxygen stress (ROS), reducing insulin resistance, total cholesterol, fat accumulation, and cancer growth. Moreover, various natural products increase endometrial receptivity and fertility ability showing androgenic activities on productive factors and hormones. For example, Angelica keiskei powder and Astragalus mongholicus extract showed anti-infertility efficacies in males and females, respectively. On the other hand, adverse effects and acute toxicity of natural products were also reported. Tripterygium glycoside decreased fertility ability both in males and females. Results indicate that management of infertility with natural products could be beneficial with further clinical trials to evaluate the safety and effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seungjin Noh
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Hoegi-dong Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 05253, Korea; (S.N.); (A.G.); (D.B.K.); (M.P.)
| | - Ara Go
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Hoegi-dong Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 05253, Korea; (S.N.); (A.G.); (D.B.K.); (M.P.)
| | - Da Bin Kim
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Hoegi-dong Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 05253, Korea; (S.N.); (A.G.); (D.B.K.); (M.P.)
| | - Minjeong Park
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Hoegi-dong Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 05253, Korea; (S.N.); (A.G.); (D.B.K.); (M.P.)
| | - Hee Won Jeon
- Department of Pathology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Hoegi-dong Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 05253, Korea;
| | - Bonglee Kim
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Hoegi-dong Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 05253, Korea; (S.N.); (A.G.); (D.B.K.); (M.P.)
- Department of Pathology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Hoegi-dong Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 05253, Korea;
- Korean Medicine-Based Drug Repositioning Cancer Research Center, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Hoegi-dong Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 05253, Korea
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7
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Makinde EA, Radenahmad N, Adekoya AE, Olatunji OJ. Tiliacora triandra extract possesses antidiabetic effects in high fat diet/streptozotocin-induced diabetes in rats. J Food Biochem 2020; 44:e13239. [PMID: 32281660 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Revised: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The antidiabetic properties of Tiliacora triandra ethanol extract in diabetic rats induced with high-fat diet (HFD)/streptozotocin (STZ) was investigated. Rats were fed with HFD for 4 weeks to induced insulin resistance, and thereafter administered with 35 mg/kg of STZ to induce diabetes. Diabetic rats received 100 and 400 mg/kg of T. triandra daily for 30 days. The body weight, blood glucose level, food and fluid intake were monitored. Furthermore, biochemical and histological assessment was performed to evaluate the hypoglycemic effect of the extract in the treated rats. T. triandra significantly decreased the blood glucose level, increased the body weight and insulin secretion. Furthermore, T. triandra attenuated hyperlipidemia, improved liver and kidney functions of treated diabetic rats. Thus, T. triandra could effectively attenuate diabetes and it complications. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Tiliacora triandra is a common vegetable consumed in Thailand and Laos. It is traditionally employed in the treatment of fever, cancer, malaria, and diabetes. The extract from the aerial part was investigated for its antidiabetic properties. The results obtained provides important pharmacological information that supports the use of T. triandra in management of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nisaudah Radenahmad
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Thailand
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Alabi TD, de Villiers C, du Plessis SS, Monsees TK, Brooks NL, Oguntibeju OO. The Beneficial Role of Anchomanes difformis in STZ-Induced Reproductive Dysfunction in Male Wistar Rats. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2020; 13:4543-4560. [PMID: 33262627 PMCID: PMC7698316 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s270783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Progression of diabetes mellitus has increasingly led to several diabetic complications. Diabetes is one of the major factors implicated in male reproductive system damage. Recent approaches such as the use of medicinal plants have been explored in the management of diabetes and associated complications. Anchomanes difformis (common name: children's umbrella) has been shown to possess anti-diabetic ability in animal model. Therefore, this study seeks to investigate the potency of Achomanes difformis in ameliorating diabetes-induced reproductive dysfunction. METHODS Type 2 diabetes was induced in male Wistar rats with 10% fructose administration for 2 weeks and an intraperitoneal injection of 40mg/kgBW of streptozotocin. Aqueous extract (200mg and 400mg/kgBW) of Anchomanes difformis leaves was administered daily for 6 weeks. The rats were randomly divided into 7 groups with a minimum of eight rats in each (8 rats in normal groups and 10 in diabetic groups). The impact of diabetes and treatment was investigated by estimating sperm concentration, motility indices, viability and morphological parameters in the normal, treatment controls and diabetic rats using CASA-SCA system. Histological examination of the testes and epididymis was performed. RESULTS Diabetes induction resulted in significant decrease in sperm concentration, viability and some motility parameters with 40% abnormalities in sperm morphology. The administration of Anchomanes difformis significantly increased sperm concentration and sperm viability, while it significantly improved the percentage of morphologically normal sperm in diabetic rats. Anchomanes difformis ameliorated testicular damage such as vacuolization and loss of germinal epithelium in the diabetic-treated rats when compared to the diabetic controls. CONCLUSION The potency Anchomanes difformis displayed against diabetic-induced damage in the reproductive system might be a new and promising tool in the management of male reproductive dysfunctions and associated complications in diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toyin Dorcas Alabi
- Phytomedicine & Phytochemistry Group, Oxidative Stress Research Centre, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Wellness Sciences, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Bellville, South Africa
| | - Charon de Villiers
- PUDAC-Delft Animal Facility, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town7505, South Africa
| | - Stephan S du Plessis
- Division of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg7505, South Africa
| | - Thomas K Monsees
- Department of Medical Biosciences, University of the Western Cape, Bellville7535, South Africa
| | - Nicole L Brooks
- Faculty of Health and Wellness Sciences, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Oluwafemi Omoniyi Oguntibeju
- Phytomedicine & Phytochemistry Group, Oxidative Stress Research Centre, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Wellness Sciences, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Bellville, South Africa
- Correspondence: Oluwafemi Omoniyi Oguntibeju Tel +27 219538495 Email
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Wang C, Zhang W, Wong JH, Ng T, Ye X. Diversity of potentially exploitable pharmacological activities of the highly prized edible medicinal fungus Antrodia camphorata. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2019; 103:7843-7867. [PMID: 31407039 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-019-10016-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Revised: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Antrodia camphorata, also known as A. cinnamomea, is a precious medicinal basidiomycete fungus endemic to Taiwan. This article summarizes the recent advances in research on the multifarious pharmacological effects of A. camphorata. The mushroom exhibits anticancer activity toward a large variety of cancers including breast, cervical, ovarian, prostate, bladder, colorectal, pancreatic, liver, and lung cancers; melanoma; leukemia; lymphoma; neuroblastoma; and glioblastoma. Other activities encompass antiinflammatory, antiatopic dermatitis, anticachexia, immunoregulatory, antiobesity, antidiabetic, antihyperlipidemic, antiatherosclerotic, antihypertensive, antiplatelet, antioxidative, antiphotodamaging, hepatoprotective, renoprotective, neuroprotective, testis protecting, antiasthmatic, osteogenic, osteoprotective, antiviral, antibacterial, and wound healing activities. This review aims to provide a reference for further development and utilization of this highly prized mushroom.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caicheng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, Fujian, China.,Key Laboratory of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, Fujian, China.,Fujian Key Laboratory of Plant Virology, Institute of Plant Virology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, Fujian, China
| | - Weiwei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, Fujian, China.,Key Laboratory of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, Fujian, China.,Fujian Key Laboratory of Plant Virology, Institute of Plant Virology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, Fujian, China
| | - Jack Ho Wong
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
| | - Tzibun Ng
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xiujuan Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, Fujian, China. .,Key Laboratory of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, Fujian, China. .,Fujian Key Laboratory of Plant Virology, Institute of Plant Virology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, Fujian, China.
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