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Pérez-Ramírez R, Moreno-Ramírez YDR, Ruiz-De-La-Cruz G, Juárez-Aragón MC, Aguirre-Mancilla CL, Niño-García N, Torres-Castillo JA. Piquin chili, a wild spice: natural variation in nutraceutical contents. Front Nutr 2024; 11:1360299. [PMID: 38685953 PMCID: PMC11057463 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1360299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
The piquin chili is a wild spice widely consumed from the South United States to Central America and stands out as a source of flavonoids, essential metabolites with antioxidant properties. The concentrations of flavonoids, carotenoids, and capsaicinoids vary according to regions, maturity stages, and ripening processes. These compounds, which are known for their health benefits and industrial applications, highlight the importance of identifying ideal environmental conditions for collecting fruits with the highest contents. Comprehensive studies of the piquin chili are essential for understanding its properties for the benefit of consumers. This approach fortifies trade, contributes to resource conservation, and advances cultivated chili production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rogelio Pérez-Ramírez
- Instituto de Ecología Aplicada, Universidad Autónoma de Tamaulipas, Ciudad Victoria, Tamaulipas, Mexico
| | | | - Gilberto Ruiz-De-La-Cruz
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Animal, Centro de Biotecnología Genómica, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Reynosa, Tamaulipas, Mexico
| | - María Cruz Juárez-Aragón
- Instituto de Ecología Aplicada, Universidad Autónoma de Tamaulipas, Ciudad Victoria, Tamaulipas, Mexico
| | | | - Nohemí Niño-García
- Unidad Académica Multidisciplinaria Mante Centro, Universidad Autónoma de Tamaulipas, Ciudad Mante, Tamaulipas, Mexico
| | - Jorge Ariel Torres-Castillo
- Instituto de Ecología Aplicada, Universidad Autónoma de Tamaulipas, Ciudad Victoria, Tamaulipas, Mexico
- Unidad Académica Multidisciplinaria Mante Centro, Universidad Autónoma de Tamaulipas, Ciudad Mante, Tamaulipas, Mexico
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Das S, Tamang JP. Metagenomics and metabolomics of Toddy, an Indian fermented date palm beverage. Food Res Int 2023; 172:113205. [PMID: 37689952 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.113205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023]
Abstract
Toddy is a popular fermented palm beverage of India. No scientific information on shotgun metagenomics and metabolomics are available on toddy of India till date. Hence, we choose the fermented date palm beverage, locally called khejur toddy, of West Bengal and Jharkhand states of India, to profile microbial community, their targeted and untargeted metabolites to study the putative bio-functional genes corresponding to regulatory metabolic pathways. Shotgun-based metataxonomic analyses revealed the existence of all domains where bacteria were the most abundant domain (94.48%) followed by eukaryotes (3.38%), viruses (1.53%) and archaea (0.61%). Overall, 54 phyla, 363 families, 1087 genera and 1885 species were observed and identified. Bacillota (49.3%) was the most abundant bacterial phylum. At species level, several species of bacteria and yeasts were detected in toddy samples which included Leuconostoc mesenteroides,Leuconostoc citreum,Lactobacillus helveticus,Lactiplantibacillus plantarum,Lactococcus lactis, Acetobacter malorum, Gluconobacter japonicus, Gluconacetobacter liquefaciens, Fructobacillus durionis, Zymomonas mobilis and yeastsSaccharomyces cerevisiae, Hanseniaspora uvarumandHanseniaspora guilliermondii. Toddy metagenome was also compared with metagenome of pulque, the Mexican fermented fresh sap ofAgave, which was retrieved from NCBI database, and also with metagenomic data of some amplicon-based previous studies on toddy and African fermented palm drink for similarity, dissimilarity and uniqueness among them. Predictive biosynthesis of ethanol, acetic acid, butanoate, linalool, staurosporine, prodigiosin, folic acid, riboflavin, etc. were annotated by KEGG/COG database. Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) analysis detected 23 arrays (average length 23.69 bp ± 4.28). Comprehensive Antibiotic Resistance Database (CARD) analysis did not show the presence of any momentous antibiotic resistance gene among the major microbial members. Metabolomics analysis detected many primary and secondary metabolites. We believe this is the first report on complete shotgun metagenomics, and metabolomics of fermented palm drink of India as well as Eastern India.
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Affiliation(s)
- Souvik Das
- Department of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Sikkim University, Gangtok, 737102 Sikkim, India
| | - Jyoti Prakash Tamang
- Department of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Sikkim University, Gangtok, 737102 Sikkim, India.
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Shamsheer R, Sunoqrot S, Kasabri V, Shalabi D, Alkhateeb R, Alhiari Y, Ababneh R, Ikhmais B, Abumansour H. Preparation and Characterization of Capsaicin Encapsulated Polymeric Micelles and Studies of Synergism with Nicotinic Acids as Potential Anticancer Nanomedicines. JOURNAL OF PHARMACY AND BIOALLIED SCIENCES 2023; 15:107-125. [PMID: 37705853 PMCID: PMC10496848 DOI: 10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_311_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background/Objective/Methods Capsaicin micelles were prepared by the direct dissolution using the amphiphilic copolymer Pluronic P123 and advanced for substantially novel submicro-nanocytotoxicity. Results Superior cytotoxicity of capsaicin loaded nanomicelles vs. both the raw capsaicin and reference cisplatin in pancreatic PANC1, breast MCF7, colorectal resistant CACO2, skin A375, lung A549 and prostate PC3 cancer cell lines were delineated. Nicotinic acid (NA) derivative 39 (2-Amino IsoNA) had antiinflammatory potential but consistently lacked antiproliferation in MCF7, PANC1 and CACO2. Besides NA derivatives 8 (5-MethylNA) and 44 (6-AminoNA) exhibited lack of antiinflammation but had comparable antitumorigenesis potency to cisplatin in PANC1 cells. Though capsaicin loaded nanomicelles exerted pronounced antiinflammation (with IC50 value of 510 nM vs. Indomethacin's) in lipopolysacchride-induced inflammation of RAW247.6 macrophages; they lacked DPPH scavenging propensities. Free capsaicin proved more efficacious vs. its loaded nanocarriers to chemosensitize cytotoxicity of combinations with NAs 1(6-Hexyloxy Nicotinic Acid), 5(6-OctyloxyNA), 8(5-MethylNA), 12(6-Thien-2yl-NA), 13(5,6-DichloroNA) and 44(6-AminoNA) in CACO2, PANC1 and prostate PC3. Conclusion Capsaicin loaded nanomicelles proved more efficacious vs. free capsaicin to chemo-sensitize antiproliferation of cotreatments with NA derivatives, 1, 5, 8, 12, 13 and 44 (in skin A375), 1, 5, 8 and 12 (in breast MCF7), and 1, 5, 12 and 44 (in lung A549).
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Affiliation(s)
- Rawan Shamsheer
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Biopharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Suhair Sunoqrot
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, AL-Zaytoonah University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Violet Kasabri
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Biopharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Dana Shalabi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Biopharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Rema Alkhateeb
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Biopharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Yusuf Alhiari
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Biopharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, AL-Zaytoonah University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Riad Ababneh
- Physics Department, Yarmouk University, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Balqis Ikhmais
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, AL-Zaytoonah University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Hamza Abumansour
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, AL-Zaytoonah University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
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Soriano-Correa C, Pérez de la Luz A, Sainz-Díaz CI. Adsorption of Capsaicin into the Nanoconfined Interlayer Space of Montmorillonite by DFT Calculations. J Pharm Sci 2023; 112:798-807. [PMID: 36354079 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2022.10.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Capsaicin is the main compound responsible of the hot sense of the chili fruits. This compound has interesting therapeutic properties including anticancer, anti-inflammatory effects, and analgesic. However, its use has several secondary effects, such as skin irritation and allergies. Then, new therapeutic strategies are searched in order to overcome these problems. Montmorillonite has proved to be an excellent excipient for the release of pharmaceutical drugs. In this work, the molecular structure and crystal structure of capsaicin, and the adsorption of this molecule into the interlayer space of montmorillonite have been studied using quantum mechanical calculations based on Density Functional Theory (DFT) level of theory and molecular dynamics simulations. The crystal structure has been predicted with these calculations and the intermolecular interactions have been determined with a higher resolution than the previous experimental data. The adsorption of capsaicin into the confined interlayer space of montmorillonite is energetically favourable with low and high octahedral charge. This adsorption can be monitored by IR spectroscopy observing frequency shifts in some bands during the adsorption. This enhances the use of these clay minerals for capsaicin therapeutic formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catalina Soriano-Correa
- Instituto Andaluz de Ciencias de la Tierra, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad de Granada, Av. de las Palmeras, 4, 18100-Armilla, Granada, Spain; Unidad de Química Computacional, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Zaragoza, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Iztapalapa, C.P. 09230 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Alexander Pérez de la Luz
- Instituto Andaluz de Ciencias de la Tierra, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad de Granada, Av. de las Palmeras, 4, 18100-Armilla, Granada, Spain; Departamento de Química, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, Av. San Rafael Atlixco 186, Col. Vicentina, Mexico City, 09340, Mexico
| | - C Ignacio Sainz-Díaz
- Instituto Andaluz de Ciencias de la Tierra, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad de Granada, Av. de las Palmeras, 4, 18100-Armilla, Granada, Spain.
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Cheng P, Wu J, Zong G, Wang F, Deng R, Tao R, Qian C, Shan Y, Wang A, Zhao Y, Wei Z, Lu Y. Capsaicin shapes gut microbiota and pre-metastatic niche to facilitate cancer metastasis to liver. Pharmacol Res 2023; 188:106643. [PMID: 36608780 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2022.106643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Dietary factors are fundamental in tumorigenesis throughout our lifetime. A spicy diet has been ambiguous on the development of cancers, especially in the study of colon cancer metastasis. Here, we utilized a mouse metastasis model to test the potential role of capsaicin in influencing metastasis. Long-term continuous administration of capsaicin diet (300 mg/kg) to mice promotes the formation of liver pre-metastatic niche to facilitate the metastasis of colon cancer cells. Bacteria translocation to liver is clearly observed. Capsaicin increases intestinal barrier permeability and disrupts gut vascular barrier by altering the composition of gut microbiota. Capsaicin not only changes the abundance of mucin-related bacteria like Akkermanisa and Muribaculaceae, but also bacteria involved in bile acids metabolism. Dysregulated bile acids profile is related to the recruitment of natural killer T (NKT) cells in pre-metastatic niche, primary bile acid α-Muricholic acid can enhance the recruitment of NKT cells, while secondary bile acids Glycoursodeoxycholic acid and Taurohyodeoxycholic acid impair the recruitment of NKT cells. These findings reveal long term consumption of capsaicin increases the risk of cancer metastasis through modulating the gut microbiota. Capsaicin (300 mg/kg) disrupts gut barrier and promotes the translocation of bacteria to liver, while altered bile acids metabolism affects the recruitment of NKT cells in liver, forming a pre-metastatic niche and promoting cancer metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Cheng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Jiawei Wu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Gangfan Zong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Feihui Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Rui Deng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Ruizhi Tao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Cheng Qian
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yunlong Shan
- Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Aiyun Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China; Jiangsu Joint International Research Laboratory of Chinese Medicine and Regenerative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yang Zhao
- School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Zhonghong Wei
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China; Jiangsu Joint International Research Laboratory of Chinese Medicine and Regenerative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Yin Lu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China; Jiangsu Joint International Research Laboratory of Chinese Medicine and Regenerative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) Prevention and Treatment of Tumor, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China.
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6
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Costa J, Sepúlveda M, Gallardo V, Cayún Y, Santander C, Ruíz A, Reyes M, Santos C, Cornejo P, Lima N, Santos C. Antifungal Potential of Capsaicinoids and Capsinoids from the Capsicum Genus for the Safeguarding of Agrifood Production: Advantages and Limitations for Environmental Health. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10122387. [PMID: 36557640 PMCID: PMC9788535 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10122387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Opportunistic pathogenic fungi arise in agricultural crops as well as in surrounding human daily life. The recent increase in antifungal-resistant strains has created the need for new effective antifungals, particularly those based on plant secondary metabolites, such as capsaicinoids and capsinoids produced by Capsicum species. The use of such natural compounds is well-aligned with the One Health approach, which tries to find an equilibrium among people, animals, and the environment. Considering this, the main objective of the present work is to review the antifungal potential of capsaicinoids and capsinoids, and to evaluate the environmental and health impacts of biofungicides based on these compounds. Overall, capsaicinoids and their analogues can be used to control pathogenic fungi growth in plant crops, as eco-friendly alternatives to pest management, and assist in the conservation and long-term storage of agrifood products. Their application in different stages of the agricultural and food production chains improves food safety, nutritional value, and overcomes antimicrobial resistance, with a lower associated risk to humans, animals, and the environment than that of synthetic fungicides and pesticides. Nevertheless, research on the effect of these compounds on bee-like beneficial insects and the development of new preservatives and packaging materials is still necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jéssica Costa
- Departamento de Biologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas-ICB, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Av. Rodrigo Otávio Jordão Ramos 3000, Bloco 01, Manaus 69077-000, AM, Brazil
| | - Marcela Sepúlveda
- Department of Chemical Science and Natural Resources, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811-230, Chile
| | - Víctor Gallardo
- Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias de Recursos Naturales, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811-230, Chile
| | - Yasna Cayún
- Department of Chemical Science and Natural Resources, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811-230, Chile
| | - Christian Santander
- Department of Chemical Science and Natural Resources, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811-230, Chile
- Environmental Engineering and Biotechnology Group, Faculty of Environmental Science and EULA-Chile Center, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción 4070-411, Chile
| | - Antonieta Ruíz
- Department of Chemical Science and Natural Resources, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811-230, Chile
| | - Marjorie Reyes
- Department of Chemical Science and Natural Resources, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811-230, Chile
| | - Carla Santos
- CEB-Centre of Biological Engineering, Micoteca da Universidade do Minho (MUM), University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
- LABBELS (Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães), University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Pablo Cornejo
- Escuela de Agronomía, Facultad de Ciencias Agronómicas y de los Alimentos, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Quillota 2260-000, Chile
| | - Nelson Lima
- CEB-Centre of Biological Engineering, Micoteca da Universidade do Minho (MUM), University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
- LABBELS (Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães), University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Cledir Santos
- Department of Chemical Science and Natural Resources, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811-230, Chile
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +56-452-596-726
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Merritt JC, Richbart SD, Moles EG, Cox AJ, Brown KC, Miles SL, Finch PT, Hess JA, Tirona MT, Valentovic MA, Dasgupta P. Anti-cancer activity of sustained release capsaicin formulations. Pharmacol Ther 2022; 238:108177. [PMID: 35351463 PMCID: PMC9510151 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2022.108177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Capsaicin (trans-8-methyl-N-vanillyl-6-noneamide) is a hydrophobic, lipophilic vanilloid phytochemical abundantly found in chili peppers and pepper extracts. Several convergent studies show that capsaicin displays robust cancer activity, suppressing the growth, angiogenesis and metastasis of several human cancers. Despite its potent cancer-suppressing activity, the clinical applications of capsaicin as a viable anti-cancer drug have remained problematic due to its poor bioavailability and aqueous solubility properties. In addition, the administration of capsaicin is associated with adverse side effects like gastrointestinal cramps, stomach pain, nausea and diarrhea and vomiting. All these hurdles may be circumvented by encapsulation of capsaicin in sustained release drug delivery systems. Most of the capsaicin-based the sustained release drugs have been tested for their pain-relieving activity. Only a few of these formulations have been investigated as anti-cancer agents. The present review describes the physicochemical properties, bioavailability, and anti-cancer activity of capsaicin-sustained release agents. The asset of such continuous release capsaicin formulations is that they display better solubility, stability, bioavailability, and growth-suppressive activity than the free drug. The encapsulation of capsaicin in sustained release carriers minimizes the adverse side effects of capsaicin. In summary, these capsaicin-based sustained release drug delivery systems have the potential to function as novel chemotherapies, unique diagnostic imaging probes and innovative chemosensitization agents in human cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin C Merritt
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25755, United States
| | - Stephen D Richbart
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25755, United States
| | - Emily G Moles
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25755, United States
| | - Ashley J Cox
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25755, United States
| | - Kathleen C Brown
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25755, United States
| | - Sarah L Miles
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25755, United States
| | - Paul T Finch
- Department of Oncology, Edwards Cancer Center, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, 1400 Hal Greer Boulevard, Huntington, WV 25755, United States
| | - Joshua A Hess
- Department of Oncology, Edwards Cancer Center, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, 1400 Hal Greer Boulevard, Huntington, WV 25755, United States
| | - Maria T Tirona
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, Edwards Cancer Center, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, 1400 Hal Greer Boulevard, Huntington, WV 25755, United States
| | - Monica A Valentovic
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25755, United States
| | - Piyali Dasgupta
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25755, United States.
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Bal S, Sharangi AB, Upadhyay TK, Khan F, Pandey P, Siddiqui S, Saeed M, Lee HJ, Yadav DK. Biomedical and Antioxidant Potentialities in Chilli: Perspectives and Way Forward. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27196380. [PMID: 36234927 PMCID: PMC9570844 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27196380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 09/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Worldwide, since ages and nowadays, traditional medicine is well known, owing to its biodiversity, which immensely contributed to the advancement and development of complementary and alternative medicines. There is a wide range of spices, herbs, and trees known for their medicinal uses. Chilli peppers, a vegetable cum spice crop, are bestowed with natural bioactive compounds, flavonoids, capsaicinoids, phytochemicals, phytonutrients, and pharmacologically active compounds with potential health benefits. Such compounds manifest their functionality over solo-treatment by operating in synergy and consortium. Co-action of these compounds and nutrients make them potentially effective against coagulation, obesity, diabetes, inflammation, dreadful diseases, such as cancer, and microbial diseases, alongside having good anti-oxidants with scavenging ability to free radicals and oxygen. In recent times, capsaicinoids especially capsaicin can ameliorate important viral diseases, such as SARS-CoV-2. In addition, capsaicin provides an ability to chilli peppers to ramify as topical agents in pain-relief and also benefitting man as a potential effective anesthetic agent. Such phytochemicals involved not only make them useful and a much economical substitute to wonder/artificial drugs but can be exploited as obscene drugs for the production of novel stuffs. The responsibility of the TRPV1 receptor in association with capsaicin in mitigating chronic diseases has also been justified in this study. Nonetheless, medicinal studies pertaining to consumption of chilli peppers are limited and demand confirmation of the findings from animal studies. In this artifact, an effort has been made to address in an accessible format the nutritional and biomedical perspectives of chilli pepper, which could precisely upgrade and enrich our pharmaceutical industries towards human well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Solanki Bal
- Department of Vegetable Science, BCKV-Agricultural University, Mohanpur 741252, India
| | - Amit Baran Sharangi
- Department of Plantation, Spices, Medicinal & Aromatic Crops, BCKV-Agricultural University, Mohanpur 741252, India
| | - Tarun Kumar Upadhyay
- Department of Biotechnology, Parul Institute of Applied Sciences and Centre of Research for Development, Parul University, Vadodara 391760, India
| | - Fahad Khan
- Department of Biotechnology, Noida Institute of Engineering & Technology, Greater Noida 201306, India
| | - Pratibha Pandey
- Department of Biotechnology, Noida Institute of Engineering & Technology, Greater Noida 201306, India
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering and Technology (SET), Sharda University, Greater Noida 201310, India
| | - Samra Siddiqui
- Department Health Services Management, College of Public Health and Health Informatics, University of Hail, Hail P.O. Box 2240, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohd Saeed
- Department of Biology, College of Sciences, University of Hail, Hail P.O. Box 2240, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hae-Jeung Lee
- Department of Food & Nutrition, College of Bionano Technology, Gachon University, 1342 Seongnamdaero, Seongnam-si 13120, Korea
- Correspondence: (H.-J.L.); (D.K.Y.)
| | - Dharmendra K. Yadav
- Department of Pharmacy, Gachon Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Hambakmoeiro 191, Gachon University, Incheon 21924, Korea
- Correspondence: (H.-J.L.); (D.K.Y.)
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Khan A, Naaz F, Basit R, Das D, Bisht P, Shaikh M, Lone BA, Pokharel YR, Ahmed QN, Parveen S, Ali I, Singh SK, Chashoo G, Shafi S. 1,2,3-Triazole Tethered Hybrid Capsaicinoids as Antiproliferative Agents Active against Lung Cancer Cells (A549). ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:32078-32100. [PMID: 36119972 PMCID: PMC9476207 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c03325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
A series of novel 1,2,3-triazole derivatives of capsaicin and its structural isomer (new natural product hybrid capsaicinoid) were synthesized by exploiting one-/two-point modification of capsaicin without altering the amide linkage (neck). The newly synthesized compounds were screened for their antiproliferative activity against an NCI panel of 60 cancer cell lines at a single dose of 10 μM. Most of the compounds have demonstrated reduced growth between 55 and 95%, whereas capsaicin (10) has shown reduced growth between 0 and 24%. Compounds showing more than 50% growth inhibition were further evaluated for the IC50 value. Among the cell lines tested, lung cancer cell lines (A549, NCI-H460) were found to be more susceptible toward most of the synthesized compounds. Compounds 14g and 14j demonstrated good antiproliferative activity in NCI-H460 with IC50 values of 6.65 and 5.55 μM, respectively, while compounds 18b, 18c, 18f, and 18m demonstrated potential antiproliferative activity in A549 cell lines with IC50 values ranging between 2.9 and 10.5 μM. Among the compounds, compound 18f was found to demonstrate the best activity with an IC50 value of 2.91 μM against A549. Furthermore, 18f induces cell cycle arrest at the S-phase and disrupts the mitochondrial membrane potential, reducing cell migration potential by inducing cellular apoptosis and higher ROS generation along with a decrease in mitochondrial membrane potential in addition to surface and nuclear morphological alterations such as a reduction in the number and shrinkage of cells coupled with nuclear blabbing indicating the sign of apoptosis of A549 non-small cell lung cancer cell lines. Compound 18f has emerged as a lead molecule and may serve as a template for further discovery of capsaicinoid scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arif Khan
- Department
of Chemistry, School of Chemical and Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, Hamdard Nagar, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Fatima Naaz
- Department
of Chemistry, School of Chemical and Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, Hamdard Nagar, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Rafia Basit
- Pharmacology
Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu 180001, India
| | - Deepak Das
- Department
of Chemistry, School of Chemical and Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, Hamdard Nagar, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Piyush Bisht
- Faculty
of Life Sciences and Biology, South Asian
University, New Delhi 110021, India
| | - Majeed Shaikh
- Natural
product and Medicinal Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu 180001, India
| | - Bilal Ahmad Lone
- Faculty
of Life Sciences and Biology, South Asian
University, New Delhi 110021, India
| | - Yuba Raj Pokharel
- Faculty
of Life Sciences and Biology, South Asian
University, New Delhi 110021, India
| | - Qazi Naveed Ahmed
- Natural
product and Medicinal Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu 180001, India
| | - Shazia Parveen
- Faculty
of Science, Chemistry Department, Taibah
University, Yanbu Branch, Yanbu 46423, Saudi
Arabia
| | - Intzar Ali
- Department
of Microbiology, Hamdard Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Shashank Kumar Singh
- Pharmacology
Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu 180001, India
| | - Gousia Chashoo
- Pharmacology
Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu 180001, India
| | - Syed Shafi
- Department
of Chemistry, School of Chemical and Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, Hamdard Nagar, New Delhi 110062, India
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10
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How Should the Worldwide Knowledge of Traditional Cancer Healing Be Integrated with Herbs and Mushrooms into Modern Molecular Pharmacology? Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15070868. [PMID: 35890166 PMCID: PMC9320176 DOI: 10.3390/ph15070868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Traditional herbal medicine (THM) is a “core” from which modern medicine has evolved over time. Besides this, one third of people worldwide have no access to modern medicine and rely only on traditional medicine. To date, drugs of plant origin, or their derivates (paclitaxel, vinblastine, vincristine, vinorelbine, etoposide, camptothecin, topotecan, irinotecan, and omacetaxine), are very important in the therapy of malignancies and they are included in most chemotherapeutic regimes. To date, 391,000 plant and 14,000 mushroom species exist. Their medical and biochemical capabilities have not been studied in detail. In this review, we systematized the information about plants and mushrooms, as well as their active compounds with antitumor properties. Plants and mushrooms are divided based on the regions where they are used in ethnomedicine to treat malignancies. The majority of their active compounds with antineoplastic properties and mechanisms of action are described. Furthermore, on the basis of the available information, we divided them into two priority groups for research and for their potential of use in antitumor therapy. As there are many prerequisites and some examples how THM helps and strengthens modern medicine, finally, we discuss the positive points of THM and the management required to transform and integrate THM into the modern medicine practice.
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11
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Huang Z, Sharma M, Dave A, Yang Y, Chen ZS, Radhakrishnan R. The Antifibrotic and the Anticarcinogenic Activity of Capsaicin in Hot Chili Pepper in Relation to Oral Submucous Fibrosis. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:888280. [PMID: 35600864 PMCID: PMC9114457 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.888280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
A burning sensation on eating spicy foods purportedly supports the role of capsaicin, an active component of chili peppers, in the etiology of oral submucous fibrosis (OSF). Although the mast cell mediators and activated P2X receptors induce a constant burning sensation through an ATP-dependent mechanism, it is the activation of the transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV-1) receptor by capsaicin that aggravates it. The molecular basis for the burning pain in OSF is thus attributable to the activation of TRPV1. There is overwhelming evidence that confirms capsaicin has more of a protective role in attenuating fibrosis and is potentially therapeutic in reversing conditions linked to collagen accumulation. The activation of TRPV-1 by capsaicin increases intracellular calcium ([Ca2+]i), upregulates AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and Sirtuin-1 (SIRT-1), to enrich endothelium-dependent vasodilation via endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS). The induction of vasodilation induces antifibrotic effects by alleviating hypoxia. The antifibrotic effects of capsaicin are mediated through the upregulation of antioxidant enzymes, downregulation of inflammatory genes and suppression of new collagen fibril formation. Capsaicin also demonstrates an anticarcinogenic effect by upregulating the cytotoxic T cells and downregulating regulatory T cells through the inhibition of angiogenesis and promotion of apoptosis. Judicious administration of capsaicin with an appropriate delivery mechanism may have therapeutic benefits in reducing pain sensation, rendering antifibrotic effects, and preventing the malignant transformation of OSF. This paper provides an overview of the molecular basis of capsaicin and its therapeutic application as an antifibrotic and anticarcinogenic agent for the treatment of OSF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoufang Huang
- Ganzhou Key Laboratory of Hematology, Department of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Mohit Sharma
- Department of Oral Pathology, SGT Dental College Hospital and Research Institute, Gurugram, India
| | - Aparna Dave
- Department of Oral Pathology, SGT Dental College Hospital and Research Institute, Gurugram, India
| | - Yuqi Yang
- College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John’s University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Zhe-Sheng Chen
- College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John’s University, New York, NY, United States,*Correspondence: Zhe-Sheng Chen, ; Raghu Radhakrishnan,
| | - Raghu Radhakrishnan
- Department of Oral Pathology, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India,*Correspondence: Zhe-Sheng Chen, ; Raghu Radhakrishnan,
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12
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Fiesel PD, Parks HM, Last RL, Barry CS. Fruity, sticky, stinky, spicy, bitter, addictive, and deadly: evolutionary signatures of metabolic complexity in the Solanaceae. Nat Prod Rep 2022; 39:1438-1464. [PMID: 35332352 DOI: 10.1039/d2np00003b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Covering: 2000-2022Plants collectively synthesize a huge repertoire of metabolites. General metabolites, also referred to as primary metabolites, are conserved across the plant kingdom and are required for processes essential to growth and development. These include amino acids, sugars, lipids, and organic acids. In contrast, specialized metabolites, historically termed secondary metabolites, are structurally diverse, exhibit lineage-specific distribution and provide selective advantage to host species to facilitate reproduction and environmental adaptation. Due to their potent bioactivities, plant specialized metabolites attract considerable attention for use as flavorings, fragrances, pharmaceuticals, and bio-pesticides. The Solanaceae (Nightshade family) consists of approximately 2700 species and includes crops of significant economic, cultural, and scientific importance: these include potato, tomato, pepper, eggplant, tobacco, and petunia. The Solanaceae has emerged as a model family for studying the biochemical evolution of plant specialized metabolism and multiple examples exist of lineage-specific metabolites that influence the senses and physiology of commensal and harmful organisms, including humans. These include, alcohols, phenylpropanoids, and carotenoids that contribute to fruit aroma and color in tomato (fruity), glandular trichome-derived terpenoids and acylsugars that contribute to plant defense (stinky & sticky, respectively), capsaicinoids in chilli-peppers that influence seed dispersal (spicy), and steroidal glycoalkaloids (bitter) from Solanum, nicotine (addictive) from tobacco, as well as tropane alkaloids (deadly) from Deadly Nightshade that deter herbivory. Advances in genomics and metabolomics, coupled with the adoption of comparative phylogenetic approaches, resulted in deeper knowledge of the biosynthesis and evolution of these metabolites. This review highlights recent progress in this area and outlines opportunities for - and challenges of-developing a more comprehensive understanding of Solanaceae metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul D Fiesel
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Hannah M Parks
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Robert L Last
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.,Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Cornelius S Barry
- Department of Horticulture, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.
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13
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Floriano JF, Emanueli C, Vega S, Barbosa AMP, Oliveira RGD, Floriano EAF, Graeff CFDO, Abbade JF, Herculano RD, Sobrevia L, Rudge MVC. Pro-angiogenic approach for skeletal muscle regeneration. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2021; 1866:130059. [PMID: 34793875 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2021.130059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The angiogenesis process is a phenomenon in which numerous molecules participate in the stimulation of the new vessels' formation from pre-existing vessels. Angiogenesis is a crucial step in tissue regeneration and recovery of organ and tissue function. Muscle diseases affect millions of people worldwide overcome the ability of skeletal muscle to self-repair. Pro-angiogenic therapies are key in skeletal muscle regeneration where both myogenesis and angiogenesis occur. These therapies have been based on mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), exosomes, microRNAs (miRs) and delivery of biological factors. The use of different calls of biomaterials is another approach, including ceramics, composites, and polymers. Natural polymers are use due its bioactivity and biocompatibility in addition to its use as scaffolds and in drug delivery systems. One of these polymers is the natural rubber latex (NRL) which is biocompatible, bioactive, versatile, low-costing, and capable of promoting tissue regeneration and angiogenesis. In this review, the advances in the field of pro-angiogenic therapies are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Ferreira Floriano
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu Medical School, Botucatu, São Paulo 18.618-687, Brazil; National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK.
| | - Costanza Emanueli
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Sofia Vega
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu Medical School, Botucatu, São Paulo 18.618-687, Brazil; Cellular and Molecular Physiology Laboratory (CMPL), Department of Obstetrics, Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8330024, Chile
| | | | | | | | | | - Joelcio Francisco Abbade
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu Medical School, Botucatu, São Paulo 18.618-687, Brazil
| | | | - Luis Sobrevia
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu Medical School, Botucatu, São Paulo 18.618-687, Brazil; Cellular and Molecular Physiology Laboratory (CMPL), Department of Obstetrics, Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8330024, Chile; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville E-41012, Spain; University of Queensland, Centre for Clinical Research (UQCCR), Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Queensland, Herston, QLD, 4029, Queensland, Australia; Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9713GZ Groningen, the Netherlands.
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14
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Qin J, Li H, Yu W, Wei L, Wen B. Effect of cold exposure and capsaicin on the expression of histone acetylation and Toll-like receptors in 1,2-dimethylhydrazine-induced colon carcinogenesis. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:60981-60992. [PMID: 34165751 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-14849-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies have indicated that capsaicin-rich diet and cold weather have shown strong association with tumor incidence. Thus, we investigated the effects of capsaicin and cold exposure in 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH)-induced colorectal cancer as well as the mechanisms underlying capsaicin and cold-induced CRC. Rats were randomly divided into four groups and received cold still water and capsaicin via intragastric gavage until the end of the experiment. The rat's body weight, thymus weight, and food intakes were assessed. Global levels of histone H3K9, H3K18, H3K27, and H4K16 acetylation and histone deacetylase (HDACs) in colon mucosa were assessed by western blot. Expression levels of Toll-like receptors 2 (TLR2) and Toll-like receptors 4 (TLR4) were measured by western blot and reverse-transcriptase quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). We found that cold and low-dose capsaicin increased tumor numbers and multiplicity, although there were no differences in tumor incidence. Additionally, rat exposure to cold water and capsaicin display further higher levels of histone H3 lysine 9 (H3K9AC), histone H3 lysine 18 (H3K18AC), histone H3 lysine 27 (H3K27AC), and HDACs compared with the DMH and normal rats. In contrast, a considerable decrease of histone H4 lysine 16 (H4K16AC) was detected in the colon mucosa. Cold and low-dose capsaicin exposure groups were also increased TLR2 and TLR4 protein levels and mRNA levels. These results suggest that chronic cold exposure and capsaicin at a low-dose intervention exacerbate ectopic expression of global histone acetylation and TLR level, which are crucial mechanisms responsible for the progression of colorectal cancer in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingchun Qin
- Institute of Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510000, China
| | - Huixuan Li
- National Center for Respiratory Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease & National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weitao Yu
- The Second People's Hospital Lianyungang, Lianyungang, China
| | - Li Wei
- Liuzhou Municipal Liutie Central Hospital, Liuzhou, China
| | - Bin Wen
- Institute of Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510000, China.
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15
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Culver KD, Allen JL, Shaw LN, Hicks LM. Too Hot to Handle: Antibacterial Peptides Identified in Ghost Pepper. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2021; 84:2200-2208. [PMID: 34445876 PMCID: PMC8600445 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.1c00281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Capsicum spp. (hot peppers) demonstrate a range of interesting bioactive properties spanning anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antimicrobial activities. While several species within the genus are known to produce antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), AMP sequence mining of genomic data indicates this space remains largely unexplored. Herein, in silico AMP predictions were paired with peptidomics to identify novel AMPs from the interspecific hybrid ghost pepper (Capsicum chinense × frutescens). AMP prediction algorithms revealed 115 putative AMPs within the Capsicum chinense genome, of which 14 were identified in the aerial tissue peptidome. PepSAVI-MS, de novo sequencing, and complementary approaches were used to fully molecularly characterize two novel AMPs, CC-AMP1 and CC-AMP2, including elucidation of a pyroglutamic acid post-translational modification of CC-AMP1 and disulfide bond connectivity of both. Both CC-AMP1 and CC-AMP2 have little homology with known AMPs and exhibited low μM antimicrobial activity against Gram-negative bacteria, including Escherichia coli. These findings demonstrate the complementary nature of peptidomics, bioactivity-guided discovery, and bioinformatics-based investigations to characterize plant AMP profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin D. Culver
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Jessie L. Allen
- Department of Cell Biology, Microbiology and Molecular Biology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Lindsey N. Shaw
- Department of Cell Biology, Microbiology and Molecular Biology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Leslie M. Hicks
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
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16
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Bencze N, Schvarcz C, Kriszta G, Danics L, Szőke É, Balogh P, Szállási Á, Hamar P, Helyes Z, Botz B. Desensitization of Capsaicin-Sensitive Afferents Accelerates Early Tumor Growth via Increased Vascular Leakage in a Murine Model of Triple Negative Breast Cancer. Front Oncol 2021; 11:685297. [PMID: 34336669 PMCID: PMC8317060 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.685297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
There is growing interest in the role of nerve-driven mechanisms in tumorigenesis and tumor growth. Capsaicin-sensitive afferents have been previously shown to possess antitumoral and immune-regulatory properties, the mechanism of which is currently poorly understood. In this study, we have assessed the role of these terminals in the triple negative 4T1 orthotopic mouse model of breast cancer. The ultrapotent capsaicin-analogue resiniferatoxin (RTX) was used for the selective, systemic desensitization of capsaicin-sensitive afferents. Growth and viability of orthotopically implanted 4T1 tumors were measured by caliper, in vivo MRI, and bioluminescence imaging, while tumor vascularity and protease enzyme activity were assessed using fluorescent in vivo imaging. The levels of the neuropeptides Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide (CGRP), Substance P (SP), and somatostatin were measured from tumor tissue homogenates using radioimmunoassay, while tumor structure and peritumoral inflammation were evaluated by conventional use of CD31, CD45 and CD3 immunohistology. RTX-pretreated mice demonstrated facilitated tumor growth in the early phase measured using a caliper, which was coupled with increased tumor vascular leakage demonstrated using fluorescent vascular imaging. The tumor size difference dissipated by day seven. The MRI tumor volume was similar, while the intratumoral protease enzyme activity measured by fluorescence imaging was also comparable in RTX-pretreated and non-pretreated animals. Tumor viability or immunohistopathological profile was measured using CD3, CD31, and CD45 stains and did not differ significantly from the non-pretreated control group. Intratumoral somatostatin, CGRP, and SP levels were similar in both groups. Our results underscore the beneficial, antitumoral properties of capsaicin sensitive nerve terminals in this aggressive model of breast cancer, which is presumed to be due to the inhibition of tumor vascular bed disruption. The absence of any difference in intratumoral neuropeptide levels indicates non-neural sources playing a substantial part in their expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noémi Bencze
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, University of Pécs Medical School, Pécs, Hungary.,János Szentágothai Research Centre, Molecular Pharmacology Research Team and Centre for Neuroscience, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Csaba Schvarcz
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gábor Kriszta
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, University of Pécs Medical School, Pécs, Hungary.,János Szentágothai Research Centre, Molecular Pharmacology Research Team and Centre for Neuroscience, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Lea Danics
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Éva Szőke
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, University of Pécs Medical School, Pécs, Hungary.,János Szentágothai Research Centre, Molecular Pharmacology Research Team and Centre for Neuroscience, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Péter Balogh
- Department of Immunology and Biotechnology, University of Pécs Medical School, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Árpád Szállási
- 1st Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Péter Hamar
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.,Institute for Translational Medicine, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Zsuzsanna Helyes
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, University of Pécs Medical School, Pécs, Hungary.,János Szentágothai Research Centre, Molecular Pharmacology Research Team and Centre for Neuroscience, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Bálint Botz
- János Szentágothai Research Centre, Molecular Pharmacology Research Team and Centre for Neuroscience, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary.,Department of Medical Imaging, University of Pécs, Medical School, Pécs, Hungary
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17
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Feng C, Han YH, Qi N, Li J, Sheng QH, Liu Y, Yang LL. Functional implications of PABPC1 in the development of ovarian cancer. Open Med (Wars) 2021; 16:805-815. [PMID: 34027108 PMCID: PMC8122461 DOI: 10.1515/med-2021-0278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This research aimed to probe the expression characteristics of poly(A)-binding protein cytoplasmic 1 (PABPC1) and its role on the phenotype of ovarian cancer (OC) cells and to further investigate the possible underlying mechanism. The expression of PABPC1 was analyzed according to the data from gene expression omnibus, The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Oncomine databases and the RNA sequencing data set from TCGA were downloaded for evaluating the prognostic values. We revealed that compared with the healthy samples, PABPC1 was upregulated in OC samples. High expression of PABPC1 had a connection with a shorter survival for patients with OC. Loss and gain of function assays revealed that silencing PABPC1 significantly suppressed the viability, invasion and migration of SK-OV-3 cells, while PABPC1 overexpression in A2780 cells showed the reverse outcomes. Moreover, Western blot demonstrated that silencing PABPC1 notably inactivated the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) process, while upregulation of PABPC1 promoted the mitigation of epithelial phenotype and the acquisition of mesenchymal phenotype. Taken together, PABPC1 was upregulated in OC cells and served as a carcinogene to promote the OC cell growth and invasion partly by modulating the EMT process, which implied that PABPC1 might be considered as a useful biomarker for OC therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Feng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, First Affiliated Hospital, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150040, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yan-Hua Han
- Department of Gynecology, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150040, People’s Republic of China
| | - Na Qi
- Department of Gynecology, Hainan Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Haikou City, Hainan Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jia Li
- Department of Gynecology, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150040, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qing-Hua Sheng
- Department of Plastic and Maxillofacial Surgery, Heilongjiang Provincial Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150036, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yu Liu
- Department of Plastic and Maxillofacial Surgery, Heilongjiang Provincial Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150036, People’s Republic of China
| | - Li-Li Yang
- Department of Urology, Heilongjiang Provincial Hospital, No. 82 Zhong-Shan Road, Xiang-Fang District, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150036, People’s Republic of China
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18
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Gupta R, Kapoor B, Gulati M, Kumar B, Gupta M, Singh SK, Awasthi A. Sweet pepper and its principle constituent capsiate: functional properties and health benefits. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021; 62:7370-7394. [PMID: 33951968 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1913989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Capsiate is a non-pungent analogue of capsaicin. It belongs to the family of capsinoids which are esters of vanillyl alcohol with fatty acids while capsaicin belongs to the family of capsaicinoids that are amides of vanillylamine with a variety of branched-chain fatty acids. While capsaicin is extensively reported for plethora of pharmacological actions, capsiate remains much less explored. Extracted from various species of Capsicum plant, the molecule has also been chemically synthesized via a number of synthetic and enzymatic routes. Based on its action on transient receptor potential vanilloid subfamily member 1 receptors, recent research has focused on its potential roles in treatment of obesity, metabolic disorders, cancer, cardiovascular disorders and gastro-intestinal disorders. Its toxicity profile has been reported to be much safe. The molecule, however, faces the challenge of low aqueous solubility and stability. It has been commercialized for its use as a weight loss supplement. However, the therapeutic potential of the compound which is much beyond boosting metabolism remains unexplored hitherto. This comprehensive review summarizes the studies demonstrating the therapeutic potential of capsiate in various pathological conditions. Discussed also are potential future directions for formulation strategies to develop efficient, safe and cost-effective dosage forms of capsiate to explore its role in various disease conditions. The databases investigated include Cochrane library, Medline, Embase, Pubmed and in-house databases. The search terms were "capsiate," "capsinoids," "thermogenesis," and their combinations. The articles were screened for relevance by going through their abstract. All the articles pertaining to physicochemical, physiological, pharmacological and therapeutic effects of capsiate have been included in the manuscript.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reena Gupta
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India
| | - Bhupinder Kapoor
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India
| | - Monica Gulati
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India
| | - Bimlesh Kumar
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India
| | - Mukta Gupta
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India
| | - Sachin Kumar Singh
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India
| | - Ankit Awasthi
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India
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Richbart SD, Friedman JR, Brown KC, Gadepalli RS, Miles SL, Rimoldi JM, Rankin GO, Valentovic MA, Tirona MT, Finch PT, Hess JA, Dasgupta P. Nonpungent N-AVAM Capsaicin Analogues and Cancer Therapy. J Med Chem 2021; 64:1346-1361. [PMID: 33508189 PMCID: PMC10442063 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c01679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Capsaicin displays robust growth-inhibitory activity in multiple human cancers. However, the feasibility of capsaicin as a clinically relevant anticancer drug is hampered by its adverse side effects. This concern has led to extensive research focused on the isolation and synthesis of second-generation nonpungent capsaicin analogues with potent antineoplastic activity. A major class of nonpungent capsaicin-like compounds belongs to the N-acyl-vanillylamide (N-AVAM) derivatives of capsaicin (hereafter referred as N-AVAM capsaicin analogues). This perspective discusses the isolation of N-AVAM capsaicin analogues from natural sources as well as their synthesis by chemical and enzymatic methods. The perspective describes the pharmacokinetic properties and anticancer activity of N-AVAM capsaicin analogues. The signaling pathways underlying the growth-inhibitory effects of N-AVAM capsaicin analogues have also been highlighted. It is hoped that the insights obtained in this perspective will facilitate the synthesis of a second generation of N-AVAM capsaicin analogues with improved stability and growth-suppressive activity in human cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen D Richbart
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Toxicology Research Cluster, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, 1700 Third Avenue, Huntington, West Virginia 25755, United States
| | - Jamie R Friedman
- BioAgilytix Inc., 2300 Englert Drive, Durham, North Carolina 27713, United States
| | - Kathleen C Brown
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Toxicology Research Cluster, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, 1700 Third Avenue, Huntington, West Virginia 25755, United States
| | - Rama S Gadepalli
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Thad Cochran Research Center, University of Mississippi, University Avenue, University, Mississippi 38677, United States
| | - Sarah L Miles
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Toxicology Research Cluster, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, 1700 Third Avenue, Huntington, West Virginia 25755, United States
| | - John M Rimoldi
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Thad Cochran Research Center, University of Mississippi, University Avenue, University, Mississippi 38677, United States
| | - Gary O Rankin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Toxicology Research Cluster, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, 1700 Third Avenue, Huntington, West Virginia 25755, United States
| | - Monica A Valentovic
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Toxicology Research Cluster, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, 1700 Third Avenue, Huntington, West Virginia 25755, United States
| | - Maria T Tirona
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, Edwards Cancer Center, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, 1400 Hal Greer Boulevard, Huntington, West Virginia 25755, United States
| | - Paul T Finch
- Department of Oncology, Edwards Cancer Center, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, 1400 Hal Greer Boulevard, Huntington, West Virginia 25755, United States
| | - Joshua A Hess
- Department of Oncology, Edwards Cancer Center, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, 1400 Hal Greer Boulevard, Huntington, West Virginia 25755, United States
| | - Piyali Dasgupta
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Toxicology Research Cluster, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, 1700 Third Avenue, Huntington, West Virginia 25755, United States
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Cortés-Ferré HE, Guajardo-Flores D, Romero-De La Vega G, Gutierrez-Uribe JA. Recovery of Capsaicinoids and Other Phytochemicals Involved With TRPV-1 Receptor to Re-valorize Chili Pepper Waste and Produce Nutraceuticals. FRONTIERS IN SUSTAINABLE FOOD SYSTEMS 2021. [DOI: 10.3389/fsufs.2020.588534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The hot chili pepper industry represents one of the most important staple foods in Mexico and many Asian countries. Nowadays, large amounts of waste materials are produced from the pepper supply chain that could be used as a source to obtain nutraceuticals. Among the most common and important bioactive compounds contained in pepper residues are the capsaicinoids, which are the responsible of the pungency of the pepper. Capsaicinoids, mainly capsaicin, may ameliorate obesity, gastric disorder, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, cancer, rhinitis, asthma, immune system diseases, and important viral diseases as the recent COVID-19. The aim of this review is to review the industrial process for the extraction of capsaicinoids ingredients from pepper residues and to examine the relation of the capsaicin and other chili pepper phytochemicals to prevent and treat chronic diseases explained through the key role of the TRPV1 receptor. The extraction and incorporation of these compounds into nutraceutical formulations depend mainly on the development of new methods to improve not only the yield of a particular compound but the validation of the bioactivity and phytochemical characterization.
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Wu B, Zhu J, Dai X, Ye L, Wang B, Cheng H, Wang W. Raddeanin A inhibited epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and angiogenesis in glioblastoma by downregulating β-catenin expression. Int J Med Sci 2021; 18:1609-1617. [PMID: 33746577 PMCID: PMC7976575 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.52206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Raddeanin A (RA), an oleanane-type triterpenoid saponin derived from Anemone raddeana Regel, has been found to suppress the viability and metastasis of several cancers, including GBM, through various signaling pathways. However, the mechanisms underlying the anti-GBM properties of RA have not been fully elucidated. Epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) and angiogenesis are important for the genesis and progression of GBM. These two crucial processes can be regulated by multiple molecular, including β-catenin, which has been demonstrated to act as a pro-tumorigenic molecular. In this study, we aimed to determine whether RA could suppress EMT and angiogenesis by inhibiting the action of β-catenin in GBM. We found that RA inhibited the proliferation, invasion and migratory properties of GBM cells. RA was also found to have downregulated the expressions of β-catenin and EMT-related biomarkers (N-cadherin, vimentin, and snail). In addition, the overexpression of β-catenin reversed the therapeutic effects of RA exerted on the EMT of GBM cells. RA restricted angiogenesis, as shown by the tube formation assay and CAM assay, while it downregulated VEGF levels in HUVECs. Moreover, massive β-catenin could reverse the suppression of angiogenesis induced by RA. Finally, we demonstrated that RA inhibited tumor growth and prolonged survival time in an intracranial U87 xenograft mouse model. Similar to the results in vitro, RA downregulated the expression of β-catenin, EMT makers and VEGF, and decreased vessel density in vivo. In summary, our results demonstrated that RA repressed GBM via downregulating β-catenin-mediated EMT and angiogenesis both in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingshan Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei City, Anhui Province, China 230032
| | - Jianwei Zhu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu City, Sichuan Province, 611731, China
| | - Xingliang Dai
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei City, Anhui Province, China 230032
| | - Lei Ye
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei City, Anhui Province, China 230032
| | - Bin Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei City, Anhui Province, China 230032
| | - Hongwei Cheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei City, Anhui Province, China 230032
| | - Weihong Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei City, Anhui Province, China 230032
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22
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Abstract
The transient receptor potential vanilloid-1 (TRPV1) is a non-specific cation channel known for its sensitivity to pungent vanilloid compound (i.e. capsaicin) and noxious stimuli, including heat, low pH or inflammatory mediators. TRPV1 is found in the somatosensory system, particularly primary afferent neurons that respond to damaging or potentially damaging stimuli (nociceptors). Stimulation of TRPV1 evokes a burning sensation, reflecting a central role of the channel in pain. Pharmacological and genetic studies have validated TRPV1 as a therapeutic target in several preclinical models of chronic pain, including cancer, neuropathic, postoperative and musculoskeletal pain. While antagonists of TRPV1 were found to be a valuable addition to the pain therapeutic toolbox, their clinical use has been limited by detrimental side effects, such as hyperthermia. In contrast, capsaicin induces a prolonged defunctionalisation of nociceptors and thus opened the door to the development of a new class of therapeutics with long-lasting pain-relieving effects. Here we review the list of TRPV1 agonists undergoing clinical trials for chronic pain management, and discuss new indications, formulations or combination therapies being explored for capsaicin. While the analgesic pharmacopeia for chronic pain patients is ancient and poorly effective, modern TRPV1-targeted drugs could rapidly become available as the next generation of analgesics for a broad spectrum of pain conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mircea Iftinca
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Inflammation Research Network-Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases and Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Dr NW, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Manon Defaye
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Inflammation Research Network-Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases and Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Dr NW, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Christophe Altier
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Inflammation Research Network-Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases and Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Dr NW, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 4N1, Canada.
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Rapid quantitative detection of capsaicinoids in serum based on an electrochemical immunosensor with a dual-signal amplification strategy. J Solid State Electrochem 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10008-020-04833-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Gao N, Yang F, Chen S, Wan H, Zhao X, Dong H. The role of TRPV1 ion channels in the suppression of gastric cancer development. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2020; 39:206. [PMID: 33008449 PMCID: PMC7531167 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-020-01707-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Background Although the aberrant expression and function of most Ca2+-permeable channels are known to promote gastrointestinal tumors, the association between transient receptor potential vanilloid receptor 1 (TRPV1) channels and gastric cancer (GC) has not yet been explored. Herein, we sought to determine the role of TRPV1 channels in the development of GC and to elucidate the underlying molecular mechanisms involved therein. Methods Immunohistochemistry, qPCR, Western blot, immunofluorescence assays were used to detect the mRNA and protein expression of TRPV1 in GC cells and tissues, and the clinical significance of TRPV1 in GC was also studied by clinicopathologic analysis. CCK8, colony formation, flow cytometry assays were used to detect the proliferation and survival of GC cells, while transwell assay was used to detect migration and invasion of GC cells in vitro. Tumor xenograft and peritoneal dissemination assays in nude mice were used to examine the role of TRPV1 in GC development in vivo. Results TRPV1 expression was significantly downregulated in human primary GC tissues compared to their adjacent tissues. The decreased expression of TRPV1 proteins in GC tissues was positively correlated with tumor size, histological grade, lymphatic metastasis, clinical stage, and was strongly correlated with poor prognosis of GC patients. Moreover, the expression of TRPV1 was closely correlated with Ki67, VEGFR, and E-cadherin, all of which are the well-known cancer markers for proliferation and metastasis. TRPV1 proteins were predominately expressed on the plasma membrane in several GC cell lines. TRPV1 overexpression blocked cell cycle at G1 phase to inhibit GC cell proliferation and attenuated migration and invasion of GC cells in vitro, but TRPV1 knockdown increased these parameters. TRPV1 significantly reduced gastric tumor size, number and peritoneal dissemination in vivo. Mechanistically, TRPV1 overexpression in GC cells increased [Ca2+]i, activated CaMKKβ and AMPK phosphorylation, and decreased expression of cyclin D1 and MMP2, while TRPV1 knockdown induced the opposite effects. Conclusions TRPV1 uniquely suppresses GC development through a novel Ca2+/CaMKKβ/AMPK pathway and its downregulation is correlated with poor survival of human GC patients. Thus, TRPV1 upregulation and its downstream signaling may represent a promising target for GC prevention and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nannan Gao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, China
| | - Feng Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, China
| | - Siyuan Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, China
| | - Hanxing Wan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, China
| | - Xiaoyan Zhao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, China.
| | - Hui Dong
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, China. .,Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, CA, 92093, USA.
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