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Chen Y, Chen M, Deng K. Blocking the Wnt/β‑catenin signaling pathway to treat colorectal cancer: Strategies to improve current therapies (Review). Int J Oncol 2022; 62:24. [PMID: 36579676 PMCID: PMC9854240 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2022.5472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common malignant tumor types occurring in the digestive system. The incidence of CRC has exhibits yearly increases and the mortality rate among patients with CRC is high. The Wnt/β‑catenin signaling pathway, which is associated with carcinogenesis, is abnormally activated in CRC. Most patients with CRC have adenomatous polyposis coli mutations, while half of the remaining patients have β‑catenin gene mutations. Therefore, targeting the Wnt/β‑catenin signaling pathway for the treatment of CRC is of clinical value. In recent years, with in‑depth research on the Wnt/β‑catenin signaling pathway, inhibitors have been developed that are able to suppress or hinder the development and progression of CRC. In the present review, the role of the Wnt/β‑catenin signaling pathway in CRC is summarized, the research status on Wnt/β‑catenin pathway inhibitors is outlined and potential targets for inhibition of this pathway are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxiang Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China,The Laboratory of Sichuan University-Oxford University Huaxi Gastrointestinal Cancer Centre, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Mo Chen
- Department of Gerontology, Tibetan Chengdu Branch Hospital of West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China,Department of Gerontology, Hospital of Chengdu Office of People's Government of Tibetan Autonomous Region, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China,Professor Mo Chen, Department of Gerontology, Tibetan Chengdu Branch Hospital of West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 20 Ximianqiao Cross Street, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China, E-mail:
| | - Kai Deng
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China,The Laboratory of Sichuan University-Oxford University Huaxi Gastrointestinal Cancer Centre, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China,Correspondence to: Professor Kai Deng, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 37 Guoxue Lane, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China, E-mail:
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2
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Zhao H, Ming T, Tang S, Ren S, Yang H, Liu M, Tao Q, Xu H. Wnt signaling in colorectal cancer: pathogenic role and therapeutic target. Mol Cancer 2022; 21:144. [PMID: 35836256 PMCID: PMC9281132 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-022-01616-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 253] [Impact Index Per Article: 126.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The Wnt signaling pathway is a complex network of protein interactions that functions most commonly in embryonic development and cancer, but is also involved in normal physiological processes in adults. The canonical Wnt signaling pathway regulates cell pluripotency and determines the differentiation fate of cells during development. The canonical Wnt signaling pathway (also known as the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway) is a recognized driver of colon cancer and one of the most representative signaling pathways. As a functional effector molecule of Wnt signaling, the modification and degradation of β-catenin are key events in the Wnt signaling pathway and the development and progression of colon cancer. Therefore, the Wnt signaling pathway plays an important role in the pathogenesis of diseases, especially the pathogenesis of colorectal cancer (CRC). Objective Inhibit the Wnt signaling pathway to explore the therapeutic targets of colorectal cancer. Methods Based on studying the Wnt pathway, master the biochemical processes related to the Wnt pathway, and analyze the relevant targets when drugs or inhibitors act on the Wnt pathway, to clarify the medication ideas of drugs or inhibitors for the treatment of diseases, especially colorectal cancer. Results Wnt signaling pathways include: Wnt/β-catenin or canonical Wnt signaling pathway, planar cell polarity (Wnt-PCP) pathway and Wnt-Ca2+ signaling pathway. The Wnt signaling pathway is closely related to cancer cell proliferation, stemness, apoptosis, autophagy, metabolism, inflammation and immunization, microenvironment, resistance, ion channel, heterogeneity, EMT/migration/invasion/metastasis. Drugs/phytochemicals and molecular preparations for the Wnt pathway of CRC treatment have now been developed. Wnt inhibitors are also commonly used clinically for the treatment of CRC. Conclusion The development of drugs/phytochemicals and molecular inhibitors targeting the Wnt pathway can effectively treat colorectal cancer clinically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Department of Pharmacology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Tianqi Ming
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Department of Pharmacology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Shun Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Department of Pharmacology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Shan Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Department of Pharmacology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Han Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Department of Pharmacology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Maolun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Department of Pharmacology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Qiu Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Department of Pharmacology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Haibo Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Department of Pharmacology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China.
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Wang W, Zhou L, Li Z, Lin G. Circ_0014130 is involved in the drug sensitivity of colorectal cancer through miR-197-3p/PFKFB3 axis. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2022; 37:908-918. [PMID: 35288979 DOI: 10.1111/jgh.15829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most deadly cancers in the world, with few treatments and a poor prognosis. In recent years, many circular RNAs have been studied in CRC, but the role of circ_0014130 in CRC has not been investigated. Therefore, this research is designed to investigate the impact of circ_0014130 on the resistance of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) in CRC. METHODS Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction was conducted to assess the expression of circ_0014130, microRNA-197-3p (miR-197-3p), and 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2, 6-bisphosphatase 3 (PFKFB3). The expression of PFKFB3 protein was detected by Western blot. The effect of cric_0014130 on drug resistance in CRC was verified by Cell Counting Kit-8 assay, clone formation assay, Transwell, and flow cytometry. The effect of circ_0014130 on tumor growth was evaluated by xenograft tumor model in vivo. RESULTS Circ_0014130 and PFKFB3 were increased, while miR-197-3p was reversed in CRC tissues and cells. Knocking down circ_0014130 can promote cell apoptosis, inhibit the proliferation of CRC cells, and reduced the IC50 of 5-FU. In addition, miR-197-3p inhibitors reversed the effect of si-circ_0014130 on CRC cells. Similarly, overexpression of PFKFB3 can regulate CRC cell behavior and 5-FU resistance caused by miR-197-3p. Finally, decrease of circ_0014130 was demonstrated to enhance the resistance of 5-FU in CRC tissues in vivo. CONCLUSION Circ_0014130 modulates 5-FU resistance in CRC by modulating the miR-197-3p/PFKFB3 axis, which is helpful for drug chemotherapy in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Lijiang Zhou
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Zheng Li
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Guanhong Lin
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
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4
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Yu M, Yang Y, Sykes M, Wang S. Small-Molecule Inhibitors of Tankyrases as Prospective Therapeutics for Cancer. J Med Chem 2022; 65:5244-5273. [PMID: 35306814 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c02139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Tankyrases are multifunctional poly(adenosine diphosphate-ribose) polymerases that regulate diverse biological processes including telomere maintenance and cellular signaling. These processes are often implicated in a number of human diseases, with cancer being the most prevalent example. Accordingly, tankyrase inhibitors have gained increasing attention as potential therapeutics. Since the discovery of XAV939 and IWR-1 as the first tankyrase inhibitors over two decades ago, tankyrase-targeted drug discovery has made significant progress. This review starts with an introduction of tankyrases, with emphasis placed on their cancer-related functions. Small-molecule inhibitors of tankyrases are subsequently delineated based on their distinct modes of binding to the enzymes. In addition to inhibitors that compete with oxidized nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) for binding to the catalytic domain of tankyrases, non-NAD+-competitive inhibitors are detailed. This is followed by a description of three clinically trialled tankyrase inhibitors. To conclude, some of challenges and prospects in developing tankyrase-targeted cancer therapies are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingfeng Yu
- Drug Discovery and Development, Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia 5000, Australia
| | - Yuchao Yang
- Drug Discovery and Development, Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia 5000, Australia
| | - Matthew Sykes
- Drug Discovery and Development, Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia 5000, Australia
| | - Shudong Wang
- Drug Discovery and Development, Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia 5000, Australia
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Discovery of a Novel Triazolopyridine Derivative as a Tankyrase Inhibitor. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22147330. [PMID: 34298950 PMCID: PMC8303674 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22147330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 07/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
More than 80% of colorectal cancer patients have adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) mutations, which induce abnormal WNT/β-catenin activation. Tankyrase (TNKS) mediates the release of active β-catenin, which occurs regardless of the ligand that translocates into the nucleus by AXIN degradation via the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. Therefore, TNKS inhibition has emerged as an attractive strategy for cancer therapy. In this study, we identified pyridine derivatives by evaluating in vitro TNKS enzyme activity and investigated N-([1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridin-3-yl)-1-(2-cyanophenyl)piperidine-4-carboxamide (TI-12403) as a novel TNKS inhibitor. TI-12403 stabilized AXIN2, reduced active β-catenin, and downregulated β-catenin target genes in COLO320DM and DLD-1 cells. The antitumor activities of TI-12403 were confirmed by the viability of the colorectal cancer cells and its lack of visible toxicity in DLD-1 xenograft mouse model. In addition, combined 5-FU and TI-12403 treatment synergistically inhibited proliferation to a greater extent than that in a single drug treatment. Our observations suggest that TI-12403, a novel selective TNKS1 inhibitor, may be a suitable compound for anticancer drug development.
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6
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Eupatilin Impacts on the Progression of Colon Cancer by Mitochondria Dysfunction and Oxidative Stress. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10060957. [PMID: 34203665 PMCID: PMC8232173 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10060957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Colon cancer is one of the most frequently diagnosed cancer types. Some colon cancer cases resist standard anticancer drugs. Therefore, many studies have focused on developing therapeutic supplements using natural products with low side effects and broad physiological activity. Eupatilin is a flavonoid that is mainly extracted from artemisia and promotes apoptosis in numerous cancer types. However, since the current understanding of its physiological mechanisms on colon cancer cells is insufficient, we investigated how eupatilin affects the growth of two colon cancer cell lines, namely HCT116 and HT29. Our results showed that eupatilin inhibits cell viability and induces apoptosis accompanied by mitochondrial depolarization. It also induces oxidative stress in colon cancer cells and regulates the expression of proteins involved in the endoplasmic reticulum stress and autophagic process. Moreover, eupatilin may target the PI3K/AKT and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways in colon cancer cells. It also prevents colon cancer cell invasion. Furthermore, eupatilin has a synergistic effect with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU; a standard anticancer drug) on 5-FU-resistant HCT116 cells. These results suggest that eupatilin can be developed as an adjuvant to enhance traditional anticancer drugs in colon cancer.
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7
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Phull MS, Jadav SS, Gundla R, Mainkar PS. A perspective on medicinal chemistry approaches towards adenomatous polyposis coli and Wnt signal based colorectal cancer inhibitors. Eur J Med Chem 2021; 212:113149. [PMID: 33445154 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.113149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the major causes of carcinogenic mortality in numbers only after lung and breast cancers. The mutations in adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) gene leads to formation of colorectal polyps in the colonic region and which develop as a malignant tumour upon coalition with patient related risk factors. The protein-protein interaction (PPI) of APC with Asef (A Rac specific guanine nucleotide exchange factor) overwhelms the patient's conditions by rapidly spreading in the entire colorectal region. Most mutations in APC gene occur in mutated cluster region (MCR), where it specifically binds with the cytosolic β-catenin to regulate the Wnt signalling pathway required for CRC cell adhesion, invasion, progression, differentiation and stemness in initial cell cycle phages. The current broad spectrum perspective is attempted to elaborate the sources of identification, development of selective APC inhibitors by targeting emopamil-binding protein (EBP) & dehydrocholesterol reductase-7 & 24 (DHCR-7 & 24); APC-Asef, β-catenin/APC, Wnt/β-catenin, β-catenin/TCF4 PPI inhibitors with other vital Wnt signal cellular proteins and APC/Pol-β interface of colorectal cancer. In this context, this perspective would serve as a platform for design of new medicinal agents by targeting cellular essential components which could accelerate anti-colorectal potential candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manjinder Singh Phull
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, GITAM (Deemed to Be University), Hyderabad, 502329, Telangana, India
| | - Surender Singh Jadav
- Department of Organic Synthesis & Process Chemistry, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Tarnaka, Hyderabad, 500007, Telangana, India
| | - Rambabu Gundla
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, GITAM (Deemed to Be University), Hyderabad, 502329, Telangana, India
| | - Prathama S Mainkar
- Department of Organic Synthesis & Process Chemistry, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Tarnaka, Hyderabad, 500007, Telangana, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, Utter Pradesh, India.
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8
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Zhang C, Zhao Y, Yang Y, Zhong C, Ji T, Duan J, Wang Y. RNAi mediated silencing of Nanog expression suppresses the growth of human colorectal cancer stem cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2021; 534:254-260. [PMID: 33288197 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.11.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer in the world known for its poor recurrence-free prognosis. Previous studies have shown that it is closely linked with cancer stem cells (CSCs), which have self-renewal potential and the capacity to differentiate into diverse populations. Nanog is an important transcription factor that functions to maintain the self-renewal and proliferation of embryonic stem cells; however, many recent studies have shown that Nanog is also highly expressed in many cancer stem cells. To investigate whether Nanog plays a crucial role in maintaining the stemness of colorectal CSCs, RNA interference was used to downregulate Nanog expression in the CRC stem cell line, EpCAM+CD44+HCT-116 cells (CCSCs). We examined the anti-tumor function of Nanog in vitro and in vivo, using small interfering RNA. Our results revealed that the Nanog mRNA expression level in CCSCs was higher than that in HCT-116 cells. We found that the depletion of Nanog inhibited proliferation and promoted apoptosis in CCSCs. In addition, the invasive ability of CCSCs was markedly restricted when Nanog was silenced by small interfering RNA. Furthermore, we found that the silencing of Nanog decreased tumor size and weight and improved the survival rate of tumor-bearing mice. In conclusion, these findings collectively demonstrate that Nanog, which is highly expressed in CRC stem cells, is a key factor in the development of tumor growth, and it may serve as a potential marker of prognosis and a novel and effective therapeutic target for the treatment of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Zhang
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130021, China; Institute of Oceanography, Minjiang University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350108, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhao
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130021, China
| | - Yongjing Yang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Hospital of Jilin Province, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Chunlian Zhong
- Institute of Oceanography, Minjiang University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350108, China
| | - Tianju Ji
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130021, China
| | - Jinyue Duan
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130021, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130021, China.
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Massaro C, Safadeh E, Sgueglia G, Stunnenberg HG, Altucci L, Dell’Aversana C. MicroRNA-Assisted Hormone Cell Signaling in Colorectal Cancer Resistance. Cells 2020; 10:cells10010039. [PMID: 33396628 PMCID: PMC7823834 DOI: 10.3390/cells10010039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Revised: 12/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite substantial progress in cancer therapy, colorectal cancer (CRC) is still the third leading cause of cancer death worldwide, mainly due to the acquisition of resistance and disease recurrence in patients. Growing evidence indicates that deregulation of hormone signaling pathways and their cross-talk with other signaling cascades inside CRC cells may have an impact on therapy resistance. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small conserved non-coding RNAs thatfunction as negative regulators in many gene expression processes. Key studies have identified miRNA alterations in cancer progression and drug resistance. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview and assessment of miRNAs role in hormone signaling pathways in CRC drug resistance and their potential as future targets for overcoming resistance to treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Crescenzo Massaro
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Via De Crecchio, 7, 80138 Naples, Italy; (C.M.); (E.S.); (G.S.)
| | - Elham Safadeh
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Via De Crecchio, 7, 80138 Naples, Italy; (C.M.); (E.S.); (G.S.)
| | - Giulia Sgueglia
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Via De Crecchio, 7, 80138 Naples, Italy; (C.M.); (E.S.); (G.S.)
| | | | - Lucia Altucci
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Via De Crecchio, 7, 80138 Naples, Italy; (C.M.); (E.S.); (G.S.)
- Correspondence: (L.A.); (C.D.); Tel.: +39-081-566-7564 (L.A.); +39-081-566-7566 (C.D.)
| | - Carmela Dell’Aversana
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Via De Crecchio, 7, 80138 Naples, Italy; (C.M.); (E.S.); (G.S.)
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology “Gaetano Salvatore” (IEOS)-National Research Council (CNR), Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
- Correspondence: (L.A.); (C.D.); Tel.: +39-081-566-7564 (L.A.); +39-081-566-7566 (C.D.)
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10
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Zhu GX, Gao D, Shao ZZ, Chen L, Ding WJ, Yu QF. Wnt/β‑catenin signaling: Causes and treatment targets of drug resistance in colorectal cancer (Review). Mol Med Rep 2020; 23:105. [PMID: 33300082 PMCID: PMC7723170 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2020.11744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common malignant tumor in humans. Chemotherapy is used for the treatment of CRC. However, the effect of chemotherapy remains unsatisfactory due to drug resistance. Growing evidence has shown that the presence of highly metastatic tumor stem cells, regulation of non-coding RNAs and the tumor microenvironment contributes to drug resistance mechanisms in CRC. Wnt/β-catenin signaling mediates the chemoresistance of CRC in these three aspects. Therefore, the present study analyzed the abundant evidence of the contribution of Wnt/β-catenin signaling to the development of drug resistance in CRC and discussed its possible role in improving the chemosensitivity of CRC, which may provide guidelines for its clinical treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gui-Xian Zhu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Dian Gao
- Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Zhao-Zhao Shao
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Li Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Wen-Jie Ding
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Qiong-Fang Yu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
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11
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Siraj S, Masoodi T, Siraj AK, Azam S, Qadri Z, Ahmed SO, AlBalawy WN, Al-Obaisi KA, Parvathareddy SK, AlManea HM, AlHussaini HF, Abduljabbar A, Alhomoud S, Al-Dayel FH, Alkuraya FS, Al-Kuraya KS. Clonal Evolution and Timing of Metastatic Colorectal Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12102938. [PMID: 33053768 PMCID: PMC7601934 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12102938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 10/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most frequently diagnosed cancer worldwide, where ~50% of patients develop metastasis, despite current improved management. Genomic characterisation of metastatic CRC, and elucidating the effects of therapy on the metastatic process, are essential to help guide precision medicine. Multi-region whole-exome sequencing was performed on 191 sampled tumour regions of patient-matched therapy-naïve and treated CRC primary tumours (n = 92 tumour regions) and metastases (n = 99 tumour regions), in 30 patients. Somatic variants were analysed to define the origin, composition, and timing of seeding in the metastatic progression of therapy-naïve and treated metastatic CRC. High concordance, with few genomic differences, was observed between primary CRC and metastases. Most cases supported a late dissemination model, via either monoclonal or polyclonal seeding. Polyclonal seeding appeared more common in therapy-naïve metastases than in treated metastases. Whereby, treatment prompted for the selection of distinct resistant clones, through monoclonal seeding to distant metastatic sites. Overall, this study reinforces the importance of early clinical detection and surgical excision of the CRC tumour, whilst further highlighting the clinical challenges for metastatic CRC with increased intratumour heterogeneity (either due to early dissemination or polyclonal metastatic spread) and the underlying risk of future therapeutic resistance in treated patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Siraj
- Human Cancer Genomic Research, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia; (S.S.); (T.M.); (A.K.S.); (S.A.); (Z.Q.); (S.O.A.); (W.N.A.); (K.A.A.-O.); (S.K.P.)
| | - Tariq Masoodi
- Human Cancer Genomic Research, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia; (S.S.); (T.M.); (A.K.S.); (S.A.); (Z.Q.); (S.O.A.); (W.N.A.); (K.A.A.-O.); (S.K.P.)
| | - Abdul K. Siraj
- Human Cancer Genomic Research, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia; (S.S.); (T.M.); (A.K.S.); (S.A.); (Z.Q.); (S.O.A.); (W.N.A.); (K.A.A.-O.); (S.K.P.)
| | - Saud Azam
- Human Cancer Genomic Research, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia; (S.S.); (T.M.); (A.K.S.); (S.A.); (Z.Q.); (S.O.A.); (W.N.A.); (K.A.A.-O.); (S.K.P.)
| | - Zeeshan Qadri
- Human Cancer Genomic Research, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia; (S.S.); (T.M.); (A.K.S.); (S.A.); (Z.Q.); (S.O.A.); (W.N.A.); (K.A.A.-O.); (S.K.P.)
| | - Saeeda O. Ahmed
- Human Cancer Genomic Research, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia; (S.S.); (T.M.); (A.K.S.); (S.A.); (Z.Q.); (S.O.A.); (W.N.A.); (K.A.A.-O.); (S.K.P.)
| | - Wafaa N. AlBalawy
- Human Cancer Genomic Research, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia; (S.S.); (T.M.); (A.K.S.); (S.A.); (Z.Q.); (S.O.A.); (W.N.A.); (K.A.A.-O.); (S.K.P.)
| | - Khadija A. Al-Obaisi
- Human Cancer Genomic Research, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia; (S.S.); (T.M.); (A.K.S.); (S.A.); (Z.Q.); (S.O.A.); (W.N.A.); (K.A.A.-O.); (S.K.P.)
| | - Sandeep K. Parvathareddy
- Human Cancer Genomic Research, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia; (S.S.); (T.M.); (A.K.S.); (S.A.); (Z.Q.); (S.O.A.); (W.N.A.); (K.A.A.-O.); (S.K.P.)
| | - Hadeel M. AlManea
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia; (H.M.A.); (H.F.A.); (F.H.A.-D.)
| | - Hussah F. AlHussaini
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia; (H.M.A.); (H.F.A.); (F.H.A.-D.)
| | - Alaa Abduljabbar
- Department of Surgery, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.); (S.A.)
| | - Samar Alhomoud
- Department of Surgery, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.); (S.A.)
| | - Fouad H. Al-Dayel
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia; (H.M.A.); (H.F.A.); (F.H.A.-D.)
| | - Fowzan S. Alkuraya
- Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia;
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh 11533, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khawla S. Al-Kuraya
- Human Cancer Genomic Research, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia; (S.S.); (T.M.); (A.K.S.); (S.A.); (Z.Q.); (S.O.A.); (W.N.A.); (K.A.A.-O.); (S.K.P.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +966-112-055-2167
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