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Estrogenic flavonoids and their molecular mechanisms of action. J Nutr Biochem 2023; 114:109250. [PMID: 36509337 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2022.109250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Flavonoids are a major group of phytoestrogens associated with physiological effects, and ecological and social impacts. Although the estrogenic activity of flavonoids was reported by researchers in the fields of medical, environmental and food studies, their molecular mechanisms of action have not been comprehensively reviewed. The estrogenic activity of the respective classes of flavonoids, anthocyanidins/anthocyanins, 2-arylbenzofurans/3-arylcoumarins/α-methyldeoxybenzoins, aurones/chalcones/dihydrochalcones, coumaronochromones, coumestans, flavans/flavan-3-ols/flavan-4-ols, flavanones/dihydroflavonols, flavones/flavonols, homoisoflavonoids, isoflavans, isoflavanones, isoflavenes, isoflavones, neoflavonoids, oligoflavonoids, pterocarpans/pterocarpenes, and rotenone/rotenoids, was summarized through a comprehensive literature search, and their structure-activity relationship, biological activities, signaling pathways, and applications were discussed. Although the respective classes of flavonoids contained at least one chemical mimicking estrogen, the mechanisms varied, such as those with estrogenic, anti-estrogenic, non-estrogenic, and biphasic activities, and additional activities through crosstalk/bypassing, which exert biological activities through cell signaling pathways. Such mechanistic variations of estrogen action are not limited to flavonoids and are observed among other broad categories of chemicals, thus this group of chemicals can be termed as the "estrogenome". This review article focuses on the connection of estrogen action mainly between the outer and the inner environments, which represent variations of chemicals and biological activities/signaling pathways, respectively, and form the basis to understand their applications. The applications of chemicals will markedly progress due to emerging technologies, such as artificial intelligence for precision medicine, which is also true of the study of the estrogenome including estrogenic flavonoids.
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Fu Z, Tian Y, Zhou X, Lan H, Wu S, Lou Y. Effects of quercetin on immune regulation at the maternal-fetal interface. Zhejiang Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban 2023; 52:68-76. [PMID: 37283120 DOI: 10.3724/zdxbyxb-2022-0499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The imbalance of immune homeostasis at the maternal-fetal interface is closely related to adverse pregnancy outcomes, so it has become one of the hot research topics in the reproductive field. Quercetin is rich in common TCM kidney-tonifying herbs such as dodder and lorathlorace, and has shown pregnancy protection function. As a common flavonoid, quercetin has powerful anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, estrogen-like effects; and it can regulate the functions of maternal-fetal interface immune cells (such as decidual natural killer cells, decidual macrophages, T cells, dendritic cells and myeloid-derived suppressor cells), exovillous trophoblast cells, decidual stromal cells, and the activities of their cytokines. Quercetin maintains the dynamic balance of maternal and fetal immunity by attenuating cytotoxicity, reducing excessive apoptosis of the tissue cells and inhibiting excessive inflammatory reactions. In this article, the role and molecular mechanism of quercetin in the immunomodulatory process of the maternal and fetal interface are reviewed to provide reference for the treatment of recurrent spontaneous abortion and other adverse pregnancy outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhujing Fu
- Department of TCM Gynecology, Hangzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310007, China.
| | - Ye Tian
- The Third Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Xuanle Zhou
- Department of TCM Gynecology, Hangzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310007, China
| | - Huizhen Lan
- Department of TCM Gynecology, Hangzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310007, China
| | - Shuangyu Wu
- The Third Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Yiyun Lou
- Department of TCM Gynecology, Hangzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310007, China.
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Domínguez-Avila JA, Salazar-López NJ, Montiel-Herrera M, Martínez-Martínez A, Villegas-Ochoa MA, González-Aguilar GA. Phenolic compounds can induce systemic and central immunomodulation, which result in a neuroprotective effect. J Food Biochem 2022; 46:e14260. [PMID: 35633197 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.14260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Inflammation may negatively impact health, particularly that of the central nervous system. Phenolic compounds are bioactive molecules present in fruits and vegetables with potential anti-inflammatory effects. The purpose of the present work is to review the immunomodulatory bioactivities of phenolic compounds in the periphery and in the central nervous system. Results show that various types of phenolics are able to counter diet- or pathogen-induced systemic inflammation (among others) in various models. In vitro data show significant effects of flavonoids and phenolic acids in particular; similar bioactivities were reported in vivo, when administering them as pure compounds or from fruit and vegetable extracts that contain them. In the central nervous system, phenolics counter chronic inflammation and aggressive acute inflammatory processes, such as ischemic events, when administered preemptively and even therapeutically. We therefore conclude that the immunomodulatory potential of phenolic compounds can maintain an adequate immune response; their regular consumption should therefore be prioritized in order to maintain health. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: The immune response must be carefully regulated in order to avoid its deleterious effects. The present work highlights how phenolic compounds, dietary components ubiquitous in everyday diet, are able to maintain it within an adequate range. As humans are exposed to more proinflammatory stimuli (inadequate dietary pattern, mental stress, environmental pollution, chronic diseases, etc.), it becomes necessary to counter them, and consuming adequate amounts of foods that contain compounds with this ability is a rather simple strategy. Thus, the present work highlights how fruits and vegetables can help to maintain an adequate immune response that can preserve systemic health and that of the central nervous system. Furthermore, specific compounds contained in them can also be ideal candidates for additional in-depth studies, which can potentially lead to the development of potent, targeted, and safe anti-inflammatory molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Norma J Salazar-López
- Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo A. C., Hermosillo, Mexico.,Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Facultad de Medicina Mexicali, Mexicali, Mexico
| | | | - Alejandro Martínez-Martínez
- Departamento de Ciencias Químico-Biológicas, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Autónoma de Ciudad Juárez, Ciudad Juárez, Mexico
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Zhang W, Li S, Li C, Li T, Huang Y. Remodeling tumor microenvironment with natural products to overcome drug resistance. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1051998. [PMID: 36439106 PMCID: PMC9685561 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1051998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
With cancer incidence rates continuing to increase and occurrence of resistance in drug treatment, there is a pressing demand to find safer and more effective anticancer strategy for cancer patients. Natural products, have the advantage of low toxicity and multiple action targets, are always used in the treatment of cancer prevention in early stage and cancer supplement in late stage. Tumor microenvironment is necessary for cancer cells to survive and progression, and immune activation is a vital means for the tumor microenvironment to eliminate cancer cells. A number of studies have found that various natural products could target and regulate immune cells such as T cells, macrophages, mast cells as well as inflammatory cytokines in the tumor microenvironment. Natural products tuning the tumor microenvironment via various mechanisms to activate the immune response have immeasurable potential for cancer immunotherapy. In this review, it highlights the research findings related to natural products regulating immune responses against cancer, especially reveals the possibility of utilizing natural products to remodel the tumor microenvironment to overcome drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanlu Zhang
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China
| | - Shubo Li
- Liaoning Center for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Liaoning Agricultural Development Service Center, Shenyang, China
| | - Chunting Li
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China
| | - Tianye Li
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yongye Huang
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China
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van Geffen C, Heiss C, Deißler A, Kolahian S. Pharmacological modulation of myeloid-derived suppressor cells to dampen inflammation. Front Immunol 2022; 13:933847. [PMID: 36110844 PMCID: PMC9468781 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.933847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are a heterogeneous cell population with potent suppressive and regulative properties. MDSCs’ strong immunosuppressive potential creates new possibilities to treat chronic inflammation and autoimmune diseases or induce tolerance towards transplantation. Here, we summarize and critically discuss different pharmacological approaches which modulate the generation, activation, and recruitment of MDSCs in vitro and in vivo, and their potential role in future immunosuppressive therapy.
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Circulating Tumour Cells (CTCs) in NSCLC: From Prognosis to Therapy Design. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13111879. [PMID: 34834295 PMCID: PMC8619417 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13111879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Designing optimal (neo)adjuvant therapy is a crucial aspect of the treatment of non-small-cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC). Standard methods of chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and immunotherapy represent effective strategies for treatment. However, in some cases with high metastatic activity and high levels of circulating tumour cells (CTCs), the efficacy of standard treatment methods is insufficient and results in treatment failure and reduced patient survival. CTCs are seen not only as an isolated phenomenon but also a key inherent part of the formation of metastasis and a key factor in cancer death. This review discusses the impact of NSCLC therapy strategies based on a meta-analysis of clinical studies. In addition, possible therapeutic strategies for repression when standard methods fail, such as the administration of low-toxicity natural anticancer agents targeting these phenomena (curcumin and flavonoids), are also discussed. These strategies are presented in the context of key mechanisms of tumour biology with a strong influence on CTC spread and metastasis (mechanisms related to tumour-associated and -infiltrating cells, epithelial–mesenchymal transition, and migration of cancer cells).
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Zhang L, Kuca K, You L, Zhao Y, Musilek K, Nepovimova E, Wu Q, Wu W, Adam V. Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 signaling in tumor immune evasion. Pharmacol Ther 2021; 230:107969. [PMID: 34450232 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2021.107969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The underlying mechanism of tumor immune evasion is a highly concerning subject for researchers. Increasing evidences reveal that the over-activated signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) is a crucial molecular hub in malignant tumors. STAT3 controls autophagy molecules that impair CTL-mediated tumor cell lysis, inhibiting natural killer cells and inducing apoptosis in T lymphocytes to create an immunosuppressive environment. STAT3 signaling regulates the expression of immune factors and recruits immunosuppressive cells to establish a tolerant tumor microenvironment (TME). STAT3 signaling regulates the expression of immune factors and recruits immunosuppressive cells to create an immunosuppressive environment. All this aid tumor cells in escaping from immune surveillance. In this review, we outlined the STAT3-mediated mechanisms involved in tumor immune evasion and their potential regulatory functions in the TME. We discussed the impact of STAT3 signaling on PD-L1, HIF-1α, exosome, lncRNA, and autophagy in the promotion of tumor immune evasion and highlighted the recent research on STAT3 signaling and tumor immune evasion that may assist in developing effective STAT3-targeted drugs for advancing immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luying Zhang
- College of Life Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China
| | - Kamil Kuca
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Hradec Králové 500 03, Czech Republic
| | - Li You
- College of Life Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China
| | - Yingying Zhao
- College of Life Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China
| | - Kamil Musilek
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Hradec Králové 500 03, Czech Republic
| | - Eugenie Nepovimova
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Hradec Králové 500 03, Czech Republic
| | - Qinghua Wu
- College of Life Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China; Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Hradec Králové 500 03, Czech Republic.
| | - Wenda Wu
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Hradec Králové 500 03, Czech Republic.
| | - Vojtech Adam
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Brno 613 00, Czech Republic; Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Brno 602 00, Czech Republic.
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Zang X, Cheng M, Zhang X, Chen X. Quercetin nanoformulations: a promising strategy for tumor therapy. Food Funct 2021; 12:6664-6681. [PMID: 34152346 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo00851j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Phytochemicals as dietary constituents are being widely explored for the prevention and treatment of various diseases. Quercetin, a major constituent of various dietary products, has attracted extensive interest due to its anti-proliferative capability, reversal of multidrug resistance, autophagy promotion and tumor microenvironment modulation on different cancer types. Although quercetin has shown potent medical value, its application as an antitumor drug is limited. Problems like poor solubility, bioavailability and stability, short half-life and weak tumor-targeting biodistribution make quercetin an unreliable candidate for cancer therapy. Nanoparticle based platforms have shown a number of advantages in delivering a hydrophobic drug like quercetin to diseased tissues. Quercetin nanoparticles have demonstrated high encapsulation efficiency, stability, sustained release, prolonged circulation time, improved accumulation at tumor sites and therapeutic efficiency. Moreover, a combination of quercetin with other diagnostic or therapeutic agents in one nanocarrier has achieved enhancements in detecting or treating tumors. In this review, we have tried to summarize the pharmacological activities of quercetin with regard to tumor cells and microenvironments in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, various nanoformulations have been highlighted for quercetin delivery for cancer treatment. These results suggest that quercetin nanoparticles may be a promising antitumor therapeutic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinlong Zang
- School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Ningxia Road 308, Qingdao, PR China.
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Kumar S, Fayaz F, Pottoo FH, Bajaj S, Manchanda S, Bansal H. Nanophytomedicine Based Novel Therapeutic Strategies in Liver Cancer. Curr Top Med Chem 2020; 20:1999-2024. [DOI: 10.2174/1568026619666191114113048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Revised: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Liver cancer is the fifth (6.3% of all cancers i.e., 548,000 cases/year) and ninth (2.8% of all
cancers i.e., 244,000 cases/year) most prevalent cancer worldwide in men and women, respectively. Although
multiple choices of therapies are offered for Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC) like liver resection
or transplant, radiofrequency ablation, transarterial chemoembolization, radioembolization, and systemic
targeted agent, by the time of diagnosis, most of the cases of HCC are in an advanced stage, which
renders therapies like liver transplant or resection and local ablation impractical; and targeted therapy
has its shortcomings like general toxicity, imprecise selectivity, several adversative reactions, and resistance
development. Therefore, novel drugs with specificity and selectivity are needed to provide the potential
therapeutic response. Various researches have shown the potential of phytomedicines in liver
cancer by modulating cell growth, invasion, metastasis, and apoptosis. However, their therapeutic potential
is held up by their unfavorable properties like stability, poor water solubility, low absorption, and
quick metabolism. Nonetheless, the advancement of nanotechnology-based innovative nanocarrier formulations
has improved the phytomedicines’ profile to be used in the treatment of liver cancer. Nanocarriers
not only improve the solubility and stability of phytomedicines but also extend their residence in
plasma and accomplish specificity. In this review, we summarize the advancements introduced by
nanotechnology in the treatment of liver cancer. In particular, we discuss quite a few applications of
nanophytomedicines like curcumin, quercetin, epigallocatechin-3-gallate, berberine, apigenin, triptolide,
and resveratrol in liver cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachin Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology, Delhi Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Sector-III, MB Road, PushpVihar, New Delhi-110017, India
| | - Faizana Fayaz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Delhi Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Sector-III, MB Road, PushpVihar, New Delhi-110017, India
| | - Faheem Hyder Pottoo
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Clinical Pharmacy, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam, 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sakshi Bajaj
- Department of Herbal Drug Technology, Delhi Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Sector-III, MB Road, PushpVihar, New Delhi-110017, India
| | - Satish Manchanda
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Delhi Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Sector-III, MB Road, PushpVihar, New Delhi-110017, India
| | - Himangini Bansal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Delhi Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Sector-III, MB Road, PushpVihar, New Delhi-110017, India
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