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Jin J, Xu X, Wang X, Chen B, Miao Y, Chen Z, Yan D, Qiu F. Development and validation of a liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method for simultaneous quantification of eight Xiakucao Oral liquid-related compounds in rat plasma and its application in pharmacokinetic study. Biomed Chromatogr 2024; 38:e5902. [PMID: 38922974 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.5902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Xiakucao Oral Liquid (XKCOL) has been widely used for treating mammary gland hyperplasia and goiter in China. However, its pharmacokinetic data have been missing to date. To conduct its pharmacokinetic study, we established an LC-tandem mass spectrometry method for the simultaneous determination of eight XKCOL-related compounds in rat plasma. Liquid-liquid extraction was used for the sampling process. Chromatographic separation was performed on a Phenomenon Luna C18 column with a mobile phase of methanol and 2 mM ammonium acetate, using gradient elution at a flow rate of 0.8 mL/min. Detection was performed in the multiple reaction monitoring mode using negative electrospray ionization (ESI-) with optimized MS parameters. Endogenous substances and carryover did not interfere in the detection of analytes. The calibration curves showed a good linear relationship within the linear ranges. The intra- and inter-batch accuracy and precision were 94.8%-110.0% and ≤11.2%, respectively. There was no significant matrix effect and the recovery was reproducible. The dilution of samples did not affect the accuracy and precision. The solution and plasma samples were stable under the various test conditions. The major components of XKCOL absorbed into the blood were salvianic acid A and rosmarinic acid. They demonstrated linear kinetics over the dose range used in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyi Jin
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacokinetics, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoqing Xu
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacokinetics, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinwei Wang
- Department of Medicine, Guiyang XinTian Pharmaceutical Co., LTD, Guiyang, China
- Department of Medicine, Haitian Medical Technology Co., LTD, Shanghai, China
| | - Biao Chen
- Department of Medicine, Guiyang XinTian Pharmaceutical Co., LTD, Guiyang, China
- Department of Medicine, Haitian Medical Technology Co., LTD, Shanghai, China
| | - Yingying Miao
- Department of Medicine, Guiyang XinTian Pharmaceutical Co., LTD, Guiyang, China
- Department of Medicine, Haitian Medical Technology Co., LTD, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhongguo Chen
- Department of Medicine, Haitian Medical Technology Co., LTD, Shanghai, China
| | - Dongming Yan
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacokinetics, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Furong Qiu
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacokinetics, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
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2
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Long A, Zhao S, Huang G, Li X, Cheng H, Chen Z, Hu Z, Zhu L, Zhao D, Hu X, Wang J. The role of the indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase gene in preventing ovarian transplant rejection in rats†. Biol Reprod 2024; 111:186-196. [PMID: 38452209 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioae036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) plays important roles in maternal immune tolerance. Female Sprague Dawley rats (9-11 weeks old) were randomly divided into an autoplastic transplantation group (n = 75) and an allograft transplantation group (n = 300) was further divided into subgroups of ovarian transplantation, allograft ovarian transplantation, allograft ovarian transplantation with cyclosporine A treatment, allograft ovarian transplantation and transfection with IDO-expressing lentiviruses, and allograft ovarian transplantation and transfection with control lentiviruses. IDO was successfully transfected into the transplanted ovarian tissue. The survival rate, success rate of ovarian transplantation, period until estrous cycle restoration, and estrogen levels of rats that received IDO-expressing lentiviruses were significantly different from those of rats that underwent allograft transplantation and with control transfection (all P < 0.05), but not significantly different from those rats that received autoplastic transplantation (all P > 0.05). The number of ovarian follicles in the transplanted ovarian tissue of rats that received IDO-expressing lentiviruses was also significantly higher. The expression level of IDO protein detected by immunohistochemistry and western blotting was especially high in ovaries that had received IDO-containing lentiviruses. Naturally pregnant rats were found in each group postoperatively. These results indicated that IDO-expressing lentiviruses were successfully transfected into transplanted ovarian tissues of rats and that IDO was stably expressed within a certain time. These findings suggest that the expression level of IDO protein is associated with an enhanced success rate of ovarian tissue transplantation and a short restoration period of endocrine function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aizhuan Long
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, Guizhou Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuyun Zhao
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, Guizhou Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Guanyou Huang
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, Guizhou Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoying Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zhuhai 519000, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Hui Cheng
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, Guizhou Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Zengchunxiao Chen
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, Guizhou Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhu Hu
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, Guizhou Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Leilei Zhu
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, Guizhou Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Danqing Zhao
- Department of Obstetrics, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, Guizhou Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyan Hu
- Emergency obstetrics and gynecology, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, Guizhou Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Wang
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, Guizhou Province, People's Republic of China
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Krupa A, Łebkowska A, Kondraciuk M, Kaminski KA, Kowalska I. Alteration in kynurenine pathway metabolites in young women with autoimmune thyroiditis. Sci Rep 2024; 14:6851. [PMID: 38514790 PMCID: PMC10957988 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-57154-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
The kynurenine pathway (KP) of tryptophan degradation includes several compounds that reveal immunomodulatory properties. The present study aimed to investigate the alteration in KP metabolites in young women with autoimmune thyroiditis (AIT) and their associations with thyroid function. The thyroid function tests, antithyroid antibodies measurement and ultrasonography of the thyroid gland have been performed in 57 young women with AIT and 38 age-matched healthy controls. The serum levels of tryptophan, kynurenine (KYN) and its metabolites were determined, and the activity of KP enzymes was calculated indirectly as product-to-substrate ratios. KP was activated and dysregulated in AIT, along with significantly elevated levels of KYN and anthranilic acid (AA), at the expense of the reduction of kynurenic acid (KYNA), which was reflected by the increase in the AA/KYNA ratio (p < 0.001). In univariate and multiple regression analyses, peripheral deiodinase (SPINA-GD) activity in AIT was positively associated with KYNA, AA, and quinolinic acid (QA). The merger of AA, AA/KYNA ratio, QA and SPINA-GD exhibited the highest sensitivity and specificity to predict AIT (p < 0.001) in receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. In conclusion, the serum KYN metabolite profile is dysregulated in young women with AIT and could serve as a new predictor of AIT risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Krupa
- Department of Internal Medicine and Metabolic Diseases, Medical University of Bialystok, M. Sklodowskiej-Curie 24A, 15-276, Białystok, Poland.
| | - Agnieszka Łebkowska
- Department of Internal Medicine and Metabolic Diseases, Medical University of Bialystok, M. Sklodowskiej-Curie 24A, 15-276, Białystok, Poland
| | - Marcin Kondraciuk
- Department of Population Medicine and Lifestyle Diseases Prevention, Medical University of Bialystok, Waszyngtona 15B, 15-269, Białystok, Poland
| | - Karol Adam Kaminski
- Department of Population Medicine and Lifestyle Diseases Prevention, Medical University of Bialystok, Waszyngtona 15B, 15-269, Białystok, Poland
| | - Irina Kowalska
- Department of Internal Medicine and Metabolic Diseases, Medical University of Bialystok, M. Sklodowskiej-Curie 24A, 15-276, Białystok, Poland
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Xing Y, Xue M, Xiao Z, Hu X, Zhai J, Zhang C, Jiang N, Fan Y, Meng Y, Zhou Y. Isolation and identification of Chryseobacterium indologenes and its pathological changes in Pelodiscus sinensis. JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES 2024; 47:e13864. [PMID: 37723838 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.13864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
The Chinese revered a species of aquatic reptile known as Pelodiscus sinensis as both an edible and medicinal species. When artificially breeding, many deaths occurred at the farmed P. sinensis, mainly due to excessive breeding density, water contamination, and turtles biting each other secondary to bacterial infections. In this study, an isolate of gram-negative bacteria WH0623 was isolated from the liver and kidney of diseased P. sinensis to trace the potential pathogen of this disease. Based on biochemical characteristics and 16S rRNA gene sequencing analyses, this isolated strain of WH0623 was identified as Chryseobacterium indologenes. The strain's median lethal dose (LD50 ) was 3.3 × 105 colony-forming units (CFU)/g per fish weight tested using artificial infection. Histopathological analysis revealed pathological changes, including cell swelling, hyperaemia, and necrosis in many tissues. Antibiotic susceptibility tests revealed that the bacteria WH0623 was susceptible to doxycycline, sulphonamides, ceftazidime, norfloxacin, and ciprofloxacin. These antibiotics could treat the disease. In conclusion, the pathogen causing the death of farmed P. sinensis was isolated and identified, and a drug-sensitive test was conducted. Our findings contribute to the future diagnosis and treatment of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangyang Xing
- College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Mingyang Xue
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Zidong Xiao
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaowei Hu
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiale Zhai
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Chunjie Zhang
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Nan Jiang
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuding Fan
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Yan Meng
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Yong Zhou
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan, China
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Wei J, Leng L, Sui Y, Song S, Owusu FB, Li X, Cao Y, Li P, Wang H, Li R, Yang W, Gao X, Wang Q. Phenolic acids from Prunella vulgaris alleviate cardiac remodeling following myocardial infarction partially by suppressing NLRP3 activation. Phytother Res 2024; 38:384-399. [PMID: 37992723 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.8024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
Acute myocardial infarction (MI) is one of the leading causes of mortality around the world. Prunella vulgaris (Xia-Ku-Cao in Chinese) is used in traditional Chinese medicine practice for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. However, its active ingredients and mechanisms of action on cardiac remodeling following MI remain unknown. In this study, we investigated the cardioprotective effect of P. vulgaris on MI rat models. MI rats were treated with aqueous extract of P. vulgaris or phenolic acids from P. vulgaris, including caffeic acid, ursolic acid or rosmarinic acid, 1 day after surgery and continued for the following 28 days. Then the cardioprotective effect, such as cardiac function, inflammatory status, and fibrosis areas were evaluated. RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) analysis, real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR), western blotting, and ELISA were used to explore the underlying mechanism. In addition, ultra-high performance liquid chromatography/mass spectrometer analysis was used to identify the chemicals from P. vulgaris. THP-1NLRP3-GFP cells were used to confirm the inhibitory effect of P. vulgaris and phenolic acids on the expression and activity of NLRP3. We found that P. vulgaris significantly improved cardiac function and reduced infarct size. Meanwhile, P. vulgaris protected cardiomyocyte against apoptosis, evidenced by increasing the expression of anti-apoptosis protein Bcl-2 in the heart and decreasing lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels in serum. Results from RNA-seq revealed that the therapeutic effect of P. vulgaris might relate to NLRP3-mediated inflammatory response. Results from real-time PCR and western blotting confirmed that P. vulgaris suppressed NLRP3 expression in MI heart. We also found that P. vulgaris suppressed NLRP3 expression and the secretion of HMGB1, IL-1β, and IL-18 in THP-1NLRP3-GFP cells. Further studies indicated that the active components of P. vulgaris were three phenolic acids, those were caffeic acid, ursolic acid, and rosmarinic acid. These phenolic acids inhibited LPS-induced NLRP3 expression and activity in THP-1 cells, and improved cardiac function, suppressed inflammatory aggregation and fibrosis in MI rat models. In conclusion, our study demonstrated that P. vulgaris and phenolic acids from P. vulgaris, including caffeic acid, ursolic acid, and rosmarinic acid, could improve cardiac function and protect cardiomyocytes from ischemia injury during MI. The mechanism was partially related to inhibiting NLRP3 activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinna Wei
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- Key Lab of Pharmacological Traditional Chinese Medicine Formulae, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, China
| | - Ling Leng
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- Key Lab of Pharmacological Traditional Chinese Medicine Formulae, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, China
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, China
| | - Yunchan Sui
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Shaofei Song
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Felix Boahen Owusu
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Xue Li
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, China
| | - Yu Cao
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Peijie Li
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Hongda Wang
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Ruiqiao Li
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, China
| | - Wenzhi Yang
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- Key Lab of Pharmacological Traditional Chinese Medicine Formulae, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, China
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiumei Gao
- Key Lab of Pharmacological Traditional Chinese Medicine Formulae, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, China
| | - Qilong Wang
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- Key Lab of Pharmacological Traditional Chinese Medicine Formulae, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, China
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, China
- Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- Endocrinology Department, Fourth Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
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Zholdasbayev ME, Atazhanova GA, Musozoda S, Poleszak E. Prunella vulgaris L.: An Updated Overview of Botany, Chemical Composition, Extraction Methods, and Biological Activities. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:1106. [PMID: 37631021 PMCID: PMC10460042 DOI: 10.3390/ph16081106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Prunella vulgaris L. (PV) is a well-known renewable drug resource full of different groups of biologically active substances with a wide range of pharmacological actions and applications in medicine. In this review, we present an updated comprehensive overview of the botany, extracting methods, chemical composition, and pharmacological activity of different parts of PV extracts. As a result of this review, it was found that chemical composition of PV depends on various factors ranging from the part of the plant to the method of extraction. We also highlight extraction methods that have not been previously used for obtaining PV extracts and may have high scientific interest. With this review, we hope to guide present and future professionals and provide possible previously unexplored areas to find new solutions associated with PV plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mussa E. Zholdasbayev
- School of Pharmacy, NJSC “Karaganda Medical University”, Gogol Street, 40, Karaganda 100000, Kazakhstan;
| | - Gayane A. Atazhanova
- School of Pharmacy, NJSC “Karaganda Medical University”, Gogol Street, 40, Karaganda 100000, Kazakhstan;
| | - Safol Musozoda
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Pharmacology, Building No. 3, Tajik National University, Rudaki Avenue Street, 17, Dushanbe 734035, Tajikistan;
| | - Ewa Poleszak
- Department of Applied and Social Pharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, st. Al. Racławickie 1, 20-059 Lublin, Poland;
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Gao L, Zhang C, Li Q, Peng X, Shima G, Cao H, Hao P, Li C, Zhang Z. Network Pharmacology and Experimental Analyses of the Mechanism of Analgesic and Glucose Intolerance Through Glucocorticoid Signaling in C57 Mice Treated with Water Extract of Prunella vulgaris L. Spica. Nat Prod Commun 2022. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x221111032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to confirm the anti-inflammatory effect and explore the adverse effects and underlying mechanisms of Prunella vulgaris L., which has been extensively used for hundreds of years in East Asia. Network pharmacology studies predicted that glucocorticoids (GCs), GC-targeting molecules, and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) were intensively involved in the anti-inflammation and glucose intolerance. To attest the effects and underlying mechanisms, C57 male mice were randomly divided into 5 groups, control (C), dexamethasone (Dex), water extract of P. vulgaris (PE 35 or 70 mg), and PE (70 mg) + mifepristone (PEM). After a 3-week treatment, acetic acid-induced writhing and hot plate tests confirmed the peripheral and central analgesic effects, respectively. Plasma GCs and BDNF were significantly increased. Coincidently, plasma pro-inflammatory cytokines, including IL1β, IL6, and IL10, were decreased by PE treatment, which were blocked by the application of mifepristone ( P < 0.5). Western blots confirmed GC receptor (GR) translocation, and decreased cyclooxygenase 2 in the lumber spine by PE treatment. Food intake was impeded after a 4-week PE treatment, but the ratio of bodyweight gain to food intake was increased in a time-dependent manner. An intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test disclosed that PE treatment impaired glucose disposal in mice. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) showed that hepatic GC-responsive genes such as GC-induced leucine zipper protein and glucose-6-phosphatase catalytic subunit 1 were up-regulated, and hypothalamic neuropeptide Y and agouti-related protein expressions were decreased by PE treatment. Hypothalamic BDNF was up-regulated, whereas hepatic BDNF was down-regulated. The regulation of these genes by PE was reversed by mifepristone administration. In conclusion, PE treatment plays analgesic and glucose regulation roles simultaneously through GC-induced signaling pathways, and P. vulgaris may provide a natural ligand of GR for the treatment of inflammation with glucose dysregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Gao
- Zhang Zhongjing College of Chinese Medicine, Nanyang Institute of Technology, Nanyang, Henan, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Zhang Zhongjing Formulae and Herbs for Immunoregulation, Nanyang Institute of Technology, Nanyang, Henan, China
| | - Chaoyun Zhang
- Zhang Zhongjing College of Chinese Medicine, Nanyang Institute of Technology, Nanyang, Henan, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Zhang Zhongjing Formulae and Herbs for Immunoregulation, Nanyang Institute of Technology, Nanyang, Henan, China
| | - Qiuying Li
- Zhang Zhongjing College of Chinese Medicine, Nanyang Institute of Technology, Nanyang, Henan, China
| | - Xiaojuan Peng
- Zhang Zhongjing College of Chinese Medicine, Nanyang Institute of Technology, Nanyang, Henan, China
| | - Guanghan Shima
- Zhang Zhongjing College of Chinese Medicine, Nanyang Institute of Technology, Nanyang, Henan, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Zhang Zhongjing Formulae and Herbs for Immunoregulation, Nanyang Institute of Technology, Nanyang, Henan, China
| | - Hongwei Cao
- Tiandao Wines & Spirits Co., Ltd, Handan, Hebei, China
| | - Pengfei Hao
- Zhang Zhongjing College of Chinese Medicine, Nanyang Institute of Technology, Nanyang, Henan, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Zhang Zhongjing Formulae and Herbs for Immunoregulation, Nanyang Institute of Technology, Nanyang, Henan, China
| | - Chao Li
- Zhang Zhongjing College of Chinese Medicine, Nanyang Institute of Technology, Nanyang, Henan, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Zhang Zhongjing Formulae and Herbs for Immunoregulation, Nanyang Institute of Technology, Nanyang, Henan, China
| | - Zhongming Zhang
- Zhang Zhongjing College of Chinese Medicine, Nanyang Institute of Technology, Nanyang, Henan, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Zhang Zhongjing Formulae and Herbs for Immunoregulation, Nanyang Institute of Technology, Nanyang, Henan, China
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8
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Gong Z, Jia H, Xue L, Li D, Zeng X, Wei M, Liu Z, Tong MCF, Chen GG. The emerging role of transcription factor FOXP3 in thyroid cancer. Rev Endocr Metab Disord 2022; 23:421-429. [PMID: 34463908 DOI: 10.1007/s11154-021-09684-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Transcription factor FOXP3 is a crucial regulator in the development and function of regulatory T cells (Treg) that are essential for immunological tolerance and homeostasis. Numerous studies have indicated the correlation of tumor infiltrating FOXP3+ Treg upregulation with poor prognostic parameters in thyroid cancer, including lymph node metastases, extrathyroidal extension, and multifocality. Most immune-checkpoint molecules are expressed in Treg. The blockage of such signals with checkpoint inhibitors has been approved for several solid tumors, but not yet for thyroid cancer. Thyroid abnormalities may be induced by checkpoint inhibitors. For example, hypothyroidism, thyrotoxicosis, painless thyroiditis, or even thyroid storm are more frequently associated with anti-PD-1 antibodies (pembrolizumab and nivolumab). Therefore, Targeting FOXP3+ Treg may have impacts on checkpoint molecules and the growth of thyroid cancer. Several factors may impact the role and stability of FOXP3, such as alternative RNA splicing, mutations, and post-translational modification. In addition, the role of FOXP3+ Treg in the tumor microenvironment is also affected by the complex regulatory network formed by FOXP3 and its transcriptional partners. Here we discussed how the expression and function of FOXP3 were regulated and how FOXP3 interacted with its targets in Treg, aiming to help the development of FOXP3 as a potential therapeutic target for thyroid cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongqin Gong
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hao Jia
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Lingbin Xue
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - Dongcai Li
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of ENT, Institute of ENT & Longgang, ENT Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xianhai Zeng
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of ENT, Institute of ENT & Longgang, ENT Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Minghui Wei
- Department of Head & Neck Surgery, Cancer Hospital Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shenzhen Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhimin Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Michael C F Tong
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong, China.
| | - George G Chen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong, China.
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Wu D, Wang Z. Gastric Cancer Cell-Derived Kynurenines Hyperactive Regulatory T Cells to Promote Chemoresistance via the IL-10/STAT3/BCL2 Signaling Pathway. DNA Cell Biol 2022; 41:447-455. [PMID: 35353612 PMCID: PMC9063152 DOI: 10.1089/dna.2021.0936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemotherapy resistance is frequently observed in gastric cancer patients and is associated with poor prognosis; tryptophan (Trp) catabolism has been recognized as a key metabolic regulator of many types of cancer progression. Regulatory T cells (Tregs) and Trp metabolite kynurenine (Kyn) were analyzed using tumor tissues. Chemotherapy resistance induced by IL-10 or Treg was detected by flow cytometry assay. The activation of STAT3/BCL2 signaling pathways in gastric cells cocultured by Treg was illustrated by western blotting. Patients' Treg and human gastric cancer organoid model were established to examine the anticancer effects of STAT3 inhibitor. We found that a higher level of IL-10 secreted by Kyn-induced Tregs was responsible for the 5-fluorouracil-induced resistance of gastric cancer cell lines. STAT3 and BCL2 knockout significantly abrogated Treg supernatant- or IL-10-induced chemoresistance in SGC7901 and BGC823 cell lines. Furthermore, STAT3 inhibitor significantly reduced the organoid and clonogenicity of organoids cocultured with Treg. Our data suggested that tumor-derived Kyn may hyperactivate Tregs and induce chemoresistance through the IL-10/STAT3/BCL2 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Zhongli Wang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
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10
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Zheng XQ, Song LX, Han ZZ, Yang YB, Zhang Y, Gu LH, Yang L, Chou GX, Wang ZT. Pentacyclic triterpenoids from spikes of Prunella vulgaris L. with thyroid tumour cell cytostatic bioactivities. Nat Prod Res 2022; 37:1518-1526. [PMID: 35038938 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2021.2024532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Five new triterpenoids, including four ursane types (1-4) and one oleanane type (5), together with 15 known ursane types pentacyclic triterpenoids (6-20) were isolated from the fruit spikes of Prunella vulgaris L., a traditional Chinese herbal medicine. Their structures were elucidated based on IR, HR-ESI-MS, and NMR spectroscopic data. The SW579 cell line was used to evaluate anti-thyroid cancer activities of (1-20). The results indicated that (7-9), (16), and (19) exhibited apparent inhibitory activity with IC50 values of 25.73-71.41 μM (cisplatin as positive control, IC50 14.49 ± 0.97 μM). Network pharmacology and molecular docking were also used for the prediction of the synergistic actions and the underlying mechanisms. Accordingly, four potential targets have been characterized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiu-Qin Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Ministry of Education, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei-Xin Song
- Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Ministry of Education, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhu-Zhen Han
- Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Ministry of Education, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai R&D Center for Standardization of Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying-Bo Yang
- Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Ministry of Education, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Ministry of Education, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Li-Hua Gu
- Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Ministry of Education, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai R&D Center for Standardization of Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Yang
- Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Ministry of Education, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai R&D Center for Standardization of Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Gui-Xin Chou
- Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Ministry of Education, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai R&D Center for Standardization of Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zheng-Tao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Ministry of Education, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai R&D Center for Standardization of Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
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11
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Prunella vulgaris can improve the pregnancy outcomes of experimental autoimmune thyroiditis rats by inhibiting Th1/Th17 immune responses. J Reprod Immunol 2021; 149:103469. [PMID: 34979369 DOI: 10.1016/j.jri.2021.103469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Autoimmune thyroiditis (AIT), one of the most common autoimmune diseases among women of reproductive age, is closely associated with reproductive failure and other obstetric complications. However, effective clinical strategies for the management of pregnant women with AIT are limited. It has been shown that Prunella vulgaris (PV), a traditional herbal medicine, can ameliorate AIT and other common thyroid disorders. Therefore, using an experimental autoimmune thyroiditis (EAT) rat model, we investigated the potential effects of PV on AIT-related pregnancy outcomes. According to the administered dose of PV, EAT rats were randomly divided into the untreated EAT and PV-treated EAT groups. We found that thyroid peroxidase antibody and thyroglobulin antibody serum levels and the inflammatory infiltration of the thyroid were reduced in all PV-treated groups. Increased splenic Tgfb1 mRNA levels and Treg cell proportions were associated with decreased Th1/Th17 cell proportions, and Ifng mRNA levels were reduced in rats that received low and medium doses of PV. Moreover, in the low-dose PV group, fetal development retardation and placental injuries were reversed. Overall, our findings indicated that PV could alleviate AIT and improve pregnancy outcomes in EAT rats by downregulating Th1/Th17 immune responses and inducing Treg cell proliferation.
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12
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Guo Q, Qu H, Zhang H, Zhong X. Prunella vulgaris L. Attenuates Experimental Autoimmune Thyroiditis by Inhibiting HMGB1/TLR9 Signaling. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2021; 15:4559-4574. [PMID: 34764638 PMCID: PMC8576104 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s325814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Background Prunella vulgaris L. (PV) has been used to treat autoimmune thyroiditis (AIT), but the underlying mechanism remains unknown. The present study was designed to evaluate the effect of PV on AIT and explore the role of high-mobility group box-1 (HMGB1) signaling in PV-mediated effects in vivo and in vitro. Methods In the present study, bioactive components of PV were identified using UPLC-ESI-MS. The protective effects and potential mechanisms critical for the anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects of PV in AIT were investigated in a rat model of thyroglobulin-induced experimental autoimmune thyroiditis (EAT) and in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced thyroid follicular cells (TFCs). Results The main bioactive compound identified in PV was rosmarinic acid. The thyroid volume, thyroiditis inflammation score and serum thyroglobulin antibody levels of EAT rats were attenuated by PV treatment (P<0.01). In addition, PV significantly reduced the elevated levels of the proinflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) both in vivo (P<0.01) and in vitro (P<0.05). PV downregulated HMGB1 mRNA and protein expression, reduced HMGB1 secretion, and inhibited TLR9 signaling pathways (TLR9 and MyD88) in PV-treated EAT rats and TFCs. Moreover, PV reversed the increases in the numbers of splenic Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells. Finally, our results acquired following administration of ethyl pyruvate, an HMGB1 inhibitor, to splenocytes cultured in vitro supported the hypothesis that the HMGB1/TLR9 pathway is involved in the PV-mediated reductions in Th1, Th2 and Th17 cells. Conclusion PV decreased the activity of the TLR9/MyD88 pathway and proinflammatory cytokines through HMGB1. In addition, we are the first to show that PV attenuated the HMGB1-induced increases in Th1, Th2 and Th17 cells in AIT models. These findings provide new evidence for the potential therapeutic value of PV as a treatment for AIT and other autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingling Guo
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250021, People's Republic of China.,Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine,Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, People's Republic of China
| | - Haili Qu
- Department of Nursing, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250021, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Department of General Practice, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250021, People's Republic of China
| | - Xia Zhong
- Department of General Practice, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250021, People's Republic of China
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13
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Krupa A, Kowalska I. The Kynurenine Pathway-New Linkage between Innate and Adaptive Immunity in Autoimmune Endocrinopathies. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:9879. [PMID: 34576041 PMCID: PMC8469440 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22189879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The kynurenine pathway (KP) is highly regulated in the immune system, where it promotes immunosuppression in response to infection or inflammation. Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1), the main enzyme of KP, has a broad spectrum of activity on immune cells regulation, controlling the balance between stimulation and suppression of the immune system at sites of local inflammation, relevant to a wide range of autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. Various autoimmune diseases, among them endocrinopathies, have been identified to date, but despite significant progress in their diagnosis and treatment, they are still associated with significant complications, morbidity, and mortality. The precise cellular and molecular mechanisms leading to the onset and development of autoimmune disease remain poorly clarified so far. In breaking of tolerance, the cells of the innate immunity provide a decisive microenvironment that regulates immune cells' differentiation, leading to activation of adaptive immunity. The current review provided a comprehensive presentation of the known role of IDO1 and KP activation in the regulation of the innate and adaptive arms of the immune system. Significant attention has been paid to the immunoregulatory role of IDO1 in the most prevalent, organ-specific autoimmune endocrinopathies-type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and autoimmune thyroiditis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Krupa
- Department of Internal Medicine and Metabolic Diseases, Medical University of Bialystok, M. Sklodowskiej-Curie 24A, 15-276 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Irina Kowalska
- Department of Internal Medicine and Metabolic Diseases, Medical University of Bialystok, M. Sklodowskiej-Curie 24A, 15-276 Bialystok, Poland
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14
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Song YG, Kang L, Tian S, Cui LL, Li Y, Bai M, Fang XY, Cao LH, Coleman K, Miao MS. Study on the anti-hepatocarcinoma effect and molecular mechanism of Prunella vulgaris total flavonoids. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 273:113891. [PMID: 33675913 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.113891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The traditional use of Prunella vulgaris is for the treatment of liver cancer in a few areas of China. At present, it is used primarily for the treatment of thyroid cancer, throat cancer, and lymphosarcoma among others. However, there are few current scientific reports regarding its use for the treatment of liver cancer. In this paper, the effective treatment for liver cancer is studied to provide an experimental basis for the application of Prunella vulgaris, which is related to preparations in the treatment of liver cancer. AIM OF THE STUDY To study the anti-hepatocarcinoma effect of Prunella vulgaris total flavonoids and explores the possible molecular mechanism. METHODS The effects of Prunella vulgaris total flavonoids on the proliferation of SMMC-7721 cells were respected by RTCA analysis system. The tumor volume and weight were found in H22 tumor bearing mice. ELISA was used to observe the apoptosis and autophagy protein expressions in tumor tissue homogenate, along with the immune serum factor. Tumor tissue apoptosis was respected by the TUNEL method. And Bax, Bcl2, PI3K, Akt, mTOR, Beclin-1 and LC3-I/LC3-II expression were observed through Western blot. We also observed the expression of Beclin-1 and LC3-I/LC3-II through immunohistochemistry. RESULTS The total flavonoids of Prunella vulgaris inhibited the activity of SMMC-7721 cells, and reduced the tumor volume and weight in H22 tumor bearing mice. HE staining showed that the Prunella vulgaris total flavonoids inhibited liver metastasis of H22 tumor. The Prunella vulgaris total flavonoids significantly made the expressions of IL-6, TNF-α and IFN-γ immune factors increasing in the serum of tumor bearing mice, and the contents of caspase-3 and caspase-9 increase as well in tumor tissue homogenate. TUNEL showed that the mean density in the intervention group was significantly higher than that in the control group. P62 content in tumor tissue homogenate increased and ATG5 decreased after intervention. Immunohistochemistry showed Beclin-1 expression decreased and LC3-I/LC3-II increased in the tumor tissue. Western blot showed Bcl2, Beclin-1 expression decreased and Bax, PI3K, Akt, mTOR, LC3-I/LC3-II increased in the tumor tissue. CONCLUSION Prunella vulgaris total flavonoids have an obvious anti-hepatocarcinoma effect, and the mechanism may be linked to the inhibition of autophagy and promotion of apoptosis in liver cancer cells. The inhibition of autophagy may be related to activation of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Gang Song
- International TCM Immunopharmacology Research Center, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450046, China.
| | - Le Kang
- Department of Pharmacology, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450046, China.
| | - Shuo Tian
- Department of Pharmacology, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450046, China.
| | - Lin-Lin Cui
- Department of Pharmacology, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450046, China.
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450046, China.
| | - Ming Bai
- Scientific Research and Experiment Center, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450046, China.
| | - Xiao-Yan Fang
- Department of Pharmacology, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450046, China.
| | - Li-Hua Cao
- International TCM Immunopharmacology Research Center, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450046, China.
| | - Kimberly Coleman
- School of Acupuncture and Tuina, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450046, China.
| | - Ming-San Miao
- Graduate School, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450046, China.
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15
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Pan Y, Zhang Q, Zhang C, Wu L, Qin L, Liu T, Hu K. A Chinese Patent Medicine JiaYanKangTai Alleviates Inflammatory Lesions of Experimental Autoimmune Thyroiditis by Regulating Interleukin-17 Signaling. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:794568. [PMID: 35178026 PMCID: PMC8843746 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.794568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study was aimed to investigate the effects of JiaYanKangTai (JYKT) on regulating interleukin-17 (IL-17) signaling in rats with autoimmune thyroiditis. METHODS Lewis rats were administrated with JYKT for eight weeks after a seven-week subcutaneous injection of thyroglobulin with adjuvant and feeding iodine water. Ultrasonography was performed and total volume of thyroid was calculated. The expressions of autoantibodies and hormones were detected. Morphological changes of thyroid were observed. Metabolomics profile and metabolic network analysis were conducted. IL-17 signaling was detected by polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry separately. RESULTS JYKT reduced the mean volumes of thyroid, decreased both levels of TPOAb and TGAb, and alleviated lymphocytic infiltration of the thyroid. Metabolic network analysis of metabolomics proved IL-17 signaling pathway as a critical pathway in JYKT administration for autoimmune thyroiditis. JYKT downregulated expressions of IL-17A, TRAF6, p-ERK1/2 and TNF-α. CONCLUSION JYKT alleviated inflammatory lesions of experimental autoimmune thyroiditis by regulating IL-17 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajing Pan
- DongFang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Health Cultivation of Beijing, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Qiue Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Health Cultivation of Beijing, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xi’an, China
| | - Chengfei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Health Cultivation of Beijing, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Lili Wu
- Key Laboratory of Health Cultivation of Beijing, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Lingling Qin
- Key Laboratory of Health Cultivation of Beijing, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Tonghua Liu
- Key Laboratory of Health Cultivation of Beijing, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Tonghua Liu, ; Kaiwen Hu,
| | - Kaiwen Hu
- DongFang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Tonghua Liu, ; Kaiwen Hu,
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Lin CH, Lin CP, Huang ST. Successful intervention with Chinese herbal medicine for hyperthyroidism: Two case reports and a literature review. Explore (NY) 2020; 17:344-350. [PMID: 33109498 DOI: 10.1016/j.explore.2020.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hyperthyroidism, the excessive production of thyroid hormones, is most commonly attributed to autoimmune dysfunction such as Graves' disease. Western medical treatment of hyperthyroidism includes antithyroid medications, radioiodine, and thyroidectomy, all of which are associated with side effects. We describe the successful treatment of two patients with Graves' disease who used Chinese herbal medicine (CHM) with or without Western medicine. CASE PRESENTATION Both cases (a 50-year-old female [case 1] and a 56-year-old male [case 2]) received the Chinese herbal formula Jia Wei Xiao Yao San (JWXYS) as well as Prunella vulgaris, Fritillaria thunbergii, and Crassostrea gigas. Elevated thyroid hormone levels were restored to normal after 10 months of treatment in case 1 and 8 months in case 2. Neither patient experienced any complications or side effects during CHM treatment. Notably, symptoms and thyroid hormone levels have remained well controlled in both patients over 1 year of follow-up until the time of this report. To explore the possible mechanisms involved in CHM treatment of hyperthyroidism, we searched biomedical literature databases and reviewed the literature up to June 2020. CONCLUSIONS As for the hyperthyroidism almost was controlled by Western medicine instead of CHM, we report that JWXYS as well as Prunella vulgaris, Fritillaria thunbergii, and Crassostrea gigas was a safe and effective formula and we propose that CHM may be considered as either a first choice or combination therapy to control hyperthyroidism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Hui Lin
- Department of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, No. 2, Yude Road, North District, Taichung City 404332, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Pang Lin
- An-Nan Hospital, China Medical University, No. 66, Section 2, Zhanghe Road, Annan District, Tainan City 709, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Teng Huang
- Department of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, No. 2, Yude Road, North District, Taichung City 404332, Taiwan; An-Nan Hospital, China Medical University, No. 66, Section 2, Zhanghe Road, Annan District, Tainan City 709, Taiwan; School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, No. 91, Xueshi Road, North District, Taichung City 40402, Taiwan; Cancer Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, No. 2, Yude Road, North District, Taichung City 404332, Taiwan.
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