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Li L, Jiang P, Hu W, Zou F, Li M, Rao T, Ruan Y, Yu W, Ning J, Cheng F. AURKB promotes bladder cancer progression by deregulating the p53 DNA damage response pathway via MAD2L2. J Transl Med 2024; 22:295. [PMID: 38515112 PMCID: PMC10956193 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-024-05099-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bladder cancer (BC) is the most common urinary tract malignancy. Aurora kinase B (AURKB), a component of the chromosomal passenger protein complex, affects chromosomal segregation during cell division. Mitotic arrest-deficient 2-like protein 2 (MAD2L2) interacts with various proteins and contributes to genomic integrity. Both AURKB and MAD2L2 are overexpressed in various human cancers and have synergistic oncogenic effects; therefore, they are regarded as emerging therapeutic targets for cancer. However, the relationship between these factors and the mechanisms underlying their oncogenic activity in BC remains largely unknown. The present study aimed to explore the interactions between AURKB and MAD2L2 and how they affect BC progression via the DNA damage response (DDR) pathway. METHODS Bioinformatics was used to analyze the expression, prognostic value, and pro-tumoral function of AURKB in patients with BC. CCK-8 assay, colony-forming assay, flow cytometry, SA-β-gal staining, wound healing assay, and transwell chamber experiments were performed to test the viability, cell cycle progression, senescence, and migration and invasion abilities of BC cells in vitro. A nude mouse xenograft assay was performed to test the tumorigenesis ability of BC cells in vivo. The expression and interaction of proteins and the occurrence of the senescence-associated secretory phenotype were detected using western blot analysis, co-immunoprecipitation assay, and RT-qPCR. RESULTS AURKB was highly expressed and associated with prognosis in patients with BC. AURKB expression was positively correlated with MAD2L2 expression. We confirmed that AURKB interacts with, and modulates the expression of, MAD2L2 in BC cells. AURKB knockdown suppressed the proliferation, migration, and invasion abilities of, and cell cycle progression in, BC cells, inducing senescence in these cells. The effects of AURKB knockdown were rescued by MAD2L2 overexpression in vitro and in vivo. The effects of MAD2L2 knockdown were similar to those of AURKB knockdown. Furthermore, p53 ablation rescued the MAD2L2 knockdown-induced suppression of BC cell proliferation and cell cycle arrest and senescence in BC cells. CONCLUSIONS AURKB activates MAD2L2 expression to downregulate the p53 DDR pathway, thereby promoting BC progression. Thus, AURKB may serve as a potential molecular marker and a novel anticancer therapeutic target for BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linzhi Li
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Pengcheng Jiang
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Weimin Hu
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Fan Zou
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Ming Li
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Ting Rao
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Yuan Ruan
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Weimin Yu
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Jinzhuo Ning
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China.
| | - Fan Cheng
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China.
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Alaei M, Nazari SE, Pourali G, Asadnia A, Moetamani-Ahmadi M, Fiuji H, Tanzadehpanah H, Asgharzadeh F, Babaei F, Khojasteh-Leylakoohi F, Saeed Gataa I, Ali Kiani M, Ferns GA, Lam AKY, Hassanian SM, Khazaei M, Giovannetti E, Avan A. Therapeutic Potential of Targeting the Cytochrome P450 Enzymes Using Lopinavir/Ritonavir in Colorectal Cancer: A Study in Monolayers, Spheroids and In Vivo Models. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:3939. [PMID: 37568755 PMCID: PMC10417395 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15153939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Cytochrome P450 (CYP450) enzyme has been shown to be expressed in colorectal cancer (CRC) and its dysregulation is linked to tumor progression and a poor prognosis. Here we investigated the therapeutic potential of targeting CYP450 using lopinavir/ritonavir in CRC. The integrative systems biology method and RNAseq were utilized to investigate the differential levels of genes associated with patients with colorectal cancer. The antiproliferative activity of lopinavir/ritonavir was evaluated in both monolayer and 3-dimensional (3D) models, followed by wound-healing assays. The effectiveness of targeting CYP450 was examined in a mouse model, followed by histopathological analysis, biochemical tests (MDA, SOD, thiol, and CAT), and RT-PCR. The data of dysregulation expressed genes (DEG) revealed 1268 upregulated and 1074 down-regulated genes in CRC. Among the top-score genes and dysregulated pathways, CYPs were detected and associated with poor prognosis of patients with CRC. Inhibition of CYP450 reduced cell proliferation via modulating survivin, Chop, CYP13a, and induction of cell death, as detected by AnnexinV/PI staining. This agent suppressed the migratory behaviors of cells by induction of E-cadherin. Moreover, lopinavir/ritonavir suppressed tumor growth and fibrosis, which correlated with a reduction in SOD/thiol levels and increased MDA levels. Our findings illustrated the therapeutic potential of targeting the CYP450 using lopinavir/ritonavir in colorectal cancer, supporting future investigations on this novel therapeutic approach for the treatment of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Alaei
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad 13944-91388, Iran; (M.A.); (S.M.H.)
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad 13944-91388, Iran; (S.E.N.); (G.P.); (A.A.); (M.M.-A.); (H.T.); (F.A.); (F.B.); (F.K.-L.); (M.K.)
- Basic Sciences Research Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad 13944-91388, Iran; (H.F.); (M.A.K.)
| | - Seyedeh Elnaz Nazari
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad 13944-91388, Iran; (S.E.N.); (G.P.); (A.A.); (M.M.-A.); (H.T.); (F.A.); (F.B.); (F.K.-L.); (M.K.)
| | - Ghazaleh Pourali
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad 13944-91388, Iran; (S.E.N.); (G.P.); (A.A.); (M.M.-A.); (H.T.); (F.A.); (F.B.); (F.K.-L.); (M.K.)
- Basic Sciences Research Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad 13944-91388, Iran; (H.F.); (M.A.K.)
| | - AliReza Asadnia
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad 13944-91388, Iran; (S.E.N.); (G.P.); (A.A.); (M.M.-A.); (H.T.); (F.A.); (F.B.); (F.K.-L.); (M.K.)
- Basic Sciences Research Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad 13944-91388, Iran; (H.F.); (M.A.K.)
| | - Mehrdad Moetamani-Ahmadi
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad 13944-91388, Iran; (S.E.N.); (G.P.); (A.A.); (M.M.-A.); (H.T.); (F.A.); (F.B.); (F.K.-L.); (M.K.)
| | - Hamid Fiuji
- Basic Sciences Research Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad 13944-91388, Iran; (H.F.); (M.A.K.)
| | - Hamid Tanzadehpanah
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad 13944-91388, Iran; (S.E.N.); (G.P.); (A.A.); (M.M.-A.); (H.T.); (F.A.); (F.B.); (F.K.-L.); (M.K.)
- Antimicrobial Resistance Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad 91779-49367, Iran
| | - Fereshteh Asgharzadeh
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad 13944-91388, Iran; (S.E.N.); (G.P.); (A.A.); (M.M.-A.); (H.T.); (F.A.); (F.B.); (F.K.-L.); (M.K.)
| | - Fatemeh Babaei
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad 13944-91388, Iran; (S.E.N.); (G.P.); (A.A.); (M.M.-A.); (H.T.); (F.A.); (F.B.); (F.K.-L.); (M.K.)
| | - Fatemeh Khojasteh-Leylakoohi
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad 13944-91388, Iran; (S.E.N.); (G.P.); (A.A.); (M.M.-A.); (H.T.); (F.A.); (F.B.); (F.K.-L.); (M.K.)
- Basic Sciences Research Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad 13944-91388, Iran; (H.F.); (M.A.K.)
| | | | - Mohammad Ali Kiani
- Basic Sciences Research Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad 13944-91388, Iran; (H.F.); (M.A.K.)
| | - Gordon A. Ferns
- Department of Medical Education, Brighton & Sussex Medical School, Falmer, Brighton, Sussex BN1 9PH, UK;
| | - Alfred King-yin Lam
- Pathology, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Gold Coast Campus, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD 4222, Australia;
| | - Seyed Mahdi Hassanian
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad 13944-91388, Iran; (M.A.); (S.M.H.)
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad 13944-91388, Iran; (S.E.N.); (G.P.); (A.A.); (M.M.-A.); (H.T.); (F.A.); (F.B.); (F.K.-L.); (M.K.)
- Basic Sciences Research Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad 13944-91388, Iran; (H.F.); (M.A.K.)
| | - Majid Khazaei
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad 13944-91388, Iran; (S.E.N.); (G.P.); (A.A.); (M.M.-A.); (H.T.); (F.A.); (F.B.); (F.K.-L.); (M.K.)
- Basic Sciences Research Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad 13944-91388, Iran; (H.F.); (M.A.K.)
| | - Elisa Giovannetti
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam U.M.C., VU. University Medical Center (VUMC), 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Cancer Pharmacology Lab, AIRC Start Up Unit, Fondazione Pisana per La Scienza, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Amir Avan
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad 13944-91388, Iran; (S.E.N.); (G.P.); (A.A.); (M.M.-A.); (H.T.); (F.A.); (F.B.); (F.K.-L.); (M.K.)
- College of Medicine, University of Warith Al-Anbiyaa, Karbala 56001, Iraq;
- Faculty of Health, School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4059, Australia
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Makgoo L, Mosebi S, Mbita Z. Molecular Mechanisms of HIV Protease Inhibitors Against HPV-Associated Cervical Cancer: Restoration of TP53 Tumour Suppressor Activities. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:875208. [PMID: 35620479 PMCID: PMC9127998 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.875208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cervical cancer is a Human Papilloma virus-related disease, which is on the rise in a number of countries, globally. Two essential oncogenes, E6 and E7, drive cell transformation and cancer development. These two oncoproteins target two of the most important tumour suppressors, p53 and pRB, for degradation through the ubiquitin ligase pathway, thus, blocking apoptosis activation and deregulation of cell cycle. This pathway can be exploited for anticancer therapeutic interventions, and Human Immunodeficiency Virus Protease Inhibitors (HIV-PIs) have attracted a lot of attention for this anticancer drug development. HIV-PIs have proven effective in treating HPV-positive cervical cancers and shown to restore impaired or deregulated p53 in HPV-associated cervical cancers by inhibiting the 26S proteasome. This review will evaluate the role players, such as HPV oncoproteins involved cervical cancer development and how they are targeted in HIV protease inhibitors-induced p53 restoration in cervical cancer. This review also covers the therapeutic potential of HIV protease inhibitors and molecular mechanisms behind the HIV protease inhibitors-induced p53-dependent anticancer activities against cervical cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilian Makgoo
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Biotechnology, University of Limpopo, Sovenga, South Africa
| | - Salerwe Mosebi
- Department of Life and Consumer Sciences, University of South Africa, Florida, South Africa
| | - Zukile Mbita
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Biotechnology, University of Limpopo, Sovenga, South Africa
- *Correspondence: Zukile Mbita,
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Sivandzadeh GR, Askari H, Safarpour AR, Ejtehadi F, Raeis-Abdollahi E, Vaez Lari A, Abazari MF, Tarkesh F, Bagheri Lankarani K. COVID-19 infection and liver injury: Clinical features, biomarkers, potential mechanisms, treatment, and management challenges. World J Clin Cases 2021; 9:6178-6200. [PMID: 34434987 PMCID: PMC8362548 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v9.i22.6178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
It is hypothesized that liver impairment caused by coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection might play a central role in severe clinical presentations. Liver injury is closely associated with severe disease and, even with antiviral drugs, have a poor prognosis in COVID-19 patients. In addition to the common hepatobiliary disorders caused by COVID-19, patients with pre-existing liver diseases demand special considerations during the current pandemic. Thus, it is vital that upon clinical presentation, patients with concurrent pre-existing liver disease associated with metabolic dysfunction and COVID-19 be managed properly to prevent liver failure. Careful monitoring and early detection of liver damage through biomarkers after hospitalization for COVID-19 is underscored in all cases, particularly in those with pre-existing metabolic liver injury. The purpose of this study was to determine most recent evidence regarding causality, potential risk factors, and challenges, therapeutic options, and management of COVID-19 infection in vulnerable patients with pre-existing liver injury. This review aims to highlight the current frontier of COVID-19 infection and liver injury and the direction of liver injury in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gholam Reza Sivandzadeh
- Gastroenterohepatology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz 7193635899, Iran
| | - Hassan Askari
- Gastroenterohepatology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz 7193635899, Iran
| | - Ali Reza Safarpour
- Gastroenterohepatology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz 7193635899, Iran
| | - Fardad Ejtehadi
- Gastroenterohepatology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz 7193635899, Iran
| | - Ehsan Raeis-Abdollahi
- Department of Medical Sciences, Qom Medical Branch, Islamic Azad University, Qom 1417613151, Iran
| | - Armaghan Vaez Lari
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Science, Ahvaz 6135715794, Iran
| | - Mohammad Foad Abazari
- Research Center for Clinical Virology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1417653761, Iran
| | - Firoozeh Tarkesh
- Gastroenterohepatology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz 7193635899, Iran
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García-Trejo JJ, Ortega R, Zarco-Zavala M. Putative Repurposing of Lamivudine, a Nucleoside/Nucleotide Analogue and Antiretroviral to Improve the Outcome of Cancer and COVID-19 Patients. Front Oncol 2021; 11:664794. [PMID: 34367956 PMCID: PMC8335563 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.664794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Lamivudine, also widely known as 3TC belongs to a family of nucleotide/nucleoside analogues of cytidine or cytosine that inhibits the Reverse Transcriptase (RT) of retroviruses such as HIV. Lamivudine is currently indicated in combination with other antiretroviral agents for the treatment of HIV-1 infection or for chronic Hepatitis B (HBV) virus infection associated with evidence of hepatitis B viral replication and active liver inflammation. HBV reactivation in patients with HBV infections who receive anticancer chemotherapy can be a life-threatening complication during and after the completion of chemotherapy. Lamivudine is used, as well as other antiretrovirals, to prevent the reactivation of the Hepatitis B virus during and after chemotherapy. In addition, Lamivudine has been shown to sensitize cancer cells to chemotherapy. Lamivudine and other similar analogues also have direct positive effects in the prevention of cancer in hepatitis B or HIV positive patients, independently of chemotherapy or radiotherapy. Recently, it has been proposed that Lamivudine might be also repurposed against SARS-CoV-2 in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. In this review we first examine recent reports on the re-usage of Lamivudine or 3TC against the SARS-CoV-2, and we present docking evidence carried out in silico suggesting that Lamivudine may bind and possibly work as an inhibitor of the SARS-CoV-2 RdRp RNA polymerase. We also evaluate and propose assessment of repurposing Lamivudine as anti-SARS-CoV-2 and anti-COVID-19 antiviral. Secondly, we summarize the published literature on the use of Lamivudine or (3TC) before or during chemotherapy to prevent reactivation of HBV, and examine reports of enhanced effectiveness of radiotherapy in combination with Lamivudine treatment against the cancerous cells or tissues. We show that the anti-cancer properties of Lamivudine are well established, whereas its putative anti-COVID effect is under investigation. The side effects of lamivudine and the appearance of resistance to 3TC are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- José J García-Trejo
- Department of Biology, Laboratory of Bioenergetics, Chemistry Faculty and School, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Raquel Ortega
- Department of Biology, Laboratory of Bioenergetics, Chemistry Faculty and School, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Mariel Zarco-Zavala
- Department of Biology, Laboratory of Bioenergetics, Chemistry Faculty and School, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), Mexico City, Mexico
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Marima R, Hull R, Penny C, Dlamini Z. Mitotic syndicates Aurora Kinase B (AURKB) and mitotic arrest deficient 2 like 2 (MAD2L2) in cohorts of DNA damage response (DDR) and tumorigenesis. MUTATION RESEARCH-REVIEWS IN MUTATION RESEARCH 2021; 787:108376. [PMID: 34083040 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrrev.2021.108376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Aurora Kinase B (AURKB) and Mitotic Arrest Deficient 2 Like 2 (MAD2L2) are emerging anticancer therapeutic targets. AURKB and MAD2L2 are the least well studied members of their protein families, compared to AURKA and MAD2L1. Both AURKB and MAD2L2 play a critical role in mitosis, cell cycle checkpoint, DNA damage response (DDR) and normal physiological processes. However, the oncogenic roles of AURKB and MAD2L2 in tumorigenesis and genomic instability have also been reported. DDR acts as an arbitrator for cell fate by either repairing the damage or directing the cell to self-destruction. While there is strong evidence of interphase DDR, evidence of mitotic DDR is just emerging and remains largely unelucidated. To date, inhibitors of the DDR components show effective anti-cancer roles. Contrarily, long-term resistance towards drugs that target only one DDR target is becoming a challenge. Targeting interactions between protein-protein or protein-DNA holds prominent therapeutic potential. Both AURKB and MAD2L2 play critical roles in the success of mitosis and their emerging roles in mitotic DDR cannot be ignored. Small molecule inhibitors for AURKB are in clinical trials. A few lead compounds towards MAD2L2 inhibition have been discovered. Targeting mitotic DDR components and their interaction is emerging as a potent next generation anti-cancer therapeutic target. This can be done by developing small molecule inhibitors for AURKB and MAD2L2, thereby targeting DDR components as anti-cancer therapeutic targets and/or targeting mitotic DDR. This review focuses on AURKB and MAD2L2 prospective synergy to deregulate the p53 DDR pathway and promote favourable conditions for uncontrolled cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahaba Marima
- SA-MRC/UP Precision Prevention and Novel Drug Targets for HIV-Associated Cancers Extramural Unit, Pan African Cancer Research Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Hatfield, 0028, South Africa.
| | - Rodney Hull
- SA-MRC/UP Precision Prevention and Novel Drug Targets for HIV-Associated Cancers Extramural Unit, Pan African Cancer Research Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Hatfield, 0028, South Africa
| | - Clement Penny
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Parktown, 2193, South Africa
| | - Zodwa Dlamini
- SA-MRC/UP Precision Prevention and Novel Drug Targets for HIV-Associated Cancers Extramural Unit, Pan African Cancer Research Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Hatfield, 0028, South Africa
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