Anti-inflammatory potential of myristic acid and palmitic acid synergism against systemic candidiasis in Danio rerio (Zebrafish)

Perception of the Biocontrol Potential and Palmitic Acid Biosynthesis Pathway of Bacillus subtilis H2 through Merging Genome Mining with Chemical Analysis

Bacillus has been widely studied for its potential to protect plants from pathogens. Here, we report the whole genome sequence of Bacillus subtilis H2, which was isolated from the tea garden soil of Guiyang Forest Park. Strain H2 showed a broad spectrum of antagonistic activities against many plant fungal pathogens and bacteria pathogens, including the rice blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae, and showed a good field control effect against rice blast. The complete genome of B. subtilis H2 contained a 4,160,635-bp circular chromosome, with an average G + C content of 43.78%. Through the genome mining of strain H2, we identified 7 known antimicrobial compound biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) including sporulation killing factor, surfactin, bacillaene, fengycin, bacillibactin, subtilosin A, and bacilysin. Palmitic acid (PA), a secondary metabolite, was detected and identified in the H2 strain through genome mining analysis and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Additionally, we propose, for the first time, that the type II fatty acid synthesis (FAS) pathway in Bacillus is responsible for PA biosynthesis. This finding was confirmed by studying the antimicrobial activity of PA and conducting reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) experiments. We also identified numerous genes associated with plant-bacteria interactions in the H2 genome, including more than 94 colonization-related genes, more than 34 antimicrobial genes, and more than 13 plant growth-promoting genes. These findings contribute to our understanding of the biocontrol mechanisms of B. subtilis H2 and have potential applications in crop disease control.

Exploring the therapeutic potential of Prinsepia utilis Royle seed oil: A comprehensive study on chemical composition, physicochemical properties, anti-inflammatory, and analgesic activities

ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE

Prinsepiautilis (PU) Royle, native to the Himalayan region, is a deciduous thorny shrub with numerous traditional uses of its roots, leaves and seeds for treatment of conditions such as rheumatic pain, joint pain, arthritis, and inflammation.

AIM OF THE STUDY

Keeping in mind the growing demand of products of natural origin as alternate medicine, the present study was undertaken to scientifically validate for the first time the traditional claims of healing pain and inflammation by evaluating the fatty oil isolated from the seeds using established in vitro and in vivo models.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

PU Seeds were Soxhlet extracted using n-hexane and fatty oil was isolated. Chemical composition of the oil was established with the aid of Gas Chromatography-Flame Ionization Detection (GC-FID) and Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). The oil was then subjected to in vitro anti-inflammatory activity by following the established protocols of trypsin inhibitory and bovine serum albumin denaturation assays. The acute toxicity of the oil was also studied using OECD guidelines 423. The anti-inflammatory property of the oil was further evaluated using carrageenan-induced and formalin-induced edema in the rat paw. Moreover, hot plate latency and tail immersion assay were employed to evaluate analgesic activity of the oil. To establish the quality of the oil, various physicochemical properties were also studied.

RESULTS

GC-FID and GC-MS analysis of the oil revealed the presence of linoleic acid (59.06 ± 0.00%), oleic acid (28.11 ± 0.01%), palmitic acid (9.51 ± 0.01%) and stearic acid (3.32 ± 0.01%). In vitro trypsin inhibitory and bovine serum albumin denaturation assay revealed dose-dependent notable activity of the oil with IC50 value of 63.57 μg/mL and 518.14 μg/mL, respectively. The physico-chemical characterization demonstrated that the oil possesses a low acidity and a high oxidative stability index. The oil was found to be non-toxic and displayed effective anti-inflammatory activities with significant inhibition till 4 h in carrageenan-induced and formalin-induced rat paw edema at maximum tested dose of 200 mg/kg b.w. The oil also exhibited significant results in hot plate latency and tail immersion assay with positive effects showing up to 4 h after dose administration.

CONCLUSION

These findings, besides supporting the traditional claims, suggest that P. utilis seed oil has potential therapeutic applications as a natural anti-inflammatory and analgesic agent. Further studies are warranted to explore its mechanisms of action and potential use in pharmaceutical and nutraceutical industries.

Radiation-Detoxified Form of Endotoxin Effectively Activates Th1 Responses and Attenuates Ragweed-Induced Th2-Type Airway Inflammation in Mice

Urbanization with reduced microbial exposure is associated with an increased burden of asthma and atopic symptoms. Conversely, environmental exposure to endotoxins in childhood can protect against the development of allergies. Our study aimed to investigate whether the renaturation of the indoor environment with aerosolized radiation-detoxified lipopolysaccharide (RD-LPS) has a preventative effect against the development of ragweed-induced Th2-type airway inflammation. To explore this, cages of six-week-old BALB/c mice were treated daily with aerosolized native LPS (N-LPS) or RD-LPS. After a 10-week treatment period, mice were sensitized and challenged with ragweed pollen extract, and inflammatory cell infiltration into the airways was observed. As dendritic cells (DCs) play a crucial role in the polarization of T-cell responses, in our in vitro experiments, the effects of N-LPS and RD-LPS were compared on human monocyte-derived DCs (moDCs). Mice in RD-LPS-rich milieu developed significantly less allergic airway inflammation than mice in N-LPS-rich or common environments. The results of our in vitro experiments demonstrate that RD-LPS-exposed moDCs have a higher Th1-polarizing capacity than moDCs exposed to N-LPS. Consequently, we suppose that the aerosolized, non-toxic RD-LPS applied in early life for the renaturation of urban indoors may be suitable for the prevention of Th2-mediated allergies in childhood.

Study on the inhibitory effect of fermentation extract of Microporus vernicipes on Candida albicans

Candida albicans is one of the most common species of Candida, which cause various mucosal and systemic infectious diseases. However, the resistance rate to existing clinical antifungal drugs gradually increases in C. albicans. Therefore, new antifungal drugs must be developed to solve the current problem. This study discovered that the solid fermented ethyl acetate crude extract of Microporus vernicipes had inhibitory activity on C. albicans. This study determined that the Mv5 components had significantly inhibited the activity of C. albicans using column chromatography separation component screening. The components included 23 compounds of fatty acids and their derivatives, alkaloids, phenols, and other classes using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography tandem high-resolution mass spectrometry (UHPLC-HR-MS) analysis, with fatty acids constituting the primary components. The mechanism of action showed that the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of Mv5 components against C. albicans was 15.63 μg/mL, while minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) was 31.25 μg/mL. Mv5 components can inhibit the early biofilm formation and destroy the mature biofilm structure. It can inhibit the germ tube growth of C. albicans, thereby inhibiting the transformation of yeast morphology to hyphae. We detected 193 differentially expressed genes, including 156 upregulated and 37 downregulated genes in the Mv5 components of the MIC concentration group. We detected 391 differentially expressed genes, including 334 upregulated and 57 downregulated expression genes in the MFC concentration group. Among these differentially expressed genes, the genes related to mycelium and biofilm formation were significantly downregulated. GO enrichment analysis presented that single-organism process metabolic process, and cellular processes were the biological processes with the most gene enrichment. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG)of Mv5 components were mainly enriched in metabolic pathways, such as meiosis yeast and amino acid metabolism. Therefore, it is believed that the fermentation extract of M. vernicipes inhibits C. albicans, which can provide clues for developing effective antifungal drugs.

Two novel phages PSPa and APPa inhibit planktonic, sessile and persister populations of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and mitigate its virulence in Zebrafish model

The present study explores the avenue of phage therapy as an alternative antimicrobial therapeutic approach to counter multidrug-resistant (MDR) Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection. Our study investigated two novel virulent phages PSPa and APPa, specific to P. aeruginosa, in which in vitro evaluations were carried out to assess the therapeutic potential of phages. Both the identified phages exhibited host specificity by showing antagonistic activity of about 96.43% (27/28) and 92.85% (26/28) towards the 28 MDR clinical isolates of P. aeruginosa. The PSPa phage was found to have linear dsDNA with a sequence length of 66,368 bp and 92 ORFs, of which 32 were encoded for known functions of the phage life cycle and the remaining 60 were hypothetical functions. The APPa phage was found to have linear dsDNA with 59,591 bp of genome length and 79 ORFs, of which 15 were found to have known phage functions and the remaining 64 were found to be hypothetical proteins. Notably, the genome of both the phages lacks genes coding for tRNA, rRNA, and tmRNA. The phylogenetic analysis revealed that PSPa and APPa share > 95% sequence similarity with previously sequenced Pseudomonas viruses of their respective families. Further, the in vivo efficacy evaluation using the zebrafish model revealed that the treatment with PSPa and APPa has remarkably improved the survival rate of bacterial-infected zebrafish, reinforcing the anti-infective potential of the isolated phages PSPa and APPa against P. aeruginosa infection.

Stearyl palmitate a multi-target inhibitor against breast cancer: in-silico, in-vitro & in-vivo approach

Multi-target inhibitors are currently trending in the pharmaceutical research, as they possess increased efficacy and reduced toxicity. In this study multi-target inhibitors for breast cancer are explored from a curated list of natural products, i.e. 4,670 phytochemicals belonging to 360 medicinal plants. In-silico screening of phytochemicals using SeeSAR and AutoDock Vina resulted in identification of Stearyl Palmitate as a potential drug molecule that inhibits three drug targets, i.e. HER-2, MEK-1 and PARP-1 proteins. Molecular Dynamics Simulation for 100 ns each for these three protein-ligand complexes using Desmond, Maestro platform also confirmed the prediction of multi-target inhibition by Stearyl Palmitate. Further in-vitro MTT assay demonstrated that Stearyl Palmitate has a significant IC50 value of 40 µM against MCF-7 cells and >1000 µM against L929 cells. This confirmed that Stearyl Palmitate is having selective cytotoxicity towards breast cancer cells in comparison to non-cancerous cells. Fluorescence staining and flow cytometry analysis confirmed that, Stearyl Palmitate is inducing apoptosis in MCF-7 cells at IC50 concentration. Finally, in-vivo efficacy and toxicity studies were performed using zebrafishes (Danio rerio). It was observed that the fishes treated with IC50 concentration of Stearyl Palmitate demonstrated 2x folds reduction in tumour size, while double dose resulted in 4x folds reduction in tumour size. Stearyl Palmitate did not demonstrate any toxicity or side effects in the zebrafishes. It is concluded that, Stearyl Palmitate, a phytochemical reported to be present in Althea officinalis is a potential anti-breast cancer agent, with ability to inhibit multiple targets such as HER-2, MEK-1 and PARP-2 proteins.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.

Early hyperlipidemia triggers metabolomic reprogramming with increased SAH, increased acetyl-CoA-cholesterol synthesis, and decreased glycolysis

To identify metabolomic reprogramming in early hyperlipidemia, unbiased metabolome was screened in four tissues from ApoE-/- mice fed with high fat diet (HFD) for 3 weeks. 30, 122, 67, and 97 metabolites in the aorta, heart, liver, and plasma, respectively, were upregulated. 9 upregulated metabolites were uremic toxins, and 13 metabolites, including palmitate, promoted a trained immunity with increased syntheses of acetyl-CoA and cholesterol, increased S-adenosylhomocysteine (SAH) and hypomethylation and decreased glycolysis. The cross-omics analysis found upregulation of 11 metabolite synthetases in ApoE‾/‾ aorta, which promote ROS, cholesterol biosynthesis, and inflammation. Statistical correlation of 12 upregulated metabolites with 37 gene upregulations in ApoE‾/‾ aorta indicated 9 upregulated new metabolites to be proatherogenic. Antioxidant transcription factor NRF2-/- transcriptome analysis indicated that NRF2 suppresses trained immunity-metabolomic reprogramming. Our results have provided novel insights on metabolomic reprogramming in multiple tissues in early hyperlipidemia oriented toward three co-existed new types of trained immunity.

Hesperidin methylchalcone (HMC) hinders amyloid-β induced Alzheimer's disease by attenuating cholinesterase activity, macromolecular damages, oxidative stress and apoptosis via regulating NF-κB and Nrf2/HO-1 pathways

Phytocompounds therapy has recently emerged as an effective strategy to treat Alzheimer's disease. Herein, the protective effect of hesperidin methylchalcone (HMC) was evaluated through Alzheimer's disease models of Neuro-2a cells and Wistar rats. The in vitro results showed that HMC possesses significant ability to inhibit the acetylcholinesterase enzyme and exhibiting anti-aggregation and disaggregation properties. Furthermore, HMC could protect the Neuro-2a cells against Aβ-induced neurotoxicity. Simultaneously, HMC treatment significantly improved the cognitive deficits caused by Aβ-peptide on spatial memory in Wistar rats. HMC significantly enhanced the cholinergic effects by inhibiting AChE, BuChE, β-secretase activity, caspase-3 activity, and attenuating macromolecular damages and apoptosis. Notably, HMC reduced the Aβ-induced oxidative stress by activating the antioxidative defence enzymes. In addition, the HMC treatment suppressed the expression of immunocytokines such as p-NF-κB p65, p-IκBα, induced by Aβ; whereas upregulating Nrf2, HO-1 in brain homogenate. These results suggest that HMC could attenuate Aβ-induced neuroinflammation in brain via suppressing NF-κB signalling pathway and activating the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway, thereby improving memory and cognitive impairments in Wistar rats. Overall, the present study reports that HMC can act as a potent candidate with multi-faceted neuroprotective potential against Aβ-induced memory dysfunction in Wistar rats for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease.

The Anti-Biofilm Potential of Linalool, a Major Compound from Hedychium larsenii, against Streptococcus pyogenes and Its Toxicity Assessment in Danio rerio

The anti-biofilm and anti-virulence potential of the essential oil (E.O.) extracted from Hedychium larsenii M. Dan & Sathish was determined against Streptococcus pyogenes. A crystal violet assay was employed to quantify the biofilm. Linalool, a monoterpene alcohol from the E.O., showed concentration-dependent biofilm inhibition, with a maximum of 91% at a concentration of 0.004% (v/v). The AlamarBlueTM assay also confirmed Linalool’s non-bactericidal anti-biofilm efficacy (0.004%). Linalool treatment impeded micro-colony formation, mature biofilm architecture, surface coverage, and biofilm thickness and impaired cell surface hydrophobicity and EPS production. Cysteine protease synthesis was quantified using the Azocasein assay, and Linalool treatment augmented its production. This suggests that Linalool destabilizes the biofilm matrix. It altered the expression of core regulons covRS, mga, srv, and ropB, and genes associated with virulence and biofilm formation, such as speB, dltA, slo, hasA, and ciaH, as revealed by qPCR analysis. Cytotoxicity analysis using human kidney cells (HEK) and the histopathological analysis in Danio rerio proved Linalool to be a druggable molecule against the biofilms formed by S. pyogenes. This is the first report on Linalool’s anti-biofilm and anti-virulence potential against S. pyogenes.

Hesperidin methyl chalcone, a citrus flavonoid, inhibits Aeromonas hydrophila infection mediated by quorum sensing

Plant-derived phytocompounds are effective in treating a variety of ailments and disorders, the most common of which are bacterial infections in humans, which are a major public health concern. Flavonoids, one of the groups of phytocompounds, are known to have significant antimicrobial and anti-infective properties. Hence, the current study investigates the efficacy of the citrus flavonoid hesperidin methylchalcone (HMC) in addressing this major issue. The results of this study indicate that the anti-quorum sensing (anti-QS) action against Aeromonas hydrophila infections is exhibited with a decrease in biofilm development and virulence factors production through in vitro and in silico analyses. In addition, the qPCR findings indicate that HMC has antivirulence action on A. hydrophila by reducing the expression of QS-related virulence genes, including ahyR, ahyB, ahh1, aerA, and lip. Interestingly, HMC significantly rescued the A. hydrophila-infected zebrafish by reducing the internal colonization, demonstrating the in vivo anti-infective potential of HMC against A. hydrophila infection. Based on these results, this study recommends that HMC could be employed as a possible therapeutic agent to treat A. hydrophila-related infections in humans.

A GC-MS-based untargeted metabolomics approach for comprehensive metabolic profiling of vancomycin-induced toxicity in mice

Background

Vancomycin is a glycopeptide antibiotic that is commonly used for severe drug-resistant infections treatment. Application of vancomycin frequently leads to severe ototoxicity, hepatotoxicity, and nephrotoxicity; however, the comprehensive metabolic analysis of vancomycin-induced toxicity is lacking.

Purpose

This study attempted to investigate the metabolic changes after vancomycin administration in mice.

Methods

Experimental mice (n = 9) received continuous intraperitoneal injection of vancomycin (400 mg/kg) every day for 7 days, and mice in control group (n = 9) were treated with the same amount of normal saline. Pathological changes of the kidney were examined using haematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining. A gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) approach was used to identify discriminant metabolites in serum and various organs including the heart, liver, kidney, spleen, cerebral cortex, hippocampus, inner ear, lung, and intestine. The potential metabolites were identified using orthogonal partial least squares discrimination analysis (OPLS-DA). Subsequently, the MetaboAnalyst 5.0 (http://www.metaboanalyst.ca) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes database (KEGG, http://www.kegg.jp) were employed to depict the metabolic pathways.

Results

Compared with the control group, the vancomycin induced 13, 17, 27, 22, 16, 10, 17, 11, 10, and 7 differential metabolites in the serum, liver, kidney, heart, cerebral cortex, lung, spleen, intestine, hippocampus, and inner ear, respectively. Further pathway analyses identified that amino acids metabolism, fatty acids biosynthesis, energy metabolism, and lipid metabolism were disrupted after VCM exposure.

Conclusion

Vancomycin affects the metabolism in various organs in mice, which provides new insights for identification of vancomycin-induced toxicity, and facilitate to better understanding of the metabolic pathogenesis of vancomycin.

Photoluminescent carbon dots (PCDs) from sour apple: a biocompatible nanomaterial for preventing UHMWPE wear-particle induced osteolysis via modulating Chemerin/ChemR23 and SIRT1 signaling pathway and its bioimaging application

Photoluminescent nanomaterials have been widely employed in several biological applications both in vitro and in vivo. For the first time, we report a novel application of sour apple-derived photoluminescent carbon dots (PCDs) for reducing ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) wear particle-induced osteolysis using mouse calvarial model. Generally, aseptic prosthetic loosening seems to be a significant postoperative problem for artificial joints replacement, which is mainly contributed by UHMWPE-induced osteolysis. Hence, inhibiting osteoclastic bone-resorption could minimize UHMWPE-induced osteolysis for implant loosening. Prior to osteolysis studies, the prepared sour apple-derived PCDs were employed for bioimaging application. As expected, the prepared PCDs effectively inhibited the UHMWPE particle-induced osteoclastogenesis in vitro. The PCDs treatment effectively inhibited the UHMWPE-induced osteoclast differentiation, F-actin ring pattern, and bone resorption in vitro. Also, the PCDs reduced the UHMWPE-induced ROS stress as well as the expression level of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including TNF-α, IL-1, IL-6, and IL-8. Further, the qPCR and western blot results hypothesized that PCDs inhibited the UHMWPE wear particle-induced osteolysis through suppressing chemerin/ChemR23 signaling and NFATc1 pathway, along with upregulation of SIRT1 expression. Overall, these findings suggest that the synthesized PCDs could be a potential therapeutic material for minimizing UHMWPE particle-induced periprosthetic osteolysis to avoid postoperative complications.

Soil-derived Streptomyces sp. GMR22 producing antibiofilm activity against Candida albicans: bioassay, untargeted LC-HRMS, and gene cluster analysis

Biofilm-forming fungi, Candida albicans, are currently a serious problem in infectious disease cases. Soil bacteria Streptomyces sp. GMR22 have a large genome size and antifungal metabolites against C. albicans, but its potential antibiofilm activity is not clearly defined. The aims of this study were to determine the antibiofilm activity of GMR22 against C. albicans, identify the main constituents of active extracts, and investigate the biosynthesis gene clusters encoding the enzymes related to metabolism pathways. Antifungal and antibiofilm measurements were performed using in vitro assays on C. albicans ATCC 10231. Main constituents of active extracts were analyzed using untargeted Liquid Chromatography tandem High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry (LC-HRMS). RAST software was applied to investigate the gene clusters of the biosynthesis pathways based on whole genome sequences. Chloroform extract of GMR22 has antifungal and antibiofilm properties at 13-420 μg/mL with palmitic acid (C₁₆H₃₂O₂, 273.27028 Da), a saturated fatty acid as a major constituent (42.74). Streptomyces sp. GMR22 has 53 subsystems related to fatty acids biosynthesis (Fab) FAS II. The Kyoto Encyclopedia of Gene and Genome map of Fab revealed 10 of 21 (47.6%) gene clusters encode enzymes related to Fab. There were six gene clusters encoding the enzymes related to the hexadecenoic acid (palmitic acid) biosynthesis pathways: 6.4.12; FabD, FabH, FabF, FabG, FabI and 1.14.192. Each enzyme was encoded by 3-14 genes. These results confirmed that soil Streptomyces sp. GMR22 bacterium has remarkable biotechnological potential by producing fatty acids which are mostly palmitic acid as an active antibiofilm agent against C. albicans.

Sauropus androgynus (L.) Merr.: a multipurpose plant with multiple uses in traditional ethnic culinary and ethnomedicinal preparations

Various plants form the basis of multiple traditional ethnic cuisines and ethnomedicinal practices across the globe. The ethnic cuisines cater to the nutritional, dietary and medicinal requirements of the tribal and rural communities even today. Using literature from various scholarly databases, this study was conducted to consolidate a comprehensive review on the use of Sauropus androgynus (L.) Merr. in various traditional ethnic cuisines and ethnomedicinal preparations across the globe. The survey shows that it is used in multiple ethnic cuisines and is variously known in different countries and among the communities. Further, it possesses multiple nutritional and ethnomedicinal properties. Considering its importance in ethnic foods and ethnomedicinal preparations, it is important to investigate the nutritional composition, phytochemical constitution and pharmacological basis of ethnomedicinal uses. Therefore, we further compiled this information and found that it is a rich source of both micro- and macronutrients and packed with several bioactive compounds. Survey of pharmacological studies on its traditional medicinal uses supports its ethnomedicinal properties. Despite its importance in traditional food and ethnomedicinal systems, it remains underexplored. Limited information on the toxicity of its various extracts shows that further studies should be conducted to understand its safety aspects. Further clinical studies to prospect possible drug candidates from it should be attempted.

Tocopherol and phytol possess anti-quorum sensing mediated anti-infective behavior against Vibrio campbellii in aquaculture: An in vitro and in vivo study

Phytocompounds have long been well recognized in medicine and pharmacy. The natural compounds are frequently utilized as the fundamental resource in the development of novel therapeutic agents to treat bacterial infections. The rapid emergence of bacterial infections, particularly caused by Vibrio species, is seen as a serious concern for the development of aquaculture industries, resulting in substantial economic losses throughout the world. Notably, the presence of Vibrio campbellii in aquatic environments will be extremely problematic, leading to significant mortality in aquatic organisms. As a result, novel therapeutic agents are desperately needed to treat such diseases. This is the first research to demonstrate that plant-derived active compounds, tocopherol and phytol, are effective against V. campbellii infection in tomato clownfish. The findings showed that tocopherol and phytol significantly decreased the production of biofilm and virulence factors such as hemolysin, protease, lipase, hydrophobic index, and swimming motility in V. campbellii, without influencing the bacterial growth. In vivo experiments with tomato clownfish also proved that these phytocompound treatments significantly increased the survival rates of infected fishes by hindering the intestinal colonization of V. campbellii in tomato clownfish. Further, the disease protection efficacy against the pathognomonic sign of V. campbellii-infection was verified by histopathological investigation of the gills, gut, and kidney. Altogether, the results suggest that tocopherol and phytol could be promising therapeutic agents for the treatment of V. campbellii infections in aquaculture.

Preparation of SA-PA-LA/EG/CF CPCM and Its Application in Battery Thermal Management

To improve the heat dissipation efficiency of batteries, the eutectic mass ratios of each component in the ternary low-melting phase change material (PCM), consisting of stearic acid (SA), palmitic acid (PA), and lauric acid (LA), was explored in this study. Subsequently, based on the principle of high thermal conductivity and low leakage, SA-PA-LA/expanded graphite (EG)/carbon fiber (CF) composite phase change material (CPCM) was prepared. A novel double-layer CPCM, with different melting points, was designed for the battery-temperature control test. Lastly, the thermal management performance of non-CPCM, single-layer CPCM, and double-layer CPCM was compared via multi-condition charge and discharge experiments. When the mass ratio of SA to PA is close to 8:2, better eutectic state is achieved, whereas the eutectic mass ratio of the components of SA-PA-LA in ternary PCM is 29.6:7.4:63. SA-PA-LA/EG/CF CPCM formed by physical adsorption has better mechanical properties, thermal stability, and faster heat storage and heat release rate than PCM. When the CF content in SA-PA-LA/EG/CF CPCM is 5%, and the mass ratio of SA-PA-LA to EG is 91:9, the resulting SA-PA-LA/EG/CF CPCM has lower leakage rate and better thermal conductivity. The temperature control effect of single-layer paraffin wax (PW)/EG/CF CPCM is evident when compared to the no-CPCM condition. However, the double-layer CPCM (PW/EG/CF and SA-PA-LA/EG/CF CPCM) can further reduce the temperature rise of the battery, effectively control the temperature and temperature difference, and primarily maintain the battery in a lower temperature range during usage. After adding an aluminum honeycomb to the double-layer CPCM, the double-layer CPCM exhibited better thermal conductivity and mechanical properties. Moreover, the structure showed better battery temperature control performance, while meeting the temperature control requirements during the charging and discharging cycles of the battery.