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Li J, Liu P, Huang Y, Wang Y, Zhao J, Xiong Z, Liu M, Wu R. Immunophenotypic Landscape of synovial tissue in rheumatoid arthritis: Insights from ACPA status. Heliyon 2024; 10:e34088. [PMID: 39055820 PMCID: PMC11269896 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e34088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Revised: 03/23/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective To examine the clinical features and synovial pathologies in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients across varying titers of circulating anti-citrullinated protein antibodies (ACPA). Methodology We devised a negative pressure suction and rebound synovial biopsy tool to enhance the yield of synovial biopsies, noted for its ease and safety of use. This research involved a retrospective examination of 60 active RA patients who underwent synovial biopsies with this tool from June to November 2013 at our institution. A range of disease activity markers were collected, including DAS28-CRP, ESR, CRP, count of swollen and tender joints, VAS pain scale, and so forth. Synovial tissue underwent HE staining and immunohistochemistry, including synovitis grading (GSS) and counting of B cells (CD20), T cells (CD3), macrophages (CD68), and plasma cells (CD138). Participants were categorized into three groups as per ACPA titers: ACPA-negative (0-5U/mL), low-titer (5-20U/mL), and high-titer (above 20U/mL). The study compared the clinical features and synovial pathologies across these groups. Results Of the 60 RA patients, they were segregated into three groups based on ACPA titers: 20 in ACPA-negative, 9 in the low-titer group, and 31 in the high-titer group. No significant differences were observed in GSS scores, synovial cell proliferation and loss, matrix activation, inflammatory infiltration, and neovascularization among these groups (P > 0.05). The high-titer ACPA group demonstrated significantly increased counts of CD3+ T cells, CD20+ B cells, and CD68+ macrophages in synovial tissues compared to the ACPA-negative and low-titer groups (p < 0.05), along with a higher incidence of ectopic lymphoid neogenesis (p < 0.05). Ordinal logistic regression revealed that rheumatoid factor (RF), and counts of synovial T cells, B cells, macrophages, and ectopic lymphoid neogenesis correlated with ACPA titers (P < 0.05), particularly lymphoid neogenesis (OR = 3.63, P = 0.023). Conclusion RA patients with high-titer ACPA demonstrate elevated levels of inflammatory cell infiltration in synovial tissues, with ectopic lymphoid neogenesis showing a strong correlation with high ACPA positivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- JianBin Li
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - PengCheng Liu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - YiPing Huang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Jun Zhao
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - ZhenFang Xiong
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - MengXia Liu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Rui Wu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China
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Li J, Cao J, Chen Q, Liu D, Li R. Investigating the therapeutic potential of sinomenine in rheumatoid arthritis: anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and immunomodulatory mechanisms. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2024; 397:3945-3958. [PMID: 37991542 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-023-02810-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
An autoimmune disease, rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is characterized by the onset of inflammation and subsequent damage to the joints. Although several therapies are available for RA, none are effective, and many have undesirable side effects. The roots of Sinomenium acutum produce an alkaloid called Sinomenine (SIN), which has been used for centuries in Chinese medicine to treat arthritis due to its anti-inflammatory properties. This study aimed to explore the potential therapeutic benefits of SIN through oral administration following RA induction using Freund's complete adjuvant (FCA) injections. The study monitored changes in the arthritic index, hind paw volume, inflammation and oxidative stress markers. Results demonstrated that SIN effectively inhibited the activity of NF-κB and IKKβ in knee joint tissues, which led to a decrease in tissue levels of TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, and iNOS in RA-induced rats. The production of anti-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-10, Arg-1, and Fizz1 also increased. In rat knee joints, SIN elevated the expression of TIMP-1 and TIMP-3 and decreased the expression of MMP-2 and MMP-9. Additionally, SIN modulated the RANK/RANKL/OPG pathway in RA-induced rat knee joint tissues, reducing RANKL expression and increasing OPG. SIN also effectively decreased MDA, NO, and elevated antioxidant enzymes (SOD, CAT, GPx, and GSH) in RA-induced rats via Nrf2/Keap 1 signaling pathway activation. In conclusion, this study suggests that SIN possesses potential therapeutic benefits for treating RA by modulating the RANK/RANKL/OPG pathway, which may impact osteoclast activity, oxidative stress, and inflammation in knee joint tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Li
- The First Ward of Rheumatology and Immunology, Xi'an No. 5 Hospital, Xi'an, 710000, China
| | - Junjie Cao
- Laboratory medicine department, Xi'an No. 5 Hospital, Xi'an, 710000, China
| | - Qingping Chen
- The First Ward of Rheumatology and Immunology, Xi'an No. 5 Hospital, Xi'an, 710000, China
| | - Dan Liu
- Rheumatology and Immunology Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, 710000, China
| | - Rui Li
- The First Ward of Rheumatology and Immunology, Xi'an No. 5 Hospital, Xi'an, 710000, China.
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Nazar N, Mehmood MH, Siddique R, Faisal MN. Assessment of antiarthritic potential of Asparagus dumosus using formaldehyde and CFA-induced arthritic models in rats via modulation of oxidative stress biomarkers and mRNA expression of IL-1b, IL-6, RANKL, OPG, TNF-α and COX-2. Inflammopharmacology 2024; 32:825-847. [PMID: 38057565 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-023-01391-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
Medicinal plants play a pivotal role in the prevention of chronic non-communicable diseases including arthritis. Despite the traditional use of Asparagus dumosus in arthritis, it has not been studied yet for its effectiveness in arthritis. This study was aimed to explore the antiarthritic potential of A. dumosus in formaldehyde and complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA)-induced arthritic rats. Body weight, arthritic index, hepatic oxidative stress, hematological, biochemical and inflammatory markers were assessed using ELISA, whilst qRT-PCR studies were carried out for the mRNA expression of IL-1b, IL-6, RANKL, OPG, TNF-α and COX-2 genes. GCMS and HPLC analysis were performed to identify the secondary metabolites of A. dumosus. From day 8 to 28 post-administration of formaldehyde and CFA, oral administration of A. dumosus (600, 300 and 150 mg/kg) showed a noteworthy improvement (p < 0.001) in the body weights, immune organ weights, serum levels of rheumatoid (RA) factor, C-reactive protein, TNF-α and IL-6 levels in arthritic rats similar to the effect of piroxicam and methotrexate. Subsequently, the administration of A. dumosus to formaldehyde and CFA-challenged rats, caused a marked decrease (p < 0.001) in the mRNA expression of IL-1b, IL-6, OPG, RANKL, TNF-α and COX-2 genes in treated rats. Likewise, when assessed for antioxidant potential, A. dumosus produced a pronounced (p < 0.001) reduction in malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) production, whilst a dose-dependent (p < 0.001) increase in catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities was recorded. GCMS profiling of A. dumosus presented benzaldehyde, 3-hydroxy-4-methoxy-, 1-decanol and undecane as plant compositions, whereas HPLC fingerprinting displayed quercetin, benzaldehyde, 3-hydroxy-4-methoxy-, gallic acid and cinnamic acid as plants constituents. These results depict that A. dumosus possesses anti-arthritic effect mediated possibly through attenuation of arthritic indices, chronic inflammatory and oxidative stress biomarkers along with down-regulation in the mRNA expression of arthritic candid genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nimra Nazar
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Malik Hassan Mehmood
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan.
| | - Rida Siddique
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Naeem Faisal
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
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Akram MW, Mazhar D, Afzal I, Zeb A, Ain QU, Khan S, Ali H. Design and Evaluation of Continentalic Acid Encapsulated Transfersomal Gel and Profiling of its Anti-arthritis Activity. AAPS PharmSciTech 2023; 24:192. [PMID: 37726536 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-023-02648-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis restricts the physical ability of patients and increases the disease burden; therefore, research has always been focused on evaluating better therapeutic options. The present research aimed to design Continentalic acid (CA)-loaded transfersomes (CA-TF) embedded in Carbopol gel containing permeation enhancer (PE) for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. CA-TF was developed via a modified thin film hydration method and incorporated into Carbopol 934 gel containing Eucalyptus oil (EO) as PE. The fabricated CA-TF showed particle size of < 140 nm with spherical geometry, optimal encapsulation efficiency (EE), and sustained drug release pattern. CA-TF-gel along with PE (CA-TF-PE-gel) showed better ex vivo skin penetration than plain CA gel and CA-TF-gel without PE. In vivo evaluation supported improved therapeutic outcomes of CA-TF-PE-gel in terms of behavioral findings, arthritic index, and histological findings whereas biochemical assays and pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α and IL-1β) showed a significant decrease in their levels. Furthermore, immunohistochemistry assay for Nrf2 and HO-1 signaling pathways showed significant improvement in the expression of the Nrf2, and HO-1 proteins to depict improvement in arthritic condition in the animal model. CA-TF-PE-gel significantly delivered CA to the diseased target site via a topical route with promising therapeutic outcomes displayed in the CFA-induced arthritic model.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Danish Mazhar
- Department of Pharmacy, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan
| | - Iqra Afzal
- Department of Pharmacy, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan
| | - Ahmad Zeb
- Department of Pharmacy, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan
| | - Qurat Ul Ain
- Department of Pharmacy, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan
| | - Salman Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan
| | - Hussain Ali
- Department of Pharmacy, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan.
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Wang L, Li P, Zhou Y, Gu R, Lu G, Zhang C. Magnoflorine Ameliorates Collagen-Induced Arthritis by Suppressing the Inflammation Response via the NF-κB/MAPK Signaling Pathways. J Inflamm Res 2023; 16:2271-2296. [PMID: 37265745 PMCID: PMC10231344 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s406298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Magnoflorine (Mag) has been reported to have anxiolytics, anti-cancer, and anti-inflammatory properties. In this study, we aim to investigate the effects of Mag on the rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and explore the underlying mechanism using a collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) mouse model and a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated macrophage inflammation model. Methods The in vivo effects of Mag on CIA were studied by inducing CIA in a mouse model using DBA/1J mice followed by treatment with vehicle, methotrexate (MTX, 1 mg/kg/d), and Mag (5 mg/kg/d, 10 mg/kg/d, and 20 mg/kg/d), and the in vitro effects of Mag on macrophages were examined by stimulation of RAW264.7 cells line and peritoneal macrophages (PMs) by LPS in the presence of different concentrations of Mag. Network pharmacology and molecular docking was then performed to predict the the binding ability between Mag and its targets. Inflammatory mediators were assayed by quantitative real-time PCR and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Signaling pathway changes were subsequently determined by Western blotting and immunohistochemistry (IHC). Results In vivo experiments demonstrated that Mag decreased arthritis severity scores, joints destruction, and macrophages infiltration into the synovial tissues of the CIA mice. Network pharmacology analysis revealed that Mag interacted with TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, and MCP-1. Consistent with this, analysis of the serum, synovial tissue of the CIA mice, and the supernatant of the cultured RAW264.7 cells and PMs showed that Mag suppressed the expression of TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, MCP-1, iNOS, and IFN-β. Furthermore, Mag attenuated the phosphorylation of p65, IκBα, ERK, JNK, and p38 MAPKs in the synovial tissues of the CIA mice and LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. Conclusion Mag may exert anti-arthritic and anti-inflammatory effects by inhibiting the activation of NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wang
- College of First Clinical Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, People’s Republic of China
| | - Pengfei Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yu Zhou
- College of First Clinical Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, People’s Republic of China
| | - Renjun Gu
- School of Chinese Medicine & School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ge Lu
- College of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chunbing Zhang
- College of First Clinical Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029, People’s Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Ultrasound in Medicine and Engineering, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, People’s Republic of China
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Niu X, Yang Y, Yu J, Song H, Yu J, Huang Q, Liu Y, Zhang D, Han T, Li W. Panlongqi tablet suppresses adjuvant-induced rheumatoid arthritis by inhibiting the inflammatory reponse in vivo and in vitro. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 308:116250. [PMID: 36791928 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.116250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Panlongqi Tablet is prepared with the ancestral secret recipe provided by Mr. Wang Jiacheng, a famous specialist in orthopedics and traumatology of China. The efficacy and safety of PLQT have been supported by years of clinical practice in the treatment of joint-related conditions. Has remarkable effect for treating rheumatoid arthritis (RA) clinically. However, its mechanism is not entirely clear. AIM OF THE STUDY We aim to evaluate the anti-inflammatory activity of PLQT and explore its mechanism in adjuvant-induced arthritis (AA) mice and LPS-induced Human fibroblast-like synovial (HFLS) cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS To this end, we analyzed the active ingredients in PLQT by HPLC-MS/MS. Furthermore, the anti-RA effect of PLQT was studied through proliferation, apoptosis, foot swelling, cytokine levels, immune organ index, histopathology and related signal pathways in LPS-induced HFLS cells and AA-treated mice. RESULTS HPLC-MS/MS results showed that PLQT contained a variety of active compounds, such as epicatechin, imperatorin, hydroxysafflor yellow A and so on. PLQT significantly inhibited the abnormal proliferation of HFLS cells induced by LPS, promoted cell apoptosis. In AA-treated mice, PLQT alleviated RA symptoms by alleviating paw swelling, synovial hyperplasia, pannus formation, inflammatory cell infiltration, and inhibiting abnormal immune responses. The results showed that PLQT significantly decreased the expression of inflammatory mediators (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-17) in vivo and in vitro, which may be related to the regulation of PI3K/Akt, MAPK and JAK/STAT signaling pathways. CONCLUSION Based on serum pharmacology and in vivo pharmacology studies, PLQT may regulate RA symptoms by regulating inflammatory and immune response-related pathways, which is an effective method for the treatment of RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofeng Niu
- School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Yajie Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Jinjin Yu
- School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Huixin Song
- School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Jiabao Yu
- School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Qiuxia Huang
- School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Yang Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Dezhu Zhang
- Shaanxi Panlong Pharmaceutical Group Limited By Share LTD, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Tengfei Han
- Shaanxi Panlong Pharmaceutical Group Limited By Share LTD, Xi'an, PR China.
| | - Weifeng Li
- School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, PR China.
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Haloi P, Chawla S, Konkimalla VB. Thermosensitive smart hydrogel of PEITC ameliorates the therapeutic efficacy in rheumatoid arthritis. Eur J Pharm Sci 2023; 181:106367. [PMID: 36572358 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2022.106367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune condition that accompanies chronic inflammation of joints with limited therapeutic options. Phenethyl isothiocyanate (PEITC), a bioactive phytochemical, exerts its chemopreventive, anti-oxidant, and anti-inflammatory activity via the Nrf-2 pathway. However, limited water solubility, short half-life, and instability are reasons for the low bioavailability of PEITC that hampers clinical application. From studies in healthy rats, the performance of PEITC-loaded chitosan/pluronic F-127 smart hydrogel (PH) as a thermosensitive injectable demonstrated adequate thermosensitivity (gel formation), injectability (ease of administration), biocompatibility (with prolonged contact), pharmacokinetics (sustained drug release), and biosafety (nontoxic to major organs). In the adjuvant-induced arthritis (AIA) rat model, PEITC-hydrogel (PH50) injected into the knee joint lowered RA-related symptoms significantly (paw edema and arthritis score). Further, a marked reduction in bone erosion and inflammation-specific biomarkers was observed. Finally, this study demonstrates a smart injectable hydrogel optimally loaded with PEITC which is safe, biocompatible and exhibits significant therapeutic efficacy in RA conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prakash Haloi
- School of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research, HBNI, Jatni, Odisha 752050, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai 400094, India
| | - Saurabh Chawla
- School of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research, HBNI, Jatni, Odisha 752050, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai 400094, India
| | - V Badireenath Konkimalla
- School of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research, HBNI, Jatni, Odisha 752050, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai 400094, India.
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8
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Bai LK, Su YZ, Wang XX, Bai B, Zhang CQ, Zhang LY, Zhang GL. Synovial Macrophages: Past Life, Current Situation, and Application in Inflammatory Arthritis. Front Immunol 2022; 13:905356. [PMID: 35958604 PMCID: PMC9361854 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.905356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory arthritis is an inflammatory disease that involves the joints and surrounding tissues. Synovial hyperplasia often presents when joints become inflamed due to immune cell infiltration. Synovial membrane is an important as well as a highly specific component of the joint, and its lesions can lead to degeneration of the joint surface, causing pain and joint disability or affecting the patients’ quality of life in severe cases. Synovial macrophages (SMs) are one of the cellular components of the synovial membrane, which not only retain the function of macrophages to engulf foreign bodies in the joint cavity, but also interact with synovial fibroblasts (SFs), T cells, B cells, and other inflammatory cells to promote the production of a variety of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, such as TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-8, and IL-6, which are involved in the pathogenic process of inflammatory arthritis. SMs from different tissue sources have differently differentiated potentials and functional expressions. This article provides a summary on studies pertaining to SMs in inflammatory arthritis, and explores their role in its treatment, in order to highlight novel treatment modalities for the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin-Kun Bai
- Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Ya-Zhen Su
- Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Xue-Xue Wang
- Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Bing Bai
- First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Cheng-Qiang Zhang
- Fifth Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Provincial People’s Hospital, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Li-Yun Zhang
- Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Gai-Lian Zhang
- Fifth Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Provincial People’s Hospital, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
- *Correspondence: Gai-Lian Zhang,
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Ling Y, Yang J, Hua D, Wang D, Zhao C, Weng L, Yue D, Cai X, Meng Q, Chen J, Sun X, Kong W, Zhu L, Cao P, Hu C. ZhiJingSan Inhibits Osteoclastogenesis via Regulating RANKL/NF-κB Signaling Pathway and Ameliorates Bone Erosion in Collagen-Induced Mouse Arthritis. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:693777. [PMID: 34122118 PMCID: PMC8193094 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.693777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone erosion is the most evident pathological condition of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), which is the main cause of joint deformities and disability in RA patients. At present, the conventional RA drugs have not achieved satisfactory effect in improving bone erosion. ZhiJingSan (ZJS), which is a traditional Chinese prescription composed of scolopendra (dried body of Scolopendra subspinipes mutilans L. Koch, scolopendridae) and scorpion (dried body of Buthus martensii Karsch, Buthus), exhibits anti-rheumatism, analgesic and joint deformities improvement effects. This study aimed to assess the therapeutic effect of ZJS on RA bone erosion and to elucidate the underlying mechanism. The effect of ZJS on RA bone erosion was investigated in a murine model of bovine collagen-induced arthritis (CIA), and the underlying mechanism was investigated in vitro in an osteoclast differentiation cell model. Administration of ZJS delayed the onset of arthritis, alleviated joint inflammation, and attenuated bone erosion in the CIA mice. Meanwhile, ZJS decreased the serum levels of TNF-α, IL-6, and anti-bovine collagen II-specific antibodies. Furthermore, ZJS treatment reduced the number of osteoclasts and the expression of cathepsin K in the ankle joints of CIA mice. ZJS also inhibited receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL)-induced osteoclast differentiation and the expression of MMP9 and cathepsin K in vitro. Mechanistically, ZJS blocked RANKL-induced p65 phosphorylation, nucleation, and inhibited the expression of downstream NFATc1 and c-Fos in bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMMs). Taken together, ZJS exerts a therapeutic effect on bone erosion in CIA mice by inhibiting RANKL/NF-κB-mediated osteoclast differentiation, which suggested that ZJS is a promising prescription for treating RA bone erosion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Ling
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Jie Yang
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Di Hua
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Dawei Wang
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Chenglei Zhao
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Ling Weng
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Dandan Yue
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Xueting Cai
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Qinghai Meng
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiao Chen
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaoyan Sun
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Weikang Kong
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Lizhong Zhu
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Peng Cao
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.,School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Chunping Hu
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
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