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Han Q, Li W, Chen P, Wang L, Bao X, Huang R, Liu G, Chen X. Microglial NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated neuroinflammation and therapeutic strategies in depression. Neural Regen Res 2024; 19:1890-1898. [PMID: 38227513 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.390964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have demonstrated a bidirectional relationship between inflammation and depression. Activation of the nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain, leucine-rich repeat, and NLR family pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasomes is closely related to the pathogenesis of various neurological diseases. In patients with major depressive disorder, NLRP3 inflammasome levels are significantly elevated. Understanding the role that NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated neuroinflammation plays in the pathogenesis of depression may be beneficial for future therapeutic strategies. In this review, we aimed to elucidate the mechanisms that lead to the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome in depression as well as to provide insight into therapeutic strategies that target the NLRP3 inflammasome. Moreover, we outlined various therapeutic strategies that target the NLRP3 inflammasome, including NLRP3 inflammatory pathway inhibitors, natural compounds, and other therapeutic compounds that have been shown to be effective in treating depression. Additionally, we summarized the application of NLRP3 inflammasome inhibitors in clinical trials related to depression. Currently, there is a scarcity of clinical trials dedicated to investigating the applications of NLRP3 inflammasome inhibitors in depression treatment. The modulation of NLRP3 inflammasomes in microglia holds promise for the management of depression. Further investigations are necessary to ascertain the efficacy and safety of these therapeutic approaches as potential novel antidepressant treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuqin Han
- Department of Scientific Research, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenhui Li
- Department of Scientific Research, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Peiqing Chen
- Department of Scientific Research, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Lijuan Wang
- Department of Scientific Research, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiwen Bao
- Department of Scientific Research, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Renyan Huang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Vascular Surgery, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Guobin Liu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Vascular Surgery, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaorong Chen
- Department of Physiology, Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi, Shanxi Province, China
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2
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Zhang X, Zhang Y, Wang B, Xie C, Wang J, Fang R, Dong H, Fan G, Wang M, He Y, Shen C, Duan Y, Zhao J, Liu Z, Li Q, Ma Y, Yu M, Wang J, Fei J, Xiao L, Huang F. Pyroptosis-mediator GSDMD promotes Parkinson's disease pathology via microglial activation and dopaminergic neuronal death. Brain Behav Immun 2024; 119:129-145. [PMID: 38552923 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2024.03.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
GSDMD-mediated pyroptosis occurs in the nigrostriatal pathway in Parkinson's disease animals, yet the role of GSDMD in neuroinflammation and death of dopaminergic neurons in Parkinson's disease remains elusive. Here, our in vivo and in vitro studies demonstrated that GSDMD, as a pyroptosis executor, contributed to glial reaction and death of dopaminergic neurons across different Parkinson's disease models. The ablation of the Gsdmd attenuated Parkinson's disease damage by reducing dopaminergic neuronal death, microglial activation, and detrimental transformation. Disulfiram, an inhibitor blocking GSDMD pore formation, efficiently curtailed pyroptosis, thereby lessening the pathology of Parkinson's disease. Additionally, a modification in GSDMD was identified in the blood of Parkinson's disease patients in contrast to healthy subjects. Therefore, the detected alteration in GSDMD within the blood of Parkinson's disease patients and the protective impact of disulfiram could be promising for the diagnostic and therapeutic approaches against Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoshuang Zhang
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Jing' an District Centre Hospital of Shanghai, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, 138 Yixueyuan Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yunhe Zhang
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Jing' an District Centre Hospital of Shanghai, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, 138 Yixueyuan Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Boya Wang
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Jing' an District Centre Hospital of Shanghai, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, 138 Yixueyuan Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Chuantong Xie
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Jing' an District Centre Hospital of Shanghai, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, 138 Yixueyuan Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jinghui Wang
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Jing' an District Centre Hospital of Shanghai, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, 138 Yixueyuan Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Rong Fang
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Jing' an District Centre Hospital of Shanghai, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, 138 Yixueyuan Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Hongtian Dong
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Jing' an District Centre Hospital of Shanghai, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, 138 Yixueyuan Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Guangchun Fan
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Jing' an District Centre Hospital of Shanghai, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, 138 Yixueyuan Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Mengze Wang
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Jing' an District Centre Hospital of Shanghai, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, 138 Yixueyuan Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yongtao He
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Jing' an District Centre Hospital of Shanghai, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, 138 Yixueyuan Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Chenye Shen
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Jing' an District Centre Hospital of Shanghai, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, 138 Yixueyuan Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yufei Duan
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Jing' an District Centre Hospital of Shanghai, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, 138 Yixueyuan Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jiayin Zhao
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Jing' an District Centre Hospital of Shanghai, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, 138 Yixueyuan Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Zhaolin Liu
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Jing' an District Centre Hospital of Shanghai, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, 138 Yixueyuan Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Qing Li
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Jing' an District Centre Hospital of Shanghai, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, 138 Yixueyuan Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yuanyuan Ma
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Jing' an District Centre Hospital of Shanghai, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, 138 Yixueyuan Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Mei Yu
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Jing' an District Centre Hospital of Shanghai, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, 138 Yixueyuan Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Jing' an District Centre Hospital of Shanghai, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, 138 Yixueyuan Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jian Fei
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center for Model Organisms, Shanghai Model Organisms Center, INC., Pudong, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Lei Xiao
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Jing' an District Centre Hospital of Shanghai, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, 138 Yixueyuan Road, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Fang Huang
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Jing' an District Centre Hospital of Shanghai, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, 138 Yixueyuan Road, Shanghai 200032, China.
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3
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Muñoz-Jurado A, Escribano BM. Presence of melatonin in foods of daily consumption: The benefit of this hormone for health. Food Chem 2024; 458:140172. [PMID: 38943958 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.140172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Revised: 06/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/01/2024]
Abstract
Melatonin (MLT) is a hormone that exists in all living organisms, including bacteria, yeast, fungi, animals, and plants, many of which are ingested daily in the diet. However, the exact concentrations of melatonin in each of the foods and the effect on health of the intake of foods rich in MLT are not known. Therefore, the aim of this review was to gather the available information on the melatonin content of different foods and to evaluate the effect that this hormone has on different pathologies. The amount of MLT may vary depending on the variety, origin, heat treatment, processing, and analysis technique, among other factors. Dietary interventions with foods rich in MLT report health benefits, but there is no evidence that hormone is partially responsible for the clinical improvement. Therefore, it is necessary to evaluate the MLT content in more foods, as well as the effect that cooking/processing has on the amount of MLT, to estimate its total intake in a typical diet and better explore its potential impact on the health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Muñoz-Jurado
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cordoba, Spain.; Maimonides Institute for Research in Biomedicine of Cordoba, (IMIBIC), Cordoba, Spain..
| | - Begoña M Escribano
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cordoba, Spain.; Maimonides Institute for Research in Biomedicine of Cordoba, (IMIBIC), Cordoba, Spain..
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4
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Han T, Xu Y, Sun L, Hashimoto M, Wei J. Microglial response to aging and neuroinflammation in the development of neurodegenerative diseases. Neural Regen Res 2024; 19:1241-1248. [PMID: 37905870 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.385845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Cellular senescence and chronic inflammation in response to aging are considered to be indicators of brain aging; they have a great impact on the aging process and are the main risk factors for neurodegeneration. Reviewing the microglial response to aging and neuroinflammation in neurodegenerative diseases will help understand the importance of microglia in neurodegenerative diseases. This review describes the origin and function of microglia and focuses on the role of different states of the microglial response to aging and chronic inflammation on the occurrence and development of neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease, Huntington's chorea, and Parkinson's disease. This review also describes the potential benefits of treating neurodegenerative diseases by modulating changes in microglial states. Therefore, inducing a shift from the neurotoxic to neuroprotective microglial state in neurodegenerative diseases induced by aging and chronic inflammation holds promise for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Han
- Institute for Brain Sciences Research, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan Province, China
| | - Yuxiang Xu
- Institute for Brain Sciences Research, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan Province, China
| | - Lin Sun
- Institute for Brain Sciences Research, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan Province, China
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan Province, China
| | - Makoto Hashimoto
- Department of Basic Technology, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jianshe Wei
- Institute for Brain Sciences Research, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan Province, China
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5
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Mohamed AAR, Abd-Elhakim YM, Noreldin AE, Khamis T, Elhamouly M, Akela MA, Alotaibi BS, Alosaimi ME, Khalil SS, El-Gamal M, Dahran N, El-Shetry ES. Understanding fenpropathrin-induced pulmonary toxicity: What apoptosis, inflammation, and pyreptosis reveal analyzing cross-links at the molecular, immunohistochemical, and immunofluorescent levels. Food Chem Toxicol 2024; 186:114520. [PMID: 38369055 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2024.114520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
Fenpropathrin (FN), a pyrethroid has been linked to potential pulmonary toxic effects to humans via incident direct or indirect ingestion. Thus, we aimed to the investigate the underlying mechanisms of lung toxicity upon exposure to FN in the rat model, besides studying whether curcumin (CCM) and curcumin-loaded chitosan nanoformulation (CCM-Chs) can mitigate FN-induced lung damage. Six distinct groups, namely, control, CCM, CCM-Chs, FN, and CCM + FN, CCM-Chs + FN were assigned separately. The inflammatory, apoptotic, and oxidative stress states, histological, immunohistochemical, and immunofluorescence examination of different markers within the pulmonary tissue were applied. The results revealed that the FN-induced tissue damage might be caused by the oxidative stress induction and depressed antioxidant glutathione system in the lungs of rats. Furthermore, FN upregulated the expression of genes related to inflammation, and pyroptosis, and elevated the immunoreactivity of Caspase-3, tumor necrosis factor-α, vimentin, and 4-Hydroxynonenal in pulmonary tissues of FN-exposed rats compared to the control. CCM and CCM-Chs mitigated the FN-induced disturbances, while remarkably, CCM-Chs showed better potency than CCM in mitigating the FN-induced toxicity. In conclusion, this study shows the prominent preventive ability of CCM-Chs more than CCM in combatting the pulmonary toxicity induced by FN. This may be beneficial in developing therapeutic and preventive strategies against FN-induced pulmonary toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amany Abdel-Rahman Mohamed
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt
| | - Yasmina M Abd-Elhakim
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt
| | - Ahmed E Noreldin
- Department of Histology and Cytology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour, 22511, Egypt
| | - Tarek Khamis
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, 44511, Zagazig, Egypt; Laboratory of Biotechnology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, 44519, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Moustafa Elhamouly
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sadat City, Sadat City, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A Akela
- Department of Biology, College of Sciences and Humanities in Al-Kharj, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Badriyah S Alotaibi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, PO Box 84428, Riyadh 1671, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Manal E Alosaimi
- Department of Basic Sciences, College of Medicine, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Samah S Khalil
- Department of Biochemistry, Drug Information Centre, Zagazig University Hospitals, Zagazig University, Egypt
| | - Mohamed El-Gamal
- Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt; Medical Experimental Research Center (MERC), Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt; Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, New Mansoura University, New Mansoura City, Egypt
| | - Naief Dahran
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Eman S El-Shetry
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, University of Hail, Hail, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia; Department of Human Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44511, Egypt
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6
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Basavarajappa D, Gupta V, Chitranshi N, Viswanathan D, Gupta V, Vander Wall R, Palanivel V, Mirzaei M, You Y, Klistorner A, Graham SL. Anti-inflammatory Effects of Siponimod in a Mouse Model of Excitotoxicity-Induced Retinal Injury. Mol Neurobiol 2023; 60:7222-7237. [PMID: 37542647 PMCID: PMC10657799 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03535-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/07/2023]
Abstract
Glaucoma is a leading cause of permanent blindness worldwide and is characterized by neurodegeneration linked to progressive retinal ganglion cell (RGC) death, axonal damage, and neuroinflammation. Glutamate excitotoxicity mediated through N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors plays a crucial role in glaucomatous RGC loss. Sphingosine 1-phosphate receptors (S1PRs) are important mediators of neurodegeneration and neuroinflammation in the brain and the retina. Siponimod is an immunomodulatory drug for multiple sclerosis and is a selective modulator of S1PR subtypes 1 and 5 and has been shown to have beneficial effects on the central nervous system (CNS) in degenerative conditions. Our previous study showed that mice administered orally with siponimod protected inner retinal structure and function against acute NMDA excitotoxicity. To elucidate the molecular mechanisms behind these protective effects, we investigated the inflammatory pathways affected by siponimod treatment in NMDA excitotoxicity model. NMDA excitotoxicity resulted in the activation of glial cells coupled with upregulation of the inflammatory NF-kB pathway and increased expression of TNFα, IL1-β, and IL-6. Siponimod treatment significantly reduced glial activation and suppressed the pro-inflammatory pathways. Furthermore, NMDA-induced activation of NLRP3 inflammasome and upregulation of neurotoxic inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) were significantly diminished with siponimod treatment. Our data demonstrated that siponimod induces anti-inflammatory effects via suppression of glial activation and inflammatory singling pathways that could protect the retina against acute excitotoxicity conditions. These findings provide insights into the anti-inflammatory effects of siponimod in the CNS and suggest a potential therapeutic strategy for neuroinflammatory conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devaraj Basavarajappa
- Macquarie Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia.
| | - Vivek Gupta
- Macquarie Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia.
| | - Nitin Chitranshi
- Macquarie Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | - Deepa Viswanathan
- Macquarie Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | - Veer Gupta
- School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Roshana Vander Wall
- Macquarie Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | - Viswanthram Palanivel
- Macquarie Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | - Mehdi Mirzaei
- Macquarie Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | - Yuyi You
- Macquarie Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | - Alexander Klistorner
- Macquarie Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | - Stuart L Graham
- Macquarie Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia
- Save Sight Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2000, Australia
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7
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Harrison D, Billinton A, Bock MG, Doedens JR, Gabel CA, Holloway MK, Porter RA, Reader V, Scanlon J, Schooley K, Watt AP. Discovery of Clinical Candidate NT-0796, a Brain-Penetrant and Highly Potent NLRP3 Inflammasome Inhibitor for Neuroinflammatory Disorders. J Med Chem 2023; 66:14897-14911. [PMID: 37874905 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c01398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2023]
Abstract
The NLRP3 inflammasome is a component of the innate immune system involved in the production of proinflammatory cytokines. Neurodegenerative disorders, including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, multiple sclerosis, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, have been shown to have a component driven by NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Diseases such as these with large unmet medical needs have resulted in an interest in inhibiting the NLRP3 inflammasome as a potential pharmacological treatment, but to date, no marketed drugs specifically targeting NLRP3 have been approved. Furthermore, the requirement for CNS-penetrant molecules adds additional complexity to the search for NLRP3 inflammasome inhibitors suitable for clinical investigation of neuroinflammatory disorders. We designed a series of ester-substituted carbamate compounds as selective NLRP3 inflammasome inhibitors, leading to NT-0796, an isopropyl ester that undergoes intracellular conversion to NDT-19795, the carboxylic acid active species. NT-0796 was shown to be a potent and selective NLRP3 inflammasome inhibitor with demonstrated in vivo brain penetration.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Harrison
- NodThera Ltd., Suite 8, The Mansion, Chesterford Research Park, Little Chesterford, Saffron Walden CB10 1XL, Essex, U.K
| | - Andy Billinton
- NodThera Ltd., Suite 8, The Mansion, Chesterford Research Park, Little Chesterford, Saffron Walden CB10 1XL, Essex, U.K
| | - Mark G Bock
- NodThera Inc., P.O. Box 156, Suite 1702, 265 Franklin Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02110, United States
| | - John R Doedens
- NodThera Inc., 454 N 34th Street, Seattle, Washington 98103, United States
| | | | | | - Roderick A Porter
- Rod Porter Consultancy, 89 Back Street, Ashwell, Baldock SG7 5PG, Hertfordshire, U.K
| | - Valérie Reader
- NodThera Ltd., Suite 8, The Mansion, Chesterford Research Park, Little Chesterford, Saffron Walden CB10 1XL, Essex, U.K
| | - Jane Scanlon
- NodThera Ltd., Suite 8, The Mansion, Chesterford Research Park, Little Chesterford, Saffron Walden CB10 1XL, Essex, U.K
| | - Kenneth Schooley
- NodThera Inc., 454 N 34th Street, Seattle, Washington 98103, United States
| | - Alan P Watt
- NodThera Ltd., Suite 8, The Mansion, Chesterford Research Park, Little Chesterford, Saffron Walden CB10 1XL, Essex, U.K
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8
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Xu Y, Yang Y, Chen X, Jiang D, Zhang F, Guo Y, Hu B, Xu G, Peng S, Wu L, Hu J. NLRP3 inflammasome in cognitive impairment and pharmacological properties of its inhibitors. Transl Neurodegener 2023; 12:49. [PMID: 37915104 PMCID: PMC10621314 DOI: 10.1186/s40035-023-00381-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Cognitive impairment is a multifactorial and multi-step pathological process that places a heavy burden on patients and the society. Neuroinflammation is one of the main factors leading to cognitive impairment. The inflammasomes are multi-protein complexes that respond to various microorganisms and endogenous danger signals, helping to initiate innate protective responses in inflammatory diseases. NLRP3 inflammasomes produce proinflammatory cytokines (interleukin IL-1β and IL-18) by activating caspase-1. In this review, we comprehensively describe the structure and functions of the NLRP3 inflammasome. We also explore the intrinsic relationship between the NLRP3 inflammasome and cognitive impairment, which involves immune cell activation, cell apoptosis, oxidative stress, mitochondrial autophagy, and neuroinflammation. Finally, we describe NLRP3 inflammasome antagonists as targeted therapies to improve cognitive impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Xu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Department of the Second Clinical Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Yanling Yang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Department of the Second Clinical Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Danling Jiang
- Department of Ultrasound Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Fei Zhang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Yao Guo
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Bin Hu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Guohai Xu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Shengliang Peng
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China.
| | - Lidong Wu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China.
| | - Jialing Hu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China.
- Department of Thyroid and Hernia Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000, China.
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9
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Brahadeeswaran S, Dasgupta T, Manickam V, Saraswathi V, Tamizhselvi R. NLRP3: a new therapeutic target in alcoholic liver disease. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1215333. [PMID: 37520548 PMCID: PMC10374212 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1215333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The liver is in charge of a wide range of critical physiological processes and it plays an important role in activating the innate immune system which elicits the inflammatory events. Chronic ethanol exposure disrupts hepatic inflammatory mechanism and leads to the release of proinflammatory mediators such as chemokines, cytokines and activation of inflammasomes. The mechanism of liver fibrosis/cirrhosis involve activation of NLRP3 inflammasome, leading to the destruction of hepatocytes and subsequent metabolic dysregulation in humans. In addition, increasing evidence suggests that alcohol intake significantly modifies liver epigenetics, promoting the development of alcoholic liver disease (ALD). Epigenetic changes including histone modification, microRNA-induced genetic modulation, and DNA methylation are crucial in alcohol-evoked cell signaling that affects gene expression in the hepatic system. Though we are at the beginning stage without having the entire print of epigenetic signature, it is time to focus more on NLRP3 inflammasome and epigenetic modifications. Here we review the novel aspect of ALD pathology linking to inflammation and highlighting the role of epigenetic modification associated with NLRP3 inflammasome and how it could be a therapeutic target in ALD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhashini Brahadeeswaran
- Department of Biosciences, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Tiasha Dasgupta
- Department of Biosciences, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Venkatraman Manickam
- Department of Biosciences, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Viswanathan Saraswathi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Ramasamy Tamizhselvi
- Department of Biosciences, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
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10
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Chiarini A, Gui L, Viviani C, Armato U, Dal Prà I. NLRP3 Inflammasome’s Activation in Acute and Chronic Brain Diseases—An Update on Pathogenetic Mechanisms and Therapeutic Perspectives with Respect to Other Inflammasomes. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11040999. [PMID: 37189617 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11040999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Increasingly prevalent acute and chronic human brain diseases are scourges for the elderly. Besides the lack of therapies, these ailments share a neuroinflammation that is triggered/sustained by different innate immunity-related protein oligomers called inflammasomes. Relevant neuroinflammation players such as microglia/monocytes typically exhibit a strong NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Hence the idea that NLRP3 suppression might solve neurodegenerative ailments. Here we review the recent Literature about this topic. First, we update conditions and mechanisms, including RNAs, extracellular vesicles/exosomes, endogenous compounds, and ethnic/pharmacological agents/extracts regulating NLRP3 function. Second, we pinpoint NLRP3-activating mechanisms and known NLRP3 inhibition effects in acute (ischemia, stroke, hemorrhage), chronic (Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, Huntington’s disease, MS, ALS), and virus-induced (Zika, SARS-CoV-2, and others) human brain diseases. The available data show that (i) disease-specific divergent mechanisms activate the (mainly animal) brains NLRP3; (ii) no evidence proves that NLRP3 inhibition modifies human brain diseases (yet ad hoc trials are ongoing); and (iii) no findings exclude that concurrently activated other-than-NLRP3 inflammasomes might functionally replace the inhibited NLRP3. Finally, we highlight that among the causes of the persistent lack of therapies are the species difference problem in disease models and a preference for symptomatic over etiologic therapeutic approaches. Therefore, we posit that human neural cell-based disease models could drive etiological, pathogenetic, and therapeutic advances, including NLRP3’s and other inflammasomes’ regulation, while minimizing failure risks in candidate drug trials.
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11
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Bravo-Vázquez LA, Mora-Hernández EO, Rodríguez AL, Sahare P, Bandyopadhyay A, Duttaroy AK, Paul S. Current Advances of Plant-Based Vaccines for Neurodegenerative Diseases. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15020711. [PMID: 36840033 PMCID: PMC9963606 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15020711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs) are characterized by the progressive degeneration and/or loss of neurons belonging to the central nervous system, and represent one of the major global health issues. Therefore, a number of immunotherapeutic approaches targeting the non-functional or toxic proteins that induce neurodegeneration in NDDs have been designed in the last decades. In this context, due to unprecedented advances in genetic engineering techniques and molecular farming technology, pioneering plant-based immunogenic antigen expression systems have been developed aiming to offer reliable alternatives to deal with important NDDs, including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and multiple sclerosis. Diverse reports have evidenced that plant-made vaccines trigger significant immune responses in model animals, supported by the production of antibodies against the aberrant proteins expressed in the aforementioned NDDs. Moreover, these immunogenic tools have various advantages that make them a viable alternative for preventing and treating NDDs, such as high scalability, no risk of contamination with human pathogens, cold chain free production, and lower production costs. Hence, this article presents an overview of the current progress on plant-manufactured vaccines for NDDs and discusses its future prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Alberto Bravo-Vázquez
- School of Engineering and Sciences, Campus Querétaro, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Av. Epigmenio González, No. 500 Fracc. San Pablo, Querétaro 76130, Mexico
| | - Erick Octavio Mora-Hernández
- School of Engineering and Sciences, Campus Mexico City, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Calle del Puente, No. 222 Col. Ejidos de Huipulco, Tlalpan, Mexico City 14380, Mexico
| | - Alma L. Rodríguez
- School of Engineering and Sciences, Campus Querétaro, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Av. Epigmenio González, No. 500 Fracc. San Pablo, Querétaro 76130, Mexico
| | - Padmavati Sahare
- Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Campus UNAM 3001, Juriquilla, Querétaro 76230, Mexico
| | - Anindya Bandyopadhyay
- International Rice Research Institute, Manila 4031, Philippines
- Reliance Industries Ltd., Navi Mumbai 400701, India
| | - Asim K. Duttaroy
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1046 Blindern, 0317 Oslo, Norway
| | - Sujay Paul
- School of Engineering and Sciences, Campus Querétaro, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Av. Epigmenio González, No. 500 Fracc. San Pablo, Querétaro 76130, Mexico
- Correspondence:
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12
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Yang K, Bao T, Zeng J, Wang S, Yuan X, Xiang W, Xu H, Zeng L, Ge J. Research progress on pyroptosis-mediated immune-inflammatory response in ischemic stroke and the role of natural plant components as regulator of pyroptosis: A review. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 157:113999. [PMID: 36455455 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke (IS) is one of the leading causes of death and disability. Its pathogenesis is not completely clear, and inflammatory cascade is one of its main pathological processes. The current clinical practice of IS is to restore the blood supply to the ischemic area after IS as soon as possible through thrombolytic therapy to protect the vitality and function of neurons. However, blood reperfusion further accelerates ischemic damage and cause ischemia-reperfusion injury. The pathological process of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury involves multiple mechanisms, and the exact mechanism has not been fully elucidated. Pyroptosis, a newly discovered form of inflammatory programmed cell death, plays an important role in the initiation and progression of inflammation. It is a pro-inflammatory programmed death mediated by caspase Caspase-1/4/5/11, which can lead to cell swelling and rupture, release inflammatory factors IL-1β and IL-18, and induce an inflammatory cascade. Recent studies have shown that pyroptosis and its mediated inflammatory response are important factors in aggravating ischemic brain injury, and inhibition of pyroptosis may alleviate the ischemic brain injury. Furthermore, studies have found that natural plant components may have a regulatory effect on pyroptosis. Therefore, this review not only summarizes the molecular mechanism of pyroptosis and its role in ischemic stroke, but also the role of natural plant components as regulator of pyroptosis, in order to provide reference information on pyroptosis for the treatment of IS in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kailin Yang
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine on Prevention and Treatment of Cardio-Cerebral Diseases, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan Province, China.
| | - Tingting Bao
- Department of Endocrinology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jinsong Zeng
- The First Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Shanshan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine on Prevention and Treatment of Cardio-Cerebral Diseases, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Xiao Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine on Prevention and Treatment of Cardio-Cerebral Diseases, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Wang Xiang
- Department of Rheumatology, The First People's Hospital Changde City, Changde City, Hunan Province, China
| | - Hao Xu
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine on Prevention and Treatment of Cardio-Cerebral Diseases, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Liuting Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine on Prevention and Treatment of Cardio-Cerebral Diseases, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan Province, China.
| | - Jinwen Ge
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine on Prevention and Treatment of Cardio-Cerebral Diseases, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan Province, China; Hunan Academy of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan Province, China.
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13
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Li Y, Zhang H, Long W, Gao M, Guo W, Yu L. Inhibition of NLRP3 and Golph3 ameliorates diabetes-induced neuroinflammation in vitro and in vivo. Aging (Albany NY) 2022; 14:8745-8762. [DOI: 10.18632/aging.204363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Li
- State Key Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Endocrinology and Department of Interventional Therapy of First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun 130000, China
- Innovation Pharmaceutical Research Institute of Shijiazhuang No. 4 Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Hebei Guangxiang Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Shijiazhuang 050000, China
| | - Haifeng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Endocrinology and Department of Interventional Therapy of First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun 130000, China
| | - Weihong Long
- State Key Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Endocrinology and Department of Interventional Therapy of First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun 130000, China
| | - Menghan Gao
- State Key Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Endocrinology and Department of Interventional Therapy of First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun 130000, China
| | - Weiying Guo
- State Key Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Endocrinology and Department of Interventional Therapy of First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun 130000, China
| | - Lu Yu
- State Key Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Endocrinology and Department of Interventional Therapy of First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun 130000, China
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Khot M, Sood A, Tryphena KP, Khan S, Srivastava S, Singh SB, Khatri DK. NLRP3 inflammasomes: A potential target to improve mitochondrial biogenesis in Parkinson's disease. Eur J Pharmacol 2022; 934:175300. [PMID: 36167151 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2022.175300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a common neurodegenerative condition for which no approved treatment exists to prevent collective neuronal death. There is ample evidence that mitochondrial dysfunction, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and associated caspase activity underlie the pathology observed. Neurons rely on mitochondrial activity since they have such high energy consumption. Therefore, it is not surprising that mitochondrial alterations favour neuronal degeneration. In particular, mitochondrial dysregulation contributes to PD, based on the observation that mitochondrial toxins can cause parkinsonism in humans and animal models. Also, it is known that inflammatory cytokine-mediated neuroinflammation is the key pathogenic mechanism in neuronal loss. In recent years, the research has focussed on mitochondria being the platform for nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptors 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome activation. Mitochondrial dysfunction and NLRP3 activation are emerging as critical players in inducing and sustaining neuroinflammation. Moreover, mitochondrial-derived ROS and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) could serve as the priming signal for forming inflammasome complexes responsible for the activation, maturation, and release of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including interleukin-1(IL-1) and interleukin-18 (IL-18). The current review takes a more comprehensive approach to elucidating the link between mitochondrial dysfunction and aberrant NLRP3 activation in PD. In addition, we focus on some inhibitors of NLRP3 inflammatory pathways to alleviate the progression of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayuri Khot
- Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience Lab, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Hyderabad, Telangana, 500037, India
| | - Anika Sood
- Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience Lab, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Hyderabad, Telangana, 500037, India
| | - Kamatham Pushpa Tryphena
- Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience Lab, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Hyderabad, Telangana, 500037, India
| | - Sabiya Khan
- Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience Lab, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Hyderabad, Telangana, 500037, India
| | - Saurabh Srivastava
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Hyderabad, Telangana, 500037, India
| | - Shashi Bala Singh
- Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience Lab, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Hyderabad, Telangana, 500037, India
| | - Dharmendra Kumar Khatri
- Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience Lab, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Hyderabad, Telangana, 500037, India.
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15
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Xue W, Cui D, Qiu Y. Research Progress of Pyroptosis in Alzheimer’s Disease. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:872471. [PMID: 35782390 PMCID: PMC9244792 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.872471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a disease characterized by insidious and progressive neurodegeneration, with clinical syndromes of memory and visuospatial skills damage. The pathogenic mechanism of AD is complex in which neural inflammation and neuron death play important roles. Pyroptosis, an inflammatory programmed cell death, has been reported to be involved in neuron death. Pyroptosis is executed by the protein family of gasdermins which punch pores on plasma membrane when activated by the upstream signals including the activation of NLRP3 and caspases, and subsequently triggers the inflammatory cascades featured by the release of interleukin (IL) -1β and IL-18. Herein, we summarized the current research on the roles of neuron pyroptosis in AD, aiming to provide a comprehensive view of the molecular mechanisms underlying AD pathogenesis and potential therapeutic targets for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiyue Xue
- Department of Physical Education, Hunan University, Changsha, China
| | - Di Cui
- Department of Physical Education, Hunan University, Changsha, China
| | - Ye Qiu
- Department of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, China
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16
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Melatonin and multiple sclerosis: antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and immunomodulator mechanism of action. Inflammopharmacology 2022; 30:1569-1596. [PMID: 35665873 PMCID: PMC9167428 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-022-01011-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Melatonin is an indole hormone secreted primarily by the pineal gland that showing anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic capacity. It can play an important role in the pathophysiological mechanisms of various diseases. In this regard, different studies have shown that there is a relationship between Melatonin and Multiple Sclerosis (MS). MS is a chronic immune-mediated disease of the Central Nervous System. AIM The objective of this review was to evaluate the mechanisms of action of melatonin on oxidative stress, inflammation and intestinal dysbiosis caused by MS, as well as its interaction with different hormones and factors that can influence the pathophysiology of the disease. RESULTS Melatonin causes a significant increase in the levels of catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione and can counteract and inhibit the effects of the NLRP3 inflammasome, which would also be beneficial during SARS-CoV-2 infection. In addition, melatonin increases antimicrobial peptides, especially Reg3β, which could be useful in controlling the microbiota. CONCLUSION Melatonin could exert a beneficial effect in people suffering from MS, running as a promising candidate for the treatment of this disease. However, more research in human is needed to help understand the possible interaction between melatonin and certain sex hormones, such as estrogens, to know the potential therapeutic efficacy in both men and women.
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17
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Cui Y, Yu H, Bu Z, Wen L, Yan L, Feng J. Focus on the Role of the NLRP3 Inflammasome in Multiple Sclerosis: Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, and Therapeutics. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:894298. [PMID: 35694441 PMCID: PMC9175009 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.894298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroinflammation is initiated with an aberrant innate immune response in the central nervous system (CNS) and is involved in many neurological diseases. Inflammasomes are intracellular multiprotein complexes that can be used as platforms to induce the maturation and secretion of proinflammatory cytokines and pyroptosis, thus playing a pivotal role in neuroinflammation. Among the inflammasomes, the nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-, leucine-rich repeat- and pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome is well-characterized and contributes to many neurological diseases, such as multiple sclerosis (MS), Alzheimer's disease (AD), and ischemic stroke. MS is a chronic autoimmune disease of the CNS, and its hallmarks include chronic inflammation, demyelination, and neurodegeneration. Studies have demonstrated a relationship between MS and the NLRP3 inflammasome. To date, the pathogenesis of MS is not fully understood, and clinical studies on novel therapies are still underway. Here, we review the activation mechanism of the NLRP3 inflammasome, its role in MS, and therapies targeting related molecules, which may be beneficial in MS.
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Resveratrol and neuroprotection: an insight into prospective therapeutic approaches against Alzheimer's disease from bench to bedside. Mol Neurobiol 2022; 59:4384-4404. [PMID: 35545730 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-022-02859-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia and cognitive impairment; yet, there is currently no treatment. A buildup of Aβ, tau protein phosphorylation, oxidative stress, and inflammation in AD is pathogenic. The accumulation of amyloid-beta (Aβ) peptides in these neurocognitive areas is a significant characteristic of the disease. Therefore, inhibiting Aβ peptide aggregation has been proposed as the critical therapeutic approach for AD treatment. Resveratrol has been demonstrated in multiple studies to have a neuroprotective, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant characteristic and the ability to minimize Aβ peptides aggregation and toxicity in the hippocampus of Alzheimer's patients, stimulating neurogenesis and inhibiting hippocampal degeneration. Furthermore, resveratrol's antioxidant effect promotes neuronal development by activating the silent information regulator-1 (SIRT1), which can protect against the detrimental effects of oxidative stress. Resveratrol-induced SIRT1 activation is becoming more crucial in developing novel therapeutic options for AD and other diseases that have neurodegenerative characteristics. This review highlighted a better knowledge of resveratrol's mechanism of action and its promising therapeutic efficacy in treating AD. We also highlighted the therapeutic potential of resveratrol as an AD therapeutic agent, which is effective against neurodegenerative disorders.
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Merighi S, Nigro M, Travagli A, Pasquini S, Borea PA, Varani K, Vincenzi F, Gessi S. A 2A Adenosine Receptor: A Possible Therapeutic Target for Alzheimer's Disease by Regulating NLRP3 Inflammasome Activity? Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23095056. [PMID: 35563447 PMCID: PMC9101264 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23095056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The A2A adenosine receptor, a member of the P1 purinergic receptor family, plays a crucial role in the pathophysiology of different neurodegenerative illnesses, including Alzheimer’s disease (AD). It regulates both neurons and glial cells, thus modulating synaptic transmission and neuroinflammation. AD is a complex, progressive neurological condition that is the leading cause of dementia in the world’s old population (>65 years of age). Amyloid peptide-β extracellular accumulation and neurofibrillary tangles constitute the principal etiologic tracts, resulting in apoptosis, brain shrinkage, and neuroinflammation. Interestingly, a growing body of evidence suggests a role of NLRP3 inflammasome as a target to treat neurodegenerative diseases. It represents a tripartite multiprotein complex including NLRP3, ASC, and procaspase-1. Its activation requires two steps that lead with IL-1β and IL-18 release through caspase-1 activation. NLRP3 inhibition provides neuroprotection, and in recent years adenosine, through the A2A receptor, has been reported to modulate NLRP3 functions to reduce organ damage. In this review, we describe the role of NLRP3 in AD pathogenesis, both alone and in connection to A2A receptor regulation, in order to highlight a novel approach to address treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Merighi
- Department of Translational Medicine and for Romagna, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (S.M.); (M.N.); (A.T.); (K.V.); (F.V.)
| | - Manuela Nigro
- Department of Translational Medicine and for Romagna, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (S.M.); (M.N.); (A.T.); (K.V.); (F.V.)
| | - Alessia Travagli
- Department of Translational Medicine and for Romagna, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (S.M.); (M.N.); (A.T.); (K.V.); (F.V.)
| | - Silvia Pasquini
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy;
| | | | - Katia Varani
- Department of Translational Medicine and for Romagna, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (S.M.); (M.N.); (A.T.); (K.V.); (F.V.)
| | - Fabrizio Vincenzi
- Department of Translational Medicine and for Romagna, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (S.M.); (M.N.); (A.T.); (K.V.); (F.V.)
| | - Stefania Gessi
- Department of Translational Medicine and for Romagna, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (S.M.); (M.N.); (A.T.); (K.V.); (F.V.)
- Correspondence:
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Types of necroinflammation, the effect of cell death modalities on sterile inflammation. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:423. [PMID: 35501340 PMCID: PMC9061831 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-04883-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Distinct types of immune responses are activated by infections, which cause the development of type I, II, or III inflammation, regulated by Th1, Th2, Th17 helper T cells and ILC1, ILC2 and ILC3 cells, respectively. While the classification of immune responses to different groups of pathogens is widely accepted, subtypes of the immune response elicited by sterile inflammation have not yet been detailed. Necroinflammation is associated with the release of damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMP) from dying cells. In this review, we present that the distinct molecular mechanisms activated during apoptosis, necroptosis, pyroptosis, and ferroptosis lead to the release of different patterns of DAMPs and their suppressors, SAMPs. We summarize the currently available data on how regulated cell death pathways and released DAMPs and SAMPs direct the differentiation of T helper and ILC cells. Understanding the subtypes of necroinflammation can be crucial in developing strategies for the treatment of sterile inflammatory diseases caused by cell death processes.
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Wan T, Huang Y, Gao X, Wu W, Guo W. Microglia Polarization: A Novel Target of Exosome for Stroke Treatment. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:842320. [PMID: 35356292 PMCID: PMC8959940 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.842320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The vast majority of cells in the human body are capable of secreting exosomes. Exosomes have become an important vehicle for signaling between cells. Exosomes secreted by different cells have some of the structural and functional properties of that cell and thus have different regulatory functions. A large number of recent experimental studies have shown that exosomes from different sources have different regulatory effects on stroke, and the mechanisms still need to be elucidated. Microglia are core members of central intrinsic immune regulatory cells, which play an important regulatory role in the pathogenesis and progression of stroke. M1 microglia cause neuroinflammation and induce neurotoxic effects, while M2 microglia inhibit neuroinflammation and promote neurogenesis, thus exerting a series of neuroprotective effects. It was found that there is a close link between exosomes and microglia polarization, and that exosome inclusions such as microRNAs play a regulatory role in the M1/M2 polarization of microglia. This research reviews the role of exosomes in the regulation of microglia polarization and reveals their potential value in stroke treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teng Wan
- Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, China.,Sports Medicine Department, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Union Shenzhen Hospital, The 6th Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yunling Huang
- Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Xiaoyu Gao
- Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Wanpeng Wu
- Shenzhen Futian District Maternity & Child Healthcare Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Weiming Guo
- Sports Medicine Department, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Union Shenzhen Hospital, The 6th Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, China
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22
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Metformin Protects against Spinal Cord Injury and Cell Pyroptosis via AMPK/NLRP3 Inflammasome Pathway. Anal Cell Pathol 2022; 2022:3634908. [PMID: 35387358 PMCID: PMC8977347 DOI: 10.1155/2022/3634908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2021] [Revised: 02/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is an extreme neurological impairment with few effective drug treatments. Pyroptosis is a recently found and proven type of programmed cell death that is characterized by a reliance on inflammatory caspases and the release of a large number of proinflammatory chemicals. Pyroptosis differs from other cell death mechanisms such as apoptosis and necrosis in terms of morphological traits, incidence, and regulatory mechanism. Pyroptosis is widely involved in the occurrence and development of SCI. In-depth research on pyroptosis will help researchers better understand its involvement in the onset, progression, and prognosis of SCI, as well as provide new therapeutic prevention and treatment options. Herein, we investigated the role of AMPK-mediated activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome in the neuroprotection of MET-regulated pyroptosis. We found that MET treatment reduced NLRP3 inflammasome activation by activating phosphorylated AMPK and reduced proinflammatory cytokine (IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α) release. At the same time, MET improved motor function recovery in rats after SCI by reducing motor neuron loss in the anterior horn of the spinal cord. Taken together, our study confirmed that MET inhibits neuronal pyroptosis after SCI via the AMPK/NLRP3 signaling pathway, which is mostly dependent on the AMPK pathway increase, hence decreasing NLRP3 inflammasome activation.
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Wang Y, Zhou D, Meng Q, Xu L, Yao X, Ni X, Xie H, Wu G, Chen G, Hou Y, Li N. Anti-neuroinflammatory effects in vitro and in vivo, and chemical profile of Jatropha curcas L. Bioorg Chem 2022; 122:105720. [PMID: 35305482 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2022.105720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The ethyl acetate extract of the stems of Jatropha curcas (ESJ) exerted prominent anti-neuroinflammatory effect through inhibiting microglial overactivation, and reducing mRNA expression of inflammatory factors, including nitric oxide (NO), inducible nitric oxide synthase, and interleukin-1β in the cortex and the formation of NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasomes in C57BL/6 mice. Phytochemical research afforded twenty-three major constituents, including five undescribed components (diterpenes 1-3, 7 and a triterpene 18) and a new natural product [a diterpene, (3S,5S,10R)-3-hydroxy-12-methoxy-13-methylpodopcarpa-8,11,13-trien-7-one (8)], by comprehensive analysis of spectroscopic data. Bioassay showed that ESJ (IC50: 6.49 μg/mL), diterpenes 1, 5, 12, 14, 15, 17, triterpenes 18, 19, preussomerin 22, and lactone 23 (IC50 values from 0.10 to 49.05 μM) inhibited NO production more strongly than the positive control in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated BV-2 cells. HPLC experiment further substantiated that 1, 5, 12, 14-15, 17-19, 22-23 are the characteristic constituents of ESJ, suggesting they might possess the potential for the treatment of neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingjie Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Key Laboratory for TCM Material Basis Study and Innovative Drug Development of Shenyang City, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, PR China
| | - Di Zhou
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Key Laboratory for TCM Material Basis Study and Innovative Drug Development of Shenyang City, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, PR China
| | - Qingqi Meng
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110004, PR China
| | - Libin Xu
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110004, PR China
| | - Xiaohu Yao
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110004, PR China
| | - Xue Ni
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Key Laboratory for TCM Material Basis Study and Innovative Drug Development of Shenyang City, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, PR China
| | - Haihui Xie
- South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, PR China
| | - Guojiang Wu
- South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, PR China
| | - Gang Chen
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Key Laboratory for TCM Material Basis Study and Innovative Drug Development of Shenyang City, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, PR China
| | - Yue Hou
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110004, PR China.
| | - Ning Li
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Key Laboratory for TCM Material Basis Study and Innovative Drug Development of Shenyang City, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, PR China.
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Liang T, Zhang Y, Wu S, Chen Q, Wang L. The Role of NLRP3 Inflammasome in Alzheimer’s Disease and Potential Therapeutic Targets. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:845185. [PMID: 35250595 PMCID: PMC8889079 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.845185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a common age-related neurodegenerative disease characterized by progressive cognitive dysfunction and behavioral impairment. The typical pathological characteristics of AD are extracellular senile plaques composed of amyloid ß (Aβ) protein, intracellular neurofibrillary tangles formed by the hyperphosphorylation of the microtubule-associated protein tau, and neuron loss. In the past hundred years, although human beings have invested a lot of manpower, material and financial resources, there is no widely recognized drug for the effective prevention and clinical cure of AD in the world so far. Therefore, evaluating and exploring new drug targets for AD treatment is an important topic. At present, researchers have not stopped exploring the pathogenesis of AD, and the views on the pathogenic factors of AD are constantly changing. Multiple evidence have confirmed that chronic neuroinflammation plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of AD. In the field of neuroinflammation, the nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome is a key molecular link in the AD neuroinflammatory pathway. Under the stimulation of Aβ oligomers and tau aggregates, it can lead to the assembly and activation of NLRP3 inflammasome in microglia and astrocytes in the brain, thereby causing caspase-1 activation and the secretion of IL-1β and IL-18, which ultimately triggers the pathophysiological changes and cognitive decline of AD. In this review, we summarize current literatures on the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome and activation-related regulation mechanisms, and discuss its possible roles in the pathogenesis of AD. Moreover, focusing on the NLRP3 inflammasome and combining with the upstream and downstream signaling pathway-related molecules of NLRP3 inflammasome as targets, we review the pharmacologically related targets and various methods to alleviate neuroinflammation by regulating the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome, which provides new ideas for the treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Liang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Suyuan Wu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qingjie Chen
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Diabetes and Angiopathy, Medicine Research Institute, Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, China
| | - Lin Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Research Center for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Lin Wang,
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Li M, Zhou L, Sun X, Yang Y, Zhang C, Wang T, Fu F. Dopamine, a co-regulatory component, bridges the central nervous system and the immune system. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 145:112458. [PMID: 34847478 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 11/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Dopamine (DA) is a crucial neurotransmitter that plays an important role in maintaining physiological function in human body. In the past, most studies focused on the relationship between the dopaminergic system and neurological-related diseases. However, it has been found recently that DA is an immunomodulatory mediator and many immune cells express dopamine receptors (DRs). Some immune cells can synthesize and secrete DA and then participate in regulating immune function. DRs agonists or antagonists can improve the dysfunction of immune system through classical G protein signaling pathways or other non-receptor-dependent pathways. This article will discuss the relationship between the dopaminergic system and the immune system. It will also review the use of DRs agonists or antagonists to treat chronic and acute inflammatory diseases and corresponding immunomodulatory mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingan Li
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai, Shandong 264005, PR China
| | - Lin Zhou
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai, Shandong 264005, PR China
| | - Xiaohui Sun
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai, Shandong 264005, PR China
| | - Yunqi Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai, Shandong 264005, PR China
| | - Ce Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai, Shandong 264005, PR China
| | - Tian Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai, Shandong 264005, PR China.
| | - Fenghua Fu
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai, Shandong 264005, PR China.
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PAF Receptor Inhibition Attenuates Neuronal Pyroptosis in Cerebral Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury. Mol Neurobiol 2021; 58:6520-6539. [PMID: 34562185 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-021-02537-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Ischemic stroke is an inflammation-related disease, during which process activation of NLRP3 inflammasome and subsequent pyroptosis play crucial roles. Platelet-activating factor (PAF) is a potent phospholipid regulator of inflammation which exerts its effect via binding specific PAF receptor (PAFR). However, whether PAFR contributes to pyroptosis during ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury remains to be elucidated. To explore the underlying effect of PAFR on ischemic stroke from the perspective of pyroptosis, mice were subjected to middle cerebral artery occlusion/reperfusion (MCAO/R) injury and primary cultures of mice cerebral cortical neurons were exposed to oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R) injury to mimic I/R in vivo and in vitro, after which indexes associated with pyroptosis were analyzed. Intriguingly, our results indicated that inhibition of PAFR with its inhibitor XQ-1H or PAFR siRNA exerted a neuroprotective effect against I/R injury both in vivo and in vitro. Furthermore, inflammasome activation and pyroptosis after ischemic challenge were attenuated by XQ-1H or PAFR siRNA. Besides, the protection of XQ-1H was abolished by PAF stimulaiton to some extent. Moreover, XQ-1H or PAFR siRNA alleviated the neuronal pyroptosis induced by LPS and nigericin (an NLRP3 activator) in cortical neurons. Taken together, this study firstly demonstrates that PAFR is involved in neuronal pyroptosis after I/R injury, and XQ-1H, a specific PAFR inhibitor, has a promising prospect in attenuating I/R injury from the perspective of anti-pyroptosis.
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Inflammasome NLRP3 Potentially Links Obesity-Associated Low-Grade Systemic Inflammation and Insulin Resistance with Alzheimer's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22115603. [PMID: 34070553 PMCID: PMC8198882 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 05/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common form of neurodegenerative dementia. Metabolic disorders including obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) may stimulate amyloid β (Aβ) aggregate formation. AD, obesity, and T2DM share similar features such as chronic inflammation, increased oxidative stress, insulin resistance, and impaired energy metabolism. Adiposity is associated with the pro-inflammatory phenotype. Adiposity-related inflammatory factors lead to the formation of inflammasome complexes, which are responsible for the activation, maturation, and release of the pro-inflammatory cytokines including interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and interleukin-18 (IL-18). Activation of the inflammasome complex, particularly NLRP3, has a crucial role in obesity-induced inflammation, insulin resistance, and T2DM. The abnormal activation of the NLRP3 signaling pathway influences neuroinflammatory processes. NLRP3/IL-1β signaling could underlie the association between adiposity and cognitive impairment in humans. The review includes a broadened approach to the role of obesity-related diseases (obesity, low-grade chronic inflammation, type 2 diabetes, insulin resistance, and enhanced NLRP3 activity) in AD. Moreover, we also discuss the mechanisms by which the NLRP3 activation potentially links inflammation, peripheral and central insulin resistance, and metabolic changes with AD.
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