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Shollar MM, Merza J, Darwish M, Keshe M. Synthesis, characterization, and biological evaluation of novel cinnamic acid derivatives: cinnamoyl-metronidazole ester and cinnamoyl-memantine amide. Heliyon 2024; 10:e29851. [PMID: 38694036 PMCID: PMC11058287 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e29851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024] Open
Abstract
In this study, two derivatives, namely the ester derivative cinnamoyl metronidazole and the amide derivative cinnamoyl memantine, were synthesized from cinnamic acid and respective drugs for the purpose of exploring their potential as novel and efficient antimicrobial agents in the quest of prevailing the global antimicrobial resistance challenge. The synthesis process involved two steps: first, the chlorination of cinnamic acid using thionyl chloride, and second, the esterification of metronidazole or the amidation of memantine. These steps resulted in the formation of cinnamoyl metronidazole/memantine. Optimal reaction conditions were established, and chromatographic techniques were used to separate the synthesized compounds. Confirmation of successful synthesis was achieved through FT-IR analysis, which readily distinguished the chlorinated product and derivatives based on distinctive bands, including mainly the one of carbonyl group. Additionally, molecular structures were validated using 1H NMR and 13C NMR, with all peaks further confirming the successful esterification/amidation of cinnamoyl and drug moieties. Upon evaluating the biological activity, the parent compounds exhibited negligible effects within the tested concentration range. However, the derivatives demonstrated significant activity. The ester derivative exhibited potent activity against the Gram-positive bacterium Staphylococcus aureus, as evidenced by a zone of inhibition measuring 12-15 mm in diameter. Conversely, the amide derivative displayed appreciable biological activity against Candida fungi, with an inhibition zone measuring 11-14 mm.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Joumaa Merza
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Al-Baath University, Homs, Syria
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, King George VI Building, Newcastle Upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK
| | - Maher Darwish
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Drug Control, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wadi International University, Homs, Syria
| | - Mohammad Keshe
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Al-Baath University, Homs, Syria
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2
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Swami B, Kumari N, Maruthi M, Kunjunny NK, Menon RS. A formal vinylic substitution reaction for the synthesis of α,β-unsaturated enol esters and their anticancer potential. Org Biomol Chem 2024; 22:3273-3278. [PMID: 38572769 DOI: 10.1039/d4ob00401a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
Arylsulfonyl group-bearing α,β-unsaturated enol esters were readily assembled via the Cs2CO3-mediated union of 2-bromoallyl sulfones and cinnamic acids. The overall transformation is equivalent to an sp2 carbon-oxygen coupling reaction, and therefore constitutes a formal vinylic substitution. Several of the products display promising levels of antiproliferative activities higher than that of the anticancer drug carboplatin. Thiophenol reacted with 2-bromoallyl sulfones under identical conditions to afford α-thiophenyl-α'-tosyl acetone via an apparent aerial oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhawna Swami
- Department of Chemistry, Central University of Haryana, Mahendergarh, Haryana 123 031, India
| | - Neetu Kumari
- Department of Biochemistry, Central University of Haryana, Mahendergarh, Haryana 123 031, India
| | - Mulaka Maruthi
- Department of Biochemistry, Central University of Haryana, Mahendergarh, Haryana 123 031, India
| | - Neethu K Kunjunny
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calicut, Malappuram, Kerala 673 635, India.
| | - Rajeev S Menon
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calicut, Malappuram, Kerala 673 635, India.
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3
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Gao J, Liu J, Yu T, Xu C, Sun H, Lu C, Dan W, Dai J. Synthesis of 3-formyl-eudistomin U with anti-proliferation, anti-migration and apoptosis-promoting activities on melanoma cells. BMC Chem 2023; 17:184. [PMID: 38124159 PMCID: PMC10734049 DOI: 10.1186/s13065-023-01102-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The discovery of new lead skeleton against melanoma are urgently needed due to its highly malignant and mortality. Herein, a new molecular entity (EU-5) derived from eudistomin U was synthesized with total yield of 46%, which displayed potent activity against malignant melanoma A375 cells (IC50 = 4.4 µM), no hemolytic toxicity and good physicochemical properties in silico. Colony formation and cell cycle arrest assays revealed that EU-5 suppressed cell proliferation by causing cell cycle arrest at G0/G1 phase. Wound healing and transwell assays suggested that EU-5 could effectively inhibit migration of A375 cells in a dose-dependent manner. Calcein-AM/PI staining, Annexin V-FITC/PI apoptosis detection, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), reactive oxygen species (ROS), transcriptomics, quantitative real‑time polymerase chain reaction (qRT‑PCR), spectrometric titration and molecular docking assays indicated that EU-5 could activate p53 signaling pathway and trigger mitochondria-mediated cell apoptosis. Taken together, this study provided a promising lead structure for the design of a new generation of anti-melanoma drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jixiang Gao
- School of Life Science and Technology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong Province, 261053, China
- Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong Province, 250100, China
| | - Jinyi Liu
- School of Life Science and Technology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong Province, 261053, China
| | - Tao Yu
- School of Life Science and Technology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong Province, 261053, China
| | - Chenggong Xu
- School of Life Science and Technology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong Province, 261053, China
| | - Hao Sun
- School of Life Science and Technology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong Province, 261053, China
| | - Chunbo Lu
- School of Life Science and Technology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong Province, 261053, China
| | - Wenjia Dan
- School of Life Science and Technology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong Province, 261053, China.
| | - Jiangkun Dai
- School of Life Science and Technology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong Province, 261053, China.
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Li J, Min X, Zheng X, Wang S, Xu X, Peng J. Synthesis, Anti-Tyrosinase Activity, and Spectroscopic Inhibition Mechanism of Cinnamic Acid-Eugenol Esters. Molecules 2023; 28:5969. [PMID: 37630220 PMCID: PMC10460039 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28165969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Tyrosinase plays crucial roles in mediating the production of melanin pigment; thus, its inhibitors could be useful in preventing melanin-related diseases. To find potential tyrosinase inhibitors, a series of cinnamic acid-eugenol esters (c1~c29) was synthesized and their chemical structures were confirmed by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, HRMS, and FT-IR, respectively. The biological evaluation results showed that all compounds c1~c29 exhibited definite tyrosinase inhibitory activity; especially, compound c27 was the strongest tyrosinase inhibitor (IC50: 3.07 ± 0.26 μM), being ~4.6-fold stronger than the positive control, kojic acid (IC50: 14.15 ± 0.46 μM). Inhibition kinetic studies validated compound c27 as a reversible mixed-type inhibitor against tyrosinase. Three-dimensional fluorescence and circular dichroism (CD) spectra results indicated that compound c27 could change the conformation and secondary structure of tyrosinase. Fluorescence-quenching results showed that compound c27 quenched tyrosinase fluorescence in the static manner with one binding site. Molecular docking results also revealed the binding interactions between compound c27 and tyrosinase. Therefore, cinnamic acid-eugenol esters, especially c27, could be used as lead compounds to find potential tyrosinase inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianping Li
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, China (X.Z.)
| | - Xiaofeng Min
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, China (X.Z.)
| | - Xi Zheng
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, China (X.Z.)
| | - Shaohua Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China;
| | - Xuetao Xu
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, China (X.Z.)
| | - Jinbao Peng
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, China (X.Z.)
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dos Santos FS, de Freitas RP, de Freitas CS, Mendonça DVC, Lage DP, Tavares GDSV, Machado AS, Martins VT, Costa AV, de Queiroz VT, de Oliveira MB, de Oliveira FM, Antinarelli LMR, Coimbra ES, Pilau EJ, da Silva GP, Coelho EAF, Teixeira RR. Synthesis of 1,2,3-Triazole-Containing Methoxylated Cinnamides and Their Antileishmanial Activity against the Leishmania braziliensis Species. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:1113. [PMID: 37631028 PMCID: PMC10459042 DOI: 10.3390/ph16081113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Leishmaniasis is a group of infectious diseases caused by protozoan parasites that belong to the genus Leishmania. Currently, there is no human vaccine, and the available treatments are associated with toxicity, high cost, and the emergence of resistant strains. These factors highlight the need to identify new antileishmanial candidates. In this study, we synthesized twenty-four methoxylated cinnamides containing 1,2,3-triazole fragments and evaluated their antileishmanial activity against the Leishmania braziliensis species, which is the main etiological agent responsible for American Tegumentary Leishmaniasis (ATL). The cinnamides were synthetically prepared using nucleophilic acyl substitution and copper(I)-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC) reactions. The compounds were characterized using infrared, nuclear magnetic resonance, and high-resolution mass spectrometry techniques. We performed preliminary studies to evaluate the biological activity of these compounds against L. braziliensis promastigotes and axenic amastigotes. Compound 28, N-((1-(7-(diethylamino)-2-oxo-2H-chromen-3-yl)-1H-1,2,3-triazole-4-yl) methyl)-3,4-dimethoxy cinnamide, demonstrated relevant antileishmanial activity with low toxicity in murine cells. The selectivity index values for this compound were superior compared with data obtained using amphotericin B. Furthermore, this cinnamide derivative reduced the infection percentage and number of recovered amastigotes in L. braziliensis-infected macrophages. It also induced an increase in reactive oxygen species production, depolarization of the mitochondrial potential, and disruption of the parasite membrane. Taken together, these findings suggest that this synthetic compound holds potential as an antileishmanial candidate and should be considered for future studies in the treatment of ATL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabíola Suelen dos Santos
- Laboratório de Síntese Orgânica (LABSINTO), Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Minas Gerais, Brazil; (F.S.d.S.); (R.P.d.F.)
| | - Rossimiriam Pereira de Freitas
- Laboratório de Síntese Orgânica (LABSINTO), Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Minas Gerais, Brazil; (F.S.d.S.); (R.P.d.F.)
| | - Camila Simões de Freitas
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde: Infectologia e Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Minas Gerais, Brazil; (C.S.d.F.); (D.V.C.M.); (D.P.L.); (G.d.S.V.T.); (A.S.M.); (V.T.M.); (E.A.F.C.)
| | - Débora Vasconcelos Costa Mendonça
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde: Infectologia e Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Minas Gerais, Brazil; (C.S.d.F.); (D.V.C.M.); (D.P.L.); (G.d.S.V.T.); (A.S.M.); (V.T.M.); (E.A.F.C.)
| | - Daniela Pagliara Lage
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde: Infectologia e Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Minas Gerais, Brazil; (C.S.d.F.); (D.V.C.M.); (D.P.L.); (G.d.S.V.T.); (A.S.M.); (V.T.M.); (E.A.F.C.)
| | - Grasiele de Sousa Vieira Tavares
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde: Infectologia e Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Minas Gerais, Brazil; (C.S.d.F.); (D.V.C.M.); (D.P.L.); (G.d.S.V.T.); (A.S.M.); (V.T.M.); (E.A.F.C.)
| | - Amanda Sanchez Machado
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde: Infectologia e Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Minas Gerais, Brazil; (C.S.d.F.); (D.V.C.M.); (D.P.L.); (G.d.S.V.T.); (A.S.M.); (V.T.M.); (E.A.F.C.)
| | - Vivian Tamieti Martins
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde: Infectologia e Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Minas Gerais, Brazil; (C.S.d.F.); (D.V.C.M.); (D.P.L.); (G.d.S.V.T.); (A.S.M.); (V.T.M.); (E.A.F.C.)
| | - Adilson Vidal Costa
- Grupo de Estudo Aplicado em Produtos Naturais e Síntese Orgânica (GEAPS), Departamento de Química e Física, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Alegre 29500-000, Espírito Santo, Brazil; (A.V.C.); (V.T.d.Q.); (M.B.d.O.)
| | - Vagner Tebaldi de Queiroz
- Grupo de Estudo Aplicado em Produtos Naturais e Síntese Orgânica (GEAPS), Departamento de Química e Física, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Alegre 29500-000, Espírito Santo, Brazil; (A.V.C.); (V.T.d.Q.); (M.B.d.O.)
| | - Mariana Belizario de Oliveira
- Grupo de Estudo Aplicado em Produtos Naturais e Síntese Orgânica (GEAPS), Departamento de Química e Física, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Alegre 29500-000, Espírito Santo, Brazil; (A.V.C.); (V.T.d.Q.); (M.B.d.O.)
| | | | - Luciana Maria Ribeiro Antinarelli
- Departamento de Parasitologia, Microbiologia e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora 36036-900, Minas Gerais, Brazil; (L.M.R.A.); (E.S.C.)
| | - Elaine Soares Coimbra
- Departamento de Parasitologia, Microbiologia e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora 36036-900, Minas Gerais, Brazil; (L.M.R.A.); (E.S.C.)
| | - Eduardo Jorge Pilau
- Centro de Ciências Exatas, Departamento de Química, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá 87020-900, Paraná, Brazil; (E.J.P.); (G.P.d.S.)
| | - Geovane Perez da Silva
- Centro de Ciências Exatas, Departamento de Química, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá 87020-900, Paraná, Brazil; (E.J.P.); (G.P.d.S.)
| | - Eduardo Antonio Ferraz Coelho
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde: Infectologia e Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Minas Gerais, Brazil; (C.S.d.F.); (D.V.C.M.); (D.P.L.); (G.d.S.V.T.); (A.S.M.); (V.T.M.); (E.A.F.C.)
| | - Róbson Ricardo Teixeira
- Grupo de Síntese e Pesquisa de Compostos Bioativos (GSPCB), Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa 36570-900, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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Sampaio JG, Pressete CG, Costa AV, Martins FT, de Almeida Lima GD, Ionta M, Teixeira RR. Methoxylated Cinnamic Esters with Antiproliferative and Antimetastatic Effects on Human Lung Adenocarcinoma Cells. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:1428. [PMID: 37511803 PMCID: PMC10381754 DOI: 10.3390/life13071428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer mortality worldwide, and malignant melanomas are highly lethal owing to their elevated metastatic potential. Despite improvements in therapeutic approaches, cancer treatments are not completely effective. Thus, new drug candidates are continuously sought. We synthesized mono- and di-methoxylated cinnamic acid esters and investigated their antitumor potential. A cell viability assay was performed to identify promising substances against A549 (non-small-cell lung cancer) and SK-MEL-147 (melanoma) cells. (E)-2,5-dimethoxybenzyl 3-(4-methoxyphenyl)acrylate (4m), a monomethoxylated cinnamic acid derivative, was identified as the lead antitumor compound, and its antitumor potential was deeply investigated. Various approaches were employed to investigate the antiproliferative (clonogenic assay and cell cycle analysis), proapoptotic (annexin V assay), and antimigratory (wound-healing and adhesion assays) activities of 4m on A549 cells. In addition, western blotting was performed to explore its mechanism of action. We demonstrated that 4m inhibits the proliferation of A549 by promoting cyclin B downregulation and cell cycle arrest at G2/M. Antimigratory and proapoptotic activities of 4m on A549 were also observed. The antitumor potential of 4m involved its ability to modulate the mitogen-activated protein kinases/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (MAPK/ERK) signaling pathway once phosphorylated-ERK expression was considerably reduced in response to treatment. Our findings demonstrate that 4m is a promising anticancer drug candidate.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Graciano Sampaio
- Grupo de Síntese e Pesquisa de Compostos Bioativos (GSPCB), Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa 36570-900, MG, Brazil
| | - Carolina Girotto Pressete
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biociências Aplicadas à Saúde, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal de Alfenas, Alfenas 37130-000, MG, Brazil
| | - Adilson Vidal Costa
- Departamento de Química e Física, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Guararema, Alegre 29500-000, ES, Brazil
| | - Felipe Terra Martins
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia 74690-900, GO, Brazil
| | - Graziela Domingues de Almeida Lima
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biociências Aplicadas à Saúde, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal de Alfenas, Alfenas 37130-000, MG, Brazil
| | - Marisa Ionta
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biociências Aplicadas à Saúde, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal de Alfenas, Alfenas 37130-000, MG, Brazil
| | - Róbson Ricardo Teixeira
- Grupo de Síntese e Pesquisa de Compostos Bioativos (GSPCB), Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa 36570-900, MG, Brazil
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de Morais MC, Medeiros GA, Almeida FS, Rocha JDC, Perez-Castillo Y, Keesen TDSL, de Sousa DP. Antileishmanial Activity of Cinnamic Acid Derivatives against Leishmania infantum. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28062844. [PMID: 36985814 PMCID: PMC10053546 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28062844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Leishmania infantum is the etiological agent of visceral leishmaniasis (VL) in South America, the Mediterranean basin, and West and Central Asia. The most affected country, Brazil, reported 4297 VL cases in 2017. L. infantum is transmitted by female phlebotomine sand flies during successive blood meals. There are no validated vaccines to prevent the infection and the treatment relies on drugs that often present severe side effects, which justify the efforts to find new antileishmanial drugs. Cinnamic acid derivatives have shown several pharmacological activities, including antiparasitic action. Therefore, in the present study, the biological evaluation of cinnamic acid and thirty-four derivatives against L. infantum is reported. The compounds were prepared by several synthesis methods and characterized by spectroscopic techniques and high-resolution mass spectrometry. The results revealed that compound 32 (N-(4-isopropylbenzyl)cinnamamide) was the most potent antileishmanial agent (IC50 = 33.71 μM) with the highest selectivity index (SI > 42.46), followed by compound 15 (piperonyl cinnamate) with an IC50 = 42.80 μM and SI > 32.86. Compound 32 was slightly less potent and nineteen times more selective for the parasite than amphotericin B (MIC = 3.14 uM; SI = 2.24). In the molecular docking study, the most likely target for the compound in L. infantum was aspartyl aminopeptidase, followed by aldehyde dehydrogenase, mitochondrial. The data obtained show the antileishmanial potential of this class of compounds and may be used in the search for new drug candidates against Leishmania species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayara Castro de Morais
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa 58051-900, BP, Brazil
| | - Gisele Alves Medeiros
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa 58051-900, BP, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Silva Almeida
- Immunology of Infectious Diseases Laboratory, Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Paraiba, João Pessoa 58051-900, BP, Brazil
| | - Juliana da Câmara Rocha
- Immunology of Infectious Diseases Laboratory, Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Paraiba, João Pessoa 58051-900, BP, Brazil
| | - Yunierkis Perez-Castillo
- Bio-Cheminformatics Research Group and Area de Ciencias Aplicadas, Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias Aplicadas, Universidad de Las Americas, Quito 170503, Ecuador
| | - Tatjana de Souza Lima Keesen
- Immunology of Infectious Diseases Laboratory, Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Paraiba, João Pessoa 58051-900, BP, Brazil
| | - Damião Pergentino de Sousa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa 58051-900, BP, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Bioactive Natural and Synthetic Products, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa 58051-900, BP, Brazil
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8
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Synthetic Cinnamides and Cinnamates: Antimicrobial Activity, Mechanism of Action, and In Silico Study. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28041918. [PMID: 36838906 PMCID: PMC9967511 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28041918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The severity of infectious diseases associated with the resistance of microorganisms to drugs highlights the importance of investigating bioactive compounds with antimicrobial potential. Therefore, nineteen synthetic cinnamides and cinnamates having a cinnamoyl nucleus were prepared and submitted for the evaluation of antimicrobial activity against pathogenic fungi and bacteria in this study. To determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the compounds, possible mechanisms of antifungal action, and synergistic effects, microdilution testing in broth was used. The structures of the synthesized products were characterized with FTIR spectroscopy, 1 H-NMR, 13 C-NMR, and HRMS. Derivative 6 presented the best antifungal profile, suggesting that the presence of the butyl substituent potentiates its biological response (MIC = 626.62 μM), followed by compound 4 (672.83 μM) and compound 3 (726.36 μM). All three compounds were fungicidal, with MFC/MIC ≤ 4. For mechanism of action, compounds 4 and 6 directly interacted with the ergosterol present in the fungal plasmatic membrane and with the cell wall. Compound 18 presented the best antibacterial profile (MIC = 458.15 μM), followed by compound 9 (550.96 μM) and compound 6 (626.62 μM), which suggested that the presence of an isopropyl group is important for antibacterial activity. The compounds were bactericidal, with MBC/MIC ≤ 4. Association tests were performed using the Checkerboard method to evaluate potential synergistic effects with nystatin (fungi) and amoxicillin (bacteria). Derivatives 6 and 18 presented additive effects. Molecular docking simulations suggested that the most likely targets of compound 6 in C. albicans were caHOS2 and caRPD3, while the most likely target of compound 18 in S. aureus was saFABH. Our results suggest that these compounds could be used as prototypes to obtain new antimicrobial drugs.
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Yu Q, Zhang H, Tian L, Sun S. Solid acid
HND
‐26 as a novel catalyst: Green and sustainable alternatives towards synthesis of benzyl cinnamate. FLAVOUR FRAG J 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ffj.3724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qian Yu
- Lipid Technology and Engineering, School of Food Science and Engineering Henan University of Technology Zhengzhou Henan Province China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Lipid Technology and Engineering, School of Food Science and Engineering Henan University of Technology Zhengzhou Henan Province China
| | - Liya Tian
- Lipid Technology and Engineering, School of Food Science and Engineering Henan University of Technology Zhengzhou Henan Province China
| | - Shangde Sun
- Lipid Technology and Engineering, School of Food Science and Engineering Henan University of Technology Zhengzhou Henan Province China
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10
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4-Methoxyphenethyl (E)-3-(o-tolyl)acrylate. MOLBANK 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/m1519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
4-Methoxyphenethyl (E)-3-(o-tolyl)acrylate (1) was obtained in a good yield by the reaction of 2-methylcinnamic acid, 4-methoxyphenethyl alcohol, 2-methyl-6-nitrobenzoic anhydride, 4-dimethylaminopyridine, and triethylamine at room temperature for 40 min. The structure of 4-methoxyphenethyl (E)-3-(o-tolyl)acrylate (1) was established by FTIR, NMR, and the high resolution of mass spectroscopies. 4-Methoxyphenethyl (E)-3-(o-tolyl)acrylate (1) showed higher α-glucosidase inhibition activity than standard drug acarbose. The molecular docking study exhibited that the title compound 1 had a good affinity for α-glucosidase (PDB ID: 3W37) and formed some interactions with the α-glucosidase active site residue.
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Trifluoromethylcinnamanilide Michael Acceptors for Treatment of Resistant Bacterial Infections. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232315090. [PMID: 36499415 PMCID: PMC9737391 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232315090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of thirty-two anilides of 3-(trifluoromethyl)cinnamic acid (series 1) and 4-(trifluoromethyl)cinnamic acid (series 2) was prepared by microwave-assisted synthesis. All the compounds were tested against reference strains Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213 and Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29212 and resistant clinical isolates of methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) and vancomycin-resistant E. faecalis (VRE). All the compounds were evaluated in vitro against Mycobacterium smegmatis ATCC 700084 and M. marinum CAMP 5644. (2E)-3-[3-(Trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-N-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]prop-2-enamide (1j), (2E)-N-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)-3-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]prop-2-enamide (1o) and (2E)-N-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-3-[4-(trifluoromethyl)-phenyl]prop-2-enamide (2i), (2E)-N-[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-3-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-prop-2-enamide (2p) showed antistaphylococcal (MICs/MBCs 0.15-5.57 µM) as well as anti-enterococcal (MICs/MBCs 2.34-44.5 µM) activity. The growth of M. marinum was strongly inhibited by compounds 1j and 2p in a MIC range from 0.29 to 2.34 µM, while all the agents of series 1 showed activity against M. smegnatis (MICs ranged from 9.36 to 51.7 µM). The performed docking study demonstrated the ability of the compounds to bind to the active site of the mycobacterial enzyme InhA. The compounds had a significant effect on the inhibition of bacterial respiration, as demonstrated by the MTT assay. The compounds showed not only bacteriostatic activity but also bactericidal activity. Preliminary in vitro cytotoxicity screening was assessed using the human monocytic leukemia cell line THP-1 and, except for compound 2p, all effective agents did show insignificant cytotoxic effect. Compound 2p is an interesting anti-invasive agent with dual (cytotoxic and antibacterial) activity, while compounds 1j and 1o are the most interesting purely antibacterial compounds within the prepared molecules.
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New brefeldin A-cinnamic acid ester derivatives as potential antitumor agents: Design, synthesis and biological evaluation. Eur J Med Chem 2022; 240:114598. [PMID: 35849940 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.114598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common primary liver malignancy and ranks third in mortality rate worldwide. Brefeldin A (BFA, 1), a natural Arf1 inhibitor, qualifies extremely superior antitumor activity against HCC while its low aqueous solubility, poor bioavailability, and high toxicity have greatly hindered its translation to the clinic. Herein, a series of BFA-cinnamic acid ester derivatives was rationally designed and synthesized via introducing active cinnamic acid and its analogues into the structure of 1. Their in vitro cytotoxic activities on five cancer cell lines, including HepG2, BEL-7402, HeLa, Eca-109 and PANC-1, were evaluated using MTT assay. As expected, favorable cytotoxic activity was observed on majority of the mono-substituted derivatives. Especially, the most potent brefeldin A 4-O-(4)-dimethylaminocinnamate (CHNQD-01269, 33) with improved aqueous solubility, demonstrated the strong cytotoxic activity against HepG2 and BEL-7402 cell lines with IC50 values of 0.29 and 0.84 μM, respectively. More importantly, 33 performed low toxicity on normal liver cell line L-02 with the selectivity index (SI) of 9.69, which was more than 17-fold higher than that of 1. Results from mechanistic studies represented that 33 blocked the cell cycle in the G1 phase, and induced apoptosis via elevating reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and increasing expression of apoptosis-related proteins of HepG2 cells. Docking experiment also suggested 33 a promising Arf1 inhibitor, which was confirmed by the cellular thermal shift assay that 33 displayed a significant effect on the stability of Arf1 protein. Furthermore, 33 possessed high safety profile (MTD >100 mg/kg, ip) and favorable pharmacokinetic properties. Notably, the superior antiproliferative activity was verified in HepG2 tumor-bearing xenograft model in which 33 markedly suppressed the tumor growth (TGI = 46.17%) in nude mice at a dose of 10 mg/kg once a day for 16 d. The present study provided evidence of exploiting this series of highly efficacious derivatives, especially 33, for the treatment of HCC.
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Kozyra P, Krasowska D, Pitucha M. New Potential Agents for Malignant Melanoma Treatment-Most Recent Studies 2020-2022. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:6084. [PMID: 35682764 PMCID: PMC9180979 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23116084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Malignant melanoma (MM) is the most lethal skin cancer. Despite a 4% reduction in mortality over the past few years, an increasing number of new diagnosed cases appear each year. Long-term therapy and the development of resistance to the drugs used drive the search for more and more new agents with anti-melanoma activity. This review focuses on the most recent synthesized anti-melanoma agents from 2020-2022. For selected agents, apart from the analysis of biological activity, the structure-activity relationship (SAR) is also discussed. To the best of our knowledge, the following literature review delivers the latest achievements in the field of new anti-melanoma agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paweł Kozyra
- Independent Radiopharmacy Unit, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Danuta Krasowska
- Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Pediatric Dermatology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-081 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Monika Pitucha
- Independent Radiopharmacy Unit, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland;
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