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Gabbia D, Sayaf K, Zanotto I, Colognesi M, Frion-Herrera Y, Carrara M, Russo FP, De Martin S. Tyrosol attenuates NASH features by reprogramming the hepatic immune milieu. Eur J Pharmacol 2024; 969:176453. [PMID: 38408597 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2024.176453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is a leading cause of chronic liver disease, and no drugs have been approved for its therapy. Among plant-derived molecules, phenolic compounds of extra virgin olive oil like tyrosol (Tyr) had demonstrated multiple beneficial actions for liver health, including the modulation of inflammation in fibrosis. This study aims at assessing the protective effect and mechanism of Tyr in invitro and in vivo models of NASH, with a focus on the hepatic immune microenvironment and extrahepatic manifestations. The effect of Tyr was evaluated in cellular models of NASH, obtained by co-culturing palmitic and oleic acid-treated HepG2 cells with THP1-derived M1 macrophages and LX2 cells, and in a mouse model of NASH induced by a high fructose-high fat diet combined to CCl4 treatment. In vitro Tyr reduced fatty acid (FA) accumulation in HepG2 cells and displayed a beneficial effect on LX2 activation and macrophage differentiation. In vivo, beside reducing steatosis and fibrosis in NASH animals, Tyr prevented inflammation, as demonstrated by the reduction of hepatic inflammatory foci, and immune cells like CD86+ macrophages (p < 0.05), CD4+ (p < 0.05) and T helper effector CD4+ FoxP3- CD62L-lymphocytes (p < 0.05). Also, the prooxidant enzyme NOX1 and the mRNA expression of TGF-β1 and IL6 (p < 0.05) were reduced by Tyr. Notably, in Tyr-treated animals, a significant increase of CD4+ FoxP3+ Treg cells (p < 0.05) was observed, involved in regenerative pathways. Moreover, Tyr attenuated the fatigue and anxious behavior observed in NASH mice. In conclusion, Tyr effectively reduced NASH-related steatosis, fibrosis, oxidative stress, and inflammation, displaying a beneficial effect on the hepatic immune infiltrate, indicating its possible development as a therapeutic agent for NASH due to its multifaceted mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Gabbia
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Katia Sayaf
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Ilaria Zanotto
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Martina Colognesi
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Yahima Frion-Herrera
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Maria Carrara
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Francesco Paolo Russo
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Sara De Martin
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.
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Chatzikonstantinou AV, Bellou MG, Spyrou S, Papanikolaou A, Simos YV, Peschos D, Stamatis H. Enhancement of the biological activity of hydroxytyrosol through its oxidation by laccase from Trametes versicolor. J Biotechnol 2024; 385:30-41. [PMID: 38403132 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2024.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
The laccase-catalyzed oxidation of hydroxytyrosol (HT) towards the formation of its bioactive oligomer derivatives was investigated. The biocatalytic oligomerization was catalyzed by laccase from Trametes versicolor in aqueous or various water-miscible organic solvents and deep eutectic solvent (DES)-based media. Mass Spectroscopy and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance were used for the characterization of the products. The solvent system used significantly affects the degree of HT oligomerization. The use of 50 % v/v methanol favored the production of the HT dimer, while other organic solvents as well as DESs led to the formation of hydroxytyrosol trimer and other oligomers. In vitro studies showed that the HT dimer exhibits 3- to 4-fold enhanced antibacterial activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria compared to the parent compound. Moreover, the ability of HT dimer to inhibit the activity of soybean lipoxygenase and Candida rugosa lipase was 1.5-fold higher than HT, while molecular docking supported these results. Furthermore, HT dimer showed reduced cytotoxicity against HEK293 cells and exhibited a strong ability to inhibit ROS formation. The enhanced bioactivity of HT dimer indicates that this compound could be considered for use in cosmetics, skin-care products, and nutraceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra V Chatzikonstantinou
- Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biological Applications and Technologies, University of Ioannina, Ioannina 45110, Greece; Nanomedicine and Nanobiotechnology Research Group, University of Ioannina, Ioannina 45110, Greece
| | - Myrto G Bellou
- Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biological Applications and Technologies, University of Ioannina, Ioannina 45110, Greece
| | - Stamatia Spyrou
- Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biological Applications and Technologies, University of Ioannina, Ioannina 45110, Greece
| | - Angelos Papanikolaou
- Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biological Applications and Technologies, University of Ioannina, Ioannina 45110, Greece
| | - Yannis V Simos
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, Ioannina 45110, Greece; Nanomedicine and Nanobiotechnology Research Group, University of Ioannina, Ioannina 45110, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Peschos
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, Ioannina 45110, Greece; Nanomedicine and Nanobiotechnology Research Group, University of Ioannina, Ioannina 45110, Greece
| | - Haralambos Stamatis
- Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biological Applications and Technologies, University of Ioannina, Ioannina 45110, Greece; Nanomedicine and Nanobiotechnology Research Group, University of Ioannina, Ioannina 45110, Greece.
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Zoubdane N, Abdo RA, Nguyen M, Bentourkia M, Turcotte EE, Berrougui H, Fulop T, Khalil A. High Tyrosol and Hydroxytyrosol Intake Reduces Arterial Inflammation and Atherosclerotic Lesion Microcalcification in Healthy Older Populations. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:130. [PMID: 38275655 PMCID: PMC10812987 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13010130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Aging is an important risk factor for cardiovascular diseases and convincing data have shown that chronic low-grade inflammation, which develops with advanced age, contributes significantly to cardiovascular risk. The present study aimed to use 18F-FDG/18F-NaF-PET/CT imaging to, respectively, gauge arterial inflammation and microcalcification in a healthy elderly population and to assess the potential benefits of a tyrosol- and hydroxytyrosol-rich diet on these two markers of atherosclerotic plaque fragility. Eleven healthy participants (mean age 75 ± 5.67 years) were supplemented for 6 months with high polyphenol-rich extra virgin olive oil (HP-EVOO), extra virgin olive oil (EVOO), or refined olive oil (ROO). The participants underwent PET/CT imaging with 18F-FDG and 18F-NaF radiotracers at baseline and after 6 months. 18F-FDG and 18F-NaF uptakes were quantified using standardized uptake values (SUV) and were categorized based on artery calcification and olive oil type. A total of 324 slices of the aortas of the imaged participants were analyzed for arterial inflammation and 327 slices were analyzed for microcalcification. 18F-FDG uptake was significantly higher in the non-calcified segments than in the calcified segments (SUVmax = 2.70 ± 0.62 and SUVmax = 2.54 ± 0.44, respectively, p < 0.042). Conversely, the non-calcified segments displayed significantly lower 18F-NaF uptake than the calcified segments (SUVmax = 1.90 ± 0.37 and 2.09 ± 0.24, respectively, p < 0.0001). The 6-month supplementation with HP-EVOO induced a significant reduction in 18F-FDG uptake in both the non-calcified (2.93 ± 0.23 to 2.75 ± 0.38, p < 0.004) and calcified segments of the aortas (2.25 ± 0.29 to 2.15 ± 0.19, p < 0.02). 18F-NaF uptake was also significantly lower in patients supplemented with HP-EVOO (SUVmax = 1.98 ± 0.33 at baseline compared to 1.85 ± 0.28, after the 6-month supplementation, p < 0.004), whereas no significant effect was observed with EVOO. Conversely, participants supplemented with ROO displayed a significant increase in 18F-NaF uptake (SUVmax = 1.78 ± 0.34 to 1.95 ± 0.34, p < 0.0001). The present study confirmed that a phenolic-compound-rich diet reduces both arterial inflammation and atherosclerotic lesion microcalcification and demonstrated that 18F-FDG/18F-NaF-PET/CT imaging is a valuable approach for assessing age-related arterial damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nada Zoubdane
- Geriatrics Unit, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 4N4, Canada; (N.Z.); (R.-A.A.); (H.B.); (T.F.)
| | - Redha-Alla Abdo
- Geriatrics Unit, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 4N4, Canada; (N.Z.); (R.-A.A.); (H.B.); (T.F.)
| | - Michel Nguyen
- Cardiology Unit, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 4N4, Canada;
| | - M’hamed Bentourkia
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Radiobiology, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1K 2R1, Canada;
| | - Eric E. Turcotte
- Sherbrooke Molecular Imaging Center (CIMS), 3001, 12th Ave N., Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5NY, Canada;
| | - Hicham Berrougui
- Geriatrics Unit, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 4N4, Canada; (N.Z.); (R.-A.A.); (H.B.); (T.F.)
| | - Tamas Fulop
- Geriatrics Unit, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 4N4, Canada; (N.Z.); (R.-A.A.); (H.B.); (T.F.)
| | - Abdelouahed Khalil
- Geriatrics Unit, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 4N4, Canada; (N.Z.); (R.-A.A.); (H.B.); (T.F.)
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López de Las Hazas MC, Del Saz-Lara A, Cedó L, Crespo MC, Tomé-Carneiro J, Chapado LA, Macià A, Visioli F, Escola-Gil JC, Dávalos A. Hydroxytyrosol Induces Dyslipidemia in an ApoB100 Humanized Mouse Model. Mol Nutr Food Res 2024; 68:e2300508. [PMID: 37933702 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202300508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
SCOPE Extra virgin olive oil has numerous cardiopreventive effects, largely due to its high content of (poly)phenols such as hydroxytyrosol (HT). However, some animal studies suggest that its excessive consumption may alter systemic lipoprotein metabolism. Because human lipoprotein metabolism differs from that of rodents, this study examines the effects of HT in a humanized mouse model that approximates human lipoprotein metabolism. METHODS AND RESULTS Mice are treated as follows: control diet or diet enriched with HT. Serum lipids and lipoproteins are determined after 4 and 8 weeks. We also analyzed the regulation of various genes and miRNA by HT, using microarrays and bioinformatic analysis. An increase in body weight is found after supplementation with HT, although food intake was similar in both groups. In addition, HT induced the accumulation of triacylglycerols but not cholesterol in different tissues. Systemic dyslipidemia after HT supplementation and impaired glucose metabolism are observed. Finally, HT modulates the expression of genes related to lipid metabolism, such as Pltp or Lpl. CONCLUSION HT supplementation induces systemic dyslipidemia and impaired glucose metabolism in humanized mice. Although the numerous health-promoting effects of HT far outweigh these potential adverse effects, further carefully conducted studies are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- María-Carmen López de Las Hazas
- Laboratory of Epigenetics of Lipid Metabolism, Instituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados (IMDEA)-Alimentación, CEI UAM+CSIC, Madrid, 28049, Spain
| | - Andrea Del Saz-Lara
- Laboratory of Epigenetics of Lipid Metabolism, Instituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados (IMDEA)-Alimentación, CEI UAM+CSIC, Madrid, 28049, Spain
- Laboratory of Functional Foods, Instituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados (IMDEA)-Alimentación, CEI UAM+CSIC, Madrid, 28049, Spain
- Health and Social Research Center, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Cuenca, 16171, Spain
| | - Lídia Cedó
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques (IIB) Sant Pau, Barcelona, 08041, Spain
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Research Unit, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Hospital Universitari de Tarragona Joan XXIII, Tarragona, 43005, Spain
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, 28029, Spain
| | - María Carmen Crespo
- Laboratory of Functional Foods, Instituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados (IMDEA)-Alimentación, CEI UAM+CSIC, Madrid, 28049, Spain
| | - João Tomé-Carneiro
- Laboratory of Functional Foods, Instituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados (IMDEA)-Alimentación, CEI UAM+CSIC, Madrid, 28049, Spain
| | - Luis A Chapado
- Laboratory of Epigenetics of Lipid Metabolism, Instituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados (IMDEA)-Alimentación, CEI UAM+CSIC, Madrid, 28049, Spain
| | - Alba Macià
- Department of Food Technology, Engineering and Science, XaRTA-TPV, Agrotecnio Center, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agraria, University of Lleida, Lleida, 25198, Spain
| | - Francesco Visioli
- Laboratory of Functional Foods, Instituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados (IMDEA)-Alimentación, CEI UAM+CSIC, Madrid, 28049, Spain
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Viale G. Colombo 3, Padova, 35121, Italy
| | - Joan C Escola-Gil
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques (IIB) Sant Pau, Barcelona, 08041, Spain
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, 28029, Spain
- Departament de Bioquímica, Biología Molecular i Biomedicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193, Spain
| | - Alberto Dávalos
- Laboratory of Epigenetics of Lipid Metabolism, Instituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados (IMDEA)-Alimentación, CEI UAM+CSIC, Madrid, 28049, Spain
- Consorcio CIBER de la Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, 28029, Spain
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Sayaf K, Zanotto I, Gabbia D, Alberti D, Pasqual G, Zaramella A, Fantin A, De Martin S, Russo FP. Sex Drives Functional Changes in the Progression and Regression of Liver Fibrosis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16452. [PMID: 38003640 PMCID: PMC10671597 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242216452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 10/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver fibrosis is a common and reversible feature of liver damage associated with many chronic liver diseases, and its onset is influenced by sex. In this study, we investigated the mechanisms of liver fibrosis and regeneration, focusing on understanding the mechanistic gaps between females and males. We injected increasing doses of carbon tetrachloride into female and male mice and maintained them for a washout period of eight weeks to allow for liver regeneration. We found that male mice were more prone to developing severe liver fibrosis as a consequence of early chronic liver damage, supported by the recruitment of a large number of Ly6Chigh MoMφs and neutrophils. Although prolonged liver damage exacerbated the fibrosis in mice of both sexes, activated HSCs and Ly6Chigh MoMφs were more numerous and active in the livers of female mice than those of male mice. After eight weeks of washout, only fibrotic females reported no activated HSCs, and a phenotype switching of Ly6Chigh MoMφs to anti-fibrogenic Ly6Clow MoMφs. The early stages of liver fibrosis mostly affected males rather than females, while long-term chronic liver damage was not influenced by sex, at least for liver fibrosis. Liver repair and regeneration were more efficient in females than in males.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katia Sayaf
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Ilaria Zanotto
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy (D.G.); (S.D.M.)
| | - Daniela Gabbia
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy (D.G.); (S.D.M.)
| | - Dafne Alberti
- Laboratory of Synthetic Immunology, Department of Surgery Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy (G.P.)
- Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, 35128 Padova, Italy
| | - Giulia Pasqual
- Laboratory of Synthetic Immunology, Department of Surgery Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy (G.P.)
- Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, 35128 Padova, Italy
| | - Alice Zaramella
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
- Gastroenterology Unit, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy;
| | - Alberto Fantin
- Gastroenterology Unit, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy;
| | - Sara De Martin
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy (D.G.); (S.D.M.)
| | - Francesco Paolo Russo
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
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Canato E, Grigoletto A, Zanotto I, Tedeschini T, Campara B, Quaglio G, Toffoli G, Mandracchia D, Dinarello A, Tiso N, Argenton F, Sayaf K, Guido M, Gabbia D, De Martin S, Pasut G. Anti-HER2 Super Stealth Immunoliposomes for Targeted-Chemotherapy. Adv Healthc Mater 2023; 12:e2301650. [PMID: 37590033 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202301650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
Liposomes play an important role in the field of drug delivery by virtue of their biocompatibility and versatility as carriers. Stealth liposomes, obtained by surface decoration with hydrophilic polyethylene glycol (PEG) molecules, represent an important turning point in liposome technology, leading to significant improvements in the pharmacokinetic profile compared to naked liposomes. Nevertheless, the generation of effective targeted liposomes-a central issue for cancer therapy-has faced several difficulties and clinical phase failures. Active targeting remains a challenge for liposomes. In this direction, a new Super Stealth Immunoliposomes (SSIL2) composed of a PEG-bi-phospholipids derivative is designed that stabilizes the polymer shielding over the liposomes. Furthermore, its counterpart, conjugated to the fragment antigen-binding of trastuzumab (Fab'TRZ -PEG-bi-phospholipids), is firmly anchored on the liposomes surface and correctly orients outward the targeting moiety. Throughout this study, the performances of SSIL2 are evaluated and compared to classic stealth liposomes and stealth immunoliposomes in vitro in a panel of cell lines and in vivo studies in zebrafish larvae and rodent models. Overall, SSIL2 shows superior in vitro and in vivo outcomes, both in terms of safety and anticancer efficacy, thus representing a step forward in targeted cancer therapy, and valuable for future development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Canato
- Department Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 5, Padova, 35131, Italy
| | - Antonella Grigoletto
- Department Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 5, Padova, 35131, Italy
| | - Ilaria Zanotto
- Department Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 5, Padova, 35131, Italy
| | - Tommaso Tedeschini
- Department Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 5, Padova, 35131, Italy
| | - Benedetta Campara
- Department Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 5, Padova, 35131, Italy
| | - Giovanna Quaglio
- Department Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 5, Padova, 35131, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Toffoli
- Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO) IRCCS, Via Franco Gallini n. 2, Aviano, 33081, Italy
| | - Delia Mandracchia
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, 25123, Italy
| | - Alberto Dinarello
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Via U. Bassi 58/B, Padova, 35131, Italy
| | - Natascia Tiso
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Via U. Bassi 58/B, Padova, 35131, Italy
| | - Francesco Argenton
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Via U. Bassi 58/B, Padova, 35131, Italy
| | - Katia Sayaf
- Department Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padova, Via Giustiniani 2, Padova, 35131, Italy
| | - Maria Guido
- Department of Medicine-DIMED, University of Padova, Padua, 35128, Italy
- Department of Pathology, Azienda ULSS2 Marca Trevigiana, Treviso, 31100, Italy
| | - Daniela Gabbia
- Department Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 5, Padova, 35131, Italy
| | - Sara De Martin
- Department Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 5, Padova, 35131, Italy
| | - Gianfranco Pasut
- Department Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 5, Padova, 35131, Italy
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Micheli L, Bertini L, Bonato A, Villanova N, Caruso C, Caruso M, Bernini R, Tirone F. Role of Hydroxytyrosol and Oleuropein in the Prevention of Aging and Related Disorders: Focus on Neurodegeneration, Skeletal Muscle Dysfunction and Gut Microbiota. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15071767. [PMID: 37049607 PMCID: PMC10096778 DOI: 10.3390/nu15071767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2023] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging is a multi-faceted process caused by the accumulation of cellular damage over time, associated with a gradual reduction of physiological activities in cells and organs. This degeneration results in a reduced ability to adapt to homeostasis perturbations and an increased incidence of illnesses such as cognitive decline, neurodegenerative and cardiovascular diseases, cancer, diabetes, and skeletal muscle pathologies. Key features of aging include a chronic low-grade inflammation state and a decrease of the autophagic process. The Mediterranean diet has been associated with longevity and ability to counteract the onset of age-related disorders. Extra virgin olive oil, a fundamental component of this diet, contains bioactive polyphenolic compounds as hydroxytyrosol (HTyr) and oleuropein (OLE), known for their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective properties. This review is focused on brain, skeletal muscle, and gut microbiota, as these systems are known to interact at several levels. After the description of the chemistry and pharmacokinetics of HTyr and OLE, we summarize studies reporting their effects in in vivo and in vitro models of neurodegenerative diseases of the central/peripheral nervous system, adult neurogenesis and depression, senescence and lifespan, and age-related skeletal muscle disorders, as well as their impact on the composition of the gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Micheli
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, National Research Council (IBBC-CNR), Via E. Ramarini 32, Monterotondo, 00015 Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Bertini
- Department of Ecological and Biological Sciences (DEB), University of Tuscia, Largo dell’Università, 01100 Viterbo, Italy
| | - Agnese Bonato
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, National Research Council (IBBC-CNR), Via E. Ramarini 32, Monterotondo, 00015 Rome, Italy
| | - Noemi Villanova
- Department of Agriculture and Forest Sciences (DAFNE), University of Tuscia, Via San Camillo de Lellis, 01100 Viterbo, Italy
| | - Carla Caruso
- Department of Ecological and Biological Sciences (DEB), University of Tuscia, Largo dell’Università, 01100 Viterbo, Italy
| | - Maurizia Caruso
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, National Research Council (IBBC-CNR), Via E. Ramarini 32, Monterotondo, 00015 Rome, Italy
| | - Roberta Bernini
- Department of Agriculture and Forest Sciences (DAFNE), University of Tuscia, Via San Camillo de Lellis, 01100 Viterbo, Italy
| | - Felice Tirone
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, National Research Council (IBBC-CNR), Via E. Ramarini 32, Monterotondo, 00015 Rome, Italy
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