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Kostic M, Zivkovic N, Cvetanovic A, Basic J, Stojanovic I. Dissecting the immune response of CD4 + T cells in Alzheimer's disease. Rev Neurosci 2024:revneuro-2024-0090. [PMID: 39238424 DOI: 10.1515/revneuro-2024-0090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2024] [Accepted: 08/18/2024] [Indexed: 09/07/2024]
Abstract
The formation of amyloid-β (Aβ) plaques is a neuropathological hallmark of Alzheimer's disease (AD), however, these pathological aggregates can also be found in the brains of cognitively unimpaired elderly population. In that context, individual variations in the Aβ-specific immune response could be key factors that determine the level of Aβ-induced neuroinflammation and thus the propensity to develop AD. CD4+ T cells are the cornerstone of the immune response that coordinate the effector functions of both adaptive and innate immunity. However, despite intensive research efforts, the precise role of these cells during AD pathogenesis is still not fully elucidated. Both pathogenic and beneficial effects have been observed in various animal models of AD, as well as in humans with AD. Although this functional duality of CD4+ T cells in AD can be simply attributed to the vast phenotype heterogeneity of this cell lineage, disease stage-specific effect have also been proposed. Therefore, in this review, we summarized the current understanding of the role of CD4+ T cells in the pathophysiology of AD, from the aspect of their antigen specificity, activation, and phenotype characteristics. Such knowledge is of practical importance as it paves the way for immunomodulation as a therapeutic option for AD treatment, given that currently available therapies have not yielded satisfactory results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milos Kostic
- Department of Immunology, Medical Faculty of Nis, University of Nis, Blvd. dr Zorana Djindjica 81, Nis, 18000, Serbia
| | - Nikola Zivkovic
- Department of Pathology, Medical Faculty of Nis, University of Nis, Blvd. dr Zorana Djindjica 81, Nis, 18000, Serbia
| | - Ana Cvetanovic
- Department of Oncology, Medical Faculty of Nis, University of Nis, Blvd. dr Zorana Djindjica 81, Nis, 18000, Serbia
| | - Jelena Basic
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical Faculty of Nis, University of Nis, Blvd. dr Zorana Djindjica 81, Nis, 18000, Serbia
| | - Ivana Stojanovic
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical Faculty of Nis, University of Nis, Blvd. dr Zorana Djindjica 81, Nis, 18000, Serbia
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2
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Haussmann AJ, McMahan ZH, Volkmann ER. Understanding the gastrointestinal microbiome in systemic sclerosis: methodological advancements and emerging research. Curr Opin Rheumatol 2024:00002281-990000000-00138. [PMID: 39189041 DOI: 10.1097/bor.0000000000001048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/28/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This review highlights the role of the gastrointestinal (GI) microbiome in systemic sclerosis (SSc). We describe techniques for evaluating the GI microbiome in humans, and emerging research linking GI microbiome alterations (i.e., dysbiosis) and distinct SSc clinical manifestations. We also address the evolving treatment landscape targeting dysbiosis in SSc. RECENT FINDINGS Recent literature brings into focus the complex relationship between the GI microbiome and SSc pathogenesis. Advanced techniques (e.g., shotgun metagenomics, meta-transcriptomics) provide deeper insights into microbial taxonomy and active gene expression, exposing dysbiosis as a potential driver of SSc. New studies demonstrate that SSc patients who possess specific SSc clinical features, (e.g., interstitial lung disease), have unique GI microbiome profiles. SUMMARY Dysbiosis is associated with specific clinical features in patients with SSc. New tools for studying the GI microbiome have furthered our understanding of the relationship between dysbiosis and SSc complications. Therapeutic avenues such as dietary adjustments, probiotics, antibiotics, mindfulness practices, and fecal transplants offer potential for managing SSc and preventing its progression through GI microbiome modulation. By clarifying what is known about the relationship between the GI dysbiosis, GI dysfunction, and SSc, this review enhances our understanding of SSc pathogenesis and proposes targeted interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alana J Haussmann
- Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, David Geffen School of Medicine
| | - Zsuzsanna H McMahan
- Department of Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Elizabeth R Volkmann
- Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, David Geffen School of Medicine
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3
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Wekema L, Schoenmakers S, Schenkelaars N, Laskewitz A, Huurman RH, Liu L, Walters L, Harmsen HJM, Steegers-Theunissen RPM, Faas MM. Diet-Induced Obesity in Mice Affects the Maternal Gut Microbiota and Immune Response in Mid-Pregnancy. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:9076. [PMID: 39201761 PMCID: PMC11354285 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25169076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2024] [Revised: 08/10/2024] [Accepted: 08/17/2024] [Indexed: 09/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Maternal obesity during pregnancy is associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes. This might be due to undesired obesity-induced changes in the maternal gut microbiota and related changes in the maternal immune adaptations during pregnancy. The current study examines how obesity affects gut microbiota and immunity in pregnant obese and lean mice during mid-pregnancy (gestational day 12 (GD12)). C57BL/6 mice were fed a high-fat diet or low-fat diet from 8 weeks before mating and during pregnancy. At GD12, we analyzed the gut microbiota composition in the feces and immune responses in the intestine (Peyer's patches, mesenteric lymph nodes) and the peripheral circulation (spleen and peripheral blood). Maternal obesity reduced beneficial bacteria (e.g., Bifidobacterium and Akkermansia) and changed intestinal and peripheral immune responses (e.g., dendritic cells, Th1/Th2/Th17/Treg axis, monocytes). Numerous correlations were found between obesity-associated bacterial genera and intestinal/peripheral immune anomalies. This study shows that maternal obesity impacts the abundance of specific bacterial gut genera as compared to lean mice and deranges maternal intestinal immune responses that subsequently change peripheral maternal immune responses in mid-pregnancy. Our findings underscore the opportunities for early intervention strategies targeting maternal obesity, ideally starting in the periconceptional period, to mitigate these obesity-related pregnancy effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lieske Wekema
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands; (A.L.); (R.H.H.)
| | - Sam Schoenmakers
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Erasmus Medical Center, Dr. Molewaterplein 40, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (S.S.); (N.S.); (R.P.M.S.-T.)
| | - Nicole Schenkelaars
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Erasmus Medical Center, Dr. Molewaterplein 40, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (S.S.); (N.S.); (R.P.M.S.-T.)
| | - Anne Laskewitz
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands; (A.L.); (R.H.H.)
| | - Romy H. Huurman
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands; (A.L.); (R.H.H.)
| | - Lei Liu
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands; (L.L.); (L.W.); (H.J.M.H.)
| | - Lisa Walters
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands; (L.L.); (L.W.); (H.J.M.H.)
| | - Hermie J. M. Harmsen
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands; (L.L.); (L.W.); (H.J.M.H.)
| | - Régine P. M. Steegers-Theunissen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Erasmus Medical Center, Dr. Molewaterplein 40, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (S.S.); (N.S.); (R.P.M.S.-T.)
| | - Marijke M. Faas
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands; (A.L.); (R.H.H.)
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
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Gómez García AM, López Muñoz F, García-Rico E. The Microbiota in Cancer: A Secondary Player or a Protagonist? Curr Issues Mol Biol 2024; 46:7812-7831. [PMID: 39194680 DOI: 10.3390/cimb46080463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2024] [Revised: 07/11/2024] [Accepted: 07/18/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024] Open
Abstract
The intestinal microbiota and the human body are in a permanent interaction. There is a symbiotic relationship in which the microbiota plays a vitally important role in the performance of numerous functions, including digestion, metabolism, the development of lymphoid tissue, defensive functions, and other processes. It is a true metabolic organ essential for life and has potential involvement in various pathological states, including cancer and pathologies other than those of a digestive nature. A growing topic of great interest for its implications is the relationship between the microbiota and cancer. Dysbiosis plays a role in oncogenesis, tumor progression, and even the response to cancer treatment. The effect of the microbiota on tumor development goes beyond a local effect having a systemic effect. Another aspect of great interest regarding the intestinal microbiota is its relationship with drugs, modifying their activity. There is increasing evidence that the microbiota influences the therapeutic activity and side effects of antineoplastic drugs and also modulates the response of several tumors to antineoplastic therapy through immunological circuits. These data suggest the manipulation of the microbiota as a possible adjuvant to improve oncological treatment. Is it possible to manipulate the microbiota for therapeutic purposes?
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana María Gómez García
- Internal Medicine Unit, Hospital Universitario HM Madrid, 28015 Madrid, Spain
- Facultad HM de Ciencias de la Salud de la Universidad Camilo José Cela, 28692 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria HM Hospitales, 28015 Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco López Muñoz
- Facultad HM de Ciencias de la Salud de la Universidad Camilo José Cela, 28692 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria HM Hospitales, 28015 Madrid, Spain
| | - Eduardo García-Rico
- Facultad HM de Ciencias de la Salud de la Universidad Camilo José Cela, 28692 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria HM Hospitales, 28015 Madrid, Spain
- Medical Oncology Unit, Hospital Universitario HM Torrelodones, 28250 Torrelodones, Spain
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5
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Morys J, Małecki A, Nowacka-Chmielewska M. Stress and the gut-brain axis: an inflammatory perspective. Front Mol Neurosci 2024; 17:1415567. [PMID: 39092201 PMCID: PMC11292226 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2024.1415567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024] Open
Abstract
The gut-brain axis (GBA) plays a dominant role in maintaining homeostasis as well as contributes to mental health maintenance. The pathways that underpin the axis expand from macroscopic interactions with the nervous system, to the molecular signals that include microbial metabolites, tight junction protein expression, or cytokines released during inflammation. The dysfunctional GBA has been repeatedly linked to the occurrence of anxiety- and depressive-like behaviors development. The importance of the inflammatory aspects of the altered GBA has recently been highlighted in the literature. Here we summarize current reports on GBA signaling which involves the immune response within the intestinal and blood-brain barrier (BBB). We also emphasize the effect of stress response on altering barriers' permeability, and the therapeutic potential of microbiota restoration by probiotic administration or microbiota transplantation, based on the latest animal studies. Most research performed on various stress models showed an association between anxiety- and depressive-like behaviors, dysbiosis of gut microbiota, and disruption of intestinal permeability with simultaneous changes in BBB integrity. It could be postulated that under stress conditions impaired communication across BBB may therefore represent a significant mechanism allowing the gut microbiota to affect brain functions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Marta Nowacka-Chmielewska
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Institute of Physiotherapy and Health Sciences, Academy of Physical Education, Katowice, Poland
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Wekema L, Schoenmakers S, Schenkelaars N, Laskewitz A, Liu L, Walters L, Harmsen HJM, Steegers-Theunissen RPM, Faas MM. Obesity and diet independently affect maternal immunity, maternal gut microbiota and pregnancy outcome in mice. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1376583. [PMID: 39072322 PMCID: PMC11272480 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1376583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Maternal obesity poses risks for both mother and offspring during pregnancy, with underlying mechanisms remaining largely unexplored. Obesity is associated with microbial gut dysbiosis and low-grade inflammation, and also the diet has a major impact on these parameters. This study aimed to investigate how maternal obesity and diet contribute to changes in immune responses, exploring potential associations with gut microbiota dysbiosis and adverse pregnancy outcomes in mice. Methods Before mating, C57BL/6 mice were assigned to either a high-fat-diet (HFD) or low-fat-diet (LFD) to obtain obese (n=17) and lean (n=10) mice. To distinguish between the effects of obesity and diet, 7 obese mice were switched from the HFD to the LFD from day 7 until day 18 of pregnancy ("switch group"), which was the endpoint of the study. T helper (Th) cell subsets were studied in the spleen, mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN) and Peyer's patches (PP), while monocyte subsets and activation status were determined in maternal blood (flow cytometry). Feces were collected before and during pregnancy (day 7,14,18) for microbiota analysis (16S rRNA sequencing). Pregnancy outcome included determination of fetal and placental weight. Results Obesity increased splenic Th1 and regulatory T cells, MLN Th1 and PP Th17 cells and enhanced IFN-γ and IL-17A production by splenic Th cells upon ex vivo stimulation. Switching diet decreased splenic and PP Th2 cells and classical monocytes, increased intermediate monocytes and activation of intermediate/nonclassical monocytes. Obesity and diet independently induced changes in the gut microbiota. Various bacterial genera were increased or decreased by obesity or the diet switch. These changes correlated with the immunological changes. Fetal weight was lower in the obese than the lean group, while placental weight was lower in the switch than the obese group. Discussion This study demonstrates that obesity and diet independently impact peripheral and intestinal immune responses at the end of pregnancy. Simultaneously, both factors affect specific bacterial gut genera and lead to reduced fetal or placental weight. Our data suggest that switching diet during pregnancy to improve maternal health is not advisable and it supports pre/probiotic treatment of maternal obesity-induced gut dysbiosis to improve maternal immune responses and pregnancy outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lieske Wekema
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Sam Schoenmakers
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Nicole Schenkelaars
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Anne Laskewitz
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Lei Liu
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Lisa Walters
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Hermie J. M. Harmsen
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | | | - Marijke M. Faas
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
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7
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Li Z, Xiong W, Liang Z, Wang J, Zeng Z, Kołat D, Li X, Zhou D, Xu X, Zhao L. Critical role of the gut microbiota in immune responses and cancer immunotherapy. J Hematol Oncol 2024; 17:33. [PMID: 38745196 PMCID: PMC11094969 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-024-01541-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota plays a critical role in the progression of human diseases, especially cancer. In recent decades, there has been accumulating evidence of the connections between the gut microbiota and cancer immunotherapy. Therefore, understanding the functional role of the gut microbiota in regulating immune responses to cancer immunotherapy is crucial for developing precision medicine. In this review, we extract insights from state-of-the-art research to decipher the complicated crosstalk among the gut microbiota, the systemic immune system, and immunotherapy in the context of cancer. Additionally, as the gut microbiota can account for immune-related adverse events, we discuss potential interventions to minimize these adverse effects and discuss the clinical application of five microbiota-targeted strategies that precisely increase the efficacy of cancer immunotherapy. Finally, as the gut microbiota holds promising potential as a target for precision cancer immunotherapeutics, we summarize current challenges and provide a general outlook on future directions in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zehua Li
- Department of Plastic and Burn Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS), CAMS Oxford Institute (COI), Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, England
| | - Weixi Xiong
- Department of Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Institute of Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Technology of West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhu Liang
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS), CAMS Oxford Institute (COI), Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, England
- Target Discovery Institute, Center for Medicines Discovery, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, England
| | - Jinyu Wang
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, West China Second University Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ziyi Zeng
- Department of Neonatology, West China Second University Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Damian Kołat
- Department of Functional Genomics, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
- Department of Biomedicine and Experimental Surgery, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Xi Li
- Department of Urology, Churchill Hospital, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation, Oxford, UK
| | - Dong Zhou
- Department of Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Institute of Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Technology of West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xuewen Xu
- Department of Plastic and Burn Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Linyong Zhao
- Department of General Surgery and Gastric Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
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Yang Q, Zaongo SD, Zhu L, Yan J, Yang J, Ouyang J. The Potential of Clostridium butyricum to Preserve Gut Health, and to Mitigate Non-AIDS Comorbidities in People Living with HIV. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2024:10.1007/s12602-024-10227-1. [PMID: 38336953 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-024-10227-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
A dramatic reduction in mortality among people living with HIV (PLWH) has been achieved during the modern antiretroviral therapy (ART) era. However, ART does not restore gut barrier function even after long-term viral suppression, allowing microbial products to enter the systemic blood circulation and induce chronic immune activation. In PLWH, a chronic state of systemic inflammation exists and persists, which increases the risk of development of inflammation-associated non-AIDS comorbidities such as metabolic disorders, cardiovascular diseases, and cancer. Clostridium butyricum is a human butyrate-producing symbiont present in the gut microbiome. Convergent evidence has demonstrated favorable effects of C. butyricum for gastrointestinal health, including maintenance of the structural and functional integrity of the gut barrier, inhibition of pathogenic bacteria within the intestine, and reduction of microbial translocation. Moreover, C. butyricum supplementation has been observed to have a positive effect on various inflammation-related diseases such as diabetes, ulcerative colitis, and cancer, which are also recognized as non-AIDS comorbidities associated with epithelial gut damage. There is currently scant published research in the literature, focusing on the influence of C. butyricum in the gut of PLWH. In this hypothesis review, we speculate the use of C. butyricum as a probiotic oral supplementation may well emerge as a potential future synergistic adjunctive strategy in PLWH, in tandem with ART, to restore and consolidate intestinal barrier integrity, repair the leaky gut, prevent microbial translocation from the gut, and reduce both gut and systemic inflammation, with the ultimate objective of decreasing the risk for development of non-AIDS comorbidities in PLWH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiyu Yang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital & Chongqing Cancer Institute & Chongqing Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Silvere D Zaongo
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Chongqing Public Health Medical Center, Chongqing, China
- Clinical Research Center, Chongqing Public Health Medical Center, Chongqing, China
| | - Lijiao Zhu
- Clinical Research Center, Chongqing Public Health Medical Center, Chongqing, China
| | - Jiangyu Yan
- Clinical Research Center, Chongqing Public Health Medical Center, Chongqing, China
| | - Jiadan Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
| | - Jing Ouyang
- Clinical Research Center, Chongqing Public Health Medical Center, Chongqing, China.
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Cui H, Wang N, Li H, Bian Y, Wen W, Kong X, Wang F. The dynamic shifts of IL-10-producing Th17 and IL-17-producing Treg in health and disease: a crosstalk between ancient "Yin-Yang" theory and modern immunology. Cell Commun Signal 2024; 22:99. [PMID: 38317142 PMCID: PMC10845554 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-024-01505-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
The changes in T regulatory cell (Treg) and T helper cell (Th) 17 ratios holds paramount importance in ensuring internal homeostasis and disease progression. Recently, novel subsets of Treg and Th17, namely IL-17-producing Treg and IL-10-producing Th17 have been identified. IL-17-producing Treg and IL-10-producing Th17 are widely considered as the intermediates during Treg/Th17 transformation. These "bi-functional" cells exhibit plasticity and have been demonstrated with important roles in multiple physiological functions and disease processes. Yin and Yang represent opposing aspects of phenomena according to the ancient Chinese philosophy "Yin-Yang" theory. Furthermore, Yin can transform into Yang, and vice versa, under specific conditions. This theory has been widely used to describe the contrasting functions of immune cells and molecules. Therefore, immune-activating populations (Th17, M1 macrophage, etc.) and immune overreaction (inflammation, autoimmunity) can be considered Yang, while immunosuppressive populations (Treg, M2 macrophage, etc.) and immunosuppression (tumor, immunodeficiency) can be considered Yin. However, another important connotation of "Yin-Yang" theory, the conversion between Yin and Yang, has been rarely documented in immune studies. The discovery of IL-17-producing Treg and IL-10-producing Th17 enriches the meaning of "Yin-Yang" theory and further promotes the relationship between ancient "Yin-Yang" theory and modern immunology. Besides, illustrating the functions of IL-17-producing Treg and IL-10-producing Th17 and mechanisms governing their differentiation provides valuable insights into the mechanisms underlying the dynamically changing statement of immune statement in health and diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huantian Cui
- First School of Clinical Medicine, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Ning Wang
- First School of Clinical Medicine, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Hanzhou Li
- College of Integrative Chinese and Western Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Yuhong Bian
- College of Integrative Chinese and Western Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China.
| | - Weibo Wen
- First School of Clinical Medicine, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, 650500, China.
| | - Xiangying Kong
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China.
| | - Fudi Wang
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Translational Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Public Health, Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
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10
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Baindara P. Targeting interleukin-17 in radiation-induced toxicity and cancer progression. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2024; 75:31-39. [PMID: 38242827 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2024.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
Recent strategies to combine chemoradiation with immunotherapy to treat locally advanced lung cancer have improved five-year survival outcomes. However, collateral toxicity to healthy lungs, esophagus, cardiac, and vascular tissue continues to limit the effectiveness of curative-intent thoracic radiation (tRT). It is necessary to gain a deeper comprehension of the fundamental mechanisms underlying inflammation-mediated radiation-induced damage to normal cells. Several cells have been linked in published studies to the release of cytokines and chemokines after radiation therapy. Several inflammatory mediators, such as IL-1, IL-6, TNF-α, and TGF-β, also cause the production of Interleukin-17 (IL-17), a cytokine that is essential for maintaining immunological homeostasis and plays a role in the toxicity caused by radiation therapy. However, currently, the role of IL-17 in RT-induced toxicity in conjunction with cancer progression remains poorly understood. This review provides an overview of the most recent data from the literature implicating IL-17 in radiation-mediated tissue injuries and the efficacy of tRT in lung cancer, as well as its potential as a therapeutic target for interventions to reduce the side effects of tRT with curative intent and to boost an anti-tumor immune response to improve treatment outcomes. IL-17 may also act as a biomarker for predicting the effectiveness of a given treatment as well as the toxicity caused by tRT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piyush Baindara
- Radiation Oncology, School of Medicine, NextGen Precision Health, University of Missouri, Columbia 65211, United States.
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11
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Kiriyama Y, Nochi H. The Role of Gut Microbiota-Derived Lithocholic Acid, Deoxycholic Acid and Their Derivatives on the Function and Differentiation of Immune Cells. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2730. [PMID: 38004742 PMCID: PMC10672800 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11112730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
A wide variety and large number of bacterial species live in the gut, forming the gut microbiota. Gut microbiota not only coexist harmoniously with their hosts, but they also induce significant effects on each other. The composition of the gut microbiota can be changed due to environmental factors such as diet and antibiotic intake. In contrast, alterations in the composition of the gut microbiota have been reported in a variety of diseases, including intestinal, allergic, and autoimmune diseases and cancer. The gut microbiota metabolize exogenous dietary components ingested from outside the body to produce short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and amino acid metabolites. Unlike SCFAs and amino acid metabolites, the source of bile acids (BAs) produced by the gut microbiota is endogenous BAs from the liver. The gut microbiota metabolize BAs to generate secondary bile acids, such as lithocholic acid (LCA), deoxycholic acid (DCA), and their derivatives, which have recently been shown to play important roles in immune cells. This review focuses on current knowledge of the role of LCA, DCA, and their derivatives on immune cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshimitsu Kiriyama
- Kagawa School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, Sanuki 769-2193, Japan;
- Institute of Neuroscience, Tokushima Bunri University, Sanuki 769-2193, Japan
| | - Hiromi Nochi
- Kagawa School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, Sanuki 769-2193, Japan;
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Abstract
Cardiometabolic disease comprises cardiovascular and metabolic dysfunction and underlies the leading causes of morbidity and mortality, both within the United States and worldwide. Commensal microbiota are implicated in the development of cardiometabolic disease. Evidence suggests that the microbiome is relatively variable during infancy and early childhood, becoming more fixed in later childhood and adulthood. Effects of microbiota, both during early development, and in later life, may induce changes in host metabolism that modulate risk mechanisms and predispose toward the development of cardiometabolic disease. In this review, we summarize the factors that influence gut microbiome composition and function during early life and explore how changes in microbiota and microbial metabolism influence host metabolism and cardiometabolic risk throughout life. We highlight limitations in current methodology and approaches and outline state-of-the-art advances, which are improving research and building toward refined diagnosis and treatment options in microbiome-targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Curtis L Gabriel
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition (C.L.G.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville
- Tennessee Center for AIDS Research (C.L.G.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville
| | - Jane F Ferguson
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (J.F.F.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville
- Vanderbilt Microbiome Innovation Center (J.F.F.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville
- Vanderbilt Institute for Infection, Immunology, and Inflammation (J.F.F.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville
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