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Liang Y. Mechanisms of sorafenib resistance in hepatocellular carcinoma. Clin Res Hepatol Gastroenterol 2024; 48:102434. [PMID: 39084553 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinre.2024.102434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2024] [Revised: 07/21/2024] [Accepted: 07/28/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024]
Abstract
Liver cancer is one of the most common and devastating causes of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) accounts for approximately 90% of primary liver cancers and represents a significant global health issue. There is currently no effective systemic treatment for patients with advanced liver cancer. One study suggests that sorafenib may be effective against hepatocellular carcinoma. Sorafenib can significantly extend the median survival time of patients, but only by 3-5 months. Furthermore, it is linked to severe adverse side effects and frequently leads to drug resistance. In this review, we offer a critical analysis of the factors contributing to sorafenib resistance in HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanjing Liang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, 300072, Tianjin, PR China.
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de Melo Silva AJ, de Melo Gama JE, de Oliveira SA. The Role of Bcl-2 Family Proteins and Sorafenib Resistance in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Int J Cell Biol 2024; 2024:4972523. [PMID: 39188653 PMCID: PMC11347034 DOI: 10.1155/2024/4972523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2024] [Revised: 07/10/2024] [Accepted: 08/02/2024] [Indexed: 08/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Liver cancer has been reported to be one of the most malignant diseases in the world. It is late diagnosis consequently leads to a difficult treatment, as the cancer reached an advanced stage. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the primary type of cancer diagnosed in the liver, with deadly characteristics and a poor prognosis. The first-in-line treatment for advanced HCC is sorafenib. Sorafenib acts by inhibiting cell proliferation and by inducing apoptosis as well as blocks receptors associated with these mechanisms. Due to its constant use, sorafenib resistance has been described, especially to proteins of the Bcl-2 family, and their overexpression of Bcl-XL and Mcl-1. This review focuses on the role of the Bcl-2 proteins in relation to sorafenib resistance as a consequence of first-in-line treatment in HCC.
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Hu X, Zhang P, Li S, Zhang J, Wang D, Wang Z, Zhu L, Wang L. Mitochondrial GCN5L1 acts as a novel regulator for iron homeostasis to promote sorafenib sensitivity in hepatocellular carcinoma. J Transl Med 2024; 22:593. [PMID: 38918793 PMCID: PMC11201091 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-024-05404-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sorafenib resistance is becoming increasingly common and disadvantageous for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) treatment. Ferroptosis is an iron dependent programmed cell death underlying the mechanism of sorafenib. Iron is crucial for synthesis of cofactors essential to mitochondrial enzymes and necessary for HCC proliferation, while mitochondrial iron overload and oxidative stress are associated with sorafenib induced ferroptosis. However, the crosstalk among iron homeostasis and sorafenib resistance is unclear. METHODS We conducted bioinformatics analysis of sorafenib treated HCC datasets to analyze GCN5L1 and iron related gene expression with sorafenib resistance. GCN5L1 deleted HCC cell lines were generated by CRISPR technology. Sorafenib resistant HCC cell line was established to validate dataset analysis and evaluate the effect of potential target. RESULTS We identified GCN5L1, a regulator of mitochondrial acetylation, as a modulator in sorafenib-induced ferroptosis via affecting mitochondrial iron homeostasis. GCN5L1 deficiency significantly increased sorafenib sensitivity in HCC cells by down-regulating mitochondrial iron transporters CISD1 expression to induce iron accumulation. Mitochondrial iron accumulation leads to an acceleration in cellular and lipid ROS. Sorafenib resistance is related to CISD1 overexpression to release mitochondrial iron and maintaining mitochondrial homeostasis. We combined CISD1 inhibitor NL-1 with sorafenib, which significantly enhanced sorafenib-induced ferroptosis by promoting mitochondrial iron accumulation and lipid peroxidation. The combination of NL-1 with sorafenib enhanced sorafenib efficacy in vitro and in vivo. CONCLUSIONS Our findings demonstrate that GCN5L1/CISD1 axis is crucial for sorafenib resistance and would be a potential therapeutic strategy for sorafenib resistant HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuya Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Inflammatory Biology, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Main Bldg., R1306 22 Qixiangtai Rd, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Peiyu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Inflammatory Biology, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Main Bldg., R1306 22 Qixiangtai Rd, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Sai Li
- The Province and Ministry co-sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics, NHC Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development, Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital and Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jiaqi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Inflammatory Biology, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Main Bldg., R1306 22 Qixiangtai Rd, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Danni Wang
- The Province and Ministry co-sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics, NHC Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development, Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital and Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Zihan Wang
- The Province and Ministry co-sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics, NHC Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development, Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital and Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Lu Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Inflammatory Biology, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Main Bldg., R1306 22 Qixiangtai Rd, Tianjin, 300070, China.
- The Province and Ministry co-sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics, NHC Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development, Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital and Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China.
| | - Lingdi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Inflammatory Biology, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Main Bldg., R1306 22 Qixiangtai Rd, Tianjin, 300070, China.
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Luan M, Feng Z, Zhu W, Xing Y, Ma X, Zhu J, Wang Y, Jia Y. Mechanism of metal ion-induced cell death in gastrointestinal cancer. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 174:116574. [PMID: 38593706 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Gastrointestinal (GI) cancer is one of the most severe types of cancer, with a significant impact on human health worldwide. Due to the urgent demand for more effective therapeutic strategies against GI cancers, novel research on metal ions for treating GI cancers has attracted increasing attention. Currently, with accumulating research on the relationship between metal ions and cancer therapy, several metal ions have been discovered to induce cell death. In particular, the three novel modes of cell death, including ferroptosis, cuproptosis, and calcicoptosis, have become focal points of research in the field of cancer. Meanwhile, other metal ions have also been found to trigger cell death through various mechanisms. Accordingly, this review focuses on the mechanisms of metal ion-induced cell death in GI cancers, hoping to provide theoretical support for further GI cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhua Luan
- Research Center of Basic Medicine, Jinan Central Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan 250013, People's Republic of China; Research Center of Basic Medicine, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan 250013, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhaotian Feng
- Research Center of Basic Medicine, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan 250013, People's Republic of China; Department of Medical Laboratory, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenshuai Zhu
- Research Center of Basic Medicine, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan 250013, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanxin Xing
- Research Center of Basic Medicine, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan 250013, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoli Ma
- Research Center of Basic Medicine, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan 250013, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingyu Zhu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan 250013, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunshan Wang
- Research Center of Basic Medicine, Jinan Central Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan 250013, People's Republic of China; Research Center of Basic Medicine, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan 250013, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanfei Jia
- Research Center of Basic Medicine, Jinan Central Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan 250013, People's Republic of China; Research Center of Basic Medicine, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan 250013, People's Republic of China; Department of Medical Laboratory, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, People's Republic of China.
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Abdel-Wahab ND, Kabil MF, El-Sherbiny IM, Salama MF, El-Sayed G, El-Sherbini ES. Potential anticancer effect of free and nanoformulated Deferasirox for breast cancer treatment: in-vitro and in-vivo evaluation. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2024; 50:223-235. [PMID: 38305197 DOI: 10.1080/03639045.2024.2314189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breast cancer (BC) stands as the second-leading cause of mortality among women worldwide. Many chemotherapeutic treatments for BC come with significant adverse effects. Additionally, BC is recognized as one of the most resistant forms of malignancy to treatment. Consequently, there exists a critical need for innovative therapeutic agents that are both highly effective and exhibit reduced toxicity and side effects for patients. Deferasirox (DFX), an iron-chelating drug approved by the FDA for oral use, emerges as a promising contender in the fight against BC proliferation. DFX, primarily administered orally, is utilized to address chronic iron excess resulting from blood transfusions, and it is the inaugural treatment for chronic iron overload syndrome. However, DFX encounters limitations due to its poor water solubility. AIM This study aimed at incorporating DFX into lipid nanocapsules (DFX-LNCs) followed by investigating the anticancer effect of the DFX nanoform as compared to free DFX in-vitro and on an orthotopic BC mouse model in-vivo. METHODS The DFX-LNCs was prepared and imaged using TEM and also characterized in terms of particle size (PS), zeta potential (ZP), and polydispersity index (PDI) using DLS. Moreover, drug release, cytotoxicity, and anticancer effect were assessed in-vitro, and in-vivo. RESULTS The results revealed that DFX-LNCs are more cytotoxic than free DFX with IC50 of 4.417 µg/ml and 16.114 µg/ml, respectively, while the plain LNCs didn't show any cytotoxic effect on the 4T1 cell line (IC50 = 122.797 µg/ml). Besides, the apoptotic effect of DFX-LNCs was more pronounced than that of free DFX, as evidenced by Annexin V/PI staining, increased BAX expression, and decreased expression of BcL-2. Moreover, DFX-LNCs showed a superior antitumor effect in-vivo with potent antioxidant and anti-proliferative effects. CONCLUSION The newly developed DFX nanoform demonstrated a high potential as a promising therapeutic agent for BC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadeen Diaa Abdel-Wahab
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Fawzi Kabil
- Nanomedicine Research Labs, Center for Materials Science, Zewail City of Science and Technology, Giza, Egypt
| | - Ibrahim M El-Sherbiny
- Nanomedicine Research Labs, Center for Materials Science, Zewail City of Science and Technology, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mohamed F Salama
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Egypt
| | - Gehad El-Sayed
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Egypt
| | - El-Said El-Sherbini
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Egypt
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Wang Y, Yang W, Liu L, Liu L, Chen J, Duan L, Li Y, Li S. Vitamin K2 (MK-7) attenuates LPS-induced acute lung injury via inhibiting inflammation, apoptosis, and ferroptosis. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0294763. [PMID: 38011192 PMCID: PMC10681318 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0294763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute lung injury (ALI) is a life-threatening disease that has received considerable critical attention in the field of intensive care. This study aimed to explore the role and mechanism of vitamin K2 (VK2) in ALI. Intraperitoneal injection of 7 mg/kg LPS was used to induce ALI in mice, and VK2 injection was intragastrically administered with the dose of 0.2 and 15 mg/kg. We found that VK2 improved the pulmonary pathology, reduced myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity and levels of TNF-α and IL-6, and boosted the level of IL-10 of mice with ALI. Moreover, VK2 played a significant part in apoptosis by downregulating and upregulating Caspase-3 and Bcl-2 expressions, respectively. As for further mechanism exploration, we found that VK2 inhibited P38 MAPK signaling. Our results also showed that VK2 inhibited ferroptosis, which manifested by reducing malondialdehyde (MDA) and iron levels, increasing glutathione (GSH) level, and upregulated and downregulated glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) expressions, respectively. In addition, VK2 also inhibited elastin degradation by reducing levels of uncarboxylated matrix Gla protein (uc-MGP) and desmosine (DES). Overall, VK2 robustly alleviated ALI by inhibiting LPS-induced inflammation, apoptosis, ferroptosis, and elastin degradation, making it a potential novel therapeutic candidate for ALI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulian Wang
- College of Basic Medical Science, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Weidong Yang
- College of Basic Medical Science, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Lulu Liu
- College of Basic Medical Science, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Lihong Liu
- College of Basic Medical Science, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | | | - Lili Duan
- Sungen Bioscience Co., Ltd., Guangdong, China
| | - Yuyuan Li
- Advanced Institute for Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Shuzhuang Li
- College of Basic Medical Science, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
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