1
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Sanwald S, Montag C, Kiefer M. Cumulative Genetic Score of DRD2 Polymorphisms Is Associated with Impulsivity and Masked Semantic Priming. J Mol Neurosci 2022; 72:1682-1694. [PMID: 35635675 PMCID: PMC9374629 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-022-02019-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Individual differences in the magnitude of semantic priming effects are associated with executive functions (EF). Striatal dopamine has been shown to be associated with EF as well as impulsivity and could therefore be associated with differences in the magnitude of semantic priming. We investigated n = 155 individuals in an unmasked as well as in a masked semantic priming paradigm. We additionally assessed self-reported impulsivity and a cumulative genetic score (CGS) comprising six polymorphisms that have been found to be functionally relevant for the expression of the DRD2 gene. We found a significantly negative association between the DRD2 CGS and reaction time priming in the masked semantic priming paradigm. In addition, the DRD2 CGS was positively associated with self-reported impulsivity. Our findings complement previous research by showing a role of the DRD2 gene for masked semantic priming. Therefore, the investigation of genes within the dopamine system might improve our understanding of the genetic basis of impulsivity and semantic processing. Thus, the DRD2 CGS is of interest for clinical as well as experimental psychological research.
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Tiedt HO, Ehlen F, Klostermann F. Dopamine-Related Reduction of Semantic Spreading Activation in Patients With Parkinson's Disease. Front Hum Neurosci 2022; 16:837122. [PMID: 35431839 PMCID: PMC9008217 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2022.837122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Impaired performance in verbal fluency (VF) tasks is a frequent observation in Parkinson's disease (PD). As to the nature of the underlying cognitive deficit, it is commonly attributed to a frontal-type dysexecutive syndrome due to nigrostriatal dopamine depletion. Whereas dopaminergic medication typically improves VF performance in PD, e.g., by ameliorating impaired lexical switching, its effect on semantic network activation is unclear. Data from priming studies suggest that dopamine causes a faster decay of semantic activation spread. The aim of the current study was to examine the impact of dopaminergic medication on the dynamic change of word frequency during VF performance as a measure of semantic spreading activation. To this end, we performed a median split analysis of word frequency during phonemic and semantic VF task performance in a PD group tested while receiving dopaminergic medication (ON) as well as after drug withdrawal (i.e., OFF), and in a sample of age-matched healthy volunteers (both groups n = 26). Dopaminergic medication in the PD group significantly affected phonemic VF with improved word production as well as increased error-rates. The expected decrease of word frequency during VF task performance was significantly smaller in the PD group ON medication than in healthy volunteers across semantic and phonemic VF. No significant group-difference emerged between controls and the PD group in the OFF condition. The comparison between both treatment conditions within the PD group did not reach statistical significance. The observed pattern of results indicates a faster decay of semantic network activation during lexical access in PD patients on dopaminergic medication. In view of improved word generation, this finding is consistent with a concept of more focused neural activity by an increased signal-to-noise ratio due to dopaminergic neuromodulation. However, the effect of dopaminergic stimulation on VF output suggests a trade-off between these beneficial effects and increased error-rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannes Ole Tiedt
- Department of Neurology, Motor and Cognition Group, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universitätzu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Felicitas Ehlen
- Department of Neurology, Motor and Cognition Group, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universitätzu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry, Jüdisches Krankenhaus Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Fabian Klostermann
- Department of Neurology, Motor and Cognition Group, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universitätzu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin School of Mind and Brain, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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3
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Almeida VN, Radanovic M. Semantic priming and neurobiology in schizophrenia: A theoretical review. Neuropsychologia 2021; 163:108058. [PMID: 34655651 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2021.108058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
In this theoretical review we bridge the cognitive and neurobiological sciences to shed light on the neurocognitive foundations of the semantic priming effect in schizophrenia. We review and theoretically evaluate the neurotransmitter systems (dopaminergic, GABAergic and glutamatergic) and neurobiological underpinnings of behavioural and electrophysiological (N400) semantic priming in the pathology, and the main hypotheses on their geneses: a disinhibition of the semantic spread of activation, a disorganised semantic storage or noisy lexical-semantic associations, a psychomotor artefact, an artefact of relatedness proportions, or an inability to mobilise contextual information. We further assess the literature on the endophenotype of Formal Thought Disorder from multiple standpoints, ranging from neurophysiology to cognition: considerations are weaved on neuronal (PV basket cell, SST, VIP) and receptor deficits (DRD1, NMDA), neurotransmitter imbalances (dopamine), cortical and dopaminergic lateralisation, inter alia. In conclusion, we put forth novel postulates on the underlying causes of controlled hypopriming, automatic hyperpriming, N400 reversals (larger amplitudes for close associations), indirect versus direct hyperpriming, and the endophenotype of lexical-semantic disturbances in schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor N Almeida
- Faculdade de Letras, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Av. Pres. Antônio Carlos, 6627 - Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31270-901, Brazil.
| | - Marcia Radanovic
- Laboratório de Neurociências (LIM-27), Faculdade de Medicina, Departamento e Instituto de Psiquiatria, Hospital das Clínicas HCFMUSP, Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil
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4
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The influence of contextual constraint on verbal selection mechanisms and its neural correlates in Parkinson's disease. Brain Imaging Behav 2021; 15:865-881. [PMID: 32754891 DOI: 10.1007/s11682-020-00296-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
A small number of studies have described verbal selection deficits in Parkinson's disease (PD) when selection must occur among competing alternatives. However, these studies have largely focused on single-word processing, or have utilised sentence stems that carry high contextual constraint, thus reducing selection demands. The present study aimed to determine the influence of variable contextual constraint on the selection of a verbal response in PD. This was achieved using an adaption of the Hayling Sentence Completion Task whereby PD participants and matched controls were required to provide a single word to complete a cloze probability sentence stem that carried a low, medium, or high degree of contextual constraint. Results revealed no main effect of group in terms of response time or accuracy, though a group-by-condition interaction in accuracy was noted. This was characterised by a significant difference in accuracy between low and medium levels of constraint for control participants, but no significant difference for the PD group. Functional MRI data revealed marked between-group differences in underlying neural activity. The control group showed increased recruitment of the dorsal striatum and the vlPFC under conditions that placed greater demands upon selection (i.e. low and medium constraint), and greater activity overall in the left dlPFC and right vlPFC. However, in the PD group, behavioural performance appeared to be maintained despite underlying decreases in frontostriatal activity, suggesting other compensatory mechanisms that may include changes in functional connectivity or an over-medication effect in frontal networks in response to loss of signalling in cortico-subcortical pathways.
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Wagner D, Eslinger PJ, Sterling NW, Du G, Lee EY, Styner M, Lewis MM, Huang X. Lexical-semantic search related to side of onset and putamen volume in Parkinson's disease. BRAIN AND LANGUAGE 2020; 209:104841. [PMID: 32818719 PMCID: PMC8189666 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandl.2020.104841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized by dopaminergic cell loss and reduced striatal volume. Prior studies have demonstrated striatal involvement in access to lexical-semantic knowledge and damage to this structure may be evident in the lexical properties of responses. Semantic fluency task responses from early stage, non-demented PD participants with right (PD-R) or left (PD-L) lateralizing symptoms were compared to matched controls on lexical properties (word frequency, age of acquisition) and correlated with striatal volumes segmented from T1-weighted brain MR images. PD-R participants produced semantic fluency responses of a lower age of acquisition than PD-L and control participants (p < 0.05). PD-R age of acquisition responses correlated positively with putamen volume (p < 0.05), while age of acquisition of responses correlated negatively with caudate volume in controls (p < 0.05). Findings provide evidence for a role of the striatum in lexical-semantic access and qualitative changes in lexical access in select PD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daymond Wagner
- Departments of Neurology, Pennsylvania State University-Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA 17033, United States.
| | - Paul J Eslinger
- Departments of Neurology, Pennsylvania State University-Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA 17033, United States; Departments of Neural and Behavioral Sciences, Pennsylvania State University-Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA 17033, United States; Departments of Radiology, Pennsylvania State University-Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA 17033, United States.
| | - Nicholas W Sterling
- Departments of Neurology, Pennsylvania State University-Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA 17033, United States.
| | - Guangwei Du
- Departments of Neurology, Pennsylvania State University-Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA 17033, United States.
| | - Eun-Young Lee
- Departments of Neurology, Pennsylvania State University-Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA 17033, United States.
| | - Martin Styner
- Departments of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States; Departments of Computer Science, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States.
| | - Mechelle M Lewis
- Departments of Neurology, Pennsylvania State University-Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA 17033, United States; Departments of Pharmacology, Pennsylvania State University-Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA 17033, United States.
| | - Xuemei Huang
- Departments of Neurology, Pennsylvania State University-Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA 17033, United States; Departments of Pharmacology, Pennsylvania State University-Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA 17033, United States; Departments of Neurosurgery, Pennsylvania State University-Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA 17033, United States; Departments of Kinesiology, Pennsylvania State University-Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA 17033, United States.
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Tiedt HO, Ehlen F, Klostermann F. Increased conceptual switching by dopaminergic treatment in patients with Parkinson's disease. Brain Cogn 2020; 144:105611. [PMID: 32858496 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandc.2020.105611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Cognitive changes including reduced word production in verbal fluency (VF) tasks are frequently observed in Parkinson's disease (PD) with ambiguous effects of dopaminergic medication on these symptoms. Here, we studied the impact of dopaminergic medication on specific cognitive components underlying VF task performance in 21 participants with PD on their regular medication and following dopamine withdrawal compared with healthy controls. We used temporal cluster analysis (TCA) to differentiate phases of VF output relating to fast automatic lexical activation ('clusters') and slower attention-demanding shifts ('switches'). Dopaminergic medication led to increased switching and, in non-alternating VF tasks, to the formation of smaller and shorter word clusters. The number of switches was correlated with higher cognitive scores and showed an inverse relationship with VF error rates. Increased switching operations during VF task performance can be interpreted in view of nigrostriatal dopaminergic roles for balancing system state versus change propensities. The additional effect on word clustering suggests a modulation of semantic spreading activation mechanisms underlying lexical search, presumably involving non-nigrostriatal, e.g., mesocortical dopaminergic networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannes O Tiedt
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Department of Neurology, Motor and Cognition Group, Campus Benjamin Franklin (CBF), Hindenburgdamm 30, 12203 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Felicitas Ehlen
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Department of Neurology, Motor and Cognition Group, Campus Benjamin Franklin (CBF), Hindenburgdamm 30, 12203 Berlin, Germany; Jüdisches Krankenhaus Berlin, Department of Psychiatry, Heinz-Galinski-Str. 1, 13347 Berlin, Germany(1).
| | - Fabian Klostermann
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Department of Neurology, Motor and Cognition Group, Campus Benjamin Franklin (CBF), Hindenburgdamm 30, 12203 Berlin, Germany; Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin School of Mind and Brain, Unter den Linden 6, 10099 Berlin, Germany.
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7
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Köksal Ersöz E, Aguilar C, Chossat P, Krupa M, Lavigne F. Neuronal mechanisms for sequential activation of memory items: Dynamics and reliability. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0231165. [PMID: 32298290 PMCID: PMC7161983 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0231165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In this article we present a biologically inspired model of activation of memory items in a sequence. Our model produces two types of sequences, corresponding to two different types of cerebral functions: activation of regular or irregular sequences. The switch between the two types of activation occurs through the modulation of biological parameters, without altering the connectivity matrix. Some of the parameters included in our model are neuronal gain, strength of inhibition, synaptic depression and noise. We investigate how these parameters enable the existence of sequences and influence the type of sequences observed. In particular we show that synaptic depression and noise drive the transitions from one memory item to the next and neuronal gain controls the switching between regular and irregular (random) activation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Carlos Aguilar
- Lab by MANTU, Amaris Research Unit, Route des Colles, Biot, France
| | - Pascal Chossat
- Project Team MathNeuro, INRIA-CNRS-UNS, Sophia Antipolis, France
- Université Côte d'Azur, Laboratoire Jean-Alexandre Dieudonné, Nice, France
| | - Martin Krupa
- Project Team MathNeuro, INRIA-CNRS-UNS, Sophia Antipolis, France
- Université Côte d'Azur, Laboratoire Jean-Alexandre Dieudonné, Nice, France
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8
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Beversdorf DQ. Neuropsychopharmacological regulation of performance on creativity-related tasks. Curr Opin Behav Sci 2019; 27:55-63. [PMID: 31106256 PMCID: PMC6519931 DOI: 10.1016/j.cobeha.2018.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
A number of factors affect performance on tasks associated with creativity. Two pharmacological systems in particularly been identified as important for their impact on creativity, the noradrenergic system and the dopaminergic systems. Furthermore, stress is also established as an important factor impacting performance, most likely mediated by its effects on these neurotransmitter systems. Herein, we review the current literature on the relationships between stress, the noradrenergic system, the dopaminergic system, and other pharmacological factors and their effects on performance on tasks associated with creativity.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Q Beversdorf
- William and Nancy Thompson Endowed Chair in Radiology, University of Missouri
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9
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Angwin AJ, Wilson WJ, Copland DA, Barry RJ, Myatt G, Arnott WL. The impact of auditory white noise on semantic priming. BRAIN AND LANGUAGE 2018; 180-182:1-7. [PMID: 29653279 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandl.2018.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2017] [Revised: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
It has been proposed that white noise can improve cognitive performance for some individuals, particularly those with lower attention, and that this effect may be mediated by dopaminergic circuitry. Given existing evidence that semantic priming is modulated by dopamine, this study investigated whether white noise can facilitate semantic priming. Seventy-eight adults completed an auditory semantic priming task with and without white noise, at either a short or long inter-stimulus interval (ISI). Measures of both direct and indirect semantic priming were examined. Analysis of the results revealed significant direct and indirect priming effects at each ISI in noise and silence, however noise significantly reduced the magnitude of indirect priming. Analyses of subgroups with higher versus lower attention revealed a reduction to indirect priming in noise relative to silence for participants with lower executive and orienting attention. These findings suggest that white noise focuses automatic spreading activation, which may be driven by modulation of dopaminergic circuitry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony J Angwin
- University of Queensland, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Brisbane, Australia.
| | - Wayne J Wilson
- University of Queensland, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Brisbane, Australia.
| | - David A Copland
- University of Queensland, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Brisbane, Australia; University of Queensland, UQ Centre for Clinical Research, Brisbane, Australia.
| | - Robert J Barry
- University of Wollongong, School of Psychology and Brain & Behaviour Research Institute, Wollongong, Australia.
| | - Grace Myatt
- University of Queensland, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Brisbane, Australia.
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10
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Angwin AJ, Wilson WJ, Arnott WL, Signorini A, Barry RJ, Copland DA. White noise enhances new-word learning in healthy adults. Sci Rep 2017; 7:13045. [PMID: 29026121 PMCID: PMC5638812 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-13383-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2017] [Accepted: 09/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Research suggests that listening to white noise may improve some aspects of cognitive performance in individuals with lower attention. This study investigated the impact of white noise on new word learning in healthy young adults, and whether this effect was mediated by executive attention skills. Eighty participants completed a single training session to learn the names of twenty novel objects. The session comprised 5 learning phases, each followed by a recall test. A final recognition test was also administered. Half the participants listened to white noise during the learning phases, and half completed the learning in silence. The noise group demonstrated superior recall accuracy over time, which was not impacted by participant attentional capacity. Recognition accuracy was near ceiling for both groups. These findings suggest that white noise has the capacity to enhance lexical acquisition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony J Angwin
- University of Queensland, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Brisbane, Australia.
| | - Wayne J Wilson
- University of Queensland, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Wendy L Arnott
- University of Queensland, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Brisbane, Australia.,Hear and Say, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Annabelle Signorini
- University of Queensland, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Robert J Barry
- University of Wollongong, School of Psychology and Brain & Behaviour Research Institute, Wollongong, Australia
| | - David A Copland
- University of Queensland, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Brisbane, Australia.,University of Queensland, UQ Centre for Clinical Research, Brisbane, Australia
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11
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Does Dopamine Depletion Trigger a Spreader Lexical-Semantic Activation in Parkinson's Disease? Evidence from a Study Based on Word Fluency Tasks. PARKINSON'S DISEASE 2017; 2017:2837685. [PMID: 28695038 PMCID: PMC5485327 DOI: 10.1155/2017/2837685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2016] [Revised: 02/15/2017] [Accepted: 03/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
It has been hypothesised that, in Parkinson's disease (PD), dopamine might modulate spreading activation of lexical-semantic representations. We aimed to investigate this hypothesis in individuals with PD without dementia by assessing word frequency and typicality in verbal fluency tasks. We predicted that the average values of both of these parameters would be lower in PD patients with respect to healthy controls (HC). We administered letter-cued and category-cued fluency tasks to early PD patients in two experimental conditions: the tasks were administered both after 12–18 hours of dopaminergic stimulation withdrawal (“OFF” condition) and after the first daily dose of dopaminergic therapy (“ON” condition). HC were also given the two tasks in two conditions with the same intersession delay as PD patients but without taking drugs. Results showed that in both OFF and ON treatment conditions PD patients did not differ from HC in word frequency or typicality. Moreover, in the PD group, no significant difference was found between the experimental conditions. Our results show that semantic spreading was not altered in the PD sample examined; this suggests that in early PD the functioning of the semantic system is relatively independent from the activity of dopamine brain networks.
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Aberg KC, Doell KC, Schwartz S. The “Creative Right Brain” Revisited: Individual Creativity and Associative Priming in the Right Hemisphere Relate to Hemispheric Asymmetries in Reward Brain Function. Cereb Cortex 2016; 27:4946-4959. [DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhw288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2016] [Accepted: 08/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
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Seeman MV. Bilingualism and schizophrenia. World J Psychiatry 2016; 6:192-8. [PMID: 27354960 PMCID: PMC4919257 DOI: 10.5498/wjp.v6.i2.192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2016] [Revised: 03/25/2016] [Accepted: 04/07/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Although a bilingual advantage has been described for neurodegenerative disease in general, it is not known whether such an advantage could accrue to individuals suffering from schizophrenia, since language networks are known to be disrupted in this condition. The aim of this minireview was to scan the existing literature to determine: (1) whether individuals with schizophrenia are able to learn a second language as adults; (2) whether clinical assessment, both for the purpose of accurate diagnosis and for the prediction of treatment response, should be carried out in both languages in bilinguals with schizophrenia; (3) whether psychotherapy in schizophrenia is affected by bilingualism; and (4) whether speaking a second language improves outcome in schizophrenia. The literature to date is too sparse to make definitive statements, but: (1) individuals with schizophrenia appear to be capable of learning a new languages as adults; and (2) it is possible that teaching a foreign language may serve as a form of cognitive rehabilitation for this condition. This literature review recommends research into the effects of bilingualism on the outcome of schizophrenia. Included in this review is a retrospective pilot study conducted in Canada, which suggests that employment opportunities for patients with schizophrenia are improved when they speak more than one language. This is important to note because employment is generally problematic in the context of schizophrenia while, at the same time, the ability to obtain work contributes significantly to quality of life.
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Herrera E, Cuetos F, Ribacoba R. Verbal fluency in Parkinson’s disease patients on/off dopamine medication. Neuropsychologia 2012; 50:3636-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2012.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2012] [Revised: 09/05/2012] [Accepted: 09/10/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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15
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Arnott WL, Copland DA, Chenery HJ, Murdoch BE, Silburn PA, Angwin AJ. The influence of dopamine on automatic and controlled semantic activation in Parkinson's disease. PARKINSONS DISEASE 2011; 2011:157072. [PMID: 22135759 PMCID: PMC3216283 DOI: 10.4061/2011/157072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2011] [Revised: 09/15/2011] [Accepted: 09/26/2011] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Two semantic priming
tasks, designed to isolate automatic and
controlled semantic activation, were utilized to
investigate the impact of dopamine depletion on
semantic processing in Parkinson's disease
(PD). Seven people with PD (tested whilst on and
off levodopa medication) and seven healthy
adults participated in the study. The healthy
adult participants demonstrated intact automatic
and controlled semantic activation. Aberrant
controlled semantic activation was observed in
the PD group on levodopa; however, automatic
semantic activation was still evident. In
contrast, automatic semantic activation was not
evident in the PD group off levodopa. These
results further clarify the impact of PD on
semantic processing, demonstrating that dopamine
depletion can cause disturbances in both
automatic and controlled semantic
activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendy L Arnott
- School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
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16
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Foster PS, Yung RC, Branch KK, Stringer K, Ferguson BJ, Sullivan W, Drago V. Increased spreading activation in depression. Brain Cogn 2011; 77:265-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bandc.2011.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2011] [Accepted: 08/01/2011] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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17
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Condray R, Yao JK. Cognition, dopamine and bioactive lipids in schizophrenia. Front Biosci (Schol Ed) 2011; 3:298-330. [PMID: 21196378 DOI: 10.2741/s153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a remarkably complex disorder with a multitude of behavioral and biological perturbations. Cognitive deficits are a core feature of this disorder, and involve abnormalities across multiple domains, including memory, attention, and perception. The complexity of this debilitating illness has led to a view that the key to unraveling its pathophysiology lies in deconstructing the clinically-defined syndrome into pathophysiologically distinct intermediate phenotypes. Accumulating evidence suggests that one of these intermediate phenotypes may involve phospholipid signaling abnormalities, particularly in relation to arachidonic acid (AA). Our data show relationships between levels of AA and performance on tests of cognition for schizophrenia patients, with defects in AA signaling associated with deficits in cognition. Moreover, dopamine may moderate these relationships between AA and cognition. Taken together, cognitive deficits, dopaminergic neurotransmission, and bioactive lipids have emerged as related features of schizophrenia. Existing treatment options for cognitive deficits in schizophrenia do not specifically target lipid-derived signaling pathways; understanding these processes could inform efforts to identify novel targets for treatment innovation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Condray
- Department of Psychiatry and Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 3811 O'Hara Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
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19
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Abstract
Contextual recall in humans relies on the semantic relationships between items stored in memory. These relationships can be probed by priming experiments. Such experiments have revealed a rich phenomenology on how reaction times depend on various factors such as strength and nature of associations, time intervals between stimulus presentations, and so forth. Experimental protocols on humans present striking similarities with pair association task experiments in monkeys. Electrophysiological recordings of cortical neurons in such tasks have found two types of task-related activity, "retrospective" (related to a previously shown stimulus), and "prospective" (related to a stimulus that the monkey expects to appear, due to learned association between both stimuli). Mathematical models of cortical networks allow theorists to understand the link between the physiology of single neurons and synapses, and network behavior giving rise to retrospective and/or prospective activity. Here, we show that this type of network model can account for a large variety of priming effects. Furthermore, the model allows us to interpret semantic priming differences between the two hemispheres as depending on a single association strength parameter.
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Copland DA, McMahon KL, Silburn PA, de Zubicaray GI. Dopaminergic neuromodulation of semantic processing: a 4-T FMRI study with levodopa. Cereb Cortex 2009; 19:2651-8. [PMID: 19321651 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhp017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
There is emerging evidence that alterations in dopaminergic transmission can influence semantic processing, yet the neural mechanisms involved are unknown. The influence of levodopa (L-DOPA) on semantic priming was investigated in healthy individuals (n = 20) using event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging with a randomized, double-blind crossover design. Critical prime-target pairs consisted of a lexical ambiguity prime and 1) a target related to the dominant meaning of the prime (e.g., bank-money), 2) a target related to the subordinate meaning (e.g., fence-sword), or 3) an unrelated target (e.g., ball-desk). Behavioral data showed that both dominant and subordinate meanings were primed on placebo. In contrast, there was preserved priming of dominant meanings and no significant priming of subordinate meanings on L-DOPA, the latter associated with decreased anterior cingulate and dorsal prefrontal cortex activity. Dominant meaning activation on L-DOPA was associated with increased activity in the left rolandic operculum and left middle temporal gyrus. These findings suggest that L-DOPA enhances frequency-based semantic focus via prefrontal and temporal modulation of automatic semantic priming and through engagement of anterior cingulate mechanisms supporting attentional/controlled priming.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Copland
- Language Neuroscience Laboratory, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE Our purpose is to examine the effect of D2/D3 agonists on semantic priming. BACKGROUND Dopamine seems to restrict the semantic network in semantic priming. However, which dopamine receptor mediates this effect is unknown. METHODS To better understand the receptors involved, 15 nondemented Parkinson disease patients performed a lexical decision task before and 1 hour after they received their first morning medication dose, 8 after D2 and D3 agonists pramipexole or ropinirole, and 7 after L-dopa. Semantic priming was measured for closely, distantly, and unrelated word pairs across a stimulus onset asynchrony of 700 ms. RESULTS Closely related pairs were recognized significantly faster than unrelated and distantly related pairs before the drugs, as well as after D2/D3 agents. After L-dopa, closely related pairs remained faster than unrelated, but not faster than distantly related pairs. CONCLUSIONS This suggests that D1 receptors may mediate the dopaminergic modulation of semantic priming.
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Semantic memory in schizophrenia: association with cell membrane essential fatty acids. Schizophr Res 2008; 106:13-28. [PMID: 18929465 PMCID: PMC2962952 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2008.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2007] [Revised: 02/25/2008] [Accepted: 03/13/2008] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Semantic memory and language deficits are associated with schizophrenia. Understanding how these systems operate in this disorder will likely require a multi-factorial model that explains their linkages with cognition and modulation by dopamine. A biological factor that may provide causal convergence for these connections is cell membrane composition and dynamics. METHODS N400 is an electrophysiological measure of semantic memory and language that is sensitive to deficits in schizophrenia. Relationships among N400, cognition, dopamine, and cell membrane polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) were examined for patients tested under medicated (haloperidol only) and unmedicated (placebo) conditions. Relationships between these factors and clinical symptoms were also evaluated. The sample included 37 male schizophrenia inpatients and 34 male normal controls. The N400 priming effect was measured from visual event-related potentials recorded during a semantic priming-lexical decision task, in which semantic association (related versus unrelated words) and presentation rate (Stimulus Onset Asynchrony/SOAs: 350 and 950 ms) were varied. RESULTS N400 was associated with cognition (speed, visuoperception, attention) in patients and controls. These relationships were influenced by SOA in both groups, and by pharmacological condition in patients. Levels of total PUFAs and arachidonic acid were associated with N400 in unmedicated patients. Clinical symptoms (paranoia, thought disturbance) were associated with N400, but not with cognition or PUFAs. CONCLUSIONS Results suggest cell membrane fatty acids are associated with semantic memory and language in schizophrenia. Findings also suggest a series of linkages that are modulated by dopamine: cell membrane fatty acids are associated with N400 semantic priming; N400 semantic priming is associated with clinical symptoms.
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Lavigne F, Darmon N. Dopaminergic neuromodulation of semantic priming in a cortical network model. Neuropsychologia 2008; 46:3074-87. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2008.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2008] [Revised: 05/24/2008] [Accepted: 06/27/2008] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Foster PS, Drago V, FitzGerald DB, Skoblar BM, Crucian GP, Heilman KM. Spreading activation of lexical-semantic networks in Parkinson's disease. Neuropsychologia 2008; 46:1908-14. [PMID: 18325544 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2008.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2007] [Revised: 12/07/2007] [Accepted: 01/22/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Although dopamine may act as a neuromodulator of spreading activation within semantic networks, this role of dopamine in lexical networks has not been investigated. Hence, we sought to investigate the effects of Parkinson's disease (PD), which is associated with dopamine depletion, on spreading activation in the lexical networks. Ten Parkinson's disease patients and 11 normal controls performed the controlled oral word association test and the average word frequency for their responses was calculated and used as an index of spreading activation. The PD patients exhibited a lower average word frequency, suggesting increased spreading activation, and a significant relationship between the strength of the initial activation and subsequent extent of spreading activation. Most patients were taking dopaminergic medication and future studies may benefit from examining the changes in spreading activation in lexical networks in PD patients on versus off medication or in healthy controls taking either a placebo or a dopaminergic medication. Although these alterations in lexical access might be related to the reduction of dopamine, one of the hallmarks of PD, these patients also have alterations of other neurotransmitter systems and further studies are needed to more clearly identify the role played by these neurotransmitter on lexical access.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul S Foster
- Psychology Department, Middle Tennessee State University, Murfreesboro, TN 37132, USA.
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Pomarol-Clotet E, Oh TMSS, Laws KR, McKenna PJ. Semantic priming in schizophrenia: systematic review and meta-analysis. Br J Psychiatry 2008; 192:92-7. [PMID: 18245021 DOI: 10.1192/bjp.bp.106.032102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increased semantic priming is an influential theory of thought disorder in schizophrenia. However, studies to date have had conflicting findings. AIMS To investigate semantic memory in patients with schizophrenia with and without thought disorder. METHOD Data were pooled from 36 studies comparing patients with schizophrenia and normal controls in semantic priming tasks. Data from 18 studies comparing patients with thought disorder with normal controls, and 13 studies comparing patients with and without thought disorder were also pooled. RESULTS There was no support for altered semantic priming in schizophrenia as a whole. Increased semantic priming in patients with thought disorder was supported, but this was significant only in comparison with normal controls and not in comparison with patients without thought disorder. Stimulus onset asynchrony (SOA) and general slowing of reaction time moderated the effect size for priming in patients with thought disorder. CONCLUSIONS Meta-analysis provides qualified support for increased semantic priming as a psychological abnormality underlying thought disorder. However, the possibility that the effect is an artefact of general slowing of reaction time in schizophrenia has not been excluded.
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