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The Role of Associative Learning in Current Paradigm Shifts in Eating Disorder Research and Clinical Practice. Behav Sci (Basel) 2022; 12:bs12110451. [DOI: 10.3390/bs12110451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This editorial is an introduction to the Special Issue “Psychopathological analysis and intervention for anorexia nervosa: using associative-learning mechanisms” [...]
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Davis KC, Saito K, Rodeghiero SR, Toth BA, Lutter M, Cui H. Behavioral Alterations in Mice Carrying Homozygous HDAC4 A778T Missense Mutation Associated With Eating Disorder. Front Neurosci 2020; 14:139. [PMID: 32153359 PMCID: PMC7046559 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.00139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Eating disorders (EDs) are serious mental illnesses thought to arise from the complex gene-environment interactions. DNA methylation patterns in histone deacetylase 4 (HDAC4) locus have been associated with EDs and we have previously identified a missense mutation in the HDAC4 gene (HDAC4A786T) that increases the risk of developing an ED. In order to evaluate the biological consequences of this variant and establish a useful mouse model of EDs, here we performed behavioral characterization of mice homozygous for Hdac4A778T (corresponding to human HDAC4A786T) that were further backcrossed onto C57BL/6 background. When fed high-fat diet, male, but not female, homozygous mice showed a trend toward decreased weight gain compared to their wild-type littermates. Behaviorally, male, but not female, homozygous mice spent less time in eating and exhibited reduced motivation to work for palatable food and light phase-specific decrease in locomotor activity. Additionally, homozygous Hdac4A778T female, but not male, mice display social subordination when subjected to a tube dominance test. Collectively, these results reveal a complex sex- and circadian-dependent role of ED-associated Hdac4A778T mutation in affecting mouse behaviors. Homozygous Hdac4A778T mice could therefore be a useful animal model to gain insight into the neurobiological basis of EDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin C Davis
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Kenji Saito
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Samuel R Rodeghiero
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Brandon A Toth
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Michael Lutter
- Eating Recovery Center of San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Huxing Cui
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, United States.,F.O.E. Diabetes Research Center, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, United States.,Obesity Research and Educational Initiative, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, United States.,Iowa Neuroscience Institute, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, United States
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Duriez P, Ramoz N, Gorwood P, Viltart O, Tolle V. A Metabolic Perspective on Reward Abnormalities in Anorexia Nervosa. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2019; 30:915-928. [PMID: 31648936 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2019.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2019] [Revised: 08/04/2019] [Accepted: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Anorexia nervosa (AN) is the psychiatric disorder with the highest mortality rate; however, the mechanisms responsible for its pathogenesis remain largely unknown. Large-scale genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified genetic loci associated with metabolic features in AN. Metabolic alterations that occur in AN have been mostly considered as consequences of the chronic undernutrition state but until recently have not been linked to the etiology of the disorder. We review the molecular basis of AN based on human genetics, with an emphasis on the molecular components controlling energy homeostasis, highlight the main metabolic and endocrine alterations occurring in AN, and decipher the possible connection between metabolic factors and abnormalities of reward processes that are central in AN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philibert Duriez
- Institute of Psychiatry and Neurosciences of Paris, Unité Mixte de Recherche en Santé (UMRS) 1266 Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), University Paris Descartes, Paris, France; Clinique des Maladies Mentales et de l'Encéphale, Groupement Hospitalier Universitaire (GHU) Paris Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Sainte-Anne Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Nicolas Ramoz
- Institute of Psychiatry and Neurosciences of Paris, Unité Mixte de Recherche en Santé (UMRS) 1266 Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), University Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Philip Gorwood
- Institute of Psychiatry and Neurosciences of Paris, Unité Mixte de Recherche en Santé (UMRS) 1266 Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), University Paris Descartes, Paris, France; Clinique des Maladies Mentales et de l'Encéphale, Groupement Hospitalier Universitaire (GHU) Paris Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Sainte-Anne Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Odile Viltart
- Institute of Psychiatry and Neurosciences of Paris, Unité Mixte de Recherche en Santé (UMRS) 1266 Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), University Paris Descartes, Paris, France; University of Lille, Lille, France
| | - Virginie Tolle
- Institute of Psychiatry and Neurosciences of Paris, Unité Mixte de Recherche en Santé (UMRS) 1266 Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), University Paris Descartes, Paris, France.
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Abstract
Anorexia nervosa is a complex psychiatric illness associated with food restriction and high mortality. Recent brain research in adolescents and adults with anorexia nervosa has used larger sample sizes compared with earlier studies and tasks that test specific brain circuits. Those studies have produced more robust results and advanced our knowledge of underlying biological mechanisms that may contribute to the development and maintenance of anorexia nervosa. It is now recognized that malnutrition and dehydration lead to dynamic changes in brain structure across the brain, which normalize with weight restoration. Some structural alterations could be trait factors but require replication. Functional brain imaging and behavioral studies have implicated learning-related brain circuits that may contribute to food restriction in anorexia nervosa. Most notably, those circuits involve striatal, insular, and frontal cortical regions that drive learning from reward and punishment, as well as habit learning. Disturbances in those circuits may lead to a vicious cycle that hampers recovery. Other studies have started to explore the neurobiology of interoception or social interaction and whether the connectivity between brain regions is altered in anorexia nervosa. All together, these studies build upon earlier research that indicated neurotransmitter abnormalities in anorexia nervosa and help us develop models of a distinct neurobiology that underlies anorexia nervosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guido K W Frank
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA.,Neuroscience Program, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Megan E Shott
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Marisa C DeGuzman
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA.,Neuroscience Program, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
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Di Bonaventura MVM, Lutz TA, Romano A, Pucci M, Geary N, Asarian L, Cifani C. Estrogenic suppression of binge-like eating elicited by cyclic food restriction and frustrative-nonreward stress in female rats. Int J Eat Disord 2017; 50:624-635. [PMID: 28230907 PMCID: PMC5500915 DOI: 10.1002/eat.22687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2016] [Revised: 01/02/2017] [Accepted: 01/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Because binge eating and emotional eating vary through the menstrual cycle in human females, we investigated cyclic changes in binge-like eating in female rats and their control by estrogens. Binge-like eating was elicited by three cycles of 4 days of food restriction and 4 days of free feeding followed by a single frustrative nonreward-stress episode (15 min visual and olfactory exposure to a familiar palatable food) immediately before presentation of the palatable food. Intact rats showed binge-like eating during the diestrous and proestrous phases of the ovarian cycle, but not during the estrous (periovulatory) phase. Ovariectomized (OVX) rats not treated with estradiol (E2) displayed binge-like eating, whereas E2-treated OVX rats did not. The procedure did not increase signs of anxiety in an open-field test. OVX rats not treated with E2 that were subjected to food restriction and sacrificed immediately after frustrative nonreward had increased numbers of cells expressing phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK) in the central nucleus of the amygdala (CeA), paraventricular nucleus of hypothalamus (PVN), and dorsal and ventral bed nuclei of the stria terminalis (BNST) compared with nonrestricted or E2-treated rats. These data suggest that this female rat model is appropriate for mechanistic studies of some aspects of menstrual-cycle effects on emotional and binge eating in human females, that anxiety is not a sufficient cause of binge-like eating, and that the PVN, CeA, and BNST may contribute to information processing underlying binge-like eating.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Thomas A. Lutz
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology and Center for Integrative Human Physiology, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Adele Romano
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Mariangela Pucci
- Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, 64100 Teramo, Italy
| | - Nori Geary
- Department of Psychiatry (Retired), Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Lori Asarian
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology and Center for Integrative Human Physiology, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Carlo Cifani
- School of Pharmacy, Pharmacology Unit, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy
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Papacostas-Quintanilla H, Ortiz-Ortega VM, López-Rubalcava C. Wistar-Kyoto Female Rats Are More Susceptible to Develop Sugar Binging: A Comparison with Wistar Rats. Front Nutr 2017; 4:15. [PMID: 28536692 PMCID: PMC5422445 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2017.00015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The hedonic component of the feeding behavior involves the mesolimbic reward system and resembles addictions. Nowadays, the excessive consumption of sucrose is considered addictive. The Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rat strain is prone to develop anxiety and addiction-like behavior; nevertheless, a lack of information regarding their vulnerability to develop sugar binging-like behavior (SBLB) and how it affects the reward system persist. Therefore, the first aim of the present study was to compare the different predisposition of two rat strains, Wistar (W) and WKY to develop the SBLB in female and male rats. Also, we studied if the SBLB-inducing protocol produces changes in anxiety-like behavior using the plus-maze test (PMT) and, analyzed serotonin (5-HT) and noradrenaline (NA) concentrations in brain areas related to anxiety and ingestive behavior (brain stem, hypothalamus, nucleus accumbens, and amygdala). Finally, we evaluated whether fluoxetine, a drug that has been effective in reducing the binge-eating frequency, body weight, and severity of binge eating disorder, could also block this behavior. Briefly, WKY and W female rats were exposed to 30% sucrose solution (2 h, 3 days/week for 4 weeks), and fed up ad libitum. PMT was performed between the last two test periods. Immediately after the last test where sucrose access was available, rats were decapitated and brain areas extracted for high-performance liquid chromatography analysis. The results showed that both W and WKY female and male rats developed the SBLB. WKY rats consumed more calories and ingested a bigger amount of sucrose solution than their W counterpart. This behavior was reversed by using fluoxetine, rats exposed to the SBLB-inducing protocol presented a rebound effect during the washout period. On female rats, the SBLB-inducing protocol induced changes in NA concentrations on WKY, but not on W rats. No changes were found in 5-HT levels. Finally, animals that developed SBLB showed increased anxiety-like behavior in the PMT. In conclusion, WKY female rats can be considered as a more susceptible rat strain to develop SBLB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Papacostas-Quintanilla
- Laboratorio de Psicofarmacología y Trastornos de la Alimentación, Departamento de Farmacobiología, CINVESTAV, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Víctor Manuel Ortiz-Ortega
- Departamento de Fisiología de la Nutrición, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Carolina López-Rubalcava
- Laboratorio de Psicofarmacología y Trastornos de la Alimentación, Departamento de Farmacobiología, CINVESTAV, Ciudad de México, Mexico
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Lutter M, Khan MZ, Satio K, Davis KC, Kidder IJ, McDaniel L, Darbro BW, Pieper AA, Cui H. The Eating-Disorder Associated HDAC4 A778T Mutation Alters Feeding Behaviors in Female Mice. Biol Psychiatry 2017; 81:770-777. [PMID: 27884425 PMCID: PMC5386818 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2016.09.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2016] [Revised: 09/02/2016] [Accepted: 09/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND While eating disorders (EDs) are thought to result from a combination of environmental and psychological stressors superimposed on genetic vulnerability, the neurobiological basis of EDs remains incompletely understood. We recently reported that a rare missense mutation in the gene for the transcriptional repressor histone deacetylase 4 (HDAC4) is associated with the risk of developing an ED in humans. METHODS To understand the biological consequences of this missense mutation, we created transgenic mice carrying this mutation by introducing the alanine to threonine mutation at position 778 of mouse Hdac4 (corresponding to position 786 of the human protein). Bioinformatic analysis to identify Hdac4-regulated genes was performed using available databases. RESULTS Male mice heterozygous for HDAC4A778T did not show any metabolic or behavioral differences. In contrast, female mice heterozygous for HDAC4A778T display several ED-related feeding and behavioral deficits depending on housing condition. Individually housed HDAC4A778T female mice exhibit reduced effortful responding for high-fat diet and compulsive grooming, whereas group-housed female mice display increased weight gain on high-fat diet, reduced behavioral despair, and increased anxiety-like behaviors. Bioinformatic analysis identifies mitochondrial biogenesis including synthesis of glutamate/gamma-aminobutyric acid as a potential transcriptional target of HDAC4A778T activity relevant to the behavioral deficits identified in this new mouse model of disordered eating. CONCLUSIONS The HDAC4A778T mouse line is a novel model of ED-related behaviors and identifies mitochondrial biogenesis as a potential molecular pathway contributing to behavioral deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Huxing Cui
- Pharmacology, University of Iowa, Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa.
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Monteggia LM. Toward Better Animal Models for Molecular Psychiatry. Biol Psychiatry 2016; 79:2-3. [PMID: 26616431 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2015.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2015] [Accepted: 10/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lisa M Monteggia
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas..
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Croarkin PE, Ameis SH. Editorial: Frontiers in Brain-Based Therapeutic Interventions and Biomarker Research in Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. Front Psychiatry 2016; 7:123. [PMID: 27458391 PMCID: PMC4932102 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2016.00123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2016] [Accepted: 06/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Paul E Croarkin
- Noninvasive Brain Stimulation Program, Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic Depression Center, Mayo Clinic , Rochester, MN , USA
| | - Stephanie H Ameis
- The Margaret and Wallace McCain Centre for Child, Youth and Family Mental Health, Temerty Centre for Therapeutic Brain Intervention, Slaight Centre for Youth in Transition, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada; Centre for Brain & Mental Health, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada; Child & Youth Mental Health Division, Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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