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Huang Y, Luan S, Wu B, Li Y, Wu J, Chen W, Hertwig R. Impulsivity is a stable, measurable, and predictive psychological trait. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2321758121. [PMID: 38830093 PMCID: PMC11181114 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2321758121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Impulsivity is a personality construct frequently employed to explain and predict important human behaviors. Major inconsistencies in its definition and measurement, however, have led some researchers to call for an outright rejection of impulsivity as a psychological construct. We address this highly unsatisfactory state with a large-scale, preregistered study (N = 1,676) in which each participant completed 48 measures of impulsivity derived from 10 self-report scales and 10 behavioral tasks and reported frequencies of seven impulsivity-related behaviors (e.g., impulsive buying and social media usage); a subsample (N = 196) then completed a retest session 3 mo later. We found that correlations between self-report measures were substantially higher than those between behavioral tasks and between self-report measures and behavioral tasks. Bifactor analysis of these measures exacted one general factor of impulsivity I, akin to the general intelligence factor g, and six specific factors. Factor I was related mainly to self-report measures, had high test-retest reliability, and could predict impulsivity-related behaviors better than existing measures. We further developed a scale named the adjustable impulsivity scale (AIMS) to measure I. AIMS possesses excellent psychometric properties that are largely retained in shorter versions and could predict impulsivity-related behaviors equally well as I. These findings collectively support impulsivity as a stable, measurable, and predictive trait, indicating that it may be too early to reject it as a valid and useful psychological construct. The bifactorial structure of impulsivity and AIMS, meanwhile, significantly advance the conceptualization and measurement of construct impulsivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqi Huang
- Key Laboratory for Behavioral Science, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100101, China
- Department of Psychology, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing101408, China
| | - Shenghua Luan
- Key Laboratory for Behavioral Science, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100101, China
- Department of Psychology, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing101408, China
| | - Baizhou Wu
- Key Laboratory for Behavioral Science, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100101, China
- Department of Psychology, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing101408, China
| | - Yugang Li
- Key Laboratory for Behavioral Science, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100101, China
- Department of Psychology, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing101408, China
| | - Junhui Wu
- Key Laboratory for Behavioral Science, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100101, China
- Department of Psychology, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing101408, China
| | - Wenfeng Chen
- Department of Psychology, Renmin University of China, Beijing100872, China
| | - Ralph Hertwig
- Center for Adaptive Rationality, Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Berlin14195, Germany
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2
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Burk DC, Averbeck BB. Environmental uncertainty and the advantage of impulsive choice strategies. PLoS Comput Biol 2023; 19:e1010873. [PMID: 36716320 PMCID: PMC9910799 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1010873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Choice impulsivity is characterized by the choice of immediate, smaller reward options over future, larger reward options, and is often thought to be associated with negative life outcomes. However, some environments make future rewards more uncertain, and in these environments impulsive choices can be beneficial. Here we examined the conditions under which impulsive vs. non-impulsive decision strategies would be advantageous. We used Markov Decision Processes (MDPs) to model three common decision-making tasks: Temporal Discounting, Information Sampling, and an Explore-Exploit task. We manipulated environmental variables to create circumstances where future outcomes were relatively uncertain. We then manipulated the discount factor of an MDP agent, which affects the value of immediate versus future rewards, to model impulsive and non-impulsive behavior. This allowed us to examine the performance of impulsive and non-impulsive agents in more or less predictable environments. In Temporal Discounting, we manipulated the transition probability to delayed rewards and found that the agent with the lower discount factor (i.e. the impulsive agent) collected more average reward than the agent with a higher discount factor (the non-impulsive agent) by selecting immediate reward options when the probability of receiving the future reward was low. In the Information Sampling task, we manipulated the amount of information obtained with each sample. When sampling led to small information gains, the impulsive MDP agent collected more average reward than the non-impulsive agent. Third, in the Explore-Exploit task, we manipulated the substitution rate for novel options. When the substitution rate was high, the impulsive agent again performed better than the non-impulsive agent, as it explored the novel options less and instead exploited options with known reward values. The results of these analyses show that impulsivity can be advantageous in environments that are unexpectedly uncertain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana C. Burk
- Laboratory of Neuropsychology, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Bruno B. Averbeck
- Laboratory of Neuropsychology, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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3
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Livermore JJA, Holmes CL, Cutler J, Levstek M, Moga G, Brittain JRC, Campbell-Meiklejohn D. Selective effects of serotonin on choices to gather more information. J Psychopharmacol 2021; 35:631-640. [PMID: 33601931 PMCID: PMC8278551 DOI: 10.1177/0269881121991571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gathering and evaluating information leads to better decisions, but often at cost. The balance between information seeking and exploitation features in neurodevelopmental, mood, psychotic and substance-related disorders. Serotonin's role has been highlighted by experimental reduction of its precursor, tryptophan. AIMS We tested the boundaries and applicability of this role by asking whether changes to information sampling would be observed following acute doses of serotonergic and catecholaminergic clinical treatments. We used a variant of the Information Sampling Task (IST) to measure how much information a person requires before they make a decision. This task allows participants to sample information until satisfied to make a choice. METHODS In separate double-blind placebo-controlled experiments, we tested 27 healthy participants on/off 20 mg of the serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SRI) citalopram, and 22 participants on/off 40 mg of the noradrenergic reuptake inhibitor atomoxetine. The IST variant minimised effects of temporal impulsivity and loss aversion. Analyses used a variety of participant prior expectations of sampling spaces in the IST, including a new prior that accounts for learning of likely states across trials. We analysed behaviour by a new method that also accounts for baseline individual differences of risk preference. RESULTS Baseline preferences demonstrated risk aversion. Citalopram decreased the expected utility of choices and probability of being correct based on informational content of samples collected, suggesting participants collected less useful information before making a choice. Atomoxetine did not influence information seeking. CONCLUSION Acute changes of serotonin activity by way of a single SRI dose alter information-seeking behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- James JA Livermore
- Sussex Neuroscience/School of Psychology, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Clare L Holmes
- Sussex Neuroscience/School of Psychology, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK
| | - Jo Cutler
- Sussex Neuroscience/School of Psychology, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK
- School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Maruša Levstek
- Sussex Neuroscience/School of Psychology, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK
| | - Gyorgy Moga
- Sussex Neuroscience/School of Psychology, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK
| | - James RC Brittain
- Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Brighton, UK
- Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, London, UK
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Vaughan RS, Hagyard JD, Edwards EJ, Jackson RC. Reflection-impulsivity in athletes: A cross-sectional and longitudinal investigation. Eur J Sport Sci 2020; 21:1436-1447. [PMID: 33284734 DOI: 10.1080/17461391.2020.1861106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Reflection-impulsivity is a dimension of cognitive or decision-making style. We conducted two quasi-experimental studies to examine reflection-impulsivity in athletes using an information sampling task. In Study 1 (n = 108; Mage = 22.7 ± SDage = 1.42; 50% female), we used a cross-sectional design to compare performance across athletic expertise (super-elite, elite, amateur, novice or non-athlete) and sport type (external-paced or self-paced). In Study 2 (Time 1 n = 106; Mage = 21.32 ± SDage = 5.77; 53% female and Time 2 n = 64; Mage = 21.19 ± SDage = 5.12; 44% female), we examined changes in reflection-impulsivity across a 16-week playing season. Study 1 showed more accurate and more efficient performance as athletic expertise increased. Study 2 revealed better effectiveness and efficiency following sport participation, a 16-week playing season, most notably in elite-level performers. No sport-type differences were noted. Taken together, the studies demonstrate an association between reflection-impulsivity and athletic expertise, while also providing evidence that competitive sports participation leads to efficient decisions based on reflection, without sacrificing accuracy, which is often a consequence of impulsive decision-making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert S Vaughan
- School of Education, Language, and Psychology, York St John University, York, UK
| | - Jack D Hagyard
- School of Education, Language, and Psychology, York St John University, York, UK
| | | | - Robin C Jackson
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
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Hari Dass SA, McCracken K, Pokhvisneva I, Chen LM, Garg E, Nguyen TTT, Wang Z, Barth B, Yaqubi M, McEwen LM, MacIsaac JL, Diorio J, Kobor MS, O'Donnell KJ, Meaney MJ, Silveira PP. A biologically-informed polygenic score identifies endophenotypes and clinical conditions associated with the insulin receptor function on specific brain regions. EBioMedicine 2019; 42:188-202. [PMID: 30922963 PMCID: PMC6491717 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2019.03.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Revised: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Activation of brain insulin receptors modulates reward sensitivity, inhibitory control and memory. Variations in the functioning of this mechanism likely associate with individual differences in the risk for related mental disorders (attention deficit hyperactivity disorder or ADHD, addiction, dementia), in agreement with the high co-morbidity between insulin resistance and psychopathology. These neurobiological mechanisms can be explored using genetic studies. We propose a novel, biologically informed genetic score reflecting the mesocorticolimbic and hippocampal insulin receptor-related gene networks, and investigate if it predicts endophenotypes (impulsivity, cognitive ability) in community samples of children, and psychopathology (addiction, dementia) in adults. METHODS Lists of genes co-expressed with the insulin receptor in the mesocorticolimbic system or hippocampus were created. SNPs from these genes (post-clumping) were compiled in a polygenic score using the association betas described in a conventional GWAS (ADHD in the mesocorticolimbic score and Alzheimer in the hippocampal score). Across multiple samples (n = 4502), the biologically informed, mesocorticolimbic or hippocampal specific insulin receptor polygenic scores were calculated, and their ability to predict impulsivity, risk for addiction, cognitive performance and presence of Alzheimer's disease was investigated. FINDINGS The biologically-informed ePRS-IR score showed better prediction of child impulsivity and cognitive performance, as well as risk for addiction and Alzheimer's disease in comparison to conventional polygenic scores for ADHD, addiction and dementia. INTERPRETATION This novel, biologically-informed approach enables the use of genomic datasets to probe relevant biological processes involved in neural function and disorders. FUND: Toxic Stress Research network of the JPB Foundation, Jacobs Foundation (Switzerland), Sackler Foundation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shantala A Hari Dass
- Sackler Institute for Epigenetics & Psychobiology, McGill University, 6875 Boulevard LaSalle, Verdun, QC H4H 1R3, Canada
| | - Kathryn McCracken
- John Abbott College, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, 6875 Boulevard LaSalle, Verdun, QC H4H 1R3, Canada; McGill University, 6875 Boulevard LaSalle, Verdun, QC H4H 1R3, Canada
| | - Irina Pokhvisneva
- Sackler Institute for Epigenetics & Psychobiology, McGill University, 6875 Boulevard LaSalle, Verdun, QC H4H 1R3, Canada
| | - Lawrence M Chen
- Sackler Institute for Epigenetics & Psychobiology, McGill University, 6875 Boulevard LaSalle, Verdun, QC H4H 1R3, Canada
| | - Elika Garg
- Sackler Institute for Epigenetics & Psychobiology, McGill University, 6875 Boulevard LaSalle, Verdun, QC H4H 1R3, Canada
| | - Thao T T Nguyen
- Sackler Institute for Epigenetics & Psychobiology, McGill University, 6875 Boulevard LaSalle, Verdun, QC H4H 1R3, Canada
| | - Zihan Wang
- Sackler Institute for Epigenetics & Psychobiology, McGill University, 6875 Boulevard LaSalle, Verdun, QC H4H 1R3, Canada
| | - Barbara Barth
- McGill University, 6875 Boulevard LaSalle, Verdun, QC H4H 1R3, Canada
| | - Moein Yaqubi
- McGill University, 6875 Boulevard LaSalle, Verdun, QC H4H 1R3, Canada
| | - Lisa M McEwen
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Department of Medical Genetics, The University of British Columbia, 938 West 28th Avenue, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4H4, Canada
| | - Julie L MacIsaac
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Department of Medical Genetics, The University of British Columbia, 938 West 28th Avenue, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4H4, Canada
| | - Josie Diorio
- Sackler Institute for Epigenetics & Psychobiology, McGill University, 6875 Boulevard LaSalle, Verdun, QC H4H 1R3, Canada
| | - Michael S Kobor
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Department of Medical Genetics, The University of British Columbia, 938 West 28th Avenue, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4H4, Canada
| | - Kieran J O'Donnell
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, 6875 Boulevard LaSalle, Verdun, QC H4H 1R3, Canada; Ludmer Centre for Neuroinformatics and Mental Health, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, 6875 Boulevard LaSalle, Verdun, QC H4H 1R3, Canada; Sackler Institute for Epigenetics & Psychobiology, McGill University, 6875 Boulevard LaSalle, Verdun, QC H4H 1R3, Canada
| | - Michael J Meaney
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, 6875 Boulevard LaSalle, Verdun, QC H4H 1R3, Canada; Ludmer Centre for Neuroinformatics and Mental Health, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, 6875 Boulevard LaSalle, Verdun, QC H4H 1R3, Canada; Sackler Institute for Epigenetics & Psychobiology, McGill University, 6875 Boulevard LaSalle, Verdun, QC H4H 1R3, Canada; Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Brenner Centre for Molecular Medicine, 30 Medical Drive, 117609, Singapore
| | - Patricia P Silveira
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, 6875 Boulevard LaSalle, Verdun, QC H4H 1R3, Canada; Ludmer Centre for Neuroinformatics and Mental Health, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, 6875 Boulevard LaSalle, Verdun, QC H4H 1R3, Canada; Sackler Institute for Epigenetics & Psychobiology, McGill University, 6875 Boulevard LaSalle, Verdun, QC H4H 1R3, Canada.
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Skippen P, Matzke D, Heathcote A, Fulham WR, Michie P, Karayanidis F. Reliability of triggering inhibitory process is a better predictor of impulsivity than SSRT. Acta Psychol (Amst) 2019; 192:104-117. [PMID: 30469044 DOI: 10.1016/j.actpsy.2018.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Revised: 10/27/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The ability to control behaviour is thought to rely at least partly on adequately suppressing impulsive responses to external stimuli. However, the evidence for a relationship between response inhibition ability and impulse control is weak and inconsistent. This study investigates the relationship between response inhibition and both self-report and behavioural measures of impulsivity as well as engagement in risky behaviours in a large community sample (N = 174) of healthy adolescents and young adults (15-35 years). Using a stop-signal paradigm with a number parity go task, we implemented a novel hierarchical Bayesian model of response inhibition that estimates stop-signal reaction time (SSRT) as a distribution and also accounts for failures to react to the stop-signal (i.e., "trigger failure"), and failure to react to the choice stimulus (i.e., "go failure" or omission errors). In line with previous studies, the model reduced estimates of SSRT by approximately 100 ms compared with traditional non-parametric SSRT estimation techniques. We found significant relationships between behavioural and self-report measures of impulsivity and traditionally estimated SSRT, that did not hold for the model-based SSRT estimates. Instead, behavioural impulsivity measures were correlated with rate of trigger failure. The relationship between trigger failure and impulsivity suggests that the former may index a higher order inhibition process, whereas SSRT may index a more automatic inhibition process. We suggest that the existence of distinct response inhibition processes that may be associated with different levels of cognitive control.
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Effects of intermittent theta burst stimulation applied to the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex on empathy and impulsivity in healthy adult males. Brain Cogn 2018; 128:37-45. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bandc.2018.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Revised: 08/16/2018] [Accepted: 11/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Silveira PP, Pokhvisneva I, Gaudreau H, Rifkin-Graboi A, Broekman BFP, Steiner M, Levitan R, Parent C, Diorio J, Meaney MJ. Birth weight and catch up growth are associated with childhood impulsivity in two independent cohorts. Sci Rep 2018; 8:13705. [PMID: 30209275 PMCID: PMC6135839 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-31816-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Individuals born after intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) are more impulsive towards palatable foods, but it is not clear 1) if IUGR-related impulsivity is specific for foods and solely based on response inhibition and 2) if the development of impulsivity is due to being born IUGR per se or to growing up fast in the first few years of life (catch up growth). Children were classified in the IUGR group if the birth weight ratio was below 0.85. Delta z score for BMI was used as a measure of catch up growth. In MAVAN (N = 274), impulsivity was measured by the Information Sampling Task from the Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery (IST - CANTAB), and in GUSTO using the Sticker Delay Task (N = 327). There is a significant effect of interaction between being born IUGR and the magnitude of catch up growth on the reflection impulsivity from IST-CANTAB at 60 months, in which greater catch up growth associates with greater impulsivity in the IST fixed condition in IUGR children. The finding was reproduced in children from the GUSTO cohort using the Sticker Delay Task. We confirmed that catch up growth interacts with IUGR, having a major role in the development of impulsivity in the first years of life and influencing inhibitory control and decision making processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrícia P Silveira
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University & Sackler Institute for Epigenetics & Psychobiology at McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
- Ludmer Centre for Neuroinformatics and Mental Health, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, H4H 1R3, Canada.
| | - Irina Pokhvisneva
- Ludmer Centre for Neuroinformatics and Mental Health, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, H4H 1R3, Canada
| | - Hélène Gaudreau
- Ludmer Centre for Neuroinformatics and Mental Health, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, H4H 1R3, Canada
| | - Anne Rifkin-Graboi
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Birit F P Broekman
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Meir Steiner
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, L8N 3K7, Canada
| | - Robert Levitan
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto and Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, M5T 1R8, Canada
| | - Carine Parent
- Ludmer Centre for Neuroinformatics and Mental Health, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, H4H 1R3, Canada
| | - Josie Diorio
- Ludmer Centre for Neuroinformatics and Mental Health, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, H4H 1R3, Canada
| | - Michael J Meaney
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University & Sackler Institute for Epigenetics & Psychobiology at McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Ludmer Centre for Neuroinformatics and Mental Health, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, H4H 1R3, Canada
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
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Yang CC, Khalifa N, Völlm B. Excitatory repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation applied to the right inferior frontal gyrus has no effect on motor or cognitive impulsivity in healthy adults. Behav Brain Res 2018; 347:1-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2018.02.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2017] [Revised: 02/19/2018] [Accepted: 02/27/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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10
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Axelsen MC, Jepsen JRM, Bak N. The Choice of Prior in Bayesian Modeling of the Information Sampling Task. Biol Psychiatry 2018; 83:e59-e60. [PMID: 28688580 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2017.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2017] [Accepted: 05/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Christian Axelsen
- The Section for Cognitive Systems - DTU Compute, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark; Lundbeck Foundation Center for Clinical Intervention and Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research, Mental Health Services Glostrup, Glostrup, Denmark; Center for Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research, Mental Health Services Glostrup, Capital Region, Glostrup, Denmark.
| | - Jens Richardt Møllegaard Jepsen
- Lundbeck Foundation Center for Clinical Intervention and Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research, Mental Health Services Glostrup, Glostrup, Denmark; Center for Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research, Mental Health Services Glostrup, Capital Region, Glostrup, Denmark; Child and Adolescent Mental Health Centre, Mental Health Services, Capital Region, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Nikolaj Bak
- Lundbeck Foundation Center for Clinical Intervention and Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research, Mental Health Services Glostrup, Glostrup, Denmark; Center for Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research, Mental Health Services Glostrup, Capital Region, Glostrup, Denmark
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Bennett D, Yücel M, Murawski C. Reply to: The Choice of Prior in Bayesian Modeling of the Information Sampling Task. Biol Psychiatry 2018; 83:e61-e62. [PMID: 28688578 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2017.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2017] [Accepted: 05/26/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Bennett
- School of Psychological Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Finance, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Murat Yücel
- School of Psychological Sciences and the Monash Institute of Cognitive and Clinical Neurosciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Carsten Murawski
- Department of Finance, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.
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Pokhvisneva I, Léger É, Meaney MJ, Silveira PP. Systematic Overestimation of Reflection Impulsivity in the Information Sampling Task: Age Dependency in Children. Biol Psychiatry 2018; 83:e33-e34. [PMID: 28189253 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2016.12.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Accepted: 12/01/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Irina Pokhvisneva
- Ludmer Centre for Neuroinformatics and Mental Health, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, Canada; Sackler Program for Epigenetics & Psychobiology, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Étienne Léger
- Ludmer Centre for Neuroinformatics and Mental Health, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, Canada; Sackler Program for Epigenetics & Psychobiology, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Michael J Meaney
- Ludmer Centre for Neuroinformatics and Mental Health, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, Canada; Sackler Program for Epigenetics & Psychobiology, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Patrícia Pelufo Silveira
- Ludmer Centre for Neuroinformatics and Mental Health, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, Canada; Sackler Program for Epigenetics & Psychobiology, McGill University, Montreal, Canada.
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13
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Clark L, Robbins TW. Reply to: Systematic Overestimation of Reflection Impulsivity in the Information Sampling Task. Biol Psychiatry 2017; 82:e31. [PMID: 27587265 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2016.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2016] [Accepted: 06/28/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Luke Clark
- Centre for Gambling Research at University of British Columbia, Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
| | - Trevor W Robbins
- Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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