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Charalambous EG, Mériaux SB, Guebels P, Muller CP, Leenen FAD, Elwenspoek MMC, Thiele I, Hertel J, Turner JD. The oral microbiome is associated with HPA axis response to a psychosocial stressor. Sci Rep 2024; 14:15841. [PMID: 38982178 PMCID: PMC11233668 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-66796-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Intense psychosocial stress during early life has a detrimental effect on health-disease balance in later life. Simultaneously, despite its sensitivity to stress, the developing microbiome contributes to long-term health. Following stress exposure, HPA-axis activation regulates the "fight or flight" response with the release of glucose and cortisol. Here, we investigated the interaction between the oral microbiome and the stress response. We used a cohort of 115 adults, mean age 24, who either experienced institutionalisation and adoption (n = 40) or were non-adopted controls (n = 75). Glucose and cortisol measurements were taken from participants following an extended socially evaluated cold pressor test (seCPT) at multiple time points. The cohort´s oral microbiome was profiled via 16S-V4 sequencing on microbial DNA from saliva and buccal samples. Using mixed-effect linear regressions, we identified 12 genera that exhibited an interaction with host's cortisol-glucose response to stress, strongly influencing intensity and clearance of cortisol and glucose following stress exposure. Particularly, the identified taxa influenced the glucose and cortisol release profiles and kinetics following seCPT exposure. In conclusion, our study provided evidence for the oral microbiome modifying the effect of stress on the HPA-axis and human metabolism, as shown in glucose-cortisol time series data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleftheria G Charalambous
- Immune Endocrine Epigenetics Research Group, Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 29, rue Henri Koch, 4354, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
- Faculty of Science, Technology and Medicine, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur Alzette, Luxembourg
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medicine Greifswald, Greisfwald, Germany
- Department of Psychology, University of Cyprus, 2109, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Sophie B Mériaux
- Immune Endocrine Epigenetics Research Group, Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 29, rue Henri Koch, 4354, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Pauline Guebels
- Immune Endocrine Epigenetics Research Group, Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 29, rue Henri Koch, 4354, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Claude P Muller
- Immune Endocrine Epigenetics Research Group, Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 29, rue Henri Koch, 4354, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Fleur A D Leenen
- Immune Endocrine Epigenetics Research Group, Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 29, rue Henri Koch, 4354, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Martha M C Elwenspoek
- Immune Endocrine Epigenetics Research Group, Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 29, rue Henri Koch, 4354, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Ines Thiele
- School of Medicine, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
- Ryan Institute, National University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
- Division of Microbiology, National University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
- APC Microbiome Ireland, Cork, Ireland
| | - Johannes Hertel
- Faculty of Science, Technology and Medicine, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur Alzette, Luxembourg
- German Center for Cardiovascular Diseases (DZHK), Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Jonathan D Turner
- Immune Endocrine Epigenetics Research Group, Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 29, rue Henri Koch, 4354, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg.
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Wu J, Shen H, Lv Y, He J, Xie X, Xu Z, Yang P, Qian W, Bai T, Hou X. Age over sex: evaluating gut microbiota differences in healthy Chinese populations. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1412991. [PMID: 38974029 PMCID: PMC11224521 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1412991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Age and gender have been recognized as two pivotal covariates affecting the composition of the gut microbiota. However, their mediated variations in microbiota seem to be inconsistent across different countries and races. In this study, 613 individuals, whom we referred to as the "healthy" population, were selected from 1,018 volunteers through rigorous selection using 16S rRNA sequencing. Three enterotypes were identified, namely, Escherichia-Shigella, mixture (Bacteroides and Faecalibacterium), and Prevotella. Moreover, 11 covariates that explain the differences in microbiota were determined, with age being the predominant factor. Furthermore, age-related differences in alpha diversity, beta diversity, and core genera were observed in our cohort. Remarkably, after adjusting for 10 covariates other than age, abundant genera that differed between age groups were demonstrated. In contrast, minimal differences in alpha diversity, beta diversity, and differentially abundant genera were observed between male and female individuals. Furthermore, we also demonstrated the age trajectories of several well-known beneficial genera, lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-producing genera, and short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs)-producing genera. Overall, our study further elucidated the effects mediated by age and gender on microbiota differences, which are of significant importance for a comprehensive understanding of the gut microbiome spectrum in healthy individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiacheng Wu
- Division of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Hexiao Shen
- School of Life Science, Hubei University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yongling Lv
- School of Life Science, Hubei University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Jing He
- Division of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xiaotian Xie
- Division of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Zhiyue Xu
- Division of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Pengcheng Yang
- Division of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Wei Qian
- Division of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Tao Bai
- Division of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xiaohua Hou
- Division of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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Gur TL, Hsiao EY. The Microbiome at the Interface of the Exposome and Risk for Psychiatric Disorders. Biol Psychiatry 2024; 95:298-299. [PMID: 38220434 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2023.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Tamar L Gur
- Department of Psychiatry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio; Department of Neuroscience, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio; Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio.
| | - Elaine Y Hsiao
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
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