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Lissaman R, Rajagopal S, Kearley J, Pasvanis S, Rajah MN. Menopause status- and sex-related differences in age associations with spatial context memory and white matter microstructure at midlife. Neurobiol Aging 2024; 141:151-159. [PMID: 38954878 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2024.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
Decline in spatial context memory emerges in midlife, the time when most females transition from pre- to post-menopause. Recent evidence suggests that, among post-menopausal females, advanced age is associated with functional brain alterations and lower spatial context memory. However, it is unknown whether similar effects are evident for white matter (WM) and, moreover, whether such effects contribute to sex differences at midlife. To address this, we conducted a study on 96 cognitively unimpaired middle-aged adults (30 males, 32 pre-menopausal females, 34 post-menopausal females). Spatial context memory was assessed using a face-location memory paradigm, while WM microstructure was assessed using diffusion tensor imaging. Behaviorally, advanced age was associated with lower spatial context memory in post-menopausal females but not pre-menopausal females or males. Additionally, advanced age was associated with microstructural variability in predominantly frontal WM (e.g., anterior corona radiata, genu of corpus callosum), which was related to lower spatial context memory among post-menopausal females. Our findings suggest that post-menopausal status enhances vulnerability to age effects on the brain's WM and episodic memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rikki Lissaman
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
| | | | - Julia Kearley
- Department of Psychology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | | | - Maria Natasha Rajah
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; Department of Psychology, Toronto Metropolitan University, Toronto, ON, Canada
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2
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Crestol A, Rajagopal S, Lissaman R, LaPlume AA, Pasvanis S, Olsen RK, Einstein G, Jacobs EG, Rajah MN. Menopause Status and Within-Group Differences in Chronological Age Affect the Functional Neural Correlates of Spatial Context Memory in Middle-Aged Females. J Neurosci 2023; 43:8756-8768. [PMID: 37903593 PMCID: PMC10727179 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0663-23.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Reductions in the ability to encode and retrieve past experiences in rich spatial contextual detail (episodic memory) are apparent by midlife-a time when most females experience spontaneous menopause. Yet, little is known about how menopause status affects episodic memory-related brain activity at encoding and retrieval in middle-aged premenopausal and postmenopausal females, and whether any observed group differences in brain activity and memory performance correlate with chronological age within group. We conducted an event-related task fMRI study of episodic memory for spatial context to address this knowledge gap. Multivariate behavioral partial least squares was used to investigate how chronological age and retrieval accuracy correlated with brain activity in 31 premenopausal females (age range, 39.55-53.30 years; mean age, 44.28 years; SD age, 3.12 years) and 41 postmenopausal females (age range, 46.70-65.14 years; mean age, 57.56 years; SD age, 3.93 years). We found that postmenopausal status, and advanced age within postmenopause, was associated with lower spatial context memory. The fMRI analysis showed that only in postmenopausal females, advanced age was correlated with decreased activity in occipitotemporal, parahippocampal, and inferior parietal cortices during encoding and retrieval, and poorer spatial context memory performance. In contrast, only premenopausal females exhibited an overlap in encoding and retrieval activity in angular gyrus, midline cortical regions, and prefrontal cortex, which correlated with better spatial context retrieval accuracy. These results highlight how menopause status and chronological age, nested within menopause group, affect episodic memory and its neural correlates at midlife.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT This is the first fMRI study to examine how premenopause and postmenopause status affect the neural correlates of episodic memory encoding and retrieval, and how chronological age contributes to any observed group similarities and differences. We found that both menopause status (endocrine age) and chronological age affect spatial context memory and its neural correlates. Menopause status directly affected the direction of age-related and performance-related correlations with brain activity in inferior parietal, parahippocampal, and occipitotemporal cortices across encoding and retrieval. Moreover, we found that only premenopausal females exhibited cortical reinstatement of encoding-related activity in midline cortical, prefrontal, and angular gyrus, at retrieval. This suggests that spatial context memory abilities may rely on distinct brain systems at premenopause compared with postmenopause.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arielle Crestol
- Integrated Program in Neuroscience, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec H3A 1A1, Canada
| | | | - Rikki Lissaman
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Verdun, Quebec H4H 1R3, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec H3A 1A1, Canada
| | - Annalise A LaPlume
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Verdun, Quebec H4H 1R3, Canada
- Department of Psychology, Toronto Metropolitan University, Toronto, Ontario M5B 2K3, Canada
| | | | - Rosanna K Olsen
- Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest Centre and University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M6A 2E1, Canada
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G3, Canada
| | - Gillian Einstein
- Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest Centre and University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M6A 2E1, Canada
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G3, Canada
| | - Emily G Jacobs
- Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106-9660
| | - M Natasha Rajah
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Verdun, Quebec H4H 1R3, Canada
- Department of Psychology, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec H3A 1G1, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec H3A 1A1, Canada
- Department of Psychology, Toronto Metropolitan University, Toronto, Ontario M5B 2K3, Canada
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3
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Šoškić A, Jovanović V, Styles SJ, Kappenman ES, Ković V. How to do Better N400 Studies: Reproducibility, Consistency and Adherence to Research Standards in the Existing Literature. Neuropsychol Rev 2021; 32:577-600. [PMID: 34374003 PMCID: PMC9381463 DOI: 10.1007/s11065-021-09513-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2019] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Given the complexity of ERP recording and processing pipeline, the resulting variability of methodological options, and the potential for these decisions to influence study outcomes, it is important to understand how ERP studies are conducted in practice and to what extent researchers are transparent about their data collection and analysis procedures. The review gives an overview of methodology reporting in a sample of 132 ERP papers, published between January 1980 – June 2018 in journals included in two large databases: Web of Science and PubMed. Because ERP methodology partly depends on the study design, we focused on a well-established component (the N400) in the most commonly assessed population (healthy neurotypical adults), in one of its most common modalities (visual images). The review provides insights into 73 properties of study design, data pre-processing, measurement, statistics, visualization of results, and references to supplemental information across studies within the same subfield. For each of the examined methodological decisions, the degree of consistency, clarity of reporting and deviations from the guidelines for best practice were examined. Overall, the results show that each study had a unique approach to ERP data recording, processing and analysis, and that at least some details were missing from all papers. In the review, we highlight the most common reporting omissions and deviations from established recommendations, as well as areas in which there was the least consistency. Additionally, we provide guidance for a priori selection of the N400 measurement window and electrode locations based on the results of previous studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anđela Šoškić
- Teacher Education Faculty, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia. .,Laboratory for Neurocognition and Applied Cognition, Department of Psychology, Faculty of Philosophy, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Vojislav Jovanović
- Laboratory for Neurocognition and Applied Cognition, Department of Psychology, Faculty of Philosophy, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Suzy J Styles
- Division of Psychology, School of Social Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore.,Centre for Research and Development On Learning (CRADLE), Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore.,Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (SICS), A*Star Research Entities, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Emily S Kappenman
- Department of Psychology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Vanja Ković
- Laboratory for Neurocognition and Applied Cognition, Department of Psychology, Faculty of Philosophy, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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4
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Interactions of Emotion and Self-reference in Source Memory: An ERP Study. COGNITIVE AFFECTIVE & BEHAVIORAL NEUROSCIENCE 2021; 21:172-190. [PMID: 33608840 DOI: 10.3758/s13415-020-00858-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The way emotional information is encoded (e.g., deciding whether it is self-related or not) has been found to affect source memory. However, few studies have addressed how the emotional quality and self-referential properties of a stimulus interactively modulate brain responses during stimulus encoding and source memory recognition. In the current study, 22 participants completed five study-test cycles with negative, neutral, and positive words encoded in self-referential versus non-self-referential conditions, while event-related potentials of the electroencephalogram were recorded. An advantage of self-referential processing in source memory performance, reflected in increased recognition accuracy, was shown for neutral and positive words. At the electrophysiological level, self-referential words elicited increased amplitudes in later processing stages during encoding (700-1,200 ms) and were associated with the emergence of old/new effects in the 300-500 ms latency window linked to familiarity effects. In the 500-800 ms latency window, old/new effects emerged for all valence conditions except for negative words studied in the non-self-referential condition. Negative self-referential words also elicited a greater mobilization of post-retrieval monitoring processes, reflected in an enhanced mean amplitude in the 800-1,200 ms latency window. Together, the current findings suggest that valence and self-reference interactively modulate source memory. Specifically, negative self-related information is more likely to interfere with the recollection of source memory features.
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5
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Williams ME, Graves LV, Van Etten EJ, Holden HM, Delano-Wood L, Bondi MW, Corey-Bloom J, Delis DC, Gilbert PE. The emergence of age-related changes in recognition memory in healthy middle-aged adults using the CVLT-II. AGING NEUROPSYCHOLOGY AND COGNITION 2019; 27:854-863. [PMID: 31809687 DOI: 10.1080/13825585.2019.1700897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Although age-related memory differences between young and older adults have been well documented, fewer studies have investigated memory changes in middle age. We examined the performance of healthy middle-aged adults (40-55 years of age; n = 32) in relation to healthy young (18-25 years of age; n = 57) and older adults (65+ years of age; n = 55) on variations of recognition discriminability (RD) indices derived from the California Verbal Learning Test-Second Edition (CVLT-II). Middle-aged adults performed significantly worse (ps < .05) than young adults on multiple RD indices that incorporate semantically related distractor items, suggesting memory changes in middle age may be associated with increased susceptibility to semantic interference. Moreover, middle-aged adults performed comparably to older adults across all RD indices, indicating the recognition profile of middle-aged adults on RD indices more closely resembles that of older adults than young adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mckenna E Williams
- Department of Psychology, San Diego State University , San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Lisa V Graves
- Department of Psychology, San Diego State University , San Diego, CA, USA.,Department of Clinical Psychology, San Diego State University/University of California San Diego , San Diego/La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Emily J Van Etten
- Department of Psychology, San Diego State University , San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Heather M Holden
- Department of Psychology, San Diego State University , San Diego, CA, USA.,Department of Clinical Psychology, San Diego State University/University of California San Diego , San Diego/La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Lisa Delano-Wood
- Department of Clinical Psychology, San Diego State University/University of California San Diego , San Diego/La Jolla, CA, USA.,VA San Diego Healthcare System , La Jolla, CA, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego School of Medicine , La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Mark W Bondi
- Department of Clinical Psychology, San Diego State University/University of California San Diego , San Diego/La Jolla, CA, USA.,VA San Diego Healthcare System , La Jolla, CA, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego School of Medicine , La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Jody Corey-Bloom
- Department of Clinical Psychology, San Diego State University/University of California San Diego , San Diego/La Jolla, CA, USA.,Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego , La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Dean C Delis
- Department of Clinical Psychology, San Diego State University/University of California San Diego , San Diego/La Jolla, CA, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego School of Medicine , La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Paul E Gilbert
- Department of Psychology, San Diego State University , San Diego, CA, USA.,Department of Clinical Psychology, San Diego State University/University of California San Diego , San Diego/La Jolla, CA, USA
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6
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Subramaniapillai S, Rajagopal S, Elshiekh A, Pasvanis S, Ankudowich E, Rajah MN. Sex Differences in the Neural Correlates of Spatial Context Memory Decline in Healthy Aging. J Cogn Neurosci 2019; 31:1895-1916. [DOI: 10.1162/jocn_a_01455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Aging is associated with episodic memory decline and alterations in memory-related brain function. However, it remains unclear if age-related memory decline is associated with similar patterns of brain aging in women and men. In the current task fMRI study, we tested the hypothesis that there are sex differences in the effect of age and memory performance on brain activity during episodic encoding and retrieval of face–location associations (spatial context memory). Forty-one women and 41 men between the ages of 21 and 76 years participated in this study. Between-group multivariate partial least squares analysis of the fMRI data was conducted to directly test for sex differences and similarities in age-related and performance-related patterns of brain activity. Our behavioral analysis indicated no significant sex differences in retrieval accuracy on the fMRI tasks. In relation to performance effects, we observed similarities and differences in how retrieval accuracy related to brain activity in women and men. Both sexes activated dorsal and lateral PFC, inferior parietal cortex, and left parahippocampal gyrus at encoding, and this supported subsequent memory performance. However, there were sex differences in retrieval activity in these same regions and in lateral occipital-temporal and ventrolateral PFC. In relation to age effects, we observed sex differences in the effect of age on memory-related activity within PFC, inferior parietal cortex, parahippocampal gyrus, and lateral occipital-temporal cortices. Overall, our findings suggest that the neural correlates of age-related spatial context memory decline differ in women compared with men.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - M. Natasha Rajah
- McGill University
- Brain Imaging Centre, Douglas Institute Research Centre, Verdun, QC, Canada
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7
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Rajah MN, Wallace LMK, Ankudowich E, Yu EH, Swierkot A, Patel R, Chakravarty MM, Naumova D, Pruessner J, Joober R, Gauthier S, Pasvanis S. Family history and APOE4 risk for Alzheimer's disease impact the neural correlates of episodic memory by early midlife. NEUROIMAGE-CLINICAL 2017; 14:760-774. [PMID: 28413778 PMCID: PMC5385589 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2017.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2016] [Revised: 03/29/2017] [Accepted: 03/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Episodic memory impairment is a consistent, pronounced deficit in pre-clinical stages of late-onset Alzheimer's disease (AD). Individuals with risk factors for AD exhibit altered brain function several decades prior to the onset of AD-related symptoms. In the current event-related fMRI study of spatial context memory we tested the hypothesis that middle-aged adults (MA; 40–58 yrs) with a family history of late onset AD (MA+ FH), or a combined + FH and apolipoprotein E ε4 allele risk factors for AD (MA+ FH + APOE4), will exhibit differences in encoding and retrieval-related brain activity, compared to − FH − APOE4 MA controls. We also hypothesized that the two at-risk MA groups will exhibit distinct patterns of correlation between brain activity and memory performance, compared to controls. To test these hypotheses we conducted multivariate task, and behavior, partial least squares analysis of fMRI data obtained during successful context encoding and retrieval. Our results indicate that even though there were no significant group differences in context memory performance, there were significant differences in brain activity and brain-behavior correlations involving the hippocampus, inferior parietal cortex, cingulate, and precuneus cortex in MA with AD risk factors, compared to controls. In addition, we observed that brain activity and brain-behavior correlations in anterior-medial PFC and in ventral visual cortex differentiated the two MA risk groups from each other, and from MAcontrols. Our results indicate that functional differences in episodic memory-related regions are present by early midlife in adults with + FH and + APOE-4 risk factors for late onset AD, compared to middle-aged controls. FMRI study of context memory in middle-aged adults (MA) with vs. without specific AD risk factors MA with vs. without AD risk factors show different angular gyrus, cingulate and precuneus activity patterns. MA with AD risk factors showed increased hippocampus activity at encoding, compared to controls. Medial PFC and visual cortex function differentiated + FH vs. + APOE4 MA risk groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- M N Rajah
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Canada.,Brain Imaging Centre, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Canada
| | - L M K Wallace
- Brain Imaging Centre, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Canada.,Integrated Program in Neuroscience, McGill University, Canada
| | - E Ankudowich
- Brain Imaging Centre, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Canada.,Integrated Program in Neuroscience, McGill University, Canada
| | - E H Yu
- Brain Imaging Centre, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Canada.,Integrated Program in Neuroscience, McGill University, Canada
| | - A Swierkot
- Brain Imaging Centre, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Canada.,Integrated Program in Neuroscience, McGill University, Canada
| | - R Patel
- Brain Imaging Centre, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Canada.,Department of Biological and Biomedical Engineering, McGill University, Canada
| | - M M Chakravarty
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Canada.,Brain Imaging Centre, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Canada.,Department of Biological and Biomedical Engineering, McGill University, Canada
| | - D Naumova
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Canada.,Integrated Program in Neuroscience, McGill University, Canada
| | - J Pruessner
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Canada.,Brain Imaging Centre, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Canada
| | - R Joober
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Canada
| | - S Gauthier
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Canada
| | - S Pasvanis
- Brain Imaging Centre, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Canada
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8
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Preconditioning of Spatial and Auditory Cues: Roles of the Hippocampus, Frontal Cortex, and Cue-Directed Attention. Brain Sci 2016; 6:brainsci6040063. [PMID: 27999366 PMCID: PMC5187577 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci6040063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2016] [Revised: 12/07/2016] [Accepted: 12/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Loss of function of the hippocampus or frontal cortex is associated with reduced performance on memory tasks, in which subjects are incidentally exposed to cues at specific places in the environment and are subsequently asked to recollect the location at which the cue was experienced. Here, we examined the roles of the rodent hippocampus and frontal cortex in cue-directed attention during encoding of memory for the location of a single incidentally experienced cue. During a spatial sensory preconditioning task, rats explored an elevated platform while an auditory cue was incidentally presented at one corner. The opposite corner acted as an unpaired control location. The rats demonstrated recollection of location by avoiding the paired corner after the auditory cue was in turn paired with shock. Damage to either the dorsal hippocampus or the frontal cortex impaired this memory ability. However, we also found that hippocampal lesions enhanced attention directed towards the cue during the encoding phase, while frontal cortical lesions reduced cue-directed attention. These results suggest that the deficit in spatial sensory preconditioning caused by frontal cortical damage may be mediated by inattention to the location of cues during the latent encoding phase, while deficits following hippocampal damage must be related to other mechanisms such as generation of neural plasticity.
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9
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Unitization improves source memory in older adults: An event-related potential study. Neuropsychologia 2016; 89:232-244. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2016.06.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2016] [Revised: 06/20/2016] [Accepted: 06/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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10
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Ankudowich E, Pasvanis S, Rajah MN. Changes in the modulation of brain activity during context encoding vs. context retrieval across the adult lifespan. Neuroimage 2016; 139:103-113. [PMID: 27311641 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2016.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2016] [Revised: 05/25/2016] [Accepted: 06/12/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Age-related deficits in context memory may arise from neural changes underlying both encoding and retrieval of context information. Although age-related functional changes in the brain regions supporting context memory begin at midlife, little is known about the functional changes with age that support context memory encoding and retrieval across the adult lifespan. We investigated how age-related functional changes support context memory across the adult lifespan by assessing linear changes with age during successful context encoding and retrieval. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), we compared young, middle-aged and older adults during both encoding and retrieval of spatial and temporal details of faces. Multivariate behavioral partial least squares (B-PLS) analysis of fMRI data identified a pattern of whole-brain activity that correlated with a linear age term and a pattern of whole-brain activity that was associated with an age-by-memory phase (encoding vs. retrieval) interaction. Further investigation of this latter effect identified three main findings: 1) reduced phase-related modulation in bilateral fusiform gyrus, left superior/anterior frontal gyrus and right inferior frontal gyrus that started at midlife and continued to older age, 2) reduced phase-related modulation in bilateral inferior parietal lobule that occurred only in older age, and 3) changes in phase-related modulation in older but not younger adults in left middle frontal gyrus and bilateral parahippocampal gyrus that was indicative of age-related over-recruitment. We conclude that age-related reductions in context memory arise in midlife and are related to changes in perceptual recollection and changes in fronto-parietal retrieval monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Ankudowich
- Integrated Program in Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Canada; Brain Imaging Centre, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Canada
| | - S Pasvanis
- Brain Imaging Centre, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Canada
| | - M N Rajah
- Brain Imaging Centre, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Canada.
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11
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James T, Strunk J, Arndt J, Duarte A. Age-related deficits in selective attention during encoding increase demands on episodic reconstruction during context retrieval: An ERP study. Neuropsychologia 2016; 86:66-79. [PMID: 27094851 PMCID: PMC5319869 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2016.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2015] [Revised: 03/15/2016] [Accepted: 04/09/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Previous event-related potential (ERP) and neuroimaging evidence suggests that directing attention toward single item-context associations compared to intra-item features at encoding improves context memory performance and reduces demands on strategic retrieval operations in young and older adults. In everyday situations, however, there are multiple event features competing for our attention. It is not currently known how selectively attending to one contextual feature while attempting to ignore another influences context memory performance and the processes that support successful retrieval in the young and old. We investigated this issue in the current ERP study. Young and older participants studied pictures of objects in the presence of two contextual features: a color and a scene, and their attention was directed to the object's relationship with one of those contexts. Participants made context memory decisions for both attended and unattended contexts and rated their confidence in those decisions. Behavioral results showed that while both groups were generally successful in applying selective attention during context encoding, older adults were less confident in their context memory decisions for attended features and showed greater dependence in context memory accuracy for attended and unattended contextual features (i.e., hyper-binding). ERP results were largely consistent between age groups but older adults showed a more pronounced late posterior negativity (LPN) implicated in episodic reconstruction processes. We conclude that age-related suppression deficits during encoding result in reduced selectivity in context memory, thereby increasing subsequent demands on episodic reconstruction processes when sought after details are not readily retrieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taylor James
- School of Psychology, Georgia Institute of Technology, 654 Cherry Street NW, Atlanta, GA 30332-0170, USA.
| | - Jonathan Strunk
- School of Psychology, Georgia Institute of Technology, 654 Cherry Street NW, Atlanta, GA 30332-0170, USA
| | - Jason Arndt
- Department of Psychology, Middlebury College, 276 Bicentennial Way, Middlebury, VT 05753-6006, USA
| | - Audrey Duarte
- School of Psychology, Georgia Institute of Technology, 654 Cherry Street NW, Atlanta, GA 30332-0170, USA
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12
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Feurra M, Galli G, Pavone EF, Rossi A, Rossi S. Frequency-specific insight into short-term memory capacity. J Neurophysiol 2016; 116:153-8. [PMID: 27121583 DOI: 10.1152/jn.01080.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2015] [Accepted: 04/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The digit span is one of the most widely used memory tests in clinical and experimental neuropsychology for reliably measuring short-term memory capacity. In the forward version, sequences of digits of increasing length have to be reproduced in the order in which they are presented, whereas in the backward version items must be reproduced in the reversed order. Here, we assessed whether transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) increases the memory span for digits of young and midlife adults. Imperceptibly weak electrical currents in the alpha (10 Hz), beta (20 Hz), theta (5 Hz), and gamma (40 Hz) range, as well as a sham stimulation, were delivered over the left posterior parietal cortex, a cortical region thought to sustain maintenance processes in short-term memory through oscillatory brain activity in the beta range. We showed a frequency-specific effect of beta-tACS that robustly increased the forward memory span of young, but not middle-aged, healthy individuals. The effect correlated with age: the younger the subjects, the greater the benefit arising from parietal beta stimulation. Our results provide evidence of a short-term memory capacity improvement in young adults by online frequency-specific tACS application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Feurra
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, Unit of Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology, Brain Investigation and Neuromodulation Laboratory (Si-BIN Lab), Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria of Siena, Policlinico Le Scotte, Siena, Italy; School of Psychology, Centre for Cognition and Decision Making, National Research University Higher School of Economics, Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia;
| | - Giulia Galli
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, Unit of Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology, Brain Investigation and Neuromodulation Laboratory (Si-BIN Lab), Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria of Siena, Policlinico Le Scotte, Siena, Italy; Department of Psychology, Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences, Kingston University, Kingston Upon Thames, United Kingdom; and
| | - Enea Francesco Pavone
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, Unit of Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology, Brain Investigation and Neuromodulation Laboratory (Si-BIN Lab), Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria of Siena, Policlinico Le Scotte, Siena, Italy; Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandro Rossi
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, Unit of Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology, Brain Investigation and Neuromodulation Laboratory (Si-BIN Lab), Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria of Siena, Policlinico Le Scotte, Siena, Italy
| | - Simone Rossi
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, Unit of Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology, Brain Investigation and Neuromodulation Laboratory (Si-BIN Lab), Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria of Siena, Policlinico Le Scotte, Siena, Italy
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Dulas MR, Duarte A. Age-related changes in overcoming proactive interference in associative memory: The role of PFC-mediated executive control processes at retrieval. Neuroimage 2016; 132:116-128. [PMID: 26879623 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2016.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2015] [Revised: 01/06/2016] [Accepted: 02/08/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Behavioral evidence has shown age-related impairments in overcoming proactive interference in memory, but it is unclear what underlies this deficit. Imaging studies in the young suggest overcoming interference may require several executive control processes supported by the ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (VLPFC) and dorsolateral PFC (DLPFC). The present functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study investigated whether age-related changes in dissociable executive control processes underlie deficits in overcoming proactive interference in associative memory during retrieval. Participants were tasked with remembering which associate (face or scene) objects were paired with most recently during study, under conditions of high or low proactive interference. Behavioral results demonstrated that, as interference increased, memory performance decreased similarly across groups, with slight associative memory deficits in older adults. Imaging results demonstrated that, across groups, left mid-VLPFC showed increasing activity with increasing interference, though activity did not distinguish correct from incorrect associative memory responses, suggesting this region may not directly serve in successful resolution of proactive interference, per se. Under conditions of high interference, older adults showed reduced associative memory accuracy effects in the DLPFC and anterior PFC. These results suggest that age-related PFC dysfunction may not be ubiquitous. Executive processes supported by ventral regions that detect mnemonic interference may be less affected than processes supported by dorsal and anterior regions that directly resolve interference.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael R Dulas
- School of Psychology, Georgia Institute of Technology, 654 Cherry Street, Atlanta, GA 30332-0170, USA.
| | - Audrey Duarte
- School of Psychology, Georgia Institute of Technology, 654 Cherry Street, Atlanta, GA 30332-0170, USA
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Sale JEM, Gignac MA, Hawker G, Beaton D, Frankel L, Bogoch E, Elliot-Gibson V. Patients do not have a consistent understanding of high risk for future fracture: a qualitative study of patients from a post-fracture secondary prevention program. Osteoporos Int 2016; 27:65-73. [PMID: 26115943 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-015-3214-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2015] [Accepted: 06/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED We examined fracture patients' understanding of "high" fracture risk after they were screened through a post-fracture secondary prevention program and educated about their risk verbally, numerically, and graphically. Our findings suggest that messages about fracture risk are confusing to patients and need to be modified to better suit patients' needs. INTRODUCTION The aim of this study was to examine fracture patients' understanding of high risk for future fracture. METHODS We conducted an in-depth qualitative study in patients who were high risk for future fracture. Patients were screened through the Osteoporosis Exemplary Care Program where they were educated about fracture risk: verbally told they were "high risk" for future fracture, given a numerical prompt that they had a >20 % chance of future fracture over the next 10 years, and given a visual graph highlighting the "high risk" segment. This information about fracture risk was also relayed to patients' primary care physicians (PCPs) and specialists. Participants were interviewed at baseline (within six months of fracture) and follow-up (after visit with a PCP and/or specialist) and asked to recall their understanding of risk and whether it applied to them. RESULTS We recruited 27 patients (20 females, 7 males) aged 51-87 years old. Fractures were sustained at the wrist (n = 7), hip (n = 7), vertebrae (n = 2), and multiple or other locations (n = 11). While most participants recalled they had been labeled as "high risk" (verbal cue), most were unable to correctly recall the other elements of risk (numerical, graphical). Further, approximately half of the patients who recalled they were high risk did not believe that high risk applied, or had meaning, to them. Participants also had difficulty explaining what they were at risk for. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that health care providers' messages about fracture risk are confusing to patients and that these messages need to be modified to better suit patients' needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- J E M Sale
- Musculoskeletal Health and Outcomes Research, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, 30 Bond Street, Toronto, ON, M5B 1W8, Canada.
- Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
| | - M A Gignac
- Institute for Work and Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - G Hawker
- Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Osteoporosis Research Program, Women's College Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - D Beaton
- Musculoskeletal Health and Outcomes Research, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, 30 Bond Street, Toronto, ON, M5B 1W8, Canada
- Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - L Frankel
- Musculoskeletal Health and Outcomes Research, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, 30 Bond Street, Toronto, ON, M5B 1W8, Canada
| | - E Bogoch
- Mobility Program, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - V Elliot-Gibson
- Musculoskeletal Health and Outcomes Research, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, 30 Bond Street, Toronto, ON, M5B 1W8, Canada
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Cansino S, Trejo-Morales P, Estrada-Manilla C, Pasaye-Alcaraz EH, Aguilar-Castañeda E, Salgado-Lujambio P, Sosa-Ortiz AL. Brain activity during source memory retrieval in young, middle-aged and old adults. Brain Res 2015; 1618:168-80. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2015.05.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2014] [Revised: 04/06/2015] [Accepted: 05/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Kwon D, Maillet D, Pasvanis S, Ankudowich E, Grady CL, Rajah MN. Context Memory Decline in Middle Aged Adults is Related to Changes in Prefrontal Cortex Function. Cereb Cortex 2015; 26:2440-60. [PMID: 25882039 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhv068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The ability to encode and retrieve spatial and temporal contextual details of episodic memories (context memory) begins to decline at midlife. In the current study, event-related fMRI was used to investigate the neural correlates of context memory decline in healthy middle aged adults (MA) compared with young adults (YA). Participants were scanned while performing easy and hard versions of spatial and temporal context memory tasks. Scans were obtained at encoding and retrieval. Significant reductions in context memory retrieval accuracy were observed in MA, compared with YA. The fMRI results revealed that overall, both groups exhibited similar patterns of brain activity in parahippocampal cortex, ventral occipito-temporal regions and prefrontal cortex (PFC) during encoding. In contrast, at retrieval, there were group differences in ventral occipito-temporal and PFC activity, due to these regions being more activated in MA, compared with YA. Furthermore, only in YA, increased encoding activity in ventrolateral PFC, and increased retrieval activity in occipital cortex, predicted increased retrieval accuracy. In MA, increased retrieval activity in anterior PFC predicted increased retrieval accuracy. These results suggest that there are changes in PFC contributions to context memory at midlife.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Kwon
- Department of Neuroscience, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada H3A 2T5
| | - David Maillet
- Department of Neuroscience, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada H3A 2T5
| | - Stamatoula Pasvanis
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute and Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada H3A 1A1
| | | | - Cheryl L Grady
- Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada M6A 2E
| | - M Natasha Rajah
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute and Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada H3A 1A1
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17
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Shapiro AR, Levy-Gigi E. Susceptibility to retroactive interference: The effect of context as a function of age and cognition. Memory 2015; 24:399-408. [DOI: 10.1080/09658211.2015.1011168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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18
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Komes J, Schweinberger SR, Wiese H. Fluency affects source memory for familiar names in younger and older adults: Evidence from event-related brain potentials. Neuroimage 2014; 92:90-105. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2014.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2013] [Revised: 01/27/2014] [Accepted: 02/03/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
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Wolk DA, Manning K, Kliot D, Arnold SE. Recognition memory in amnestic-mild cognitive impairment: insights from event-related potentials. Front Aging Neurosci 2013; 5:89. [PMID: 24376418 PMCID: PMC3858817 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2013.00089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2013] [Accepted: 11/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Episodic memory loss is the hallmark cognitive dysfunction associated with Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Amnestic mild cognitive impairment (a-MCI) frequently represents a transitional stage between normal aging and early AD. A better understanding of the qualitative features of memory loss in a-MCI may have important implications for predicting those most likely to harbor AD-related pathology and for disease monitoring. Dual process models of memory argue that recognition memory is subserved by the dissociable processes of recollection and familiarity. Work studying recognition memory in a-MCI from this perspective has been controversial, particularly with regard to the integrity of familiarity. Event-related potentials (ERPs) offer an alternative means for assessing these functions without the associated assumptions of behavioral estimation methods. ERPs were recorded while a-MCI patients and cognitively normal (CN) age-matched adults performed a recognition memory task. When retrieval success was measured (hits versus correct rejections) in which performance was matched by group, a-MCI patients displayed similar neural correlates to that of the CN group, including modulation of the FN400 and the late positive complex (LPC) which are thought to index familiarity and recollection, respectively. Alternatively, when the integrity of these components was measured based on retrieval attempts (studied versus unstudied items), a-MCI patients displayed a reduced FN400 and LPC. Furthermore, modulation of the FN400 correlated with a behavioral estimate of familiarity and the LPC with a behavioral estimate of recollection obtained in a separate experiment in the same individuals, consistent with the proposed mappings of these indices. These results support a global decline of recognition memory in a-MCI, which suggests that the memory loss of prodromal AD may be qualitatively distinct from normal aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Wolk
- Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia PA, USA ; Penn Memory Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia PA, USA
| | - Katharine Manning
- Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia PA, USA ; Penn Memory Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia PA, USA
| | - Daria Kliot
- Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia PA, USA ; Penn Memory Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia PA, USA
| | - Steven E Arnold
- Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia PA, USA ; Penn Memory Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia PA, USA ; Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia PA, USA
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Dulas MR, Duarte A. The influence of directed attention at encoding on source memory retrieval in the young and old: An ERP study. Brain Res 2013; 1500:55-71. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2013.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2012] [Revised: 01/10/2013] [Accepted: 01/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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