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Cai J, Xie M, Liang S, Gong J, Deng W, Guo W, Ma X, Sham PC, Wang Q, Li T. Dysfunction of thalamocortical circuits in early-onset schizophrenia. Cereb Cortex 2024; 34:bhae313. [PMID: 39106176 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhae313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Revised: 06/30/2024] [Accepted: 07/21/2024] [Indexed: 08/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have demonstrated that the thalamus is involved in multiple functional circuits in participants with schizophrenia. However, less is known about the thalamocortical circuit in the rare subtype of early-onset schizophrenia. A total of 110 participants with early-onset schizophrenia (47 antipsychotic-naive patients) and 70 matched healthy controls were recruited and underwent resting-state functional and diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging scans. A data-driven parcellation method that combined the high spatial resolution of diffusion magnetic resonance imaging and the high sensitivity of functional magnetic resonance imaging was used to divide the thalamus. Next, the functional connectivity between each thalamic subdivision and the cortex/cerebellum was investigated. Compared to healthy controls, individuals with early-onset schizophrenia exhibited hypoconnectivity between subdivisions of the thalamus and the frontoparietal network, visual network, ventral attention network, somatomotor network and cerebellum, and hyperconnectivity between subdivisions of thalamus and the parahippocampal and temporal gyrus, which were included in limbic network. The functional connectivity between the right posterior cingulate cortex and 1 subdivision of the thalamus (region of interest 1) was positively correlated with the general psychopathology scale score. This study showed that the specific thalamocortical dysconnection in individuals with early-onset schizophrenia involves the prefrontal, auditory and visual cortices, and cerebellum. This study identified thalamocortical connectivity as a potential biomarker and treatment target for early-onset schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Cai
- Mental Health Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, No. 28th Dianxin Nan Str. Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Min Xie
- Mental Health Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, No. 28th Dianxin Nan Str. Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Sugai Liang
- Affiliated Mental Health Centre and Hangzhou Seventh People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No. 305th Tianmushan Road, Xihu District, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310013, China
| | - Jinnan Gong
- School of Computer Science, Chengdu University of Information Technology, No. 2006th, Xiyuan Road, Pidu District, Chengdu, Sichuan 611700, China
| | - Wei Deng
- Affiliated Mental Health Centre and Hangzhou Seventh People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No. 305th Tianmushan Road, Xihu District, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310013, China
| | - Wanjun Guo
- Affiliated Mental Health Centre and Hangzhou Seventh People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No. 305th Tianmushan Road, Xihu District, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310013, China
| | - Xiaohong Ma
- Mental Health Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, No. 28th Dianxin Nan Str. Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Pak C Sham
- Department of Psychiatry, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Central and Western District, Hong Kong, Special Administrative Region, 999077, China
- Centre for PanorOmic Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Central and Western District, Hong Kong, Special Administrative Region, 999077, China
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Central and Western District, Hong Kong, Special Administrative Region, 999077, China
| | - Qiang Wang
- Mental Health Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, No. 28th Dianxin Nan Str. Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Tao Li
- Affiliated Mental Health Centre and Hangzhou Seventh People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No. 305th Tianmushan Road, Xihu District, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310013, China
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Impaired interhemispheric synchrony in Parkinson's disease patients with apathy. J Affect Disord 2022; 318:283-290. [PMID: 36096372 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2022.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Apathy is a common non-motor symptom in Parkinson's disease (PD), yet the neural mechanism remains unknown. It has been reported that the lateralization of dopamine levels is correlated with apathetic symptoms. We aimed to ascertain the role of lateralization in the neuropathogenesis of apathy in PD. METHODS Twenty-six apathetic PD patients (PD-A), twenty-seven nonapathetic PD patients (PD-NA), and twenty-three healthy controls (HCs) were recruited. All subjects underwent T1-weighted and resting state functional MRI scanning during OFF medication state. Voxel-mirrored Homotopic Connectivity (VMHC) and asymmetry voxel-based morphometry (asymmetry VBM) analysis were applied to detect the synchrony of homotopic connections between hemispheres and grey matter asymmetry index. RESULTS Compared with both PD-NA and HCs groups, the PD-A group showed excessively decreased z-VMHC values in the nucleus accumbens (NAcc) and putamen. Additionally, both PD subgroups exhibited decreased z-VMHC values in the cerebellum lobule VIII compared with controls. However, no corresponding alteration in grey matter asymmetry index was found. Further, a negative correlation between the z-VMHC values of the NAcc and the Apathy Scale (AS) was confirmed in the PD-A group. Meanwhile, the same relationship was also confirmed between the putamen and AS. Notably, ROC curve analyses uncovered that the z-VMHC values of the NAcc and putamen could be a potential neuroimaging feature discerning apathetic PD patient, respectively. LIMITATIONS This is a cross-sectional study. CONCLUSION Our findings demonstrated that the asymmetric functional connectivity in the mesocorticolimbic and nigrostriatal systems might induce the pathophysiological mechanisms of apathy in PD.
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The central executive network and executive function in healthy and persons with schizophrenia groups: a meta-analysis of structural and functional MRI. Brain Imaging Behav 2021; 16:1451-1464. [PMID: 34775552 DOI: 10.1007/s11682-021-00589-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/17/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
This meta-analysis evaluated the extent to which executive function can be understood with structural and functional magnetic resonance imaging. Studies included structural in schizophrenia (k = 8; n = 241) and healthy controls (k = 12; n = 1660), and functional in schizophrenia (k = 4; n = 104) and healthy controls (k = 12; n = 712). Results revealed a positive association in the brain behavior relationship when pooled across schizophrenia and control samples for structural (pr = 0.27) and functional (pr = 0.29) modalities. Subgroup analyses revealed no significant difference for functional neuroimaging (pr = .43, 95%CI = -.08-.77, p = .088) but with structural neuroimaging (pr = .37, 95%CI = -.08-.69, p = .015) the association to executive functions is lower in the control group. Subgroup analyses also revealed no significant differences in the strength of the brain-behavior relationship in the schizophrenia group (pr = .59, 95%CI = .58-.61, p = .881) or the control group (pr = 0.19, 95%CI = 0.18-0.19, p = 0.920), suggesting concordance.
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Reward network connectivity "at rest" is associated with reward sensitivity in healthy adults: A resting-state fMRI study. COGNITIVE AFFECTIVE & BEHAVIORAL NEUROSCIENCE 2020; 19:726-736. [PMID: 30680664 DOI: 10.3758/s13415-019-00688-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The behavioral approach system (BAS), based on reinforcement sensitivity theory (RST), is a neurobehavioral system responsible for detecting and promoting motivated behaviors towards appetitive stimuli. Anatomically, the frontostriatal system has been proposed as the core of the BAS, mainly the ventral tegmental area and the ventral striatum and their dopaminergic connections with medial prefrontal structures. The RST also proposes the personality trait of reward sensitivity as a measurable construct of stable individual differences in BAS activity. However, the relationship between this trait and brain connectivity "at rest" has been poorly studied, mainly because previous investigations have focused on studying brain activity under reward-related contingency paradigms. Here, we analyzed the influence of reward sensitivity on the resting-state functional connectivity (rs-FC) between BAS-related areas by correlating the BOLD time series with the scores on the Sensitivity to Reward (SR) scale in a sample of 89 healthy young adults. Rs-FC between regions of interest were all significant. Results also revealed a positive association between SR scores and the rs-FC between the VTA and the ventromedial prefrontal cortex, and between the latter structure and the anterior cingulate cortex. These results suggest that reward sensitivity could be associated with different resting-state activity in the mesocortical pathway.
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Kocsel N, Galambos A, Szabó E, Édes AE, Magyar M, Zsombók T, Pap D, Kozák LR, Bagdy G, Kökönyei G, Juhász G. Altered neural activity to monetary reward/loss processing in episodic migraine. Sci Rep 2019; 9:5420. [PMID: 30931979 PMCID: PMC6443660 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-41867-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The dysfunctions of the mesolimbic cortical reward circuit have been proposed to contribute to migraine pain. Although supporting empirical evidence was mainly found in connection with primary rewards or in chronic migraine where the pain experience is (almost) constant. Our goal however was to investigate the neural correlates of secondary reward/loss anticipation and consumption using the monetary incentive delay task in 29 episodic migraine patients and 41 headache-free controls. Migraine patients showed decreased activation in one cluster covering the right inferior frontal gyrus during reward consumption compared to controls. We also found significant negative correlation between the time of the last migraine attack before the scan and activation of the parahippocampal gyrus and the right hippocampus yielded to loss anticipation. During reward/loss consumption, a relative increase in the activity of the visual areas was observed the more time passed between the last attack and the scan session. Our results suggest intact reward/loss anticipation but altered reward consumption in migraine, indicating a decreased reactivity to monetary rewards. The findings also raise the possibility that neural responses to loss anticipation and reward/loss consumption could be altered by the proximity of the last migraine attack not just during pre-ictal periods, but interictally as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natália Kocsel
- Doctoral School of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary.,Institute of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary.,SE-NAP2 Genetic Brain Imaging Migraine Research Group, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.,Department of Pharmacodynamics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Attila Galambos
- Doctoral School of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary.,Institute of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary.,MTA-SE Neuropsychopharmacology and Neurochemistry Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Edina Szabó
- Doctoral School of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary.,Institute of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary.,MTA-SE Neuropsychopharmacology and Neurochemistry Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Andrea Edit Édes
- SE-NAP2 Genetic Brain Imaging Migraine Research Group, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.,Department of Pharmacodynamics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Máté Magyar
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Terézia Zsombók
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Dorottya Pap
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | | | - György Bagdy
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.,MTA-SE Neuropsychopharmacology and Neurochemistry Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gyöngyi Kökönyei
- Institute of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary. .,SE-NAP2 Genetic Brain Imaging Migraine Research Group, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary. .,Department of Pharmacodynamics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Gabriella Juhász
- SE-NAP2 Genetic Brain Imaging Migraine Research Group, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.,Department of Pharmacodynamics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.,Neuroscience and Psychiatry Unit, The University of Manchester and Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom
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Kilroy E, Cermak SA, Aziz-Zadeh L. A Review of Functional and Structural Neurobiology of the Action Observation Network in Autism Spectrum Disorder and Developmental Coordination Disorder. Brain Sci 2019; 9:E75. [PMID: 30925819 PMCID: PMC6523237 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci9040075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Revised: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent research has reported motor impairment similarities between children with developmental coordination disorder (DCD) and a subgroup of individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). However, there is a debate as to whether DCD is a co-occurring diagnosis in individuals with ASD and motor impairments (ASDd), or if motor impairments in ASD are distinct from DCD. However, the etiology of motor impairments is not well understood in either disorder. Clarifying comorbidities in ASD is important to determine different etiopathological phenotyping clusters in ASD and to understand the variety of genetic and environmental factors that contribute to the disorder. Furthermore, this distinction has important therapeutic relevance. Here we explore the current neuroimaging findings in ASD and DCD and discusses possible neural mechanisms that underlie similarities and differences between the disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Kilroy
- Mrs. T.H. Chan Division of Occupational Science and Occupational Therapy, University Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA.
- Brain and Creativity Institute, University Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA.
| | - Sharon A Cermak
- Mrs. T.H. Chan Division of Occupational Science and Occupational Therapy, University Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA.
| | - Lisa Aziz-Zadeh
- Mrs. T.H. Chan Division of Occupational Science and Occupational Therapy, University Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA.
- Brain and Creativity Institute, University Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA.
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Zorlu N, Çapraz N, Oztekin E, Bagci B, Di Biase MA, Zalesky A, Gelal F, Bora E, Durmaz E, Beşiroğlu L, Sarıçiçek A. Rich club and reward network connectivity as endophenotypes for alcohol dependence: a diffusion tensor imaging study. Addict Biol 2019; 24:265-274. [PMID: 29280246 DOI: 10.1111/adb.12599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2017] [Revised: 11/23/2017] [Accepted: 12/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
We aimed to examine the whole-brain white matter connectivity and local topology of reward system nodes in patients with alcohol use disorder (AUD) and unaffected siblings, relative to healthy comparison individuals. Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging scans were acquired from 18 patients with AUD, 15 unaffected siblings of AUD patients and 15 healthy controls. Structural networks were examined using network-based statistic and connectomic analysis. Connectomic analysis showed a significant ordered difference in normalized rich club organization (AUD < Siblings < Controls). We also found rank ordered differences (Control > Sibling > AUD) for both nodal clustering coefficient and nodal local efficiency in reward system nodes, particularly left caudate, right putamen and left hippocampus. Network-based statistic analyses showed that AUD group had significantly weaker connectivity than controls in the right hemisphere, mostly in the edges connecting putamen and hippocampus with other brain regions. Our results suggest that reward system network abnormalities, especially in subcortical structures, and impairments in rich-club organization might be related to the familial predisposition for AUD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nabi Zorlu
- Department of Psychiatry; Katip Celebi University, Ataturk Training and Research Hospital; Turkey
| | - Necip Çapraz
- Department of Psychiatry; Medipol University Health Research and Administration Center, Sefakoy Hospital; Istanbul Turkey
| | - Esra Oztekin
- Department of Psychiatry; Katip Celebi University, Ataturk Training and Research Hospital; Turkey
| | - Başak Bagci
- Department of Psychiatry; Katip Celebi University, Ataturk Training and Research Hospital; Turkey
| | - Maria A. Di Biase
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry; The University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health; Australia
| | - Andrew Zalesky
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry; The University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health; Australia
| | - Fazıl Gelal
- Department of Radiodiagnostics; Katip Celebi University, Ataturk Training and Research Hospital; Turkey
| | - Emre Bora
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry; The University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health; Australia
- Department of Psychiatry; Dokuz Eylül University Medical School; Turkey
| | - Ercan Durmaz
- Department of Psychiatry; Katip Celebi University, Ataturk Training and Research Hospital; Turkey
| | - Lütfullah Beşiroğlu
- Department of Psychiatry; Katip Celebi University, Ataturk Training and Research Hospital; Turkey
| | - Aybala Sarıçiçek
- Department of Psychiatry; Katip Celebi University, Ataturk Training and Research Hospital; Turkey
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Isbell E, Calkins SD, Swingler MM, Leerkes EM. Attentional fluctuations in preschoolers: Direct and indirect relations with task accuracy, academic readiness, and school performance. J Exp Child Psychol 2019; 167:388-403. [PMID: 29274944 DOI: 10.1016/j.jecp.2017.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2017] [Revised: 07/29/2017] [Accepted: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Attentional control fluctuates in the presence of internal and external distractors, wandering on and off a given task. The current study investigated individual differences in attentional fluctuations in 250 preschoolers. Attentional fluctuations were assessed via intra-individual variability in response time in a Go/No-Go task. Greater fluctuations in attentional control were linked to lower task accuracy. In addition, greater attentional fluctuations predicted lower performance in a task of cognitive flexibility, the Dimensional Change Card Sort task. Attentional fluctuations were also associated with laboratory measures of academic readiness in preschool, as assessed by the Applied Problems and Letter-Word Identification subscales of the Woodcock-Johnson III Tests of Achievement, which in turn predicted teacher reports of academic performance in first grade. Attentional fluctuations also had indirect associations with emergent math skills in preschool, via cognitive flexibility, as well as indirect associations with first-grade teacher reports of academic performance, via the relations between cognitive flexibility and emergent math skills in preschool. These results suggest that consistency is an important aspect of attentional control during early childhood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elif Isbell
- University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Greensboro, NC 27412, USA.
| | - Susan D Calkins
- University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Greensboro, NC 27412, USA
| | - Margaret M Swingler
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Frank Porter Graham Child Development Institute, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Esther M Leerkes
- University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Greensboro, NC 27412, USA
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Hung Y, Gaillard SL, Yarmak P, Arsalidou M. Dissociations of cognitive inhibition, response inhibition, and emotional interference: Voxelwise ALE meta-analyses of fMRI studies. Hum Brain Mapp 2018; 39:4065-4082. [PMID: 29923271 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.24232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2017] [Revised: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Inhibitory control is the stopping of a mental process with or without intention, conceptualized as mental suppression of competing information because of limited cognitive capacity. Inhibitory control dysfunction is a core characteristic of many major psychiatric disorders. Inhibition is generally thought to involve the prefrontal cortex; however, a single inhibitory mechanism is insufficient for interpreting the heterogeneous nature of human cognition. It remains unclear whether different dimensions of inhibitory processes-specifically cognitive inhibition, response inhibition, and emotional interference-rely on dissociated neural systems. We conducted systematic meta-analyses of fMRI studies in the BrainMap database supplemented by PubMed using whole-brain activation likelihood estimation. A total of 66 study experiments including 1,447 participants and 987 foci revealed that while the left anterior insula was concordant in all inhibitory dimensions, cognitive inhibition reliably activated specific dorsal frontal inhibitory system, engaging dorsal anterior cingulate, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, and parietal areas, whereas emotional interference reliably implicated a ventral inhibitory system, involving the ventral surface of the inferior frontal gyrus and the amygdala. Response inhibition showed concordant clusters in the fronto-striatal system, including the dorsal anterior cingulate region and extended supplementary motor areas, the dorsal and ventral lateral prefrontal cortex, basal ganglia, midbrain regions, and parietal regions. We provide an empirically derived dimensional model of inhibition characterizing neural systems underlying different aspects of inhibitory mechanisms. This study offers a fundamental framework to advance current understanding of inhibition and provides new insights for future clinical research into disorders with different types of inhibition-related dysfunctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuwen Hung
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 02139.,Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 02139
| | - Schuyler L Gaillard
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 02139
| | - Pavel Yarmak
- Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Marie Arsalidou
- Department of Psychology, National Research University Higher School of Economics, Moscow, Russian Federation.,Department of Psychology, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Munro BA, Weyandt LL, Hall LE, Oster DR, Gudmundsdottir BG, Kuhar BG. Physiological substrates of executive functioning: a systematic review of the literature. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 10:1-20. [PMID: 28332146 DOI: 10.1007/s12402-017-0226-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2016] [Accepted: 03/07/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Executive function (EF) is a multifaceted construct that has been defined as a set of higher-order cognitive processes that allow for flexibility, self-regulation, strategic planning, and goal-directed behaviors. EFs have been studied in numerous clinical disorders using a variety of neuropsychological tasks and, more recently, neuroimaging techniques. The underlying physiological substrates of EF were historically attributed to the frontal lobes; however, recent studies suggest more widespread involvement of additional brain regions. The purpose of the present study was to conduct a systematic review (using PRISMA 2009 guidelines) of neuroimaging studies employing functional magnetic resonance imaging and diffusion tensor imaging methods investigating the physiological substrates of EFs in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder compared to other clinical groups and non-clinical participants. Research articles were retrieved using PsycINFO, PsycARTICLES, MEDLINE, and ScienceDirect, beginning February 2015 through May 2016. A total of 42 studies met eligibility. Of those 42 studies, 22 studies included clinical participants and 20 studies included non-clinical participants. Results revealed increased activation of the frontal brain region in the majority of non-clinical studies and approximately 50% of the clinical studies, albeit with some inconsistencies across subregions, tasks, and age groups. Implications, methodological limitations, and suggestions for future research are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bailey A Munro
- Interdisciplinary Neuroscience Program, University of Rhode Island, Chafee Hall, 10 Chafee Road, Kingston, RI, 02881, USA.
| | - Lisa L Weyandt
- Interdisciplinary Neuroscience Program, University of Rhode Island, Chafee Hall, 10 Chafee Road, Kingston, RI, 02881, USA
| | - Lily E Hall
- Department of Psychology, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, USA
| | - Danielle R Oster
- Department of Psychology, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, USA
| | | | - Benjamin G Kuhar
- Department of Psychology, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, USA
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