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Costa R, Abad-Tortosa D, Alacreu-Crespo A, Saiz-Clar E, Salvador A, Serrano MÁ. Looking for the Key to Winning: Psychophysiological Predicting Factors in Healthy University Students. Behav Sci (Basel) 2023; 13:978. [PMID: 38131834 PMCID: PMC10741204 DOI: 10.3390/bs13120978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Performance in competitive situations has been linked to various psychobiological factors such as personality traits (e.g., competitiveness), situational appraisal (e.g., motivation), and cardiovascular response (e.g., heart rate). However, it remains unclear whether these factors can predict competitive success. This paper aims to assess, through discriminant analysis, the predictive capacity of these psychobiological variables regarding the likelihood of winning, ultimately delineating a psychophysiological profile associated with success. Across three distinct studies, a total of 154 participants (66 men) engaged in a face-to-face laboratory competition. Prior to the competition, assessments of competitiveness traits, anxiety, self-efficacy, and motivation were conducted, and heart rate reactivity during the competition was measured. These variables collectively formed the basis for constructing the predictive model. The results of the initial study demonstrated that our model accurately classified 68.8% of the cases. Specifically, high levels of competitiveness, self-efficacy, motivation, and heart rate reactivity, coupled with low anxiety, were predictive of winning. These findings were subsequently replicated in two independent validation samples involving both men and women (studies 2 and 3), thereby reinforcing the robustness of the earlier results. In conclusion, our findings suggest that the psychological state preceding competition, along with cardiovascular reactivity, may serve as predictors for the probability of winning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Costa
- Departamento de Psicobiología, Universitat de València, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (R.C.); (D.A.-T.); (A.S.)
| | - Diana Abad-Tortosa
- Departamento de Psicobiología, Universitat de València, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (R.C.); (D.A.-T.); (A.S.)
| | - Adrian Alacreu-Crespo
- Departamento de Psicología y Sociología, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain;
| | - Elena Saiz-Clar
- Departamento de Metodología, Universitat Nacional a Distancia (UNED), 28040 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Alicia Salvador
- Departamento de Psicobiología, Universitat de València, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (R.C.); (D.A.-T.); (A.S.)
- Laboratory of Social Cognitive Neuroscience and IDOCAL, Universitat de València, 46010 Valencia, Spain
- Spanish National Network for Research in Mental Health CIBERSAM, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel Ángel Serrano
- Departamento de Psicobiología, Universitat de València, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (R.C.); (D.A.-T.); (A.S.)
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2
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Mena-Moreno T, Fernández-Aranda F, Granero R, Munguía L, Steward T, López-González H, del Pino-Gutiérrez A, Lozano-Madrid M, Gómez-Peña M, Moragas L, Giroux I, Grall-Bronnec M, Sauvaget A, Mora-Maltas B, Valenciano-Mendoza E, Menchón JM, Jiménez-Murcia S. A Serious Game to Improve Emotion Regulation in Treatment-Seeking Individuals With Gambling Disorder: A Usability Study. Front Psychol 2021; 12:621953. [PMID: 33746839 PMCID: PMC7970032 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.621953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Serious games have shown positive results in increasing motivation, adherence to treatment and strengthening the therapeutic alliance in multiple psychiatric disorders. In particular, patients with impulse control disorders and other disorders in which the patient suffers from inhibitory control deficits (e.g., behavioral addictions) have been shown to benefit from serious games. Aim: The aim of this study was to describe the characteristics and to evaluate the usability of a new serious videogame, e-Estesia. This serious videogame was designed to improve emotion regulation in patients with gambling disorder (GD). Preliminary results from a pilot sample are also reported. Method: A pilot sample of 26 patients undergoing treatment for GD was recruited (ranging from 22 to 74 years, mean = 41.2 and SD = 12.9; 80.8% men). Participants used e-Estesia on a tablet, which was connected to a thoracic band that sent heart rate (HR) and heart rate variability (HRV) data to the videogame platform in order to provide biofeedback. The System Usability Scale was completed by patients to determine the usability of e-Estesia. Results and Discussion: e-Estesia performed comparatively well for all the explored groups (i.e., sex, age, and online vs. offline gambling: mean usability score = 83.8, SD = 13.1). Around 84.6% of the patients endorsed that it was easy to use. Female patients with GD presented higher HRV during the use of the serious videogame compared to men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Mena-Moreno
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Bellvitge-IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain
- Ciber Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Fernando Fernández-Aranda
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Bellvitge-IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain
- Ciber Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Roser Granero
- Ciber Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Psychobiology and Methodology, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lucero Munguía
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Bellvitge-IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Trevor Steward
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Hibai López-González
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Bellvitge-IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Amparo del Pino-Gutiérrez
- Ciber Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Public Health, Mental Health and Perinatal Nursing, School of Nursing, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - María Lozano-Madrid
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Bellvitge-IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain
- Ciber Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mónica Gómez-Peña
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Bellvitge-IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laura Moragas
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Bellvitge-IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Isabelle Giroux
- Centre d’Excellence pour la Prévention et le Traitement du Jeu, Faculté de Sciences Sociales, Université Laval, Pavillon Félix-Antoine-Savard, Quebec, QC, Canada
| | | | - Anne Sauvaget
- CHU Nantes, Movement ‐ Interactions ‐ Performance, MIP, University of Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Bernat Mora-Maltas
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Bellvitge-IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eduardo Valenciano-Mendoza
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Bellvitge-IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain
- Ciber Salut Mental (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - José M. Menchón
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Bellvitge-IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Ciber Salut Mental (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Susana Jiménez-Murcia
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Bellvitge-IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain
- Ciber Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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3
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Perna G, Riva A, Defillo A, Sangiorgio E, Nobile M, Caldirola D. Heart rate variability: Can it serve as a marker of mental health resilience?: Special Section on "Translational and Neuroscience Studies in Affective Disorders" Section Editor, Maria Nobile MD, PhD. J Affect Disord 2020; 263:754-761. [PMID: 31630828 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2019.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Revised: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stress resilience influences mental well-being and vulnerability to psychiatric disorders. Usually, measurement of resilience is based on subjective reports, susceptible to biases. It justifies the need for objective biological/physiological biomarkers of resilience. One promising candidate as biomarker of mental health resilience (MHR) is heart rate variability (HRV). The evidence for its use was reviewed in this study. METHODS We focused on the relationship between HRV (as measured through decomposition of RR intervals from electrocardiogram) and responses to laboratory stressors in individuals without medical and psychiatric diseases. We conducted a bibliographic search of publications in the PubMed for January 2010-September 2018. RESULTS Eight studies were included. High vagally mediated HRV before and/or during stressful laboratory tasks was associated with enhanced cognitive resilience to competitive/self-control challenges, appropriate emotional regulation during emotional tasks, and better modulation of cortisol, cardiovascular and inflammatory responses during psychosocial/mental tasks. LIMITATIONS All studies were cross-sectional, restricting conclusions that can be made. Most studies included only young participants, with some samples of only males or females, and a limited array of HRV indexes. Ecological validity of stressful laboratory tasks remains unclear. CONCLUSIONS Vagally mediated HRV may serve as a global index of an individual's flexibility and adaptability to stressors. This supports the idea of HRV as a plausible, noninvasive, and easily applicable biomarker of MHR. In future longitudinal studies, the implementation of wearable health devices, able to record HRV in naturalistic contexts of real-life, may be a valuable strategy to gain more reliable insight into this topic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giampaolo Perna
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, 20090, Pieve Emanuele, Milan, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Hermanas Hospitalarias, Villa San Benedetto Menni Hospital, 22032, Albese con Cassano Como, Italy; Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, 6200, Maastricht, The Netherlands; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Leonard Miller School of Medicine, Miami University, 33136 -1015, Miami, FL, USA.
| | - Alice Riva
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Hermanas Hospitalarias, Villa San Benedetto Menni Hospital, 22032, Albese con Cassano Como, Italy
| | - Archie Defillo
- Medibio Limited, United States HQ, 8696 Eagle Creek Circle, Savage, MN 55378, USA
| | - Erika Sangiorgio
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Hermanas Hospitalarias, Villa San Benedetto Menni Hospital, 22032, Albese con Cassano Como, Italy
| | - Maria Nobile
- Scientific Institute IRCCS Eugenio Medea, Bosisio Parini 23842, Lecco, Italy
| | - Daniela Caldirola
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, 20090, Pieve Emanuele, Milan, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Hermanas Hospitalarias, Villa San Benedetto Menni Hospital, 22032, Albese con Cassano Como, Italy
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4
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Abstract
Externalizing behaviors in individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are often either reduced or elevated compared to healthy controls (HCs). This study investigated the moderating role of context in ASD by comparing 32 individuals with ASD to 40 HCs during a social and a non-social provocation task. Compared to HCs, individuals with ASD showed similar externalizing behavior in the social context. In the non-social context reactions after provocation were enhanced relative to non-provoking situations. The findings implicate that the context is an important influencing variable when comparing individuals with ASD to HCs after being provoked. Impulsivity, trait aggression and empathy did not predict behavior in the ASD group but were partly related to observed behavior in HCs.
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5
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An Attachment Theoretical Perspective on Tend-and-Befriend Stress Reactions. EVOLUTIONARY PSYCHOLOGICAL SCIENCE 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s40806-019-00197-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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6
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Hormonal and emotional responses to competition using a dyadic approach: Basal testosterone predicts emotional state after a defeat. Physiol Behav 2019; 206:106-117. [PMID: 30928410 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2019.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Revised: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The present study analyzes the testosterone (T), cortisol (C) and emotional response in competitive interactions between dyads, as well as the relationship between basal T and the emotional response. Seventy-two men and women (36 dyads) participated in same-sex dyads in a face-to-face laboratory competition, and thirty-two men and women (16 dyads) carried out the same task in a non-competitive condition. Salivary samples (5 ml of saliva, plastic vials) were provided at three time points (baseline, task, and post-task), and subsequently T (pg/ml) and C (nmol/L) concentrations were measured using ELISA method. Participants completed self-reported measures of emotional valence, emotional arousal and perceived dominance by means of the Self-Assessment Manikin (SAM), at three time points (pre-task, task, and post-task). Two-level crossed Multilevel Models (MLM) showed a participants' stability in C (Mean ± SEM: baseline: 3.84 ± 0.28, task: 2.92 ± 0.28 and post-task: 2.62 ± 0.3), emotional valence (pre-task: 4 ± 0.06, task: 3.66 ± 0.1 and post-task: 3.84 ± 0.09), arousal (pre-task: 3.29 ± 0.09, task: 3.83 ± 0.09 and post-task: 3.38 ± 0.1) and dominance (pre-task: 3.28 ± 0.08, task: 3.4 ± 0.1 and post-task: 3.44 ± 0.09) values, which in the case of emotional valence and dominance was modulated by time-point, outcome and sex. Furthermore, analyses revealed that opponents' C, arousal and dominance values at one time-point influenced participants' values at the following time-point modulated by outcome, sex and time-point. Moreover, MLM indicated that in loser men, individuals higher in basal T (126.31 ± 6.4) displayed higher negative emotional valence after the defeat (post-task: 3.6 ± 0.21), while in women basal T (99.78 ± 12.6) was not significantly related to post competition emotional valence. These findings reinforce the importance of studying the relationship between hormonal and psychological changes in dyadic competition, and confirm that men and women differ in their psychophysiological responses to competition.
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7
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Alacreu‐Crespo A, Costa R, Abad‐Tortosa D, Hidalgo V, Salvador A, Serrano MÁ. Hormonal changes after competition predict sex‐differentiated decision‐making. JOURNAL OF BEHAVIORAL DECISION MAKING 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/bdm.2128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Adrián Alacreu‐Crespo
- Department of PsychobiologyUniversity of Valencia Valencia Spain
- Department of Emergency Psychiatry and Post‐Acute CareCHU Montpellier Montpellier France
- Neuropsychiatry, Epidemiological and Clinical Research, INSERMUniversity of Montpellier Montpellier France
| | - Raquel Costa
- Department of PsychobiologyUniversity of Valencia Valencia Spain
| | | | - Vanesa Hidalgo
- Laboratory of Social Cognitive Neuroscience, IDOCALUniversity of Valencia Valencia Spain
- Aragon Health Research Institute, Department of Psychology and Sociology, Area of PsychobiologyUniversity of Zaragoza Teruel Spain
| | - Alicia Salvador
- Department of PsychobiologyUniversity of Valencia Valencia Spain
- Laboratory of Social Cognitive Neuroscience, IDOCALUniversity of Valencia Valencia Spain
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8
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Yamaguchi D, Tezuka Y, Suzuki N. The Differences Between Winners and Losers in Competition: the Relation of Cognitive and Emotional Aspects During a Competition to Hemodynamic Responses. ADAPTIVE HUMAN BEHAVIOR AND PHYSIOLOGY 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s40750-018-0104-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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9
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Alacreu-Crespo A, Costa R, Abad-Tortosa D, Salvador A, Serrano MÁ. Good decision-making is associated with an adaptive cardiovascular response to social competitive stress. Stress 2018; 21:528-537. [PMID: 29932804 DOI: 10.1080/10253890.2018.1483329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Competition elicits different psychological and cardiovascular responses depending on a person's skills. Decision-making has been considered a distal factor that influences competition, but there are no studies analyzing this relationship. Our objective was to analyze whether decision-making affects the response to competition. Specifically, we aimed to test whether good performers on a decision-making test, the Iowa Gambling Task (IGT), showed an adaptive cardiovascular response to competition. In all, 116 participants (44 women) performed the IGT and were classified into Good or Poor decision-makers. Subsequently, they were exposed to a stress task in two different conditions: a face-to-face competition (winners/losers) or a control condition, while an electrocardiogram was recorded. In the competition group, good decision-makers increased their high-frequency respect to the total heart rate variability (HF/HRV) levels during the task, compared to Poor decision-makers. Again, competition group good decision-makers, showed lower LF and higher HF/HRV reactivity than the control group, which represents lower HRV stress pattern. Moreover, in the group of losers, good decision-makers had a decline in low frequency (LF) during the task and faster recovery than poor decision-makers. In conclusion, good decision-makers have a more adaptive stress response and higher levels of mental effort, based on total HRV interpretation. Decision-making skills could be a factor in a more adaptive cardiovascular response to competition.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Raquel Costa
- Department of Psychobiology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Alicia Salvador
- Laboratory of Cognitive Social Neuroscience, Department of Psychobiology and IDOCAL, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
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10
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Barnett SD, Hickling EJ, Sheppard S. The impact of gender on the factor structure of PTSD symptoms among active duty United States military personnel. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF TRAUMA & DISSOCIATION 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejtd.2018.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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11
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Salvador A, Costa R, Hidalgo V, González-Bono E. Causal attribution and psychobiological response to competition in young men. Horm Behav 2017; 92:72-81. [PMID: 28433517 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2017.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2016] [Revised: 03/28/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
A contribution to a special issue on Hormones and Human Competition. Psychoneuroendocrine effects of competition have been widely accepted as a clear example of the relationship between androgens and aggressive/dominant behavior in humans. However, results about the effects of competitive outcomes are quite heterogeneous, suggesting that personal and contextual factors play a moderating role in this relationship. To further explore these dimensions, we aimed to examine (i) the effect of competition and its outcome on the psychobiological response to a laboratory competition in young men, and (ii) the moderating role of some cognitive dimensions such as causal attributions. To do so, we compared the responses of 56 healthy young men faced with two competitive tasks with different instructions. Twenty-eight men carried out a task whose instructions led subjects to think the outcome was due to their personal performance ("merit" task), whereas 28 other men faced a task whose outcome was attributable to luck ("chance" task). In both cases, outcome was manipulated by the experimenter. Salivary steroid hormones (testosterone and cortisol), cardiovascular variables (heart rate and blood pressure), and emotional state (mood and anxiety) were measured at different moments before, during and after both tasks. Our results did not support the "winner-loser effect" because no significant differences were found in the responses of winners and losers. However, significantly higher values on the testosterone and cardiovascular variables, along with slight decreases in positive mood, were associated with the merit-based competition, but not the chance-based condition. In addition, an exploratory factorial analysis grouped the response components into two patterns traditionally related to more active or more passive behaviors. Thus, our results suggest that the perception of contributing to the outcome is relevant in the psychobiological response to competition in men. Overall, our results reveal the importance of the appraisal of control and causal attribution in understanding human competitive interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia Salvador
- Laboratory of Social Cognitive Neuroscience, Department of Psychobiology, IDOCAL, University of Valencia, Blasco Ibañez 21, 46010, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Raquel Costa
- Department of Psychobiology, University of Valencia, Blasco Ibañez 21, 46010, Valencia, Spain
| | - Vanesa Hidalgo
- Laboratory of Social Cognitive Neuroscience, Department of Psychobiology, IDOCAL, University of Valencia, Blasco Ibañez 21, 46010, Valencia, Spain; Department of Psychology and Sociology, Area of Psychobiology, University of Zaragoza, Campus Ciudad Escolar, 44003 Teruel, Spain
| | - Esperanza González-Bono
- Laboratory of Social Cognitive Neuroscience, Department of Psychobiology, IDOCAL, University of Valencia, Blasco Ibañez 21, 46010, Valencia, Spain
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