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Woelk SP, Garfinkel SN. Dissociative Symptoms and Interoceptive Integration. Curr Top Behav Neurosci 2024. [PMID: 38755513 DOI: 10.1007/7854_2024_480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
Dissociative symptoms and disorders of dissociation are characterised by disturbances in the experience of the self and the surrounding world, manifesting as a breakdown in the normal integration of consciousness, memory, identity, emotion, and perception. This paper aims to provide insights into dissociative symptoms from the perspective of interoception, the sense of the body's internal physiological state, adopting a transdiagnostic framework.Dissociative symptoms are associated with a blunting of autonomic reactivity and a reduction in interoceptive precision. In addition to the central function of interoception in homeostasis, afferent visceral signals and their neural and mental representation have been shown to shape emotional feeling states, support memory encoding, and contribute to self-representation. Changes in interoceptive processing and disrupted integration of interoceptive signals into wider cognition may contribute to detachment from the body and the world, blunted emotional experience, and altered subjective recall, as experienced by individuals who suffer from dissociation.A better understanding of the role of altered interoceptive integration across the symptom areas of dissociation could thus provide insights into the neurophysiological mechanisms underlying dissociative disorders. As new therapeutic approaches targeting interoceptive processing emerge, recognising the significance of interoceptive mechanisms in dissociation holds potential implications for future treatment targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sascha P Woelk
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, London, UK.
| | - Sarah N Garfinkel
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, London, UK
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Bartholomay EM, Stone BM, Koran J, Björgvinsson T, Kertz SJ. Repetitive Negative Thinking Explains the Relationship Between Perceived Attentional Control and Generalized Anxiety Symptoms. JOURNAL OF PSYCHOPATHOLOGY AND BEHAVIORAL ASSESSMENT 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10862-022-09997-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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Ciaunica A, Seth A, Limanowski J, Hesp C, Friston KJ. I overthink—Therefore I am not: An active inference account of altered sense of self and agency in depersonalisation disorder. Conscious Cogn 2022; 101:103320. [PMID: 35490544 PMCID: PMC9130736 DOI: 10.1016/j.concog.2022.103320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 03/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
This paper examines potential mechanisms behind atypical sense of self and agency in Depersonalisation Disorder (DPD). Using Active Inference, we argue that aberrant somatosensory attenuation and precision weighting underlies DPD. Failures of somatosensory attenuation may disrupt the sense of agency and control over one’s perceptions and actions. In DPD, individuals may believe ‘another agent’ is controlling their thoughts, perceptions or actions. Unlike psychosis however, in DPD the individual maintains the full insight that the ‘other agent’ is ‘me’ (the self).
This paper considers the phenomenology of depersonalisation disorder, in relation to predictive processing and its associated pathophysiology. To do this, we first establish a few mechanistic tenets of predictive processing that are necessary to talk about phenomenal transparency, mental action, and self as subject. We briefly review the important role of ‘predicting precision’ and how this affords mental action and the loss of phenomenal transparency. We then turn to sensory attenuation and the phenomenal consequences of (pathophysiological) failures to attenuate or modulate sensory precision. We then consider this failure in the context of depersonalisation disorder. The key idea here is that depersonalisation disorder reflects the remarkable capacity to explain perceptual engagement with the world via the hypothesis that “I am an embodied perceiver, but I am not in control of my perception”. We suggest that individuals with depersonalisation may believe that ‘another agent’ is controlling their thoughts, perceptions or actions, while maintaining full insight that the ‘other agent’ is ‘me’ (the self). Finally, we rehearse the predictions of this formal analysis, with a special focus on the psychophysical and physiological abnormalities that may underwrite the phenomenology of depersonalisation.
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Ma H, Zhang Y, Zhang J, Liu Y, Long Z, Ran H, Li J, Qin Y, Zhao J. Neural responses to rapidly selecting color names with different novelty. Cogn Neurodyn 2021; 15:1015-1022. [PMID: 34790268 DOI: 10.1007/s11571-021-09685-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2020] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
It is well known that different names of color can lead to distinct attractions to people. To study the neural mechanism underlying this phenomenon, an implicit association test task was designed for color names, in which participants were required to select the possible meanings of a Greek phrase from two color names (in Chinese). The behavioral results showed that the participants were more likely to select novel names for long Greek phrases and dates names for short Greek phrases. The EEG results showed that the mean amplitude of N1 was greater for selections of novel color names than selections of dates names for Greek phrases. Meanwhile, the mean amplitude of N3 for novel color names was more negative than that of dates color names. Significant interaction effect of N3 was also found for the four kinds of selections between Greek phrases and Chinese color names. Moreover, a frontal-positive and occipital-negative distribution for scalp topography of N1 was found, while the scalp topography of N3 was opposite as frontal-negative and occipital-positive distribution, suggesting the importance of visual cortex for perception of the color names and prefrontal cortex for integration and decision of selection. In summary, the results here indicated that colors with novel names could easily attract people's attention than colors with dates names, which might shed light on the usage of color names in real life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanqing Ma
- Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715 China
| | - Yunyi Zhang
- Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715 China
| | - Jingyi Zhang
- Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715 China
| | - Yong Liu
- Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715 China.,Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (Ministry of Education), Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715 China
| | - Zhiliang Long
- Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715 China.,Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (Ministry of Education), Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715 China
| | - Huangyanqiu Ran
- Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715 China
| | - Jingwen Li
- Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715 China
| | - Yingmei Qin
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Information Sensing and Intelligent Control, School of Automation and Electrical Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology and Education, Tianjin, 300222 China
| | - Jia Zhao
- Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715 China.,Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (Ministry of Education), Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715 China.,Chongqing Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Chongqing, 400715 China
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Roydeva MI, Reinders AATS. Biomarkers of Pathological Dissociation: A Systematic Review. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2020; 123:120-202. [PMID: 33271160 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2020.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Pathological dissociation is a severe, debilitating and transdiagnostic psychiatric symptom. This review identifies biomarkers of pathological dissociation in a transdiagnostic manner to recommend the most promising research and treatment pathways in support of the precision medicine framework. A total of 205 unique studies that met inclusion criteria were included. Studies were divided into four biomarker categories, namely neuroimaging, psychobiological, psychophysiological and genetic biomarkers. The dorsomedial and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, bilateral superior frontal regions, (anterior) cingulate, posterior association areas and basal ganglia are identified as neurofunctional biomarkers of pathological dissociation and decreased hippocampal, basal ganglia and thalamic volumes as neurostructural biomarkers. Increased oxytocin and prolactin and decreased tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) are identified as psychobiological markers. Psychophysiological biomarkers, including blood pressure, heart rate and skin conductance, were inconclusive. For the genetic biomarker category studies related to dissociation were limited and no clear directionality of effect was found to warrant identification of a genetic biomarker. Recommendations for future research pathways and possible clinical applicability are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika I Roydeva
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, United Kingdom
| | - Antje A T S Reinders
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, United Kingdom.
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Farmer H, Cataldo A, Adel N, Wignall E, Gallese V, Deroy O, Hamilton A, Ciaunica A. The Detached Self: Investigating the Effect of Depersonalisation on Self-Bias in the Visual Remapping of Touch. Multisens Res 2020; 34:1-22. [PMID: 33535167 DOI: 10.1163/22134808-bja10038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
There is a growing consensus that our most fundamental sense of self is structured by the ongoing integration of sensory and motor information related to our own body. Depersonalisation (DP) is an intriguing form of altered subjective experience in which people report feelings of unreality and detachment from their sense of self. The current study used the visual remapping of touch (VRT) paradigm to explore self-bias in visual-tactile integration in non-clinical participants reporting high and low levels of depersonalisation experiences. We found that the high-DP group showed an increased overall VRT effect but a no-self-face bias, instead showing a greater VRT effect when observing the face of another person. In addition, across all participants, self-bias was negatively predicted by the occurrence of anomalous body experiences. These results indicate disrupted integration of tactile and visual representations of the bodily self in those experiencing high levels of DP and provide greater understanding of how disruptions in multisensory perception of the self may underlie the phenomenology of depersonalisation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harry Farmer
- 1Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
- 2School of Human Sciences, University of Greenwich, Dreadnought Building, London, SE10 9LS, UK
- 3Institute for Lifecourse Development, University of Greenwich, Dreadnought Building, Greenwich, London SE10 9LS, UK
| | - Antonio Cataldo
- 4Institute of Philosophy, School of Advanced Study, University of London, Senate House, Malet Street, London, WC1E 7HU, UK
| | - Nagela Adel
- 1Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Emma Wignall
- 1Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Vittorio Gallese
- 4Institute of Philosophy, School of Advanced Study, University of London, Senate House, Malet Street, London, WC1E 7HU, UK
- 5Department of Medicine and Surgery, Unit of Neuroscience, University of Parma, Via Volturno 39, 43100 Parma, Italy
| | - Ophelia Deroy
- 4Institute of Philosophy, School of Advanced Study, University of London, Senate House, Malet Street, London, WC1E 7HU, UK
- 6Munich Center for Neuroscience, Ludwig Maximilian University, Ludwigstraße 31, 80539 Munich, Germany
- 7Faculty of Philosophy and Philosophy of Science, Ludwig Maximilian University, Geschwister-Scholl-Platz 1, 80539 Munich, Germany
| | - Antonia Hamilton
- 1Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Anna Ciaunica
- 1Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
- 8Department of Philosophy, University of Porto, Via Panorâmica s/n, 4150-564 Porto, Portugal
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Salami A, Andreu-Perez J, Gillmeister H. Symptoms of depersonalisation/derealisation disorder as measured by brain electrical activity: A systematic review. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2020; 118:524-537. [PMID: 32846163 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2020.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Depersonalisation/derealisation disorder (DPD) refers to frequent and persistent detachment from bodily self and disengagement from the outside world. As a dissociative disorder, DPD affects 1-2 % of the population, but takes 7-12 years on average to be accurately diagnosed. In this systematic review, we comprehensively describe research targeting the neural correlates of core DPD symptoms, covering publications between 1992 and 2020 that have used electrophysiological techniques. The aim was to investigate the diagnostic potential of these relatively inexpensive and convenient neuroimaging tools. We review the EEG power spectrum, components of the event-related potential (ERP), as well as vestibular and heartbeat evoked potentials as likely electrophysiological biomarkers to study DPD symptoms. We argue that acute anxiety- or trauma-related impairments in the integration of interoceptive and exteroceptive signals play a key role in the formation of DPD symptoms, and that future research needs analysis methods that can take this integration into account. We suggest tools for prospective studies of electrophysiological DPD biomarkers, which are urgently needed to fully develop their diagnostic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abbas Salami
- School of Computer Science and Electronic Engineering, University of Essex, Wivenhoe Park, Colchester, CO4 3SQ, UK; Smart Health Technologies Group, Centre for Computational Intelligence, University of Essex, Wivenhoe Park, Colchester, CO4 3SQ, UK.
| | - Javier Andreu-Perez
- School of Computer Science and Electronic Engineering, University of Essex, Wivenhoe Park, Colchester, CO4 3SQ, UK; Smart Health Technologies Group, Centre for Computational Intelligence, University of Essex, Wivenhoe Park, Colchester, CO4 3SQ, UK.
| | - Helge Gillmeister
- Department of Psychology and Centre for Brain Science, University of Essex, Wivenhoe Park, Colchester, CO4 3SQ, UK; Smart Health Technologies Group, Centre for Computational Intelligence, University of Essex, Wivenhoe Park, Colchester, CO4 3SQ, UK.
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Adler J, Gillmeister H. Bodily self‐relatedness in vicarious touch is reflected at early cortical processing stages. Psychophysiology 2019; 56:e13465. [DOI: 10.1111/psyp.13465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Revised: 07/20/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Julia Adler
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy University Medical Center Mainz Mainz Germany
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Román-López TV, Caballero-Sánchez U, Cisneros-Luna S, Franco-Rodríguez JA, Méndez-Díaz M, Prospéro-García O, Ruiz-Contreras AE. Brain electrical activity from encoding to retrieval while maintaining and manipulating information in working memory. Memory 2019; 27:1063-1078. [DOI: 10.1080/09658211.2019.1620287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Talía V. Román-López
- Lab. Neurogenómica Cognitiva, Coord. Psicobiología y Neurociencias, Fac. Psicología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Ciudad de México, México
| | - Ulises Caballero-Sánchez
- Lab. Neurogenómica Cognitiva, Coord. Psicobiología y Neurociencias, Fac. Psicología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Ciudad de México, México
| | - Silvia Cisneros-Luna
- Lab. Neurogenómica Cognitiva, Coord. Psicobiología y Neurociencias, Fac. Psicología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Ciudad de México, México
| | - J. Antonio Franco-Rodríguez
- Lab. Neurogenómica Cognitiva, Coord. Psicobiología y Neurociencias, Fac. Psicología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Ciudad de México, México
| | - Mónica Méndez-Díaz
- Lab. Cannabinoides, Depto. Fisiología, Fac. Medicina, UNAM, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Oscar Prospéro-García
- Lab. Cannabinoides, Depto. Fisiología, Fac. Medicina, UNAM, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Alejandra E. Ruiz-Contreras
- Lab. Neurogenómica Cognitiva, Coord. Psicobiología y Neurociencias, Fac. Psicología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Ciudad de México, México
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