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Qiao LL, Guo JS, Fang F, Chen YP, Yan P. The recovery potential and utilization pathway of chemical energy from wastewater pollutants during wastewater treatment in China. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 356:120591. [PMID: 38490008 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.120591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 02/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/10/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
Research on the potential for chemical energy recovery and the optimization of recovery pathways in different regions of China is still lacking. This study aimed to address this gap by evaluating the potential and optimize the utilization pathways for chemical energy recovery in various regions of China for achieving sustainable wastewater treatment. The results showed that the eastern and northeastern regions of China exhibited higher chemical energy levels under the existing operating conditions. Key factors affecting chemical energy recovery included chemical oxygen demand removal (ΔCOD), treatment scale, and specific energy consumption (μ) of wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). Furthermore, the average improvement in the chemical energy recovery rate with an optimized utilization pathway was approximately 40% in the WWTPs. The use of the net-zero energy consumption (NZE) model proved effective in improving the chemical energy recovery potential, with an average reduction of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions reaching next to 95% in the investigated WWTPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Li Qiao
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, China; College of Environment and Ecology, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, China
| | - Jin-Song Guo
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, China; College of Environment and Ecology, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, China
| | - Fang Fang
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, China; College of Environment and Ecology, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, China
| | - You-Peng Chen
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, China; College of Environment and Ecology, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, China
| | - Peng Yan
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, China; College of Environment and Ecology, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, China.
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2
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Yu Y, Yu Z, Xu W, Zhang K, Tang Y, Cheng G, He X, Dai B. High-Temperature Ash Melting and Fluidity Behavior upon the Cocombustion of Sewage Sludge and Coal. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:14455-14464. [PMID: 38559938 PMCID: PMC10975663 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.4c00227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 03/03/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Wastewater treatment produces a large amount of sludge, where the minimizing of the disposed sludge is essential for environmental protection. The co-combustion of sludge with coal is a preferable method for sewage sludge disposal from the economic and environmental perspective. The co-combustion of sludge has been widely used in the industry with the advantages of large processing capacity. The melting characteristics of ash are an important criterion for the selection of the co-combustion methods and furnace types. In this study, two types of sludge and four types of coal with different ash melting points were selected, where the ash melting behavior upon co-combustion is investigated by experimental and thermodynamical approaches. Especially, the slag fluidity upon co-combustion is explored via a modified inclined plane method. It has been found that the presence of SiO2 and CaO in sludge substantially enhances its fusion temperature owing to the high content of CaO, while SiO2 acts as a solvent, facilitating the co-melting of other oxides and raising the sludge fusion temperature. Fe2O3 exhibits a specific mass fraction within the range of 10-20%. Furthermore, the presence of CaO and SiO2 prohibits the flow ability of the slag at high temperatures, and Fe2O3 promotes the flow ability for sludge at high temperatures. With increasing base/acid ratio, the sludge flow velocity increases remarkably and peaks at 1.6. The interaction between Fe-Ca and Si-AI significantly affects the fluidity significantly. The findings are expected to optimize the condition of co-combustion and desirable furnace design for the incineration of sludge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunpeng Yu
- Department
of Chemical&Biological Engineering, Monash University, Wellington Road, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
- Monash
Suzhou Research Institute, SIP,Suzhou, Jiangsu 215028, China
| | - Zhiao Yu
- School
of Software Engineering, Southeast University, Suzhou 215723, China
| | - Wei Xu
- General
Water of China Co., Ltd., Beijing 100022, China
| | - Kaibing Zhang
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Southeast-Monash
Joint Graduate School, SIP,Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Yuneng Tang
- Department
of Chemical&Biological Engineering, Monash University, Wellington Road, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
- Monash
Suzhou Research Institute, SIP,Suzhou, Jiangsu 215028, China
| | - Guojian Cheng
- JITRI Institute
for Process Modeling and Optimization, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Xiang He
- University
of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
- Shanghai
Power Equipment Research Institute Co.,Ltd., Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Baiqian Dai
- Department
of Chemical&Biological Engineering, Monash University, Wellington Road, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
- Monash
Suzhou Research Institute, SIP,Suzhou, Jiangsu 215028, China
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Gómez X, Bernal MP, Zárate PP, Álvarez-Robles MJ, González R, Clemente R. Thermal evaluation of plant biomass from the phytostabilisation of soils contaminated by potentially toxic elements. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 342:140116. [PMID: 37699457 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.140116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023]
Abstract
The combination of phytoremediation of soils contaminated by potentially toxic elements with energy production by combustion of the generated biomass can be a sustainable land management option, combining the production of renewable bioenergy with soil restoration while minimising energy consumption and CO2 emission. In this work, plant biomass from phytoremediation of soils contaminated by potentially toxic elements was studied as solid biofuel for combustion by thermal analysis and biomass composition. Six plant species were grown in two soils with differing degrees of contamination: Brassica juncea, Cynara cardunculus, Atriplex halimus, Nicotiana glauca, Dittrichia viscosa, Retama sphaerocarpa and Salvia rosmarinus. The composition of the plant biomass was characterised chemically and thermogravimetric analyses were performed for the mass loss (TG), derivative curves of mass loss (DTG) and temperature difference (DTA) signal. The cellulose concentration correlated with the parameters of the thermal analysis in the low temperature range (150-350 °C), while lignin correlated with the thermal parameters of the second peak in the high temperature range. Salvia rosmarinus and R. sphaerocarpa showed the best combustion characteristics according to the thermal profile and mineral residue results. The accumulation of potentially toxic elements in B. juncea grown in heavily contaminated soil led to a higher amount of residue at 750 °C, with a global activation energy lower than the one obtained when this species was grown in a soil with lower contamination. Therefore, the most beneficial combination of soil phytoremediation and energy production (combustion) that can be suggested would depend on the level of soil contamination: in heavily contaminated soil, phytostabilisation using R. sphaerocarpa and S. rosmarinus; in slightly contaminated soil, B. juncea due to its high energy of activation, although the concentrations of potentially toxic elements in the residue must be controlled, as well as possible particulate matter emissions during combustion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiomar Gómez
- Chemical and Environmental Bioprocess Engineering Group, Natural Resources Institute (IRENA), Universidad de León, Av. de Portugal 41, 24009, León, Spain
| | - Maria Pilar Bernal
- Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada Del Segura, CSIC. Campus Universitario de Espinardo, 30100, Murcia, Spain.
| | - Piedad P Zárate
- Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada Del Segura, CSIC. Campus Universitario de Espinardo, 30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - M José Álvarez-Robles
- Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada Del Segura, CSIC. Campus Universitario de Espinardo, 30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - Rubén González
- Department of Electrical, Systems and Automatic Engineering, School of Industrial, Computer and Aeronautical Engineering, University of León, Campus de Vegazana, 24071, León, Spain
| | - Rafael Clemente
- Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada Del Segura, CSIC. Campus Universitario de Espinardo, 30100, Murcia, Spain
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Yang Z, Ning Y, Wang C, Yang S, Zhang W, Dähn R, Li Y. The sensitive mobility of Cr in ashes studied by SiO 2-Al 2O 3-Fe 2O 3-CaO system. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 321:121091. [PMID: 36657511 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.121091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Since incineration is a feasible method for stabilization/solidification of chromium (Cr)-enriched wastes, the species, distribution, and mobility of Cr in ashes deserve more studies, especially as the function of ash composition. Synthetic Cr-bearing ashes (SAs) were synthesized by SiO2-Al2O3-Fe2O3-CaO systems to investigate Cr mobility under 1100 °C. A study from simplicity to complexity. The Cr in SiO2-CaO is of high mobility with CrO42- formation, in contrary to the moderate mobility in SiO2-Al2O3 and poor mobility in SiO2-Fe2O3. However, species and mobility of Cr are affected by the values of CaO/SiO2, Al2O3/SiO2, and Fe2O3/SiO2 ratios. When other oxides are added to the two-phase systems above, the fate of Cr is affected more considerably. With the SiO2 content of 70%, adding a slight amount of CaO (<10%) strengthens the stabilization/solidification of Cr, due to the favorable solid integration under Ca2+ fusion. However, the Cr mobility is higher with increasing the CaO content further. The minimum content of CaO is ∼20% to sufficiently decrease the proportion of residual Cr (QCr-S5) in SiO2-Al2O3-CaO, much lower than in SiO2-Fe2O3-CaO, which confirms the easier release of Cr immobilized in Si-Al matrixes. Considering the opposite effects of Fe2O3 and CaO on Cr mobility, increasing Fe2O3/CaO ratios >3/2 can limit the effect of CaO, leading to the efficient stabilization/solidification of Cr waste. Additionally, the QCr-S5 is 83% with the Fe2O3 content of 15% in SiO2-Al2O3-Fe2O3, higher than in SiO2-Al2O3 and SiO2-Fe2O3. This suggests the intense stabilization/solidification of Cr, probably due to the formation of amorphous Fe-rich glass. Based on these above, an equation is developed to describe the relationship between ash compositions and QCr-S5 (QCr-S5 = -39.37X1 + 24.96X2 + 5.34X3 - 2.51X4 + 54.29).
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Yang
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, No. 68, Jincheng Street, Donghu New Technology Development Zone, Wuhan, 430074, PR China; Laboratory for Waste Management, Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232, Villigen, PSI, Switzerland
| | - Yu Ning
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, No. 68, Jincheng Street, Donghu New Technology Development Zone, Wuhan, 430074, PR China.
| | - Changxiang Wang
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, No. 68, Jincheng Street, Donghu New Technology Development Zone, Wuhan, 430074, PR China
| | - Sen Yang
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, No. 68, Jincheng Street, Donghu New Technology Development Zone, Wuhan, 430074, PR China; Guanghuiyuan Environment Water Co.Ltd., Shenzhen, 518011, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, No. 68, Jincheng Street, Donghu New Technology Development Zone, Wuhan, 430074, PR China
| | - Rainer Dähn
- Laboratory for Waste Management, Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232, Villigen, PSI, Switzerland
| | - Yilian Li
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, No. 68, Jincheng Street, Donghu New Technology Development Zone, Wuhan, 430074, PR China
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Wang Y, Zou L, Shao H, Bai Y, Liu Y, Zhao Q, Li F. Co-combustion of high alkali coal with municipal sludge: Thermal behaviour, kinetic analysis, and micro characteristic. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 838:156489. [PMID: 35667429 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.156489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2022] [Revised: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Blending sludge rich in protein and aliphatic hydrocarbons into the high alkali coal (HAC) has been demonstrated to reduce the ash melting temperature of the HAC/sludge mixture, thereby increasing the effectiveness and efficiency of liquid slagging. However, whether the incorporation of sludge can affect the combustion stability of the original coal-fired boiler is still debatable. As the combustion stability of the fuel can directly affect the operational safety of the boiler, it is of great practical value for exploring the effect of sludge incorporation on the combustion performance of HAC. In this work, the thermal behaviour and microscopic properties of individual HAC, municipal sludge (MS) and HAC/MS mixtures were tested using a Thermogravimetric analyser (TGA) and a Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometer, respectively. The exothermic, thermodynamic and functional group evolution patterns during the combustion of these samples were also evaluated. Ignition temperatures (Ti) of the HAC/MS mixtures were relatively lower than that of individual HAC, and decreased with the increase in sludge mass ratio (SMR). The synergistic effect of the co-combustion of HAC and MS resulted in a slightly higher total heat release during the combustion of MS10HAC90 (i.e., the mass percentage of MS and HAC is 1:9) than HAC alone, however, the total heat release of the blend decreased progressively with increasing SMR. The experimental values of the average Eα for all four mixtures were lower than the theoretical values, indicating that the addition of MS lowered the reaction energy barriers of the mixtures. Consumption rates of the principal groups in samples during the oxidation and combustion all tended to increase progressively with increasing SMR. There are three major synergistic effects existing during co-combustion of HAC and MS: (1) the reaction of free radicals with benzene molecules; (2) the interaction of free radicals; and (3) the catalytic effect of alkali and alkaline earth metals. These findings can provide theoretical guidance for the determination of key parameters (mixing ratio) for the blending of HAC and MS, and can fill the research gap in terms of microscopic reactivity and synergistic effects during the co-combustion of HAC and MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yungang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Thermo-Fluid Science and Engineering, Ministry of Education, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Li Zou
- Key Laboratory of Thermo-Fluid Science and Engineering, Ministry of Education, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, Shaanxi, PR China.
| | - Huaishuang Shao
- Key Laboratory of Thermo-Fluid Science and Engineering, Ministry of Education, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Yanyuan Bai
- Key Laboratory of Thermo-Fluid Science and Engineering, Ministry of Education, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Yang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Thermo-Fluid Science and Engineering, Ministry of Education, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Qinxin Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Thermo-Fluid Science and Engineering, Ministry of Education, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, Shaanxi, PR China.
| | - Feixiang Li
- Hubei Special Equipment Inspection and Testing Institute, Wuhan 430077, Hubei, PR China
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Effects of Air Temperature and Humidity on the Kinetics of Sludge Drying at Low Temperatures. ENERGIES 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/en14227722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In this study, a low-air temperature sludge drying system was constructed and the effects of temperature and relative humidity on the characteristics of the system were investigated. The results showed that the drying rate of sludge increased with an increase in air temperature and a decrease in the air’s relative humidity. The influence of temperature on the average drying rate exhibited an approximate quadratic distribution, while the influence of relative humidity on the average drying rate exhibited an almost linear distribution. The relationship equations of the average drying rate, temperature, and humidity were summarized and compared with the experimental results, and the maximum relative error was 7.6375%. By comparing the experimental results with the commonly used thin-layer drying models, it was found that the sludge drying characteristics were more consistent with the Midilli model. Based on the relevant parameters of the Midilli model, the relationship between the segmented drying moisture content and the average drying rate was proposed, and the empirical formula of the drying rate and MR under different conditions was fitted.
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7
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Voća N, Leto J, Karažija T, Bilandžija N, Peter A, Kutnjak H, Šurić J, Poljak M. Energy Properties and Biomass Yield of Miscanthus x Giganteus Fertilized by Municipal Sewage Sludge. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26144371. [PMID: 34299647 PMCID: PMC8305165 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26144371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The application of municipal sewage sludge as fertilizer in the production of non-food energy crops is an environmentally and economically sustainable approach to sewage sludge management. In addition, the application of municipal sewage sludge to energy crops such as Miscanthus x giganteus is an alternative form of recycling nutrients and organic material from waste. Municipal sewage sludge is a potential source of heavy metals in the soil, some of which can be removed by growing energy crops that are also remediation agents. Therefore, the objective of the research was to investigate the effect of municipal sewage sludge applied at three different rates of 1.66, 3.22 and 6.44 t/ha on the production of Miscanthus. Based on the analyses conducted on the biomass of Miscanthus fertilized with sludge from the wastewater treatment plant in three fertilization treatments, it can be concluded that the biomass of Miscanthus is a good feedstock for the process of direct combustion. Moreover, the application of the largest amount of municipal sewage sludge during cultivation had no negative effect on the properties of Miscanthus biomass. Moreover, the cellulose and hemicellulose content of Miscanthus is ideal for the production of second-generation liquid biofuels. Fertilizer treatments had no effect on the content of cellulose and lignin, while a significant statistical difference was found for hemicellulose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neven Voća
- Department of Agricultural Technology, Storage and Transport, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb, Svetošimunska cesta 25, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (N.V.); (A.P.); (J.Š.)
| | - Josip Leto
- Department of Field Crops, Forage and Grassland, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb, Svetošimunska cesta 25, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +385-1-239-4079
| | - Tomislav Karažija
- Department of Plant Nutrition, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb, Svetošimunska cesta 25, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (T.K.); (M.P.)
| | - Nikola Bilandžija
- Department of Agricultural Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb, Svetošimunska cesta 25, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Anamarija Peter
- Department of Agricultural Technology, Storage and Transport, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb, Svetošimunska cesta 25, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (N.V.); (A.P.); (J.Š.)
| | - Hrvoje Kutnjak
- Department of Field Crops, Forage and Grassland, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb, Svetošimunska cesta 25, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Jona Šurić
- Department of Agricultural Technology, Storage and Transport, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb, Svetošimunska cesta 25, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (N.V.); (A.P.); (J.Š.)
| | - Milan Poljak
- Department of Plant Nutrition, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb, Svetošimunska cesta 25, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (T.K.); (M.P.)
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Thermochemical and Toxic Element Behavior during Co-Combustion of Coal and Municipal Sludge. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26144170. [PMID: 34299445 PMCID: PMC8307717 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26144170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The thermochemical and kinetic behavior of co-combustion of coal, municipal sludge (MS) and their blends at different ratios were investigated by thermogravimetric analysis. Simulation experiments were performed in a vacuum tube furnace to determine the conversion behavior of toxic elements. The results show that the combustion processes of the blends of coal and municipal sludge are divided into three stages and the combustion curves of the blends are located between those of individual coal and municipal sludge samples. The DTGmax of the sample with 10% sludge addition reaches a maximum at the heating rate of 20 °C/min, indicating that the combustion characteristics of coal can be improved during co-combustion. Strong interactions were observed between coal and municipal sludge during the co-combustion. The volatilization rates of toxic elements decrease with an increasing proportion of sludge in the blends during co-combustion, which indicates that the co-combustion of coal and sludge can effectively reduce the volatilization rate of toxic elements. The study reflects the potential of municipal sludge as a blended fuel and the environmental effects of co-combustion of coal and municipal sludge.
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Li Q, Sun X, Ouche Q, Wang C, Zhang H, Guo J. Novel approach to improving wastewater treatment and sewage sludge combustion using pulverized coal-activated sludge. WATER ENVIRONMENT RESEARCH : A RESEARCH PUBLICATION OF THE WATER ENVIRONMENT FEDERATION 2021; 93:797-803. [PMID: 33135234 DOI: 10.1002/wer.1474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2020] [Revised: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Sewage and sludge are usually treated separately. Considering improving sludge treatment while improving sewage treatment is beneficial to the synergetic effect of sewage treatment and sludge treatment. The efficiency of pulverized coal-activated sludge (PAS) on contaminant removal, sludge calorific value, and combustion characteristic was investigated in contrast to conventional activated sludge (CAS) using the laboratory-scale sequencing batch reactor (SBR). Results indicated that the average chemical oxygen demand, ammonium nitrogen, total nitrogen, and total phosphorus removal efficiency of PAS were highest under a dosage of 0.4 g/L, which were 98.56%, 94.22%, 68.60%, and 95.96%, respectively. The average effluent concentration satisfied the Level A discharge standard of pollutants for municipal wastewater treatment plants (GB18918-2002). The calorific value and maximum weight loss of PAS gradually increased adjusting the dosage of pulverized coal. At the pulverized coal dosage of 0.2 g/L, the calorific value of PAS with 70% water content is 3,824.07 kJ/kg, which can satisfy the requirement of self-maintained combustion. Overall, the pulverized coal can simultaneously improve the treatment of wastewater in SBR and promote the sludge combustion by increasing calorific value. Therefore, PAS system is an innovation based on improving the sewage treatment sludge combustion. PRACTITIONER POINTS: An innovative method to simultaneously improving wastewater treatment and sewage sludge combustion using pulverized coal-activated sludge was developed. The average COD, NH 4 + - N , TN, and TP removal efficiency of PAS-0.4 is best. The 70% moisture content sludge calorific values of 3,824.07 kJ/kg in PAS-0.2 can satisfy the requirement of self-maintained combustion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Li
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control Theory and Technology, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, China
- Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Water Pollution Control and Water Safety in Karst Area, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, China
| | - Xiaojie Sun
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control Theory and Technology, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, China
- Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Water Pollution Control and Water Safety in Karst Area, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, China
| | - Quanyi Ouche
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control Theory and Technology, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, China
- Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Water Pollution Control and Water Safety in Karst Area, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, China
| | - Chunlian Wang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control Theory and Technology, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, China
- Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Water Pollution Control and Water Safety in Karst Area, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, China
| | - Hongxia Zhang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control Theory and Technology, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, China
- Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Water Pollution Control and Water Safety in Karst Area, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, China
| | - Jinghan Guo
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control Theory and Technology, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, China
- Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Water Pollution Control and Water Safety in Karst Area, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, China
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10
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Dhote L, Kumar S, Singh L, Kumar R. A systematic review on options for sustainable treatment and resource recovery of distillery sludge. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 263:128225. [PMID: 33297181 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.128225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2020] [Revised: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Distillery sludge generated from the alcohol production plants is considered as a nuisance. It is one of the main sources of environmental pollution because of the presence of high amount of sulphate, phenolic compounds (500.3 ± 26.46 mg/kg), melanoidins, organic matter (14%) and heavy metals (like 18% Mn, 6% Ni and 4% Pb). Hence, advancement in the available techniques for managing this sludge is a prerequisite for its safe and sustainable disposal. The article delivers an assessment of the challenges involved in the treatment of distillery sludge, existing practices, disposal and possible routes for energy recovery. Considering the high nutritional and energy values of the distillery sludge, the associated limitations and challenges of the available sludge management options, it was aimed to highlight alternative methods of its treatment. The present review also compares the current distillery sludge management solutions concerning their environmental sustainability. The most widely used methods, including treatment and disposal techniques considering the current legislation in different countries, have also been dealt with. Furthermore, the study also deals with the resource recovery approaches in order to recover value-added products and available nutrients from distillery sludge. Resource and energy recovery options are therefore considered as sustainable solutions to fulfill the present and future energy requirement and visualize it as a potential opportunity instead of a nuisance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lekha Dhote
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 2010 02, India; CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (CSIR-NEERI), Nehru Marg, Nagpur, 440 020, India
| | - Sunil Kumar
- CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (CSIR-NEERI), Nehru Marg, Nagpur, 440 020, India.
| | - Lal Singh
- CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (CSIR-NEERI), Nehru Marg, Nagpur, 440 020, India
| | - Rakesh Kumar
- CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (CSIR-NEERI), Nehru Marg, Nagpur, 440 020, India
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A Comprehensive Review on Thermal Coconversion of Biomass, Sludge, Coal, and Their Blends Using Thermogravimetric Analysis. J CHEM-NY 2020. [DOI: 10.1155/2020/5024369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Lignocellulosic biomass is a vital resource for providing clean future energy with a sustainable environment. Besides lignocellulosic residues, nonlignocellulosic residues such as sewage sludge from industrial and municipal wastes are gained much attention due to its large quantities and ability to produce cheap and clean energy to potentially replace fossil fuels. These cheap and abundantly resources can reduce global warming owing to their less polluting nature. The low-quality biomass and high ash content of sewage sludge-based thermal conversion processes face several disadvantages towards its commercialization. Therefore, it is necessary to utilize these residues in combination with coal for improvement in energy conversion processes. As per author information, no concrete study is available to discuss the synergy and decomposition mechanism of residues blending. The objective of this study is to present the state-of-the-art review based on the thermal coconversion of biomass/sewage sludge, coal/biomass, and coal/sewage sludge blends through thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) to explore the synergistic effects of the composition, thermal conversion, and blending for bioenergy production. This paper will also contribute to detailing the operating conditions (heating rate, temperature, and residence time) of copyrolysis and cocombustion processes, properties, and chemical composition that may affect these processes and will provide a basis to improve the yield of biofuels from biomass/sewage sludge, coal/sewage sludge, and coal/biomass blends in thermal coconversion through thermogravimetric technique. Furthermore, the influencing factors and the possible decomposition mechanism are elaborated and discussed in detail. This study will provide recent development and future prospects for cothermal conversion of biomass, sewage, coal, and their blends.
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12
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Hydrothermal Carbonization as a Strategy for Sewage Sludge Management: Influence of Process Withdrawal Point on Hydrochar Properties. ENERGIES 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/en13112890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Conventional activated sludge systems, still widely used to treat wastewater, produce large amounts of solid waste that is commonly landfilled or incinerated. This study addresses the potential use of Hydrothermal Carbonization (HTC) to valorize sewage sludge residues examining the properties of hydrochars depending on HTC process conditions and sewage sludge withdrawal point. With increasing HTC severity (process residence time and temperature), solid yield, total Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) and solid pH decrease while ash content increases. Hydrochars produced from primary (thickened) and secondary (digested and dewatered) sludge show peculiar distinct properties. Hydrochars produced from thickened sludge show good fuel properties in terms of Higher Heating Value (HHV) and reduced ash content. However, relatively high volatile matter and O:C and H:C ratios result in thermal reactivity significantly higher than typical coals. Both series of carbonized secondary sludges show neutral pH, low COD, enhanced phosphorous content and low heavy metals concentration: as a whole, they show properties compatible with their use as soil amendments.
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13
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Fu B, Liu G, Mian MM, Zhou C, Sun M, Wu D, Liu Y. Co-combustion of industrial coal slurry and sewage sludge: Thermochemical and emission behavior of heavy metals. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 233:440-451. [PMID: 31181492 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.05.256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Revised: 05/26/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
A combination of thermogravimetric analysis and lab-scale fixed bed combustion experiments was carried out to study the thermochemical, kinetic and heavy metals emission behavior during co-combustion of industrial coal slurry (CS) and sewage sludge (SS). The results found that the blends had integrative combustion profiles which reflected both coal slurry and sewage sludge. During co-combustion, the ignition performance of CS could be significantly improved with the addition of SS. Synergetic effects of the co-combustion were observed at lower temperature, while the high-temperature char combustion of the blends was inhibited because of high ash components of SS or formation of inactive alkali metal aluminosilicates. Kinetic analysis confirmed the improve iginition behavior of blends. Both the comprehensive combustibility index S and the activation energy suggested that the blends with 20% SS may have the best promoting effects. Compared with CS, the higher concentration of Cl in SS increased the volatilization ratios of Cu, Zn, As, and Pb. When added CS into SS, the volatilization ratios of arsenic decreased during combustion. The inhibition effects for arsenic during co-combustion might be associated with the capture of arsenic vapors by the new-formed Ca/Al from CS thermal decomposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biao Fu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Crust-Mantle Materials and Environment, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China; State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710075, China
| | - Guijian Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Crust-Mantle Materials and Environment, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China; State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710075, China.
| | - Md Manik Mian
- CAS Key Laboratory of Crust-Mantle Materials and Environment, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
| | - Chuncai Zhou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Crust-Mantle Materials and Environment, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China; State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710075, China
| | - Mei Sun
- CAS Key Laboratory of Crust-Mantle Materials and Environment, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China; Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Dun Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Crust-Mantle Materials and Environment, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China; Exploration Research Institute, Anhui Provincial Bureau of Coal Geology, Hefe, Anhui 23008, China
| | - Yuan Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Crust-Mantle Materials and Environment, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China; State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710075, China
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14
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Comparative Thermogravimetric Assessment on the Combustion of Coal, Microalgae Biomass and Their Blend. ENERGIES 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/en12152962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
In this work, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential thermogravimetry (DTG), and differential scanning calorimetric (DSC) were used to assess the combustion of microalgae biomass, a bituminous coal, and their blend. Furthermore, different correlations were tested for estimating the high heating value of microalgae biomass and coal, with both materials possessing similar values. TGA evidenced differences between the combustion of the studied fuels, but no relevant interaction occurred during their co-combustion, as shown by the DTG and DSC curves. These curves also indicated that the combustion of the blend mostly resembled that of coal in terms of weight loss and heat release. Moreover, non-isothermal kinetic analysis revealed that the apparent activation energies corresponding to the combustion of the blend and coal were quite close. Overall, the obtained results indicated that co-combustion with coal might be a feasible waste to energy management option for the valorization of microalgae biomass resulting from wastewater treatment.
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15
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Fidalgo B, Chilmeran M, Somorin T, Sowale A, Kolios A, Parker A, Williams L, Collins M, McAdam E, Tyrrel S. Non-isothermal thermogravimetric kinetic analysis of the thermochemical conversion of human faeces. RENEWABLE ENERGY 2019; 132:1177-1184. [PMID: 31007417 PMCID: PMC6472681 DOI: 10.1016/j.renene.2018.08.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Revised: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The "Reinvent the Toilet Challenge" set by the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation aims to bring access to adequate sanitary systems to billions of people. In response to this challenge, on-site sanitation systems are proposed and being developed globally. These systems require in-situ thermal treatment, processes that are not well understood for human faeces (HF). Thermogravimetric analysis has been used to investigate the pyrolysis, gasification and combustion of HF. The results are compared to the thermal behaviour of simulant faeces (SF) and woody biomass (WB), along with the blends of HF and WB. Kinetic analysis was conducted using non-isothermal kinetics model-free methods, and the thermogravimetric data obtained for the combustion of HF, SS and WB. The results show that the devolatilisation of HF requires higher temperatures and rates are slower those of WB. Minimum temperatures of 475 K are required for fuel ignition. HF and SF showed similar thermal behaviour under pyrolysis, but not under combustion conditions. The activation energy for HF is 157.4 kJ/mol, relatively higher than SS and WB. Reaction order for HF is lower (n = 0.4) to WB (n = 0.6). In-situ treatment of HF in on-site sanitary systems can be designed for slow progressive burn.
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16
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Boopathi AA, Sampath S, Narasimhaswamy T. Isothermal and non-isothermal cold crystallization of tetrabenzofluorene (TBF) molecules. NEW J CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c8nj06514d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Isothermal and non-isothermal cold crystallization of TBFC homologs is investigated by varying the alkyl chain length from C8 to C18 employing HOPM, DSC and powder XRD techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. A. Boopathi
- Polymer Science & Technology Division
- Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR)-Central Leather Research Institute (CLRI)
- Chennai - 600020
- India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR)
| | - Srinivasan Sampath
- Department of Materials Science
- School of Technology
- Central University of Tamil Nadu
- Thiruvarur - 610101
- India
| | - T. Narasimhaswamy
- Polymer Science & Technology Division
- Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR)-Central Leather Research Institute (CLRI)
- Chennai - 600020
- India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR)
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17
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Ali M, Huang Q, Lin B, Hu B, Wang F, Chi Y. The effect of hydrolysis on combustion characteristics of sewage sludge and leaching behavior of heavy metals. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2018; 39:2632-2640. [PMID: 28805503 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2017.1363296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this paper is to present the effect of hydrolysis treatment on the thermal reaction characteristics of sludge and the leaching test of heavy metals contained in the sludge. Raw and hydrolysis-treated sludge (at temperature of 200°C and pressure 0.4 MPa) samples were collected from local municipal sewage sludge treatment plant. Thermogravimetric analysis was carried out between 25°C and 900°C at the heating rate of 10°C/min and 20°C/min under incineration and pyrolysis atmospheres. The leaching behavior of toxic heavy metals in the sludge was studied along with ash composition. The heating rate significantly changed the thermogravimetric and differential thermogravimetric curve profiles for studied fuels under different atmospheres. After hydrolysis treatment, the heavy metals of hydrolysis-treated sludge becomes more stable. The leaching concentration of Cr, Mn, Cu and Pb in hydrolysis-treated sludge were greatly reduced, when compared to raw sludge; however, no significant change was observed in Cd concentration. The X-ray diffraction pattern of bottom ash of hydrolysis-treated sludge was significantly reduced than raw sludge. This decrease is due to possible reduction in grain growth, which degrades the crystallinity of hydrolyzed sludge, implying that the hydrolysis treatment of sewage sludge could be a promising and beneficially safe disposal technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mujahid Ali
- a State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou , People's Republic of China
| | - Qunxing Huang
- a State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou , People's Republic of China
| | - Bingcheng Lin
- a State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou , People's Republic of China
| | - Binhang Hu
- a State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou , People's Republic of China
| | - Fei Wang
- a State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou , People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Chi
- a State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou , People's Republic of China
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18
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Xie W, Wen S, Liu J, Xie W, Kuo J, Lu X, Sun S, Chang K, Buyukada M, Evrendilek F. Comparative thermogravimetric analyses of co-combustion of textile dyeing sludge and sugarcane bagasse in carbon dioxide/oxygen and nitrogen/oxygen atmospheres: Thermal conversion characteristics, kinetics, and thermodynamics. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2018; 255:88-95. [PMID: 29414178 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2018.01.110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2017] [Revised: 01/21/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Thermodynamic and kinetic parameters of co-combustion of textile dyeing sludge (TDS) and sugarcane bagasse (SB) were studied using thermogravimetric analysis in CO2/O2 and N2/O2 atmospheres. Our results showed that the comprehensive combustion characteristic index (CCI) of the blends was improved by 1.71-4.32 times. With the increased O2 concentration, co-combustion peak temperature decreased from 329.7 to 318.2 °C, with an increase in its maximum weight loss rate from 10.04 to 14.99%/min and its CCI by 1.31 times (β = 20 °C·min-1). To evaluate the co-combustion characteristics, thermodynamic and kinetic parameters (entropy, Gibbs free energy and enthalpy changes, and apparent activation energy) were obtained in the five atmospheres. The lowest apparent activation energy of the TB64 blend was obtained in oxy-fuel atmosphere (CO2/O2 = 7/3).
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhao Xie
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Shaoting Wen
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jingyong Liu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Wuming Xie
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jiahong Kuo
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xingwen Lu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Shuiyu Sun
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Kenlin Chang
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan
| | - Musa Buyukada
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Abant Izzet Baysal University, 14052 Bolu, Turkey
| | - Fatih Evrendilek
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Abant Izzet Baysal University, 14052 Bolu, Turkey
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19
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Wang Z, Hong C, Xing Y, Li Y, Feng L, Jia M. Combustion behaviors and kinetics of sewage sludge blended with pulverized coal: With and without catalysts. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2018; 74:288-296. [PMID: 29317162 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2018.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2017] [Revised: 11/25/2017] [Accepted: 01/01/2018] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The combustion behaviors of sewage sludge (SS), pulverized coal (PC), and their blends were studied using a thermogravimetric analyzer. The effect of the mass ratio of SS to PC on the co-combustion characteristics was analyzed. The experiments showed that the ignition performance of the blends improved significantly as the mass percentage of SS increased, but its combustion intensity decreased. The burnout temperature (Tb) and comprehensive combustibility index (S) of the blends were almost unchanged when the mass percentage of SS was less than 10%. However, a high mass percentage of SS (>10%) resulted in a great increase in Tb and a notable decrease in S. Subsequently, the effects of different catalysts (CaO, CeO2, MnO2, and Fe2O3) on the combustion characteristics and activation energy of the SS/PC blend were investigated. The four catalysts promoted the release and combustion of volatile matters in the blended fuels and shifted their combustion profiles to a low temperature. In addition, their peak separating tendencies were obvious at 350-550 C, resulting in high peak widths. All the catalysts improved combustion activity of the blended fuel and accelerated fixed carbon combustion, which decreased the ignition temperature and burnout temperature of the fuels. CeO2 had the best catalytic effects in terms of the comprehensive combustion performance and activation energy, followed closely by Fe2O3. However, the rare-earth compounds are expensive to be applied in the catalytic combustion process of SS/PC blend at present. Based on both catalytic effects and economy, Fe2O3 was potentially an optimal option for catalytic combustion among the tested catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqiang Wang
- Department of Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Resource-oriented Treatment of Industrial Pollutants, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Chen Hong
- Department of Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Resource-oriented Treatment of Industrial Pollutants, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Yi Xing
- Department of Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Resource-oriented Treatment of Industrial Pollutants, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Yifei Li
- Department of Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Resource-oriented Treatment of Industrial Pollutants, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Lihui Feng
- Department of Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Resource-oriented Treatment of Industrial Pollutants, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Mengmeng Jia
- Department of Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Resource-oriented Treatment of Industrial Pollutants, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
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20
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Sludge Acts as a Catalyst for Coal during the Co-Combustion Process Investigated by Thermogravimetric Analysis. ENERGIES 2017. [DOI: 10.3390/en10121993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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21
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Effect of Heating Rate on Pyrolysis Behavior and Kinetic Characteristics of Siderite. MINERALS 2017. [DOI: 10.3390/min7110211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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23
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Parthasarathy P, Choi HS, Hwang JG, Park HC. Determination of thermal decomposition kinetics of low grade coal employing thermogravimetric analysis. KOREAN J CHEM ENG 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s11814-017-0070-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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24
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Labaki M, Jeguirim M. Thermochemical conversion of waste tyres-a review. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 24:9962-9992. [PMID: 27796970 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-7780-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2016] [Accepted: 09/26/2016] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
A review of the energy recovery from waste tyres is presented and focuses on the three thermochemical processes used to valorise waste tyres: pyrolysis, gasification, and combustion/incineration. After recalling the chemical composition of tyres, the thermogravimetric behaviours of tyres or their components under different atmospheres are described. Different kinetic studies on the thermochemical processes are treated. Then, the three processes were investigated, with a particular attention given to the gasification, due to the information unavailability on this process. Pyrolysis is a thermochemical conversion to produce a hydrocarbon rich gas mixture, condensable liquids or tars, and a carbon-rich solid residue. Gasification is a form of pyrolysis, carried out at higher temperatures and under given atmosphere (air, steam, oxygen, carbon dioxide, etc.) in order to yield mainly low molecular weight gaseous products. Combustion is a process that needs a fuel and an oxidizer with an ignition system to produce heat and/or steam. The effects of various process parameters such as temperature, heating rate, residence time, catalyst addition, etc. on the energy efficiency and the products yields and characteristics are mainly reviewed. These thermochemical processes are considered to be the more attractive and practicable methods for recovering energy and material from waste tyres. For the future, they are the main promising issue to treat and valorise used tyres. However, efforts should be done in developing more efficient technical systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madona Labaki
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Materials (LCPM/PR2N), Faculty of Sciences, Lebanese University, Fanar, Jdeidet El Matn, 90656, Lebanon
| | - Mejdi Jeguirim
- Institut de Sciences des Matériaux de Mulhouse, UMR CNRS 7361, UHA, 15 rue Jean Starcky, 68057, Mulhouse, France.
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25
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Wang T, Xue Y, Zhou M, Yuan Y, Zhao S, Tan G, Zhou X, Geng J, Wu S, Hou H. Comparative study on the mobility and speciation of heavy metals in ashes from co-combustion of sewage sludge/dredged sludge and rice husk. CHEMOSPHERE 2017; 169:162-170. [PMID: 27875717 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.11.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2016] [Revised: 11/08/2016] [Accepted: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The co-combustion of sludge (sewage and dredged sludge) with rice husk is expected to become a trend because of its economic and environmental benefits. However, the massive residues from the co-combustion process and the mobility of heavy metals (HMs) warrant special attention. The basic performance and environmental properties of the trace elements (Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ba and Zn) from the co-combustion ashes were studied to promote the further utilization of these materials. These ashes have a shell particle shape, high specific area, high amorphous content and low crystalline phase content. The investigation mainly focused on the environmental properties of these ashes to evaluate the risk of these by-products to the environment. Results show Cu, Mn, and Zn have cumulative leaching concentrations of 1.033, 23.32, and 3.363 mg/L for W, by contrast, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ba, and Zn have cumulative leaching concentrations of 0.488, 0.296, 8.069, 10.44, 2.568, and 2.691 mg/L for H, which are much greater than the Chinese ground water standard (GB/T14848-93). Meanwhile Mn, Zn, Ba, Cr, and Fe all pose a very high risk for H, while Cu only poses a medium risk, and all HMs in W exhibit much lower contamination levels than those in H by the method of risk assessment code (RAC). It indicates that these ashes have undesirably high levels of HMs that demonstrate high mobility and pose environmental risks according to their leachability and chemical speciation. And the HMs in W show lower mobility and environmental hazards than those in H.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teng Wang
- School of Resource and Environment Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Yongjie Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Silicate Materials for Architectures, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Min Zhou
- School of Resource and Environment Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Yunjuan Yuan
- School of Resource and Environment Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Suyun Zhao
- School of Resource and Environment Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Gang Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Silicate Materials for Architectures, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Xian Zhou
- School of Resource and Environment Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Junjun Geng
- School of Resource and Environment Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Shaopeng Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Silicate Materials for Architectures, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Haobo Hou
- School of Resource and Environment Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China.
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Han H, Hu S, Lu C, Wang Y, Jiang L, Xiang J, Su S. Inhibitory effects of CaO/Fe2O3 on arsenic emission during sewage sludge pyrolysis. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2016; 218:134-139. [PMID: 27359062 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2016.06.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2016] [Revised: 06/17/2016] [Accepted: 06/18/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
This work aimed to investigate effects and reaction mechanisms of CaO/Fe2O3 on emission behaviors of arsenic during sewage sludge pyrolysis. The results showed that 24.8-54.2%, 26.4-60.4% and 27.7-63.1% of arsenic escaped from three samples when pyrolysis process happened at 723, 923 and 1123K respectively. And the sludge which contained higher calcium and iron contents released less arsenic than others. External CaO and Fe2O3 were added into the sewage sludge to study their effects on arsenic emissions during pyrolysis, where both of them inhibited arsenic emission effectively, especially at high temperatures. With the help of thermogravimetry analysis and X-ray fluorescence, inhibitory mechanisms of CaO/Fe2O3 on arsenic emission during sewage sludge pyrolysis were studied. CaO could react with As2O3, As2S3 and NaAsO2 to form nonvolatile substances, such as Ca(AsO2)2; while Fe2O3 could react with NaAsO2 to generate certain substances which was stable below 1123K.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hengda Han
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Song Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China; China-EU Institute for Clean and Renewable Energy at Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, China.
| | - Chaofeng Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Yi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Long Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Jun Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Sheng Su
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China; China-EU Institute for Clean and Renewable Energy at Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, China
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Krahnstöver T, Plattner J, Wintgens T. Quantitative detection of powdered activated carbon in wastewater treatment plant effluent by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). WATER RESEARCH 2016; 101:510-518. [PMID: 27295625 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2016.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2016] [Revised: 05/27/2016] [Accepted: 06/03/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
For the elimination of potentially harmful micropollutants, powdered activated carbon (PAC) adsorption is applied in many wastewater treatment plants (WWTP). This holds the risk of PAC leakage into the WWTP effluent and desorption of contaminants into natural water bodies. In order to assess a potential PAC leakage, PAC concentrations below several mg/L have to be detected in the WWTP effluent. None of the methods that are used for water analysis today are able to differentiate between activated carbon and solid background matrix. Thus, a selective, quantitative and easily applicable method is still needed for the detection of PAC residues in wastewater. In the present study, a method was developed to quantitatively measure the PAC content in wastewater by using filtration and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), which is a well-established technique for the distinction between different solid materials. For the sample filtration, quartz filters with a temperature stability up to 950 °C were used. This allowed for sensitive and well reproducible measurements, as the TGA was not affected by the presence of the filter. The sample's mass fractions were calculated by integrating the mass decrease rate obtained by TGA in specific, clearly identifiable peak areas. A two-step TGA heating method consisting of N2 and O2 atmospheres led to a good differentiation between PAC and biological background matrix, thanks to the reduction of peak overlapping. A linear correlation was found between a sample's PAC content and the corresponding peak areas under N2 and O2, the sample volume and the solid mass separated by filtration. Based on these findings, various wastewater samples from different WWTPs were then analyzed by TGA with regard to their PAC content. It was found that, compared to alternative techniques such as measurement of turbidity or total suspended solids, the newly developed TGA method allows for a quantitative and selective detection of PAC concentrations down to 0.1 mg/L. The method showed a linearity coefficient of 0.98 and relative standard deviations of 10%, using small water sample volumes between 0.3 and 0.6 L.
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Affiliation(s)
- Therese Krahnstöver
- Institute for Ecopreneurship, School of Life Sciences, University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland, Gründenstrasse 40, 4132 Muttenz, Switzerland
| | - Julia Plattner
- Institute for Ecopreneurship, School of Life Sciences, University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland, Gründenstrasse 40, 4132 Muttenz, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Wintgens
- Institute for Ecopreneurship, School of Life Sciences, University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland, Gründenstrasse 40, 4132 Muttenz, Switzerland.
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28
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Han K, Wang Q, Zhao J, Luo KH, Li H, Chen Y, Lu C. Combustion pattern, characteristics, and kinetics of biomass and chars from segmented heating carbonization. ASIA-PAC J CHEM ENG 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/apj.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kuihua Han
- School of Energy and Power Engineering; Shandong University; Jinan 250061 China
- Department of Mechanical Engineering; University College London; London WC1E 7JE UK
| | - Qian Wang
- School of Energy and Power Engineering; Shandong University; Jinan 250061 China
| | - Jianli Zhao
- School of Energy and Power Engineering; Shandong University; Jinan 250061 China
| | - K. H. Luo
- Department of Mechanical Engineering; University College London; London WC1E 7JE UK
| | - Hui Li
- School of Energy and Power Engineering; Shandong University; Jinan 250061 China
| | - Yang Chen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering; University College London; London WC1E 7JE UK
- Center for Combustion Energy; Tsinghua University; Beijing 100084 China
| | - Chunmei Lu
- School of Energy and Power Engineering; Shandong University; Jinan 250061 China
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29
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Antonkiewicz J, Kołodziej B, Bielińska EJ. The use of reed canary grass and giant miscanthus in the phytoremediation of municipal sewage sludge. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 23:9505-9517. [PMID: 26841773 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-6175-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2015] [Accepted: 01/25/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The application of municipal sewage sludge on energy crops is an alternative form of recycling nutrients, food materials, and organic matter from waste. Municipal sewage sludge constitutes a potential source of heavy metals in soil, which can be partially removed by the cultivation of energy crops. The aim of the research was to assess the effect of municipal sewage sludge on the uptake of heavy metals by monocotyledonous energy crops. Sewage sludge was applied at doses of 0, 10, 20, 40, and 60 Mg DM · ha(-1) once, before the sowing of plants. In a 6-year field experiment, the effect of four levels of fertilisation with sewage sludge on the uptake of heavy metals by two species of energy crops, reed canary grass (Phalaris arundinacea L.) of 'Bamse' cultivar and giant miscanthus (Miscanthus × giganteus GREEF et DEU), was analysed. It was established that the increasing doses of sewage sludge had a considerable effect on the increase in biomass yield from the tested plants. Due to the increasing doses of sewage sludge, a significant increase in heavy metals content in the energy crops was recorded. The heavy metal uptake with the miscanthus yield was the highest at a dose of 20 Mg DM · ha(-1), and at a dose of 40 Mg DM · ha(-1) in the case of reed canary grass. Research results indicate that on account of higher yields, higher bioaccumulation, and higher heavy metal uptake, miscanthus can be selected for the remediation of sewage sludge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacek Antonkiewicz
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Chemistry, Hugo Kołłątaj University of Agriculture in Krakow, 21 Mickiewicz St, 31-120, Krakow, Poland.
| | - Barbara Kołodziej
- Department of Industrial and Medicinal Plants, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 13 Akademicka St, 20-950, Lublin, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Jolanta Bielińska
- Institute of Soil Science Environment Engineering and Management, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 7 Leszczynskiego St, 20-069, Lublin, Poland
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30
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Zhou Y, Jin Y. Mathematical Modeling of Thin-layer Infrared Drying of Dewatered Municipal Sewage Sludge (DWMSS). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.proenv.2016.02.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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31
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Yang H, Xie J, He F, Mei S, Fang D. Thermal Behavior Study of Refuse-Derived Fuel (RDF) during Combustion by Thermogravimetric Analysis. JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING OF JAPAN 2016. [DOI: 10.1252/jcej.15we230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hu Yang
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology
| | - Junlin Xie
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology
- Center for Materials Research and Analysis, Wuhan University of Technology
| | - Feng He
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology
| | - Shuxia Mei
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology
| | - De Fang
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology
- Center for Materials Research and Analysis, Wuhan University of Technology
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32
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Chen J, Mu L, Cai J, Yao P, Song X, Yin H, Li A. Pyrolysis and oxy-fuel combustion characteristics and kinetics of petrochemical wastewater sludge using thermogravimetric analysis. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2015; 198:115-123. [PMID: 26386413 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2015.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2015] [Revised: 08/31/2015] [Accepted: 09/01/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The pyrolysis and oxy-fuel combustion characteristics of petrochemical wastewater sludge (PS) were studied in air (O2/N2) and oxy-fuel (O2/CO2) atmospheres using non-isothermal thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Pyrolysis experiments showed that the weight loss profiles were almost similar up to 1050K in both N2 and CO2 atmospheres, while further weight loss took place in CO2 atmosphere at higher temperatures due to char-CO2 gasification. Compared with 20%O2/80%N2, the drying and devolatilization stage of PS were delayed in 20%O2/80%CO2 due to the differences in properties of the diluting gases. In oxy-fuel combustion experiments, with O2 concentration increasing, characteristic temperatures decreased, while characteristic combustion rates and combustion performance indexes increased. Kinetic analysis of PS decomposition under various atmospheres was performed using Coats-Redfern approach. The results indicated that, with O2 concentration increasing, the activation energies of Step 1 almost kept constant, while the values of subsequent three steps increased.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianbiao Chen
- School of Energy and Power Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116023, Liaoning, China
| | - Lin Mu
- School of Energy and Power Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116023, Liaoning, China; Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116023, Liaoning, China
| | - Jingcheng Cai
- School of Energy and Power Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116023, Liaoning, China
| | - Pikai Yao
- School of Energy and Power Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116023, Liaoning, China
| | - Xigeng Song
- School of Energy and Power Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116023, Liaoning, China
| | - Hongchao Yin
- School of Energy and Power Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116023, Liaoning, China.
| | - Aimin Li
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116023, Liaoning, China
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33
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Buratti C, Barbanera M, Bartocci P, Fantozzi F. Thermogravimetric analysis of the behavior of sub-bituminous coal and cellulosic ethanol residue during co-combustion. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2015; 186:154-162. [PMID: 25817025 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2015.03.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2015] [Revised: 03/06/2015] [Accepted: 03/07/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The influence of the addition of cellulosic ethanol residue (CER) on the combustion of Indonesian sub-bituminous coal was analyzed by non isothermal thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA). The effect of blends ratio (5%, 10%, 15% and 20%), interaction mechanism, and heating rate (5°C/min, 10°C/min, 15°C/min, 20°C/min) on the combustion process was studied. The results show that the increase of the blending ratio allows to achieve the increase of the combustibility index from 7.49E-08 to 5.26E-07 at the blending ratio of 20%. Two types of non-isothermal kinetic analysis methods (Ozawa-Flynn-Wall and Vyazovkin) were also applied. Results indicate that the activation energy of the blends decreases with increasing the conversion rate. In particular, the blending ratio of 20% confirms to have the better combustion performance, with the average value of the activation energy equal to 41.10 kJ/mol obtained by Ozawa-Flynn-Wall model and 31.17 kJ/mol obtained by Vyazovkin model.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Buratti
- CRB - Biomass Research Centre, Via G. Duranti, 63, 06125 Perugia, Italy.
| | - M Barbanera
- CRB - Biomass Research Centre, Via G. Duranti, 63, 06125 Perugia, Italy
| | - P Bartocci
- CRB - Biomass Research Centre, Via G. Duranti, 63, 06125 Perugia, Italy
| | - F Fantozzi
- CRB - Biomass Research Centre, Via G. Duranti, 63, 06125 Perugia, Italy
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34
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Mu L, Chen J, Yin H, Song X, Li A, Chi X. Pyrolysis behaviors and kinetics of refining and chemicals wastewater, lignite and their blends through TGA. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2015; 180:22-31. [PMID: 25585257 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2014.12.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2014] [Revised: 12/23/2014] [Accepted: 12/24/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Co-pyrolysis behaviors of refining and chemicals wastewater solid (RS) and Huolinhe lignite (HL) were investigated via thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The thermal degradation process of RS and the blends proceeded in three stages, while two stages for HL. The increased percentage of RS in the blends reduced the characteristic temperature (Ti, Tp, Tf) and residual mass (Mr), while raised the characteristic reaction rate (Rp, Rv) and comprehensive devolatilization parameter (D). The results indicated that there existed some inhibitive interactions between RS and HL. The activation energies were calculated by using the Friedman and Starink method. The activation energy of RS increased first and then decreased with conversion degree, and the variation wasn't as great as that of the blends and lignite. No matter which conversion degree is, the activation energy decreased with the percentage of RS in the blends increasing. The minimum value was obtained by blending 75wt.% RS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Mu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116023, China; School of Energy and Power Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Jianbiao Chen
- School of Energy and Power Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116023, China.
| | - Hongchao Yin
- School of Energy and Power Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Xigeng Song
- School of Energy and Power Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Aimin Li
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Xiao Chi
- Heat/Electric Power Eng. Design Dept. NORINDAR International, (Group) Ltd., Shijiazhuang 050011, China
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35
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Zhai Y, Zhu L, Chen H, Xu B, Li C, Zeng G. Experimental investigation on NOx emission characteristics of a new solid fuel made from sewage sludge mixed with coal in combustion. WASTE MANAGEMENT & RESEARCH : THE JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOLID WASTES AND PUBLIC CLEANSING ASSOCIATION, ISWA 2015; 33:157-164. [PMID: 25649404 DOI: 10.1177/0734242x14565211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
In this article, a new briquette fuel (SC), which was produced by the mixture of coal fines (25.9%), sewage sludge (60.6%), lignin (4.5%), tannic acid (4.5%) and elemental silicon (4.5%), was provided. Then, in a high temperature electric resistance tubular furnace, the total emissions of NO2 and NO, effects of combustion temperature, air flow rate and heating rate on NOx (NO, NO2) emissions of SC were studied during the combustion of SC; furthermore, effects of additives on hardness were also analysed, and the X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy was applied to investigate the reduced NOx emission mechanism. The research results showed that, compared with the characteristics of briquette fuel (SC0) produced only by the mixture of coal and sewage sludge (the ratio of coal to sewage sludge was the same as that of SC), the Meyer hardness of SC was 12.6% higher than that of SC0 and the emissions of NOx were 27.83% less than that of SC0 under the same combustion conditions. The NOx emissions of SC decreased with the adding of heating rate and increased with the rise of air flow rate. When the temperature was below 1000 °C, the emissions of NOx increased with the elevated temperature, however, further temperature extension will result in a decreasing in emissions of NOx. Furthermore, the X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy results proposed that the possible mechanism for the reduction of NOx emissions was nitrogen and silicon in SC to form the compounds of silicon and nitrogen at high temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunbo Zhai
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, People's Republic of China Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, People's Republic of China
| | - Lu Zhu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, People's Republic of China Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongmei Chen
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, People's Republic of China Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, People's Republic of China
| | - Bibo Xu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, People's Republic of China Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, People's Republic of China
| | - Caiting Li
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, People's Republic of China Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, People's Republic of China
| | - Guangming Zeng
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, People's Republic of China Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, People's Republic of China
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36
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Chen T, Yang ZH, Huang J, Xu R, Xu HY, Song P, Cao L. Drying behavior and thermo-gravimetrical kinetic analysis of foam-pretreated sewage sludge. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra11479a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
An innovative pretreatment technology, in which CaO was jointly added with NaOH followed by appropriate mechanical whipping, was investigated for the foaming and drying of sewage sludge (SS).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Chen
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering
- Hunan University
- Changsha 410082
- P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University)
| | - Zhao-Hui Yang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering
- Hunan University
- Changsha 410082
- P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University)
| | - Jing Huang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering
- Hunan University
- Changsha 410082
- P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University)
| | - Rui Xu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering
- Hunan University
- Changsha 410082
- P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University)
| | - Hai-yin Xu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering
- Hunan University
- Changsha 410082
- P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University)
| | - Peipei Song
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering
- Hunan University
- Changsha 410082
- P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University)
| | - Liang Cao
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering
- Hunan University
- Changsha 410082
- P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University)
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37
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Nonisothermal thermogravimetric analysis of Thai lignite with high CaO content. ScientificWorldJournal 2013; 2013:216975. [PMID: 24250259 PMCID: PMC3821929 DOI: 10.1155/2013/216975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2013] [Accepted: 09/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Thermal behaviors and combustion kinetics of Thai lignite with different SO3-free
CaO contents were investigated. Nonisothermal thermogravimetric method was carried out under
oxygen environment at heating rates of 10, 30, and 50°C min−1 from
ambient up to 1300°C. Flynn-Wall-Ozawa (FWO) and Kissinger-Akahira-Sunose (KAS)
methods were adopted to estimate the apparent activation energy (E) for the thermal decomposition of these coals. Different thermal
degradation behaviors were observed in lignites with low (14%) and high
(42%) CaO content. Activation energy of the lignite combustion was found
to vary with the conversion fraction. In comparison with the KAS method, higher E values were obtained by the FWO method for all conversions considered.
High CaO lignite was observed to have higher activation energy than the low CaO coal.
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38
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Li XG, Lv Y, Ma BG, Jian SW, Tan HB. Thermogravimetric investigation on co-combustion characteristics of tobacco residue and high-ash anthracite coal. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2011; 102:9783-7. [PMID: 21865028 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2011.07.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2011] [Revised: 07/29/2011] [Accepted: 07/31/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The thermal behavior of high-ash anthracite coal, tobacco residue and their blends during combustion processes was investigated by means of thermogravimetric analysis (20 K min(-1), ranging from ambient temperature to 1273 K). Effects of the mixed proportion between coal and tobacco residue on the combustion process, ignition and burnout characteristics were also studied. The results indicated that the combustion of tobacco residue was controlled by the emission of volatile matter; the regions were more complex for tobacco residue (four peaks) than for coal (two peaks). Also, the blends had integrative thermal profiles that reflected both tobacco residue and coal. The incorporation of tobacco residue could improve the combustion characteristics of high-ash anthracite coal, especially the ignition and burnout characteristics comparing with the separate burning of tobacco residue and coal. It was feasible to use the co-combustion of tobacco residue and high-ash anthracite coal as fuel.
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Affiliation(s)
- X G Li
- State Key Laboratory of Silicate Materials for Architectures, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, PR China.
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39
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Huang YF, Kuan WH, Chiueh PT, Lo SL. A sequential method to analyze the kinetics of biomass pyrolysis. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2011; 102:9241-9246. [PMID: 21803573 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2011.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2011] [Revised: 07/06/2011] [Accepted: 07/08/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The kinetics of biomass pyrolysis was studied via a sequential method including two stages. Stage one is to analyze the kinetics of biomass pyrolysis and starts with the determination of unreacted fraction of sample at the maximum reaction rate, (1-α)(m). Stage two provides a way to simulate the reaction rate profile and to verify the appropriateness of kinetic parameters calculated in the previous stage. Filter paper, xylan, and alkali lignin were used as representatives of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin whose pyrolysis was analyzed with the assumption of the orders of reaction being 1, 2, and 3, respectively. For most of the biomass pyrolysis, kinetic parameters were properly determined and reaction rate profiles were adequately simulated by regarding the order of reaction as 1. This new method should be applicable to most of the biomass pyrolysis and similar reactions whose (1-α)(m) is acquirable, representative, and reliable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y F Huang
- Graduate Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Taiwan University, 71 Chou-Shan Road, Taipei 106, Taiwan, ROC
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40
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Otero M, Sánchez ME, Gómez X. Co-firing of coal and manure biomass: a TG-MS approach. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2011; 102:8304-8309. [PMID: 21737261 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2011.06.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2011] [Revised: 06/08/2011] [Accepted: 06/11/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Manure is a rich organic waste which, apart from its traditional use as a fertilizer, could be used as a bioenergy feedstock. In this sense, its utilization as a sole fuel or its co-combustion together with coal would be a choice for the management of this sort of biowaste. However, little is known about the behavior of this biowaste when submitted to high-temperature energy-conversion processes. Thus, the separate combustion of swine manure and coal and their co-combustion (10% dried weight of manure) were studied by simultaneous TG/MS dynamic runs. TG-MS analysis was successfully used as an easy rapid tool to assess the combustion of manure, alone or together with coal. Furthermore, non-isothermal kinetic analysis showed that the Arrhenius activation energy corresponding to the combustion of the blend (125.8-138.9 kJ/mol) was only slightly higher than that of manure (106.4-114.4 kJ/mol) or coal (107.0-119.6 kJ/mol).
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Affiliation(s)
- M Otero
- CESAM, Centro de Estudos do Ambiente e do Mar, University of Aveiro - Campus de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
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41
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Niu S, Han K, Lu C. Kinetic calculations for the thermal decomposition of calcium propionate under non-isothermal conditions. CHINESE SCIENCE BULLETIN-CHINESE 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s11434-010-4065-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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42
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Ji A, Zhang S, Lu X, Liu Y. A new method for evaluating the sewage sludge pyrolysis kinetics. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2010; 30:1225-1229. [PMID: 19897350 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2009.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2009] [Revised: 09/04/2009] [Accepted: 10/01/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
A new method to simplify calculation the kinetics model is applied to sewage sludge pyrolysis based on the assumption that volatile run out as soon as it formed and during temperature arising process in this study. Difference method widely used to solve math problems is conducted to calculate kinetics parameters. Pyrolysis experiments are carried out at heating rates of 10, 15, 20, and 50 degrees C/min. All the TG curves are divided into three parts which are beginning decomposition temperature range, main decomposition temperature range, and final decomposition temperature range. The second one is employed to determine the parameters for more than 70% of the total mass loss occurs in this range. According to the developed method, the react order, reaction energy and pre-exponential factor are obtained, which are in the range of 3.9-4.1, 82.3-109.2 kJ/mol and 7.7 x 10(6)-2.8 x 10(9)/min, respectively, which are in the range of that reported previously. As a comparison experimental data with calculated data, the well fitting results indicate that this method is appropriate for simulating sludge pyrolysis kinetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aimin Ji
- School of Environmental Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
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