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Wang X, Wang M, Sun J, Qu X, Wang S, Sun T. Establishment of an Efficient Genetic Transformation System in Sanghuangporus baumii. J Fungi (Basel) 2024; 10:137. [PMID: 38392809 PMCID: PMC10890400 DOI: 10.3390/jof10020137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Sanghuangporus baumii, a valuable medicinal fungus, has limited studies on its gene function due to the lack of a genetic transformation system. (2) Methods: This study aimed to establish an efficient Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation (ATMT) system for S. baumii. This study involved cloning the promoter (glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, gpd) of S. baumii, reconstructing the transformation vector, optimizing the treatment of receptor tissues, and inventing a new method for screening positive transformants. (3) Results: The established ATMT system involved replacing the CaMV35S promoter of pCAMBIA-1301 with the gpd promoter of S. baumii to construct the pCAMBIA-SH-gpd transformation vector. The vectors were then transferred to A. tumefaciens (EHA105) for infection. This study found that the transformation efficiency was higher in the infection using pCAMBIA-SH-gpd vectors than using pCAMBIA-1301 vectors. The mycelia of S. baumii were homogenized for 20 s and collected as the genetic transformation receptor. After 20 min of co-culture and 48 h of incubation in 15 mL PDL medium at 25 °C, new colonies grew. (4) Conclusions: These colonies were transferred to PDA medium (hygromycin 4 μg/mL, cefotaxime 300 μg/mL), and the transformation efficiency was determined to be 33.7% using PCR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xutong Wang
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tree and Grass Genetics and Breeding, College of Forestry and Grassland Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Xincheng Street 2888, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Mandi Wang
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tree and Grass Genetics and Breeding, College of Forestry and Grassland Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Xincheng Street 2888, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Jian Sun
- College of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Hexing Road 26, Xiangfang District, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Xiaolei Qu
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Daqing Normal University, Binxi Road, Daqing 163712, China
| | - Shixin Wang
- College of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Hexing Road 26, Xiangfang District, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Tingting Sun
- Department of Food Engineering, Harbin University, Zhongxing Road 109, Nangang District, Harbin 150086, China
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Shi L, Ren A, Zhu J, Liu R, Zhao M. Research Progress on Edible Fungi Genetic System. ADVANCES IN BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING/BIOTECHNOLOGY 2023; 184:269-284. [PMID: 35364695 DOI: 10.1007/10_2021_192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
In order to obtain strains with targeted changes in genetic characteristics, molecular biology and genetic engineering techniques are used to integrate target gene fragments into the vector and transform them into recipient cells. Due to the different target genes and functional elements on the transformation plasmids, gene silencing, gene knockout, and gene overexpression can be carried out, which provides a new way to study the gene function of edible fungi. At present, the cloning vectors used in the transformation of edible fungi are modified by bacterial plasmids, among which pCAMBIA-1300 plasmid and pAN7 plasmid are the two most commonly used basic vectors. On this basis, some basic elements such as promoters, selective marker genes, and reporter genes were added to construct silencing vectors, knockout vectors, and overexpression vectors. At the same time, different expression vector systems are needed for different transformation methods. In this chapter, the main elements of the genetic system (promoters, screening markers), the current main genetic transformation methods (Agrobacterium-mediated transformation, liposome transformation, electroporation method), and the specific application of transformation were systematically summarized, which provides a reference for the study of the genetic system of edible fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Shi
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environmental Microbiology, Ministry of Agriculture, Department of Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Ang Ren
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environmental Microbiology, Ministry of Agriculture, Department of Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environmental Microbiology, Ministry of Agriculture, Department of Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Liu
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environmental Microbiology, Ministry of Agriculture, Department of Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingwen Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environmental Microbiology, Ministry of Agriculture, Department of Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
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Zhao F, Liu X, Chen C, Cheng Z, Wang W, Yun J. Successive mycelial subculturing decreased lignocellulase activity and increased ROS accumulation in Volvariella volvacea. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:997485. [PMID: 36187940 PMCID: PMC9520666 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.997485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Strain degradation is a common problem in many artificially-cultivated edible mushrooms. As a fungus with poor tolerance to low-temperature, Volvariella volvacea cannot delay its degradation by long-term low temperature storage like other fungi, so its degradation is particularly severe, which hinders industrial applications. Periodic mycelial subculture is a common storage method for V. volvacea, but excessive subculturing can also lead to strain degeneration. After 20 months of continuous subculturing every 3 days, V. volvacea strains S1–S20 were obtained, and their characteristics throughout the subculture process were analyzed. With increasing number of subculture, the growth rate, mycelial biomass, the number of fruiting bodies and biological efficiency gradually decreased while the production cycle and the time to primordium formation was lengthened. Strains S13–S20, obtained after 13–20 months of mycelial subculturing, also lacked the ability to produce fruiting bodies during cultivation experiments. Determination of reactive oxygen species (ROS) content as well as enzyme activity showed that decreased lignocellulase activity, along with excessive accumulation of ROS, was concomitant with the subculture-associated degeneration of V. volvacea. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was eventually used to analyze the gene expression for lignocellulase and antioxidant enzymes in subcultured V. volvacea strains, with the results found to be consistent with prior observations regarding enzyme activities. These findings could form the basis of further studies on the degeneration mechanism of V. volvacea and other fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengyun Zhao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Fengyun Zhao,
| | - Xiaoxia Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
- Higher Vocational College, Shaanxi institute of international trade and Commerce, Xi’an, China
| | - Chao Chen
- Sinograin Chengdu Storage Research Institute Co. Ltd, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhihong Cheng
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Wenpei Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jianmin Yun
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
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Bhardwaj N, Kumar B, Agrawal K, Verma P. Current perspective on production and applications of microbial cellulases: a review. BIORESOUR BIOPROCESS 2021; 8:95. [PMID: 38650192 PMCID: PMC10992179 DOI: 10.1186/s40643-021-00447-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The potential of cellulolytic enzymes has been widely studied and explored for bioconversion processes and plays a key role in various industrial applications. Cellulase, a key enzyme for cellulose-rich waste feedstock-based biorefinery, has increasing demand in various industries, e.g., paper and pulp, juice clarification, etc. Also, there has been constant progress in developing new strategies to enhance its production, such as the application of waste feedstock as the substrate for the production of individual or enzyme cocktails, process parameters control, and genetic manipulations for enzyme production with enhanced yield, efficiency, and specificity. Further, an insight into immobilization techniques has also been presented for improved reusability of cellulase, a critical factor that controls the cost of the enzyme at an industrial scale. In addition, the review also gives an insight into the status of the significant application of cellulase in the industrial sector, with its techno-economic analysis for future applications. The present review gives a complete overview of current perspectives on the production of microbial cellulases as a promising tool to develop a sustainable and greener concept for industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nisha Bhardwaj
- Bioprocess and Bioenergy Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Central University of Rajasthan, NH-8, Bandarsindri, Kishangarh, Ajmer, Rajasthan, 305817, India
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Institute of Chemical Technology, Nathalal Parekh Marg, Matunga, Mumbai, Maharashtra, 400019, India
| | - Bikash Kumar
- Bioprocess and Bioenergy Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Central University of Rajasthan, NH-8, Bandarsindri, Kishangarh, Ajmer, Rajasthan, 305817, India
| | - Komal Agrawal
- Bioprocess and Bioenergy Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Central University of Rajasthan, NH-8, Bandarsindri, Kishangarh, Ajmer, Rajasthan, 305817, India
| | - Pradeep Verma
- Bioprocess and Bioenergy Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Central University of Rajasthan, NH-8, Bandarsindri, Kishangarh, Ajmer, Rajasthan, 305817, India.
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Hong CP, Moon S, Yoo SI, Noh JH, Ko HG, Kim HA, Ro HS, Cho H, Chung JW, Lee HY, Ryu H. Functional Analysis of a Novel ABL ( Abnormal Browning Related to Light) Gene in Mycelial Brown Film Formation of Lentinula edodes. J Fungi (Basel) 2020; 6:E272. [PMID: 33182449 PMCID: PMC7712820 DOI: 10.3390/jof6040272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Revised: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Lentinula edodes is a globally important edible mushroom species that is appreciated for its medicinal properties as well as its nutritional value. During commercial cultivation, a mycelial brown film forms on the surface of the sawdust growth medium at the late vegetative stage. Mycelial film formation is a critical developmental process that contributes to the quantity and quality of the mushroom yield. However, little is known regarding the genetic underpinnings of brown film formation on the surface of mycelial tissue. A novel causal gene associated with the formation of the mycelial brown film, named ABL (Abnormal browning related to light), was identified in this study. The comparative genetic analysis by dihybrid crosses between normal and abnormal browning film cultivars demonstrated that a single dominant allele was responsible for the abnormal mycelium browning phenotype. Whole-genome sequencing analysis of hybrid isolates revealed five missense single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the ABL locus of individuals forming abnormal partial brown films. Additional whole-genome resequencing of a further 16 cultivars showed that three of the five missense SNPs were strongly associated with the abnormal browning phenotype. Overexpression of the dominant abl-D allele in a wild-type background conferred the abnormal mycelial browning phenotype upon transformants, with slender hyphae observed as a general defective mycelial growth phenotype. Our methodology will aid the future discovery of candidate genes associated with favorable traits in edible mushrooms. The discovery of a novel gene, ABL, associated with mycelial film formation will facilitate marker-associated breeding in L. edodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Pyo Hong
- Department of R&D Planning & Management, Theragen Bio, Suwon 16229, Korea; (C.P.H.); (S.-i.Y.); (H.A.K.)
| | - Suyun Moon
- Department of Biology, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea;
| | - Seung-il Yoo
- Department of R&D Planning & Management, Theragen Bio, Suwon 16229, Korea; (C.P.H.); (S.-i.Y.); (H.A.K.)
| | - Jong-Hyun Noh
- Forest Mushroom Research Center, National Forestry Cooperative Federation, Yeoju 12653, Korea; (J.-H.N.); (H.-G.K.)
| | - Han-Gyu Ko
- Forest Mushroom Research Center, National Forestry Cooperative Federation, Yeoju 12653, Korea; (J.-H.N.); (H.-G.K.)
| | - Hyun A. Kim
- Department of R&D Planning & Management, Theragen Bio, Suwon 16229, Korea; (C.P.H.); (S.-i.Y.); (H.A.K.)
| | - Hyeon-Su Ro
- Division of Applied Life Science and Research Institute of Life Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea;
| | - Hyunwoo Cho
- Department of Industrial Plant Science and Technology, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea; (H.C.); (J.-W.C.)
| | - Jong-Wook Chung
- Department of Industrial Plant Science and Technology, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea; (H.C.); (J.-W.C.)
| | - Hwa-Yong Lee
- Department of Forest Science, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea
| | - Hojin Ryu
- Department of Biology, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea;
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Chen N, Chen M, Wu T, Bian Y, Xu Z. The development of an efficient RNAi system based on Agrobacterium-mediated transformation approach for studying functional genomics in medical fungus Wolfiporia cocos. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 36:140. [PMID: 32803511 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-020-02916-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Genetic transformation methods reported for Wolfiporia cocos are limited. In this study, we describe an efficient RNA interference (RNAi) system based on Agrobacterium-mediated transformation approach in W. cocos for the first time. Actively growing mycelial plugs were used as recipients for transformation using endogenous orotidine-5'-phosphate decarboxylase gene (URA3) as both a selective marker and a silencing gene, under the control of the dual promoters of Legpd and Leactin from Lentinula edodes and the single promoter of Wcgpd from W. cocos, respectively. The results showed that both the two kinds of promoters effectively drive the expression of URA3 gene, and the URA3-silenced transformants could be selected on CYM medium containing 5'-fluoroorotic acid. In addition, silencing URA3 gene has no effect on the growth of W. cocos hyphae. The incomplete silencing of the URA3 locus was also observed in this study. This study will promote further study on the mechanism of substrate degradation, sclerotial formation, and biosynthesis network of pharmacological compounds in W. cocos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naiyao Chen
- Institute of Applied Mycology, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Mengting Chen
- Institute of Applied Mycology, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Ting Wu
- Institute of Applied Mycology, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Yinbing Bian
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Microbial Resource Comprehensive Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Zhangyi Xu
- Institute of Applied Mycology, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China. .,Key Laboratory of Agro-Microbial Resource Comprehensive Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
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7
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Liu P, Yuan J, Jiang Z, Wang Y, Weng B, Li G. A lower cadmium accumulating strain of Agaricus brasiliensis produced by 60Co-γ-irradiation. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2019.108370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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8
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Nguyen DX, Sakaguchi T, Nakazawa T, Sakamoto M, Honda Y. A 14-bp stretch plays a critical role in regulating gene expression from β1-tubulin promoters of basidiomycetes. Curr Genet 2019; 66:217-228. [DOI: 10.1007/s00294-019-01014-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Revised: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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9
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Effects of Medium Composition and Genetic Background on Agrobacterium-Mediated Transformation Efficiency of Lentinula edodes. Genes (Basel) 2019; 10:genes10060467. [PMID: 31248134 PMCID: PMC6627104 DOI: 10.3390/genes10060467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Revised: 06/08/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The establishment of genetic transformation method is crucial for the functional genomics research in filamentous fungi. Although the transformation method has been developed in several types of fungi, a highly efficient and convenient transformation system is desperately needed in Lentinula edodes. Present work established the Agrobacterium-mediated transformation (ATMT) of basidiomycete L. edodes in both monokaryon and dikaryon mycelia by using constructed binary plasmid pCAMBIA-1300-GFP. Then, the transformation efficiency of ATMT was evaluated by using different mediums for recipient incubation and different varieties of L. edodes. The results showed that in dikaryon strain W1, the positive hygromycin-resistant transformants was observed in all medium with the positive frequency of selected transformants that ranged from 0 to 30%. While in the monokaryon strain W1-26, only the millet medium group obtained positive transformants with a positive frequency of 75.48%. Moreover, three dikaryotic wild strains (YS55, YS3334, and YS3357) and two dikaryotic cultivated strains (W1 and S606) showed the highest transformation efficiency, with 32.96% of the germination frequency, and 85.12% of positive frequency for hygromycin-resistant transformants. This work demonstrated that Agrobacterium-mediated transformation was successfully performed in L. edodes, and the genotype of recipients as well as the medium for mycelial incubation were suggested to play key roles in determining the transformation efficiency. These findings may provide new avenues for the genetic modification of edible mushroom and may extend the cognition of DNA-mediated transformation in filamentous fungi.
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Wang Y, Li G, Jiao X, Cheng X, Abdullah M, Li D, Lin Y, Cai Y, Nie F. Molecular characterization and overexpression of mnp6 and vp3 from Pleurotus ostreatus revealed their involvement in biodegradation of cotton stalk lignin. Biol Open 2019; 8:bio036483. [PMID: 30584069 PMCID: PMC6398461 DOI: 10.1242/bio.036483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Fungal secretory heme peroxidase (Class II POD) plays a significant role in biomass conversion due to its lignin-degrading activity. In this study, genome-wide identification and bioinformatics were performed to analyze P leurotus ostreatus peroxidases (PoPODs). A total of six manganese peroxidases (MnPs) and three versatile peroxidases (VPs) were obtained. Bioinformatics analysis and qRT-PCR showed that P. ostreatus mnp6 (Pomnp6) and P. ostreatus vp3 (Povp3) could be involved in lignin degradation. Both Pomnp6 and Povp3 transgenetic fungi showed significantly increased lignin degradation of cotton stalks. 1H-NMR revealed that Pomnp6 and Povp3 may preferentially degrade S-lignin in cotton stalks and mainly break β-O-4' bond linkages and hydroxyl. These results support the possible utility of Pomnp6 and Povp3 in natural straw resources and development of sustainable energy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Guoqing Li
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
- Horticultural Research Institute, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Xiaoyu Jiao
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Xi Cheng
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Muhammad Abdullah
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Dahui Li
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Yi Lin
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Yongping Cai
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Fan Nie
- Horticultural Research Institute, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
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A colonized millet grain method for Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of the button mushroom Agaricus bisporus. J Microbiol Methods 2018; 152:148-153. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2018.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Revised: 07/27/2018] [Accepted: 07/29/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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12
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Poyedinok NL, Blume YB. Advances, Problems, and Prospects of Genetic Transformation of Fungi. CYTOL GENET+ 2018. [DOI: 10.3103/s009545271802007x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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13
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Idnurm A, Bailey AM, Cairns TC, Elliott CE, Foster GD, Ianiri G, Jeon J. A silver bullet in a golden age of functional genomics: the impact of Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of fungi. Fungal Biol Biotechnol 2017; 4:6. [PMID: 28955474 PMCID: PMC5615635 DOI: 10.1186/s40694-017-0035-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2017] [Accepted: 09/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The implementation of Agrobacterium tumefaciens as a transformation tool revolutionized approaches to discover and understand gene functions in a large number of fungal species. A. tumefaciens mediated transformation (AtMT) is one of the most transformative technologies for research on fungi developed in the last 20 years, a development arguably only surpassed by the impact of genomics. AtMT has been widely applied in forward genetics, whereby generation of strain libraries using random T-DNA insertional mutagenesis, combined with phenotypic screening, has enabled the genetic basis of many processes to be elucidated. Alternatively, AtMT has been fundamental for reverse genetics, where mutant isolates are generated with targeted gene deletions or disruptions, enabling gene functional roles to be determined. When combined with concomitant advances in genomics, both forward and reverse approaches using AtMT have enabled complex fungal phenotypes to be dissected at the molecular and genetic level. Additionally, in several cases AtMT has paved the way for the development of new species to act as models for specific areas of fungal biology, particularly in plant pathogenic ascomycetes and in a number of basidiomycete species. Despite its impact, the implementation of AtMT has been uneven in the fungi. This review provides insight into the dynamics of expansion of new research tools into a large research community and across multiple organisms. As such, AtMT in the fungi, beyond the demonstrated and continuing power for gene discovery and as a facile transformation tool, provides a model to understand how other technologies that are just being pioneered, e.g. CRISPR/Cas, may play roles in fungi and other eukaryotic species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Idnurm
- School of BioSciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010 Australia
| | - Andy M. Bailey
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Timothy C. Cairns
- Department of Applied and Molecular Microbiology, Technische Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Candace E. Elliott
- School of BioSciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010 Australia
| | - Gary D. Foster
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Giuseppe Ianiri
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, USA
| | - Junhyun Jeon
- College of Life and Applied Sciences, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, South Korea
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Govender N, Wong MY. Detection of Oil Palm Root Penetration by Agrobacterium-Mediated Transformed Ganoderma boninense, Expressing Green Fluorescent Protein. PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2017; 107:483-490. [PMID: 27918241 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-02-16-0062-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
A highly efficient and reproducible Agrobacterium-mediated transformation protocol for Ganoderma boninense was developed to facilitate observation of the early stage infection of basal stem rot (BSR). The method was proven amenable to different explants (basidiospore, protoplast, and mycelium) of G. boninense. The transformation efficiency was highest (62%) under a treatment combination of protoplast explant and Agrobacterium strain LBA4404, with successful expression of an hyg marker gene and gus-gfp fusion gene under the control of heterologous p416 glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase promoter. Optimal transformation conditions included a 1:100 Agrobacterium/explant ratio, induction of Agrobacterium virulence genes in the presence of 250 μm acetosyringone, co-cultivation at 22°C for 2 days on nitrocellulose membrane overlaid on an induction medium, and regeneration of transformants on potato glucose agar prepared with 0.6 M sucrose and 20 mM phosphate buffer. Evaluated transformants were able to infect root tissues of oil palm plantlets with needle-like microhyphae during the penetration event. The availability of this model pathogen system for BSR may lead to a better understanding of the pathogenicity factors associated with G. boninense penetration into oil palm roots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nisha Govender
- First and second authors: Laboratory of Plantation Crops, Institute of Tropical Agriculture, and second author: Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mui-Yun Wong
- First and second authors: Laboratory of Plantation Crops, Institute of Tropical Agriculture, and second author: Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
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15
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Romruen U, Bangyeekhun E. Yield improvement of the king oyster mushroom, Pleurotus eryngii, by transformation of its cellulase gene. Biologia (Bratisl) 2017. [DOI: 10.1515/biolog-2017-0023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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16
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Jiang W, Lv B, Wu X, Wang J, Wu G, Shi C, Tang X. Analysis of synonymous codon usage patterns in the edible fungusVolvariella volvacea. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2016; 64:218-224. [DOI: 10.1002/bab.1538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2016] [Accepted: 09/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Jiang
- Biotechnology Research Institute; Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Shanghai People's Republic of China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetics and Breeding; Shanghai People's Republic of China
| | - Beibei Lv
- Biotechnology Research Institute; Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Shanghai People's Republic of China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetics and Breeding; Shanghai People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao Wu
- Biotechnology Research Institute; Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Shanghai People's Republic of China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetics and Breeding; Shanghai People's Republic of China
| | - Jinbin Wang
- Biotechnology Research Institute; Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Shanghai People's Republic of China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetics and Breeding; Shanghai People's Republic of China
| | - Guogan Wu
- Biotechnology Research Institute; Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Shanghai People's Republic of China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetics and Breeding; Shanghai People's Republic of China
| | - Chunhui Shi
- Forestry and Fruit Tree Institute; Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Shanghai People's Republic of China
| | - Xueming Tang
- Biotechnology Research Institute; Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Shanghai People's Republic of China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetics and Breeding; Shanghai People's Republic of China
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17
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Homologous and Heterologous Expression of Basidiomycete Genes Related to Plant Biomass Degradation. Fungal Biol 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-27951-0_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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18
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Biosynthesis of Resveratrol in Blastospore of the Macrofungus Tremella fuciformis. Mol Biotechnol 2015; 57:675-84. [DOI: 10.1007/s12033-015-9858-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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19
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Kim S, Ha BS, Ro HS. Current technologies and related issues for mushroom transformation. MYCOBIOLOGY 2015; 43:1-8. [PMID: 25892908 PMCID: PMC4397374 DOI: 10.5941/myco.2015.43.1.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2015] [Accepted: 03/02/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Mushroom transformation requires a series of experimental steps, including generation of host strains with a desirable selective marker, design of vector DNA, removal of host cell wall, introduction of foreign DNA across the cell membrane, and integration into host genomic DNA or maintenance of an autonomous vector DNA inside the host cell. This review introduces limitations and obstacles related to transformation technologies along with possible solutions. Current methods for cell wall removal and cell membrane permeabilization are summarized together with details of two popular technologies, Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation and restriction enzyme-mediated integration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sinil Kim
- Division of Applied Life Science and Research Institute for Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-701, Korea
| | - Byeong-Suk Ha
- Division of Applied Life Science and Research Institute for Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-701, Korea
| | - Hyeon-Su Ro
- Division of Applied Life Science and Research Institute for Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-701, Korea
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20
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Zhou YP, Chen MH, Lu JJ, Kang X, Chen QH, Huang XL, Tian CE. A simple and efficient genetic transformation method of Ganoderma weberianum. Folia Microbiol (Praha) 2015; 60:417-23. [DOI: 10.1007/s12223-015-0377-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2014] [Accepted: 01/23/2015] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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21
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Li Q, Tang X, Sun Y, Wang Y, Long Y, Jiang J, Xu H. Removal of Rhodamine B from wastewater by modified Volvariella volvacea: batch and column study. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra17319h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the biosorption of Rhodamine B (a carcinogenic dye) onto Volvariella volvacea in batch and bed column experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiao Li
- Key Laboratory of Bio-resources and Eco-environment (Ministry of Education)
- College of Life Science
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu
- China
| | - Xia Tang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-resources and Eco-environment (Ministry of Education)
- College of Life Science
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu
- China
| | - Yuanyuan Sun
- Key Laboratory of Bio-resources and Eco-environment (Ministry of Education)
- College of Life Science
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu
- China
| | - Yifan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-resources and Eco-environment (Ministry of Education)
- College of Life Science
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu
- China
| | - Yunchuan Long
- Key Laboratory of Bio-resources and Eco-environment (Ministry of Education)
- College of Life Science
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu
- China
| | - Juan Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-resources and Eco-environment (Ministry of Education)
- College of Life Science
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu
- China
| | - Heng Xu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-resources and Eco-environment (Ministry of Education)
- College of Life Science
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu
- China
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22
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Cell Factories of Higher Fungi for Useful Metabolite Production. BIOREACTOR ENGINEERING RESEARCH AND INDUSTRIAL APPLICATIONS I 2015; 155:199-235. [DOI: 10.1007/10_2015_335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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23
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Production of antibacterial peptide from bee venom via a new strategy for heterologous expression. Mol Biol Rep 2014; 41:8081-91. [PMID: 25189650 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-014-3706-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2014] [Accepted: 08/23/2014] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Honey bee is important economic insect that not only pollinates fruits and crops but also provides products with various physiological activities. Bee venom is a functional agent that is widely applied in clinical treatment and pharmacy. Secapin is one of these agents that have a significant role in therapy. The functions of secapin from the bee venom have been documented, but little information is known about its heterologous expression under natural condition. Moreover, few scholars verified experimentally the functions of secapin from bee venom in vitro. In this study, we successfully constructed a heterologous expression vector, which is different from conventional expression system. A transgenic approach was established for transformation of secapin gene from the venom of Apis mellifera carnica (Ac-sec) into the edible fungi, Coprinus cinereus. Ac-sec was encoded by a 234 bp nucleotide that contained a signal peptide domain and two potential phosphorylation sites. The sequence exhibited highly homology with various secapins characterized from honey bee and related species. Southern blot data indicated that Ac-sec was present as single or multiple copy loci in the C. cinereus genome. By co-transformation and double-layer active assay, Ac-sec was expressed successfully in C. cinereus and the antibacterial activity of the recombinants was identified, showing notable antibacterial activities on different bacteria. Although Ac-sec is from the venom of Apidae, phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that Ac-sec was more closely related to that of Vespid than to bee species from Apidae. The molecular characteristics of Ac-sec and the potential roles of small peptides in biology were discussed.
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24
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Han F, Kang LZ, Zeng XL, Ye ZW, Guo LQ, Lin JF. Bioproduction of baccatin III, an advanced precursor of paclitaxol, with transgenic Flammulina velutipes expressing the 10-deacetylbaccatin III-10-O-acetyl transferase gene. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2014; 94:2376-2383. [PMID: 24403190 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.6562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2013] [Revised: 11/06/2013] [Accepted: 01/08/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND 10-Deacetylbaccatin III (10-DAB) and baccatin III are intermediates in the biosynthesis of Taxol (an anti-cancer drug) and useful precursors for semi-synthesis of the drug. In this study, a bioconversion system was established for the production of baccatin III, an advanced precursor of paclitaxel, in the transgenic mushroom Flammulina velutipes expressing the 10-deacetylbaccatin III-10β-O-acetyltransferase gene. The expression vector pgFvs-TcDBAT containing the 10-deacetylbaccatin III-10β-O-acetyltransferase (DBAT) gene was constructed and transformed into the cells of F. velutipes by polyethylene glycol-mediated protoplast transformation. RESULTS Polymerase chain reaction and Southern blotting analysis verified the successful integration of the exogenous DBAT gene into the genome of F. velutipes. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and enzyme activity analyses confirmed that the DBAT gene was expressed in F. velutipes, and DBAT is able to convert substrate into baccatin III. CONCLUSION The DBAT gene from the plant Taxus chinensis can be functionally expressed in F. velutipes. Transgenic F. velutipes expressing the DBAT gene is able to produce the target product, baccatin III. This is the first report about the transformation and expression of paclitaxel biosynthetic gene in the edible mushroom F. velutipes. This represents a significant step towards bio-production of paclitaxel and its advanced precursor baccatin III in an edible fungus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Han
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Food Science, South China Agriculture University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510640, China; Guangdong Shantou Institute of Quality and Metrology Supervision Testing, Shantou, 515041, China
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25
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Zhang JJ, Shi L, Chen H, Sun YQ, Zhao MW, Ren A, Chen MJ, Wang H, Feng ZY. An efficient Agrobacterium-mediated transformation method for the edible mushroom Hypsizygus marmoreus. Microbiol Res 2014; 169:741-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2014.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2013] [Revised: 01/22/2014] [Accepted: 01/25/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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26
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Gene expression profiling reveals large regulatory switches between succeeding stipe stages in Volvariella volvacea. PLoS One 2014; 9:e97789. [PMID: 24867220 PMCID: PMC4035324 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0097789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2013] [Accepted: 04/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The edible mushroom Volvariella volvacea is an important crop in Southeast Asia and is predominantly harvested in the egg stage. One of the main factors that negatively affect its yield and value is the rapid transition from the egg to the elongation stage, which has a decreased commodity value and shelf life. To improve our understanding of the changes during stipe development and the transition from egg to elongation stage in particular, we analyzed gene transcription in stipe tissue of V. volvacea using 3′-tag based digital expression profiling. Stipe development turned out to be fairly complex with high numbers of expressed genes, and regulation of stage differences is mediated mainly by changes in expression levels of genes, rather than on/off modulation. Most explicit is the strong up-regulation of cell division from button to egg, and the very strong down-regulation hereof from egg to elongation, that continues in the maturation stage. Button and egg share cell division as means of growth, followed by a major developmental shift towards rapid stipe elongation based on cell extension as demonstrated by inactivation of cell division throughout elongation and maturation. Examination of regulatory genes up-regulated from egg to elongation identified three potential high upstream regulators for this switch. The new insights in stipe dynamics, together with a series of new target genes, will provide a sound base for further studies on the developmental mechanisms of mushroom stipes and the switch from egg to elongation in V. volvacea in particular.
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27
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Agrobacterium tumefaciens-Mediated Transformation of the Causative Agent of Valsa canker of Apple Tree Valsa mali var. mali. Curr Microbiol 2014; 68:769-76. [DOI: 10.1007/s00284-014-0541-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2013] [Accepted: 12/10/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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28
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Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of Guignardia citricarpa: An efficient tool to gene transfer and random mutagenesis. Fungal Biol 2013; 117:556-68. [DOI: 10.1016/j.funbio.2013.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2011] [Revised: 05/24/2013] [Accepted: 06/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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29
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Tao Y, Xie B, Yang Z, Chen Z, Chen B, Deng Y, Jiang Y, van Peer AF. Identification and expression analysis of a new glycoside hydrolase family 55 exo-β-1,3-glucanase-encoding gene in Volvariella volvacea suggests a role in fruiting body development. Gene 2013; 527:154-60. [PMID: 23751305 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2013.05.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2013] [Accepted: 05/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The edible straw mushroom Volvariella volvacea is an important crop in South East Asia and is predominantly harvested in the egg stage. Rapid stipe elongation and cap expansion result in a swift transition from the egg to elongation and maturation stage, which are subjected to fast senescence and deterioration. In other mushrooms, β-1,3-glucanases have been associated with degradation (softening) of the cell wall during stipe elongation and senescence. We present a new glycoside hydrolase family 55 (GH55) exo-β-1,3-glucanase gene, exg2, and highly conserved deduced EXG2 protein. The 3D model and presumed catalytic residues of V. volvacea EXG2 are identical to Lentinula edodes EXG2 and Phanerochaete chrysosporium Lam55A, supporting similar enzymatic functions. In addition to previous association to stipe elongation and senescence, our data clearly indicates a role for cap (pileus) expansion. Digital gene expression, quantitative PCR and isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantification analysis showed low exg2 and EXG2 levels in primordia, button, egg and elongation stages and significantly increased levels in the maturation stage. Subsequent relative quantitative PCR analysis designated expression of exg2 to the stipe in the elongation stage and to the pileus and stipe in the maturation stage. EXG2 cell wall softening activity, close correlation of exg2 expression with the principal expanding mushroom tissues and a strong conservation of expression patterns and protein sequences in other mushrooms, make V. volvacea exg2 an important candidate for future studies on mechanisms of fruiting body expansion and senescence causing commodity value loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongxin Tao
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
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30
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You LF, Liu ZM, Lin JF, Guo LQ, Huang XL, Yang HX. Molecular cloning of a laccase gene from Ganoderma lucidum and heterologous expression in Pichia pastoris. J Basic Microbiol 2013; 54 Suppl 1:S134-41. [PMID: 23720193 DOI: 10.1002/jobm.201200808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2012] [Accepted: 04/13/2013] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
A genomic laccase gene and cDNA were cloned from the white-rot fungi Ganoderma lucidum TR6. The genomic laccase gene contained 2086 bp with nine introns. The laccase cDNA had an open reading frame of 1563 bp. The deduced mature protein consisted of 520 amino acids. Both the genomic laccase gene and cDNA were expressed in the Pichia pastoris GS115. Laccase activities could be detected in transformants with laccase cDNA but not in transformants with genomic laccase gene. The highest activity value reached 685.8 U L(-1). The effects of temperature, pH and nitrogen source on laccase expression in P. pastoris were analyzed. The recombinant laccase was purified and the molecular mass was 73.4 KDa, a little bigger than native laccase. The optimal pH and temperature were specific at pH 3.5 and special range from 60 to 90 °C. The laccase was stable at pH 7.0 and temperature range of 20-30 °C. The Km and Vm values of this recombinant laccase for ABTS were 0.521 mM and 19.65 mM min(-1), respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin-Feng You
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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31
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Composition and expression of genes encoding carbohydrate-active enzymes in the straw-degrading mushroom Volvariella volvacea. PLoS One 2013; 8:e58780. [PMID: 23554925 PMCID: PMC3595290 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0058780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2012] [Accepted: 02/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Volvariella volvacea is one of a few commercial cultivated mushrooms mainly using straw as carbon source. In this study, the genome of V. volcacea was sequenced and assembled. A total of 285 genes encoding carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZymes) in V. volvacea were identified and annotated. Among 15 fungi with sequenced genomes, V. volvacea ranks seventh in the number of genes encoding CAZymes. In addition, the composition of glycoside hydrolases in V. volcacea is dramatically different from other basidiomycetes: it is particularly rich in members of the glycoside hydrolase families GH10 (hemicellulose degradation) and GH43 (hemicellulose and pectin degradation), and the lyase families PL1, PL3 and PL4 (pectin degradation) but lacks families GH5b, GH11, GH26, GH62, GH93, GH115, GH105, GH9, GH53, GH32, GH74 and CE12. Analysis of genome-wide gene expression profiles of 3 strains using 3′-tag digital gene expression (DGE) reveals that 239 CAZyme genes were expressed even in potato destrose broth medium. Our data also showed that the formation of a heterokaryotic strain could dramatically increase the expression of a number of genes which were poorly expressed in its parental homokaryotic strains.
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32
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Enhancement of ganoderic acid accumulation by overexpression of an N-terminally truncated 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase gene in the basidiomycete Ganoderma lucidum. Appl Environ Microbiol 2012; 78:7968-76. [PMID: 22941092 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01263-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Ganoderic acids produced by Ganoderma lucidum, a well-known traditional Chinese medicinal mushroom, exhibit antitumor and antimetastasis activities. Genetic modification of G. lucidum is difficult but critical for the enhancement of cellular accumulation of ganoderic acids. In this study, a homologous genetic transformation system for G. lucidum was developed for the first time using mutated sdhB, encoding the iron-sulfur protein subunit of succinate dehydrogenase, as a selection marker. The truncated G. lucidum gene encoding the catalytic domain of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase (HMGR) was overexpressed by using the Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation system. The results showed that the mutated sdhB successfully conferred carboxin resistance upon transformation. Most of the integrated transfer DNA (T-DNA) appeared as a single copy in the genome. Moreover, deregulated constitutive overexpression of the HMGR gene led to a 2-fold increase in ganoderic acid content. It also increased the accumulation of intermediates (squalene and lanosterol) and the upregulation of downstream genes such as those of farnesyl pyrophosphate synthase, squalene synthase, and lanosterol synthase. This study demonstrates that transgenic basidiomycete G. lucidum is a promising system to achieve metabolic engineering of the ganoderic acid pathway.
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33
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Islam MN, Nizam S, Verma PK. A highly efficient Agrobacterium mediated transformation system for chickpea wilt pathogen Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceri using DsRed-Express to follow root colonisation. Microbiol Res 2012; 167:332-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2012.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2011] [Revised: 01/16/2012] [Accepted: 02/06/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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34
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Frandsen RJN. A guide to binary vectors and strategies for targeted genome modification in fungi using Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation. J Microbiol Methods 2011; 87:247-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2011.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2011] [Revised: 09/09/2011] [Accepted: 09/09/2011] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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35
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Comparison of endoglucanase-1 (EG1) induction in the edible straw mushroom Volvariella volvacea by lactose and/or cellobiose with or without added sorbose. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2010; 89:1939-46. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-010-2995-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2010] [Revised: 10/25/2010] [Accepted: 10/28/2010] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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36
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Ding Y, Liang S, Lei J, Chen L, Kothe E, Ma A. Agrobacterium tumefaciens mediated fused egfp-hph gene expression under the control of gpd promoter in Pleurotus ostreatus. Microbiol Res 2010; 166:314-22. [PMID: 20869218 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2010.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2010] [Revised: 06/24/2010] [Accepted: 07/03/2010] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
A transformation system for the basidiomycete Pleurotus ostreatus was established using agrobacterium-mediated infection. Following P. ostreatus glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase gene analysis, its promoter region including two introns was used as cis-regulatory element to drive expression of enhanced green fluorescent protein (eGFP). As a selection marker, the hygromycin phosphotransferase (hph) gene cassette was used in the binary vector pPEH. Mycelia without pretreatment were found to be the most efficient recipients in transformation experiments while fruiting body tissue or basidiospores showed lower transformation rates. A transformation efficiency of 75% was achieved. After subculturing, putative transformants were screened by PCR and Southern blot analysis showing the expected ectopic integration of the transforming DNA. At the same time, the promotor region was shown to drive expression of selection marker as well as eGFP that could be visualized, which will be helpful for future investigation using Agrobacterium tumefaciens mediated transformation for functional characterization of genes in the mushroom forming basidioymcete P. ostreatus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Ding
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, 1 Lion Hill Road, Wuhan 430070, China
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37
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Han F, Liu Y, Guo LQ, Zeng XL, Liu ZM, Lin JF. Heterologous expression of the immunomodulatory protein gene from Ganoderma sinense in the basidiomycete Coprinopsis cinerea. J Appl Microbiol 2010; 109:1838-44. [PMID: 20659187 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2010.04811.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
AIMS FIP-gsi, a fungal immunomodulatory protein found in Ganoderma sinense, has antitumour, anti-allergy and immunomodulatory activities and is regulated by the fip-gsi gene. In this study, we aimed to express the fip-gsi gene from G. sinense in Coprinopsis cinerea to increase yield of FIPs-gsi. METHODS AND RESULTS A fungal expression vector pBfip-gsi containing the gpd promoter from Agaricus bisporus and the fip-gsi gene from the G. sinense was constructed and transformed into C. cinerea. PCR and Southern blotting analysis verified the successful integration of the exogenous gene fip-gsi into the genome of C. cinerea. RT-PCR and Northern blotting analysis confirmed that the fip-gsi gene was transcribed in C. cinerea. The yield of the FIP-gsi protein reached 314mg kg(-1) fresh mycelia. The molecular weight of the FIP-gsi was 13kDa, and the FIP-gsi was capable of hemagglutinating mouse red blood cells, but no such activity was observed towards human red blood cells in vitro. CONCLUSIONS The fip-gsi from G. sinense has been successfully translated in C. cinerea, and the yield of bioactive FIP-gsi protein was high. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY This is the first report using the C. cinerea for the heterologous expression of FIP-gsi protein and it might supply a basis for large-scale production of the protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Han
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
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38
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Cheng S, Yang P, Guo L, Lin J, Lou N. Expression of multi-functional cellulase gene mfc in Coprinus cinereus under control of different basidiomycete promoters. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2009; 100:4475-80. [PMID: 19442518 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2009.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2009] [Revised: 04/08/2009] [Accepted: 04/10/2009] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Multi-functional cellulase gene mfc was expressed in Coprinus cinereus under naturally non-inductive conditions using three heterologous promoters. Endo-beta-1,4-glucanase expression was achieved in solid and liquid media with promoter sequences from the Lentinula edodesgpd gene, the Flammulina velutipes gpd gene and the Volvariella volvaceagpd gene. As measured by enzyme activity in liquid cultures, a 613-bp gpd promoter fragment from L. edodes was most efficient, followed by a 752-bp gpd fragment from F. velutipes. The V. volvacea gpd promoter sequence was less active, in comparison. Irrespective of the promoter used, enzymatic activities increase 34-fold for highly active transformants and 29-fold for less active one by using cellulase-inducing medium. The highest activities of endo-beta-1,4-glucanase (34.234 U/ml) and endo-beta-1,4-xylanase (263.695 U/ml) were reached by using the L. edodesgpd promoter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shujie Cheng
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Tianhe, Guangzhou, China
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39
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Wang J, Guo L, Lin J. Composition of transgenic Volvariella volvacea tolerant to cold stress is equivalent to that of conventional control. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2009; 57:2392-2396. [PMID: 19245205 DOI: 10.1021/jf803363g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Transgenic Volvariella volvacea strains, which are tolerant to cold stress, were generated by the stable insertion of antifreeze protein gene isolated from budworm into the genome of a conventional variety V23 of V. volvacea. As a part of the safety assessment program, transgenic V. volvacea strains were compared to a nontransgenic near-isogenic V. volvacea strain V23 grown contemporaneously by applying the principle of substantial equivalence. Compositional analyses were conducted by measuring proximates, amino acids, fatty acids, minerals, vitamins, 5'-nucleotides, nucleic acid, and antinutrients such as tannin and cyanide in V. volvacea strains harvested at egg-shaped stage. Results of the comparisons indicate that these transgenic strains are compositionally equivalent to the conventional control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Wang
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Food Science, and Institute of Biomass Research, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
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Tn5 transposase-assisted high-efficiency transformation of filamentous fungus Phoma herbarum YS4108. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2008; 80:937-44. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-008-1615-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2008] [Revised: 06/26/2008] [Accepted: 07/12/2008] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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