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Evaluating Feruloyl Esterase—Xylanase Synergism for Hydroxycinnamic Acid and Xylo-Oligosaccharide Production from Untreated, Hydrothermally Pre-Treated and Dilute-Acid Pre-Treated Corn Cobs. AGRONOMY-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/agronomy10050688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Agricultural residues are considered the most promising option as a renewable feedstock for biofuel and high valued-added chemical production due to their availability and low cost. The efficient enzymatic hydrolysis of agricultural residues into value-added products such as sugars and hydroxycinnamic acids is a challenge because of the recalcitrant properties of the native biomass. Development of synergistic enzyme cocktails is required to overcome biomass residue recalcitrance, and achieve high yields of potential value-added products. In this study, the synergistic action of two termite metagenome-derived feruloyl esterases (FAE5 and FAE6), and an endo-xylanase (Xyn11) from Thermomyces lanuginosus, was optimized using 0.5% (w/v) insoluble wheat arabinoxylan (a model substrate) and then applied to 1% (w/v) corn cobs for the efficient production of xylo-oligosaccharides (XOS) and hydroxycinnamic acids. The enzyme combination of 66% Xyn11 and 33% FAE5 or FAE6 (protein loading) produced the highest amounts of XOS, ferulic acid, and p-coumaric acid from untreated, hydrothermal, and acid pre-treated corn cobs. The combination of 66% Xyn11 and 33% FAE6 displayed an improvement in reducing sugars of approximately 1.9-fold and 3.4-fold for hydrothermal and acid pre-treated corn cobs (compared to Xyn11 alone), respectively. The hydrolysis product profiles revealed that xylobiose was the dominant XOS produced from untreated and pre-treated corn cobs. These results demonstrated that the efficient production of hydroxycinnamic acids and XOS from agricultural residues for industrial applications can be achieved through the synergistic action of FAE5 or FAE6 and Xyn11.
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Tsutsui S, Sakuragi K, Igarashi K, Samejima M, Kaneko S. Evaluation of Ammonia Pretreatment for Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Sugarcane Bagasse to Recover Xylooligosaccharides. J Appl Glycosci (1999) 2020; 67:17-22. [PMID: 34429695 PMCID: PMC8367636 DOI: 10.5458/jag.jag.jag-2019_0017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Sugarcane bagasse is a useful biomass resource. In the present study, we examined the efficacy of ammonia pretreatment for selective release of hemicellulose from bagasse. Pretreatment of bagasse with aqueous ammonia resulted in significant loss of xylan. In contrast, pretreatment of bagasse with anhydrous ammonia resulted in almost no xylan loss. Aqueous ammonia or anhydrous ammonia-pretreated bagasse was then subjected to enzymatic digestion with a xylanase from the glycoside hydrolase (GH) family 10 or a xylanase from the GH family 11. The hydrolysis rate of xylan in bagasse pretreated with aqueous ammonia was approximately 50 %. In contrast, in the anhydrous ammonia-treated bagasse, xylan hydrolysis was > 80 %. These results suggested that anhydrous ammonia pretreatment would be an effective method for preparation of sugarcane bagasse for enzymatic hydrolysis to recover xylooligosaccharides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sosyu Tsutsui
- 1 Department of Subtropical Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of the Ryukyus
| | - Kiyoshi Sakuragi
- 2 Energy Engineering Research Laboratory, Central Research Institute of Electric Power Industry
| | - Kiyohiko Igarashi
- 3 Department of Biomaterial Sciences, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo
| | - Masahiro Samejima
- 3 Department of Biomaterial Sciences, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo.,4 Department of Chemistry and Material Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Shinshu University
| | - Satoshi Kaneko
- 1 Department of Subtropical Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of the Ryukyus
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Mafa MS, Dirr HW, Malgas S, Krause RWM, Rashamuse K, Pletschke BI. A Novel Dimeric Exoglucanase (GH5_38): Biochemical and Structural Characterisation towards its Application in Alkyl Cellobioside Synthesis. Molecules 2020; 25:E746. [PMID: 32050450 PMCID: PMC7036808 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25030746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Revised: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
An exoglucanase (Exg-D) from the glycoside hydrolase family 5 subfamily 38 (GH5_38) was heterologously expressed and structurally and biochemically characterised at a molecular level for its application in alkyl glycoside synthesis. The purified Exg-D existed in both dimeric and monomeric forms in solution, which showed highest activity on mixed-linked β-glucan (88.0 and 86.7 U/mg protein, respectively) and lichenin (24.5 and 23.7 U/mg protein, respectively). They displayed a broad optimum pH range from 5.5 to 7 and a temperature optimum from 40 to 60 °C. Kinetic studies demonstrated that Exg-D had a higher affinity towards β-glucan, with a Km of 7.9 mg/mL and a kcat of 117.2 s-1, compared to lichenin which had a Km of 21.5 mg/mL and a kcat of 70.0 s-1. The circular dichroism profile of Exg-D showed that its secondary structure consisted of 11% α-helices, 36% β-strands and 53% coils. Exg-D performed transglycosylation using p-nitrophenyl cellobioside as a glycosyl donor and several primary alcohols as acceptors to produce methyl-, ethyl- and propyl-cellobiosides. These products were identified and quantified via thin-layer chromatography (TLC) and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). We concluded that Exg-D is a novel and promising oligomeric glycoside hydrolase for the one-step synthesis of alkyl glycosides with more than one monosaccharide unit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mpho S. Mafa
- Protein Structure-Function Research Unit East Campus, Gate House, School of Molecular and Cell Biology University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2050, South Africa; (M.S.M.); (H.W.D.)
- Enzyme Science Programme (ESP), Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Rhodes University, Grahamstown 6140, South Africa;
| | - Heinrich W. Dirr
- Protein Structure-Function Research Unit East Campus, Gate House, School of Molecular and Cell Biology University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2050, South Africa; (M.S.M.); (H.W.D.)
| | - Samkelo Malgas
- Enzyme Science Programme (ESP), Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Rhodes University, Grahamstown 6140, South Africa;
| | - Rui W. M. Krause
- Department of Chemistry, Rhodes University, Grahamstown 6140, South Africa;
| | | | - Brett I. Pletschke
- Enzyme Science Programme (ESP), Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Rhodes University, Grahamstown 6140, South Africa;
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Shukor H, Abdeshahian P, Al-Shorgani NKN, Hamid AA, Rahman NA, Kalil MS. Saccharification of polysaccharide content of palm kernel cake using enzymatic catalysis for production of biobutanol in acetone-butanol-ethanol fermentation. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2016; 202:206-213. [PMID: 26710346 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2015.11.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2015] [Revised: 11/25/2015] [Accepted: 11/29/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
In this work, hydrolysis of cellulose and hemicellulose content of palm kernel cake (PKC) by different types of hydrolytic enzymes was studied to evaluate monomeric sugars released for production of biobutanol by Clostridium saccharoperbutylacetonicum N1-4 (ATCC 13564) in acetone-butanol-ethanol (ABE) fermentation. Experimental results revealed that when PKC was hydrolyzed by mixed β-glucosidase, cellulase and mannanase, a total simple sugars of 87.81±4.78 g/L were produced, which resulted in 3.75±0.18 g/L butanol and 6.44±0.43 g/L ABE at 168 h fermentation. In order to increase saccharolytic efficiency of enzymatic treatment, PKC was pretreated by liquid hot water before performing enzymatic hydrolysis. Test results showed that total reducing sugars were enhanced to 97.81±1.29 g/L with elevated production of butanol and ABE up to 4.15±1.18 and 7.12±2.06 g/L, respectively which represented an A:B:E ratio of 7:11:1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hafiza Shukor
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia; School of Bioprocess Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Kompleks Pusat Pengajian Jejawi 3, 02600 Arau, Perlis, Malaysia
| | - Peyman Abdeshahian
- Department of Bioprocess Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, UTM, Skudai, 81310 Johor, Malaysia
| | - Najeeb Kaid Nasser Al-Shorgani
- School of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Aidil Abdul Hamid
- School of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Norliza A Rahman
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Sahaid Kalil
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia.
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5
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Laothanachareon T, Bunterngsook B, Suwannarangsee S, Eurwilaichitr L, Champreda V. Synergistic action of recombinant accessory hemicellulolytic and pectinolytic enzymes to Trichoderma reesei cellulase on rice straw degradation. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2015; 198:682-690. [PMID: 26433794 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2015.09.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2015] [Revised: 09/12/2015] [Accepted: 09/14/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Synergism between core cellulases and accessory hydrolytic/non-hydrolytic enzymes is the basis of efficient hydrolysis of lignocelluloses. In this study, the synergistic action of three recombinant accessory enzymes, namely GH62 α-l-arabinofuranosidase (ARA), CE8 pectin esterase (PET), and GH10 endo-1,4-beta-xylanase (XYL) from Aspergillus aculeatus expressed in Pichia pastoris to a commercial Trichoderma reesei cellulase (Accellerase® 1500; ACR) on hydrolysis of alkaline pretreated rice straw was studied using a mixture design approach. Applying the full cubic model, the optimal ratio of quaternary enzyme mixture was predicted to be ACR:ARA:PET:XYL of 0.171:0.079:0.100:0.150, which showed a glucose releasing efficiency of 0.173 gglc/FPU, higher than the binary ACR:XYL mixture (0.122 gglc/FPU) and ACR alone (0.081 gglc/FPU) leading to a 47.3% increase in glucose yield compared with that from ACR at the same cellulase dosage. The result demonstrates the varying degree of synergism of accessory enzymes to cellulases useful for developing tailor-made enzyme systems for bio-industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thanaporn Laothanachareon
- Enzyme Technology Laboratory and Integrative Biorefinery Laboratory, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency, Thailand Science Park, 113 Pahonyothin Road, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand
| | - Benjarat Bunterngsook
- Enzyme Technology Laboratory and Integrative Biorefinery Laboratory, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency, Thailand Science Park, 113 Pahonyothin Road, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand
| | - Surisa Suwannarangsee
- Enzyme Technology Laboratory and Integrative Biorefinery Laboratory, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency, Thailand Science Park, 113 Pahonyothin Road, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand
| | - Lily Eurwilaichitr
- Enzyme Technology Laboratory and Integrative Biorefinery Laboratory, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency, Thailand Science Park, 113 Pahonyothin Road, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand
| | - Verawat Champreda
- Enzyme Technology Laboratory and Integrative Biorefinery Laboratory, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency, Thailand Science Park, 113 Pahonyothin Road, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand.
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6
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Strategic optimization of xylanase–mannanase combi-CLEAs for synergistic and efficient hydrolysis of complex lignocellulosic substrates. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcatb.2015.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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7
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Magnetic cross-linked enzyme aggregates (CLEAs): A novel concept towards carrier free immobilization of lignocellulolytic enzymes. Enzyme Microb Technol 2014; 61-62:17-27. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2014.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2013] [Revised: 04/10/2014] [Accepted: 04/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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8
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Soares ML, Gouveia ER. Influence of the alkaline delignification on the simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) of sugar cane bagasse. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2013; 147:645-648. [PMID: 24025853 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2013.08.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2013] [Revised: 08/11/2013] [Accepted: 08/13/2013] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Ethanol production from steam explosion alkaline delignified bagasse was investigated by saccharification and simultaneous fermentation. Non delignified bagasse (ND) contained 25% lignin, and after alkaline delignification, materials with 6% (D1 - NaOH 1% w/v) and 12% (D05 - NaOH 0.5% w/v) lignin, respectively, were obtained. Ethanol production increased 450% and 733% in relation to ND, when D05 and D1 material, respectively, were used. Higher productivity and EtOH/bagasse were observed for D1. However, higher enzymatic convertibility of cellulose was obtained with 0.5% w/v NaOH. Alkaline delignification increased the ethanol production despite decreased cellulose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Lucena Soares
- Department of Antibiotics, Federal University of Pernambuco, Cidade Universitária, CEP 50670-901 Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Ester Ribeiro Gouveia
- Department of Antibiotics, Federal University of Pernambuco, Cidade Universitária, CEP 50670-901 Recife, PE, Brazil.
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9
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Qi H, Bai F, Liu A. Purification and characteristics of xyloglucanase and five other cellulolytic enzymes from Trichoderma reesei QM9414. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2013; 78:424-30. [DOI: 10.1134/s0006297913040123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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10
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Ribeiro DA, Cota J, Alvarez TM, Brüchli F, Bragato J, Pereira BMP, Pauletti BA, Jackson G, Pimenta MTB, Murakami MT, Camassola M, Ruller R, Dillon AJP, Pradella JGC, Paes Leme AF, Squina FM. The Penicillium echinulatum secretome on sugar cane bagasse. PLoS One 2012; 7:e50571. [PMID: 23227186 PMCID: PMC3515617 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0050571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2012] [Accepted: 10/23/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant feedstocks are at the leading front of the biofuel industry based on the potential to promote economical, social and environmental development worldwide through sustainable scenarios related to energy production. Penicillium echinulatum is a promising strain for the bioethanol industry based on its capacity to produce large amounts of cellulases at low cost. The secretome profile of P. echinulatum after grown on integral sugarcane bagasse, microcrystalline cellulose and three types of pretreated sugarcane bagasse was evaluated using shotgun proteomics. The comprehensive chemical characterization of the biomass used as the source of fungal nutrition, as well as biochemical activity assays using a collection of natural polysaccharides, were also performed. Our study revealed that the enzymatic repertoire of P. echinulatum is geared mainly toward producing enzymes from the cellulose complex (endogluganases, cellobiohydrolases and β-glucosidases). Glycoside hydrolase (GH) family members, important to biomass-to-biofuels conversion strategies, were identified, including endoglucanases GH5, 7, 6, 12, 17 and 61, β-glycosidase GH3, xylanases GH10 and GH11, as well as debranching hemicellulases from GH43, GH62 and CE2 and pectinanes from GH28. Collectively, the approach conducted in this study gave new insights on the better comprehension of the composition and degradation capability of an industrial cellulolytic strain, from which a number of applied technologies, such as biofuel production, can be generated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela A. Ribeiro
- Laboratório Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia do Bioetanol (CTBE), Centro Nacional de Pesquisa em Energia e Materiais, Campinas, (CNPEM), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Júnio Cota
- Laboratório Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia do Bioetanol (CTBE), Centro Nacional de Pesquisa em Energia e Materiais, Campinas, (CNPEM), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Thabata M. Alvarez
- Laboratório Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia do Bioetanol (CTBE), Centro Nacional de Pesquisa em Energia e Materiais, Campinas, (CNPEM), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Brüchli
- Laboratório Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia do Bioetanol (CTBE), Centro Nacional de Pesquisa em Energia e Materiais, Campinas, (CNPEM), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Juliano Bragato
- Laboratório Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia do Bioetanol (CTBE), Centro Nacional de Pesquisa em Energia e Materiais, Campinas, (CNPEM), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Beatriz M. P. Pereira
- Laboratório Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia do Bioetanol (CTBE), Centro Nacional de Pesquisa em Energia e Materiais, Campinas, (CNPEM), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Bianca A. Pauletti
- Laboratório Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia do Bioetanol (CTBE), Centro Nacional de Pesquisa em Energia e Materiais, Campinas, (CNPEM), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - George Jackson
- Laboratório Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia do Bioetanol (CTBE), Centro Nacional de Pesquisa em Energia e Materiais, Campinas, (CNPEM), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria T. B. Pimenta
- Laboratório Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia do Bioetanol (CTBE), Centro Nacional de Pesquisa em Energia e Materiais, Campinas, (CNPEM), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mario T. Murakami
- Laboratório de Espectrometria de Massas, Laboratório Nacional de Biociências (LNBio), Centro Nacional de Pesquisa em Energia e Materiais, Campinas, (CNPEM), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marli Camassola
- Instituto de Biotecnologia, Universidade de Caxias do Sul (UCS), Caxias do Sul, Rio Grande do Sol, Brazil
| | - Roberto Ruller
- Laboratório Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia do Bioetanol (CTBE), Centro Nacional de Pesquisa em Energia e Materiais, Campinas, (CNPEM), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Aldo J. P. Dillon
- Instituto de Biotecnologia, Universidade de Caxias do Sul (UCS), Caxias do Sul, Rio Grande do Sol, Brazil
| | - Jose G. C. Pradella
- Laboratório Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia do Bioetanol (CTBE), Centro Nacional de Pesquisa em Energia e Materiais, Campinas, (CNPEM), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Adriana F. Paes Leme
- Laboratório Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia do Bioetanol (CTBE), Centro Nacional de Pesquisa em Energia e Materiais, Campinas, (CNPEM), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fabio M. Squina
- Laboratório Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia do Bioetanol (CTBE), Centro Nacional de Pesquisa em Energia e Materiais, Campinas, (CNPEM), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
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11
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Deutschmann R, Dekker RF. From plant biomass to bio-based chemicals: Latest developments in xylan research. Biotechnol Adv 2012; 30:1627-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2012.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 195] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2012] [Revised: 06/12/2012] [Accepted: 07/01/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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12
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Zhu Z, Zhu M, Wu Z. Pretreatment of sugarcane bagasse with NH4OH-H2O2 and ionic liquid for efficient hydrolysis and bioethanol production. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2012; 119:199-207. [PMID: 22728201 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2012.05.111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2012] [Revised: 05/19/2012] [Accepted: 05/22/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
An efficient pretreatment method using NH(4)OH-H(2)O(2) and ionic liquid (IL) was developed for the recovery of cellulose from sugarcane bagasse (SCB). The regenerated SCB from the combined pretreatment exhibited significantly enhanced enzymatic digestibility with an efficiency of 91.4% after 12h of hydrolysis, which was 64% higher than the efficiency observed for the regenerated SCB after the individual NH(4)OH-H(2)O(2) pretreatment. 1-Allyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ([Amim]Cl) dissolved the cellulose from the NH(4)OH-H(2)O(2)-pretreated SCB, and the crystallinity index (CrI) detected by X-ray diffraction (XRD) was reduced by 42%. The recycled and fresh [Amim]Cl demonstrated the same performance on the pretreatment of SCB for the enhancement of enzymatic digestibility. The regenerated SCB was subsequently used in simultaneous saccharification and co-fermentation (SScF) for bioethanol production by cellulase and yeast. The pretreatment did not have a negative effect on bioethanol fermentation, and an ethanol yield of 0.42 g/g was achieved with a corresponding fermentation efficiency of 94.5%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhisheng Zhu
- School of Bioscience and Bioengineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Panyu, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China
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13
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Present and potential applications of cellulases in agriculture, biotechnology, and bioenergy. Folia Microbiol (Praha) 2012; 58:163-76. [DOI: 10.1007/s12223-012-0184-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2011] [Accepted: 07/10/2012] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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14
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Peng F, Peng P, Xu F, Sun RC. Fractional purification and bioconversion of hemicelluloses. Biotechnol Adv 2012; 30:879-903. [PMID: 22306329 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2012.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 180] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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15
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Zhu ZS, Zhu MJ, Xu WX, Liang L. Production of bioethanol from sugarcane bagasse using NH4OH-H2O2 pretreatment and simultaneous saccharification and co-fermentation. BIOTECHNOL BIOPROC E 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s12257-011-0472-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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16
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Van Dyk JS, Pletschke BI. A review of lignocellulose bioconversion using enzymatic hydrolysis and synergistic cooperation between enzymes--factors affecting enzymes, conversion and synergy. Biotechnol Adv 2012; 30:1458-80. [PMID: 22445788 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2012.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 476] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2011] [Revised: 02/10/2012] [Accepted: 03/06/2012] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Lignocellulose is a complex substrate which requires a variety of enzymes, acting in synergy, for its complete hydrolysis. These synergistic interactions between different enzymes have been investigated in order to design optimal combinations and ratios of enzymes for different lignocellulosic substrates that have been subjected to different pretreatments. This review examines the enzymes required to degrade various components of lignocellulose and the impact of pretreatments on the lignocellulose components and the enzymes required for degradation. Many factors affect the enzymes and the optimisation of the hydrolysis process, such as enzyme ratios, substrate loadings, enzyme loadings, inhibitors, adsorption and surfactants. Consideration is also given to the calculation of degrees of synergy and yield. A model is further proposed for the optimisation of enzyme combinations based on a selection of individual or commercial enzyme mixtures. The main area for further study is the effect of and interaction between different hemicellulases on complex substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- J S Van Dyk
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Biotechnology, Rhodes University, PO Box 94, Grahamstown, 6140, South Africa
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17
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Falkoski DL, Guimarães VM, de Almeida MN, Alfenas AC, Colodette JL, de Rezende ST. Characterization of Cellulolytic Extract from Pycnoporus sanguineus PF-2 and Its Application in Biomass Saccharification. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2012; 166:1586-603. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-012-9565-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2011] [Accepted: 01/18/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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18
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Pavón-Orozco P, Santiago-Hernández A, Rosengren A, Hidalgo-Lara ME, Stålbrand H. The family II carbohydrate-binding module of xylanase CflXyn11A from Cellulomonas flavigena increases the synergy with cellulase TrCel7B from Trichoderma reesei during the hydrolysis of sugar cane bagasse. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2012; 104:622-30. [PMID: 22169213 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2011.11.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2011] [Revised: 10/20/2011] [Accepted: 11/18/2011] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Synergy between Cellulomonas flavigena xylanase CflXyn11A and Trichoderma reesei endoglucanase TrCel7B was assessed during hydrolysis of alkaline pretreated sugar cane bagasse (SCB) after 12-48 h, applying the individual enzymes and mixtures of the enzymes. A high degree of synergy (6.3) between CflXyn11A and TrCel7B in hydrolysis of SCB was observed after 12h in the equimolar mixture. A threefold decrease in the degree of synergy was observed with TrCel7B and the catalytic module of CflXyn11A; suggesting an important role played by the carbohydrate-binding module of CflXyn11A (CflXyn11A-CBM) in the observed synergy. Affinity electrophoresis and binding assays showed that CflXyn11A-CBM binds to xylans and to a lesser extent to cellulose. Our results suggest that synergy is more pronounced at early stages of hydrolysis. Furthermore, for the first time it is described that a CBM carried by a xylanase significantly enhances the synergy with a cellulase (threefold increase in synergy).
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Pavón-Orozco
- Departamento de Biotecnología y Bioingeniería, CINVESTAV, Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional No. 2508, CP 07360, México DF, Mexico
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Olver B, Van Dyk JS, Beukes N, Pletschke BI. Synergy between EngE, XynA and ManA from Clostridium cellulovorans on corn stalk, grass and pineapple pulp substrates. 3 Biotech 2011; 1:187-192. [PMID: 22558536 PMCID: PMC3339617 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-011-0011-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2011] [Accepted: 05/24/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The synergistic interaction between various hemi/cellulolytic enzymes has become more important in order to achieve effective and optimal degradation of complex lignocellulose substrates for biofuel production. This study investigated the synergistic effect of three enzymes endoglucanase (EngE), mannanase (ManA) and xylanase (XynA) on the degradation of corn stalk, grass, and pineapple fruit pulp and determined the optimal degree of synergy between combinations of these enzymes. It was established that EngE was essential for degradation of all of the substrates, while the hemicellulases were able to contribute in a synergistic fashion to increase the activity on these substrates. Maximum specific activity and degree of synergy on the corn stalk and grass was found with EngE:XynA in a ratio of 75:25%, with a specific activity of 41.1 U/mg protein and a degree of synergy of 6.3 for corn stalk, and 44.1 U/mg protein and 3.4 for grass, respectively. The pineapple fruit pulp was optimally digested using a ManA:EngE combination in a 50:50% ratio; the specific activity and degree of synergy achieved were 52.4 U/mg protein and 2.7, respectively. This study highlights the importance of hemicellulases for the synergistic degradation of complex lignocellulose. The inclusion of a mannanase in an enzyme consortium for biomass degradation should be examined further as this study suggests that it may play an important, although mostly overlooked, role in the synergistic saccharification of lignocellulose.
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Affiliation(s)
- B. Olver
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Biotechnology, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, 6139 South Africa
| | - J. S. Van Dyk
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Biotechnology, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, 6139 South Africa
| | - N. Beukes
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Biotechnology, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, 6139 South Africa
| | - B. I. Pletschke
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Biotechnology, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, 6139 South Africa
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Lime pretreatment of sugar beet pulp and evaluation of synergy between ArfA, ManA and XynA from Clostridium cellulovorans on the pretreated substrate. 3 Biotech 2011; 1:151-159. [PMID: 22611526 PMCID: PMC3339618 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-011-0019-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2011] [Accepted: 07/16/2011] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Sugar beet pulp (SBP) is a waste product from the sugar beet industry and could be used as a potential biomass feedstock for second generation biofuel technology. Pretreatment of SBP with ‘slake lime’ (calcium hydroxide) was investigated using a 23 factorial design and the factors examined included lime loading, temperature and time. The pretreatment was evaluated for its ability to enhance enzymatic degradation using a combination of three hemicellulases, namely ArfA (an arabinofuranosidase), ManA (an endo-mannanase) and XynA (an endo-xylanase) from C. cellulovorans to determine the conditions under which optimal activity was facilitated. Optimal pretreatment conditions were found to be 0.4 g lime/g SBP, with 36 h digestion at 40 °C. The synergistic interactions between ArfA, ManA and XynA from C. cellulovorans were subsequently investigated on the pretreated SBP. The highest degree of synergy was observed at a protein ratio of 75% ArfA to 25% ManA, with a specific activity of 2.9 U/g protein. However, the highest activity was observed at 4.2 U/g protein at 100% ArfA. This study demonstrated that lime treatment enhanced enzymatic hydrolysis of SBP. The ArfA was the most effective hemicellulase for release of sugars from pretreated SBP, but the synergy with the ManA indicated that low levels of mannan in SBP were probably masking the access of the ArfA to its substrate. XynA displayed no synergy with the other two hemicellulases, indicating that the xylan in the SBP was not hampering the access of ArfA or ManA to their substrates and was not closely associated with the mannan and arabinan in the SBP.
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Beukes N, Pletschke BI. Effect of alkaline pre-treatment on enzyme synergy for efficient hemicellulose hydrolysis in sugarcane bagasse. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2011; 102:5207-5213. [PMID: 21353533 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2011.01.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2010] [Revised: 01/25/2011] [Accepted: 01/29/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
This aim of this study was to investigate the effect of ammonium hydroxide (NH(4)OH) and sodium hydroxide (NaOH) pre-treatment on the digestibility of sugarcane bagasse (SCB) by hemicellulase action. It was found that pre-treatment of SCB with NH(4)OH removed a larger percentage of the SCB lignin and effectively increased SCB digestibility 13.13 fold. The greatest amount of reducing sugar (1194.88 μmol/min) and largest degree of synergy (2.85) was obtained using a combination of two enzymes (25% ManA and 75% XynA) with NH(4)OH pre-treated SCB. In this study, NH(4)OH therefore appeared to be a more effective pre-treatment step for subsequent hydrolysis by hemicellulases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natasha Beukes
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Biotechnology, Rhodes University, Grahamstown 6140, South Africa
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Aita GM, Kim M. Pretreatment Technologies for the Conversion of Lignocellulosic Materials to Bioethanol. ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES 2010. [DOI: 10.1021/bk-2010-1058.ch008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna M. Aita
- Audubon Sugar Institute, Louisiana State University Agricultural Center, 3845 Hwy. 75, St. Gabriel, LA 70776
| | - Misook Kim
- Audubon Sugar Institute, Louisiana State University Agricultural Center, 3845 Hwy. 75, St. Gabriel, LA 70776
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