1
|
Kanteraki AE, Isari EA, Zafeiropoulos I, Cangemi S, Bountla A, Kalavrouziotis IK. Structural analysis and characterization of biosolids. A case study of biosolids from wastewater treatment plants in Western Greece. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 908:168425. [PMID: 37944613 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
The great interest of modern societies in the reuse of wastes opens up new horizons in the field of wastewater, as well. In particular, the treated sludge resulting from a Wastewater Treatment Plant (WWTP) is dealed with a new perspective in the context of circular economy. The aim of this study is the characterization of its complex matrix, and the evaluation for reuse. Biosolids (BS) collected from four urban WWTPs in the Western region of Greece i.e. Agrinio (AG), Amaliada (AM), Aegio (AE) and Itea (IT). Analytical and spectroscopical methods namely TGA, ICP-OES, Fluorescence, SEM/EDS, XRD, FT-IR and NMR were the means that served this purpose. SEM along with XRD proved the amorphous nature of BS. The dominant metals detected in the samples are: Fe, Zn, Mn, with concentrations which meet the guidelines included in 86/278/EEC Directive. The inorganic load is of great importance, along with their humic acid content, adding value at the samples as fertilizers. BS appeared to be rich in organic matter with long aliphatic chains and numerous functional groups, as capturedin FT-IR spectra. The applied methods form an analytical protocol of the BS mapping, highlighting its potential as a material to be utilized in agriculture.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A E Kanteraki
- School of Science and Technology, Hellenic Open University, 26 222 Patras, Greece.
| | - E A Isari
- School of Science and Technology, Hellenic Open University, 26 222 Patras, Greece
| | - I Zafeiropoulos
- School of Science and Technology, Hellenic Open University, 26 222 Patras, Greece
| | - S Cangemi
- Centro Interdipartimentale di Ricerca CERMANU, Università di Napoli Federico II, Via Università 100, 80055 Portici, Italy
| | - A Bountla
- Soil and Water Resources Institute, Hellenic Agricultural Organization - DEMETER, Thessaloniki 57001, Greece
| | - I K Kalavrouziotis
- School of Science and Technology, Hellenic Open University, 26 222 Patras, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Tran HT, Bolan NS, Lin C, Binh QA, Nguyen MK, Luu TA, Le VG, Pham CQ, Hoang HG, Vo DVN. Succession of biochar addition for soil amendment and contaminants remediation during co-composting: A state of art review. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 342:118191. [PMID: 37210821 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.118191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 05/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
This paper aimed to highlight the succession of biochar addition for soil amendment and contaminants remediation during composting process. Biochar incorporated into the compost mixture promotes composting performance and enhances contaminants reduction. Co-composting with biochar for soil biota has been demonstrated via modified soil biological community abundance and diversity. On the other hand, adverse alterations to soil properties were noted, which had a negative impact on the communication of microbe-to-plant interactions within the rhizosphere. As a result, these changes influenced the competition between soilborne pathogens and beneficial soil microorganisms. Co-composting with biochar promoted the heavy metals (HMs) remediation efficiency in contaminated soils by around 66-95%. Notably, applying biochar during composting could improve nutrient retention and mitigate leaching. The adsorption of nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorus compounds by biochar can be applied to manage environmental contamination and presents an excellent opportunity to enhance soil quality. Additionally, the various specific functional groups and large specific surface areas of biochar allow for excellent adsorption of persistent pollutants (e.g., pesticides, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs)) and emerging organic pollutants, such as microplastic, phthalate acid esters (PAEs) during co-composting. Finally, future perspectives, research gaps, and recommendations for further studies are highlighted, and potential opportunities are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huu-Tuan Tran
- Laboratory of Ecology and Environmental Management, Science and Technology Advanced Institute, Van Lang University, Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Viet Nam; Faculty of Applied Technology, School of Technology, Van Lang University, Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Viet Nam
| | - Nanthi S Bolan
- The UWA Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6001, Australia; School of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6001, Australia
| | - Chitsan Lin
- Program in Maritime Science and Technology, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung, 81157, Taiwan; Department of Marine Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung, 81157, Taiwan
| | - Quach An Binh
- Department of Academic Affair and Testing, Dong Nai Technology University, Bien Hoa, Dong Nai, 810000, Viet Nam
| | - Minh-Ky Nguyen
- Program in Maritime Science and Technology, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung, 81157, Taiwan; Department of Marine Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung, 81157, Taiwan; Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources, Nong Lam University of Ho Chi Minh City, Hamlet 6, Linh Trung Ward, Thu Duc City, Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Viet Nam.
| | - The Anh Luu
- Central Institute for Natural Resources and Environmental Studies, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, 111000, Viet Nam
| | - Van-Giang Le
- Central Institute for Natural Resources and Environmental Studies, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, 111000, Viet Nam
| | - Cham Q Pham
- Institute of Applied Technology and Sustainable Development, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, Ho Chi Minh City, 755414, Viet Nam
| | - Hong-Giang Hoang
- Faculty of Medicine, Dong Nai Technology University, Bien Hoa, Dong Nai, 810000, Viet Nam
| | - Dai-Viet N Vo
- Institute of Applied Technology and Sustainable Development, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, Ho Chi Minh City, 755414, Viet Nam.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Ren J, Dai L, Tao L. Stabilization of heavy metals in sewage sludge by attapulgite. JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION (1995) 2021; 71:392-399. [PMID: 33135986 DOI: 10.1080/10962247.2020.1843563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The mobility and bioavailability of heavy metals in sewage sludge are the major risks to utilize for agricultural application. In this study, the chemical speciation of Cu, Ni, Cr, and Zn in the Lanzhou municipal sewage sludge were investigated with the addition of a natural attapulgite. The influences of attapulgite amendment in sewage sludge on heavy metals stabilization were evaluated by investigating the leaching procedure and sequential chemical extraction experiments. The sequential extraction procedure described by European Community Bureau of Reference was used in sludge to determine the distribution of heavy metal species. The addition of attapulgite accelerated more reducible speciation of all metals transformed into residual speciation evidently. It reduced the leaching content of metals significantly and decreased the ecotoxicity accounted for the germination index values climbed rapidly with increased attapulgite addition.Implications: This research developed a method to stabilize heavy metals in municipal sewage sludge with clay. The activated attapulgite improved the treatment of sewage sludge containing heavy metals, and reduced the environmental risk of heavy metals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Ren
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Yellow River Water Environment in Gansu Province, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China
- Gansu Hanxing Environmental Protection Co., Ltd., Lanzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Liang Dai
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Ling Tao
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Yellow River Water Environment in Gansu Province, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China
- Gansu Hanxing Environmental Protection Co., Ltd., Lanzhou, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Co-Composting of Khat-Derived Biochar with Municipal Solid Waste: A Sustainable Practice of Waste Management. SUSTAINABILITY 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/su122410668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Biochar is a way to improve the performance of the composting process and the quality of compost. This study was aimed to investigate the optimum ratio of khat straw (Catha edulis) biochar and organic municipal solid waste mixtures to improve the quality of the resulting co-composts. Khat-derived biochar during pyrolysis at 350 °C was added to organic municipal solid waste mix and four co-composting treatments were prepared with the compositions (% w/w): control compost (no biochar) and 5%, 15%, and 25% co-composted biochar in three replicates. The total organic carbon, organic matter, total nitrogen, available phosphorus, and potassium values ranged as 16.76–21.45%, 30.77–40.26%, 0.97–1.68%, 0.58–0.76%, and 12.72–15.29%, respectively. The results confirmed that 5% and 15% co-composted khat biochars had significantly reduced (p < 0.05) organic matter loss and increased the contents of cation exchange capacity, pH, phosphorous, potassium, calcium, magnesium, and zinc compared to the control compost, while some heavy metals (Fe, Cu, and Mn) and EC values in co-composted biochars are lower than the control compost. Khat-derived biochar could be added to municipal organic waste mix at 5–15% (w/w) in order to get better quality of compost, which can be used as biofertilizer.
Collapse
|
5
|
Spectroscopic characterization of organic matter transformation during composting of textile solid waste using UV–Visible spectroscopy, Infrared spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Microchem J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2020.105314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
|
6
|
Evaluation of Non-Conventional Biological and Molecular Parameters as Potential Indicators of Quality and Functionality of Urban Biosolids Used as Organic Amendments of Agricultural Soils. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/app10020517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Biosolids are waste from wastewater treatment and have a high content of organic matter and nutrients. In this study, not conventional physicochemical and biological properties of biosolids produced during different seasons of the year were evaluated. These properties are not considered in environmental regulations; however, they are of agronomic interest as indicators of quality and functionality in soils. Also, molecular analysis by Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) was conducted, enzymatic analysis using the APIZYM® system was performed and two indices of functional and microbial diversity were established. The results showed that the biosolids had a high content of total organic carbon, total nitrogen, P, and K. FTIR analyses showed that chemical composition of biosolids was similar during all year. The C and N of microbial biomass demonstrated presence of active microorganisms, as well as a uniformity in its richness and abundance of species that could present a positive synergy with soil microorganisms. The enzymatic activities showed that the biosolids contained an enzymatic machinery available to promote the mineralisation of the organic matter of biosolids and could even transcend into the soil. Finally, biological properties can be used as indicators of quality and functionality of biosolids before being used as an organic amendment, especially in agricultural soils.
Collapse
|
7
|
Soares MAR, Quina MJ, Reis MS, Quinta-Ferreira R. Assessment of co-composting process with high load of an inorganic industrial waste. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2017; 59:80-89. [PMID: 27726997 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2016.09.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2016] [Revised: 09/13/2016] [Accepted: 09/30/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to investigate the co-composting of an inorganic industrial waste (eggshell - ES) in very high levels (up to 60% w/w). Since composting is a process in which solid, liquid and gaseous phases interact in a very complex way, there is a need to shed light on statistical tools that can unravel the main relationships structuring the variability associated to this process. In this study, PCA and data visualisation were used with that purpose. The co-composting tests were designed with increasing quantities of ES (0, 10, 20, 30 and 60%ES w/w) mixed with industrial potato peel and rice husks. Principal component analysis showed that physical properties like free air space, bulk density and moisture are the most relevant variables for explaining the variability due to ES content. On the other hand, variability in time dynamics is mostly driven by some chemical and phytoxicological parameters, such as organic matter decay and nitrate content. Higher ES incorporation (60% ES) enhanced the initial biological activity of the mixture, but the higher bulk density and lower water holding capacity had a negative effect on the aerobic biological activity as the process evolved. Nevertheless, pathogen-killing temperatures (>70°C for 11h) were attained. All the final products obtained after 90days were stable and non-phytotoxic. This work proved that valorisation of high amounts of eggshell by co-composting is feasible, but prone to be influenced by the physical properties of the mixtures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Micaela A R Soares
- CIEPQPF - Research Centre on Chemical Processes Engineering and Forest Products, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Coimbra, Pólo II - Rua Sílvio Lima, 3030-790 Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Margarida J Quina
- CIEPQPF - Research Centre on Chemical Processes Engineering and Forest Products, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Coimbra, Pólo II - Rua Sílvio Lima, 3030-790 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Marco S Reis
- CIEPQPF - Research Centre on Chemical Processes Engineering and Forest Products, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Coimbra, Pólo II - Rua Sílvio Lima, 3030-790 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Rosa Quinta-Ferreira
- CIEPQPF - Research Centre on Chemical Processes Engineering and Forest Products, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Coimbra, Pólo II - Rua Sílvio Lima, 3030-790 Coimbra, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Das M, Uppal HS, Singh R, Beri S, Mohan KS, Gupta VC, Adholeya A. Co-composting of physic nut (Jatropha curcas) deoiled cake with rice straw and different animal dung. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2011; 102:6541-6546. [PMID: 21489784 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2011.03.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2010] [Revised: 03/15/2011] [Accepted: 03/17/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
To address the dispensing of this growing volume, a study on utilization of jatropha (Jatropha curcas) deoiled cake through compost production was carried out. The deoiled cake was composted with rice straw, four different animal dung (cow dung, buffalo dung, horse dung and goat dung) and hen droppings in different proportions followed by assessment, and comparison of biochemical characteristics among finished composts. Nutrient content in finished compost was within the desired level whereas metals such as copper, lead and nickel were much below the maximum allowable concentrations. Although a few finished material contained phorbol ester (0.12 mg/g), but it was far below the original level found in the deoiled cake. Such a study indicates that a huge volume of jatropha deoiled cake can be eliminated through composting.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manab Das
- The Energy and Resources Institute, Darbari Seth Block, Lodhi Road, New Delhi 110003, India.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Albrecht R, Le Petit J, Terrom G, Périssol C. Comparison between UV spectroscopy and Nirs to assess humification process during sewage sludge and green wastes co-composting. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2011; 102:4495-4500. [PMID: 21239169 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2010.12.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2010] [Revised: 12/13/2010] [Accepted: 12/14/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The humification of organic matter during composting was studied by the quantification and monitoring of the evolution of humic substances (Humic Acid-HA and Fulvic Acid-FA) by UV spectra deconvolution (UVSD) and near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) methods. The final aim of this work was to compare UVSD to NIRS method, already applied on the same compost samples in previous studies. Finally, UVSD predictions were good for HA and HA/FA (r(2) of 0.828 and 0.531) but very bad for FA (r(2) of 0.092). In contrary, all NIRS correlations were accurate and significant with r(2) of 0.817, 0.806 and 0.864 for HA, FA and HA/FA ratio respectively. From these results, HA/FA ratio being a well-used index of compost maturity, UVSD and NIRS represent two invaluable tools for the monitoring of the composting process. However, we can note that NIRS predictions were more accurate than UVSD calibrations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Remy Albrecht
- Aix-Marseille Université, Institut Méditerranéen d'Ecologie et de Paléoécologie, UMR CNRS IRD, Ecologie Microbienne et Biotechnologies, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques de Saint-Jérôme, Case 452, 13397 Marseille Cedex 20, France.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Hait S, Tare V. Vermistabilization of primary sewage sludge. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2011; 102:2812-2820. [PMID: 21036608 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2010.10.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2010] [Revised: 10/04/2010] [Accepted: 10/06/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
An integrated composting-vermicomposting process has been developed for utilization of primary sewage sludge (PSS). Matured vermicompost was used as bulking material and a source of active microbial culture during aerobic activated composting (AAC). AAC resulted in sufficient enrichment of bulking material with organic matter after 20 cycles of recycling and mixing with PSS and produced materials acceptable for vermicomposting. Vermicomposting caused significant reduction in pH, volatile solids (VS), specific oxygen uptake rate (SOUR), total organic carbon (TOC), C/N ratio and pathogens and substantial increase in electrical conductivity (EC), total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorous (TP) as compared to compost. Environmental conditions and stocking density have profound effects on vermicomposting. Temperature of 20°C with high humidity is favorable environmental condition for vermicomposting employing Eisenia fetida. Favorable stocking density range for vermiculture is 0.5-2.0 kg m(-2) (optimum: 0.5 kg m(-2)) and for vermicomposting is 2.0-4.0 kg m(-2) (optimum: 3.0 kg m(-2)), respectively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Subrata Hait
- Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, India
| | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Cocozza C, Parente A, Zaccone C, Mininni C, Santamaria P, Miano T. Comparative management of offshore posidonia residues: composting vs. energy recovery. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2011; 31:78-84. [PMID: 20888211 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2010.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2010] [Revised: 07/26/2010] [Accepted: 08/13/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Residues of the marine plant posidonia (Posidonia oceanica, PO) beached in tourist zones represent a great environmental, economical, social and hygienic problem in the Mediterranean Basin, in general, and in the Apulia Region in particular, because of the great disturb to the bathers and population, and the high costs that the administrations have to bear for their removal and disposal. In the present paper, Authors determined the heating values of leaves and fibres of PO, the main offshore residues found on beaches, and, meantime, composted those residues with mowing and olive pruning wood. The final composts were characterized for pH, electrical conductivity, elemental composition, dynamic respiration index, phytotoxicity, fluorescence and infrared spectroscopic fingerprints. The aim of the paper was to investigate the composting and energy recovery of PO leaves and fibres in order to suggest alternative solutions to the landfill when offshore residues have to be removed from recreational beaches. The fibrous portion of PO residues showed heating values close to those of other biofuels, thus suggesting a possible utilization as source of energy. At the same time, compost obtained from both PO wastes showed high quality features on condition that the electrical conductivity and Na content are lowered by a correct management of wetting during the composting.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Cocozza
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Chimica Agro-forestale ed Ambientale, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, Via Amendola 165/A, 70126 Bari, Italy.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|