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Nasrun Z, Osman LS, Latif NHA, Elias NHH, Saidin M, Shahidan S, Abdullah SHA, Ali NA, Rusli SSM, Ibrahim MNM, Raja PB, Iqbal MAM, Trache D, Hussin MH. Conversion of archeological iron rust employing coconut husk lignin. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 253:126786. [PMID: 37690637 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.126786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 09/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
Rust powder collected from an archeological iron was evaluated by complementary analyses such as FTIR, XRD, XRF, and SEM/EDX. The analyses revealed that lepidocrocite (L) was the major component in the archeological iron. Coconut husk (CH) can be classified as a type of lignocellulosic biomass of renewable resources that are widely available, especially in coastal areas. In this research, the isolated lignin extracted from CH is being studied as a potential alternative for environmentally friendly applications. The isolated lignin from soda and organosolv pulping went through several analyses such as FTIR, NMR (13C and 2D-HSQC), and TGA analyses. The analyses showed that lignin isolated via soda pulping has superior antioxidant capabilities due to its greater phenolic-OH content compared to lignin isolated from organosolv pulping. The effects of lignin concentrations, pH, and reaction time were utilized in rust conversion studies of an archeological iron. 5 wt% of soda lignin (SL) was revealed as the ideal condition in this rust conversion study with a value of 84.21 %. The treated rust powder with 5 wt% of SL was then further gone through several complementary analyses, which revealed that the treated rust had nearly transformed into an amorphous state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zanaharyatini Nasrun
- Materials Technology Research Group (MaTReC), School of Chemical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Minden, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Liyana Syafawati Osman
- Materials Technology Research Group (MaTReC), School of Chemical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Minden, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Nur Hanis Abd Latif
- Materials Technology Research Group (MaTReC), School of Chemical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Minden, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Nur Hanani Hazirah Elias
- Materials Technology Research Group (MaTReC), School of Chemical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Minden, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Mokhtar Saidin
- Centre for Global Archaeological Research, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Minden, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Shaiful Shahidan
- Centre for Global Archaeological Research, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Minden, Penang, Malaysia
| | | | - Nurul Ain Ali
- Centre for Global Archaeological Research, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Minden, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Siti Syahirah Mohd Rusli
- Department of Natural Heritage, Level 6, Zon B, Wisma Persekutuan Anak Bukit, Pusat Pentadbiran Kerajaaan Persekutuan, Bandar Muadzam Sham, 06550 Alor Setar, Kedah, Malaysia
| | - Mohamad Nasir Mohamad Ibrahim
- Materials Technology Research Group (MaTReC), School of Chemical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Minden, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Pandian Bothi Raja
- Materials Technology Research Group (MaTReC), School of Chemical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Minden, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Mohammad Anwar Mohamed Iqbal
- Materials Technology Research Group (MaTReC), School of Chemical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Minden, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Djalal Trache
- Energetic Materials Laboratory, Teaching and Research Unit of Energetic Processes, Ecole Militaire Polytechnique, BP 17, Bordj El-Bahri, 16046 Algiers, Algeria
| | - M Hazwan Hussin
- Materials Technology Research Group (MaTReC), School of Chemical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Minden, Penang, Malaysia.
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de Cássia Spacki K, Novi DMP, de Oliveira-Junior VA, Durigon DC, Fraga FC, dos Santos LFO, Helm CV, de Lima EA, Peralta RA, de Fátima Peralta Muniz Moreira R, Corrêa RCG, Bracht A, Peralta RM. Improving Enzymatic Saccharification of Peach Palm ( Bactris gasipaes) Wastes via Biological Pretreatment with Pleurotus ostreatus. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:2824. [PMID: 37570978 PMCID: PMC10420912 DOI: 10.3390/plants12152824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
The white-rot fungus Pleurotus ostreatus was used for biological pretreatment of peach palm (Bactris gasipaes) lignocellulosic wastes. Non-treated and treated B. gasipaes inner sheaths and peel were submitted to hydrolysis using a commercial cellulase preparation from T. reesei. The amounts of total reducing sugars and glucose obtained from the 30 d-pretreated inner sheaths were seven and five times higher, respectively, than those obtained from the inner sheaths without pretreatment. No such improvement was found, however, in the pretreated B. gasipaes peels. Scanning electronic microscopy of the lignocellulosic fibers was performed to verify the structural changes caused by the biological pretreatments. Upon the biological pretreatment, the lignocellulosic structures of the inner sheaths were substantially modified, making them less ordered. The main features of the modifications were the detachment of the fibers, cell wall collapse and, in several cases, the formation of pores in the cell wall surfaces. The peel lignocellulosic fibers showed more ordered fibrils and no modification was observed after pre-treatment. In conclusion, a seven-fold increase in the enzymatic saccharification of the Bactris gasipaes inner sheath was observed after pre-treatment, while no improvement in enzymatic saccharification was observed in the B. gasipaes peel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamila de Cássia Spacki
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá 87020-900, Brazil; (K.d.C.S.); (D.M.P.N.); (V.A.d.O.-J.); (L.F.O.d.S.); (A.B.)
| | - Danielly Maria Paixão Novi
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá 87020-900, Brazil; (K.d.C.S.); (D.M.P.N.); (V.A.d.O.-J.); (L.F.O.d.S.); (A.B.)
| | - Verci Alves de Oliveira-Junior
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá 87020-900, Brazil; (K.d.C.S.); (D.M.P.N.); (V.A.d.O.-J.); (L.F.O.d.S.); (A.B.)
| | - Daniele Cocco Durigon
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis 88040-900, Brazil; (D.C.D.); (R.A.P.)
| | - Fernanda Cristina Fraga
- Departamento de Engenharia Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis 88040-900, Brazil; (F.C.F.); (R.d.F.P.M.M.)
| | - Luís Felipe Oliva dos Santos
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá 87020-900, Brazil; (K.d.C.S.); (D.M.P.N.); (V.A.d.O.-J.); (L.F.O.d.S.); (A.B.)
| | | | | | - Rosely Aparecida Peralta
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis 88040-900, Brazil; (D.C.D.); (R.A.P.)
| | | | - Rúbia Carvalho Gomes Corrêa
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Tecnologias Limpas, Instituto Cesumar de Ciência, Tecnologia e Inovação—ICETI, Universidade Cesumar—UNICESUMAR, Maringá 87050-900, Brazil;
| | - Adelar Bracht
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá 87020-900, Brazil; (K.d.C.S.); (D.M.P.N.); (V.A.d.O.-J.); (L.F.O.d.S.); (A.B.)
| | - Rosane Marina Peralta
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá 87020-900, Brazil; (K.d.C.S.); (D.M.P.N.); (V.A.d.O.-J.); (L.F.O.d.S.); (A.B.)
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Osman LS, Hamidon TS, Latif NHA, Elias NHH, Saidin M, Shahidan S, Abdullah SHA, Ali NA, Rusli SSM, Ibrahim MNM, Raja PB, Hussin MH. Rust conversion of archeological cannonball from Fort Cornwallis using oil palm frond lignin. INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS 2023; 192:116107. [DOI: 10.1016/j.indcrop.2022.116107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
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Rivas S, Santos V, Parajó JC. Effects of Hydrothermal Processing on Miscanthus × giganteus Polysaccharides: A Kinetic Assessment. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:4732. [PMID: 36365725 PMCID: PMC9657454 DOI: 10.3390/polym14214732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Miscanthus × giganteus samples were characterized for composition and treated with hot compressed water (hydrothermal or autohydrolysis treatments) at temperatures in the range of 190-240 °C. The liquid phases from treatments were analyzed to assess the breakdown of susceptible polysaccharides into a scope of soluble intermediates and reaction products. The experimental concentration profiles determined for the target compounds (monosaccharides, higher saccharides, acetic acid and sugar-decomposition products) were interpreted using a pseudohomogeneous kinetic mechanism involving 27 reactions, which were governed by kinetic coefficients showing an Arrhenius-type temperature dependence. The corresponding activation energies were calculated and compared with data from the literature. The kinetic equations allowed a quantitative assessment of the experimental results, providing key information for process simulation and evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Rivas
- Faculty of Science, Chemical Engineering Department, University of Vigo (Campus Ourense), Polytechnical Building, As Lagoas, 32004 Ourense, Spain
- CINBIO, University of Vigo (Campus Lagoas-Marcosende), 36310 Vigo, Spain
| | - Valentín Santos
- Faculty of Science, Chemical Engineering Department, University of Vigo (Campus Ourense), Polytechnical Building, As Lagoas, 32004 Ourense, Spain
- CINBIO, University of Vigo (Campus Lagoas-Marcosende), 36310 Vigo, Spain
| | - Juan Carlos Parajó
- Faculty of Science, Chemical Engineering Department, University of Vigo (Campus Ourense), Polytechnical Building, As Lagoas, 32004 Ourense, Spain
- CINBIO, University of Vigo (Campus Lagoas-Marcosende), 36310 Vigo, Spain
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5
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Combining autohydrolysis with xylanase hydrolysis for producing xylooligosaccharides from Jiuzao. Biochem Eng J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2022.108678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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6
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Production of Xylooligosaccharides from Jiuzao by Autohydrolysis Coupled with Enzymatic Hydrolysis Using a Thermostable Xylanase. Foods 2022; 11:foods11172663. [PMID: 36076846 PMCID: PMC9455638 DOI: 10.3390/foods11172663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The production of xylooligosaccharides (XOS) from Jiuzao was studied using a two-stage process based on autohydrolysis pretreatment followed by enzymatic hydrolysis. Jiuzao was autohydrolyzed under conditions where temperature, time, particle size, and solid-liquid ratio were varied experimentally. Optimal XOS production was obtained from Jiuzao with a >20 mesh particle size treated at 181.5 °C for 20 min with a 1:13.6 solid-liquid ratio. Subsequently, optimal enzymatic hydrolysis conditions for xylanase XynAR were identified as 60 °C, pH 5, and xylanase XynAR loading of 15 U/mL. Using these conditions, a yield of 34.2% XOS was obtained from Jiuzao within 2 h. The process developed in the present study could enable effective and ecofriendly industrial production of XOS from Jiuzao.
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High-Efficiency and High-Quality Extraction of Hemicellulose of Bamboo by Freeze-Thaw Assisted Two-Step Alkali Treatment. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158612. [PMID: 35955757 PMCID: PMC9369068 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Hemicellulose is a major component of the complex biomass recalcitrance structure of fiber cell walls. Even though biomass recalcitrance protects plants, it affects the effective utilization of lignocellulosic biomass resources. Therefore, the separation and extraction of hemicellulose is very important. In this study, an improved two-step alkali pretreatment method was proposed to separate hemicellulose efficiently. Firstly, 16.61% hemicellulose was extracted from bamboo by the weak alkali treatment. Then, the physical freezing and the alkali treatment were carried out by freezing at −20 °C for 12.0 h and thawing at room temperature, heating to 80 °C, and treating with 5.0% sodium hydroxide for 90 min; the extraction yield of hemicellulose reached 73.93%. The total extraction yield of the two steps was 90.54%, and the molecular weight and purity reached 44,865 g·mol–1 and 89.60%, respectively. It provides a new method for breaking the biomass recalcitrance of wood fiber resources and effectively extracting hemicellulose.
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8
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Lu X, Gu X, Shi Y. A review on lignin antioxidants: Their sources, isolations, antioxidant activities and various applications. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 210:716-741. [PMID: 35526770 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.04.228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Lignin, a biopolymer obtained from agricultural/forestry residues or paper pulping wastewater, is rich in aromatic structure, which is central to its adoption as a candidate to natural antioxidants. Through insight into its structural features from biomass, different functional groups would influence lignin antioxidant activity, wherein phenolic content is the most important factor, hence massive studies have focused on its improvement via different pretreatments and post-processing methods. Besides, lignin nanoparticles and chemical modifications are also efficient methods to improve antioxidant activity via increasing free content and decreasing bond dissociation enthalpy of phenolic hydroxyl. Lignin samples exhibit comparable radicals scavenging ability to commercial ones, showing their potential as renewable alternatives of synthesized antioxidants. Besides, their applications have also been discussed, which demonstrates lignin potential as an inexpensive antioxidant additive and consequent improvements on multiple functionalities. This review is dedicated to summarize lignin antioxidants extracted from biomass resources, methods to improve their antioxidant activity and their applications, which is beneficial for realizing lignin valorization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Lu
- Co-Innovation Center for Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Products, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, 159 Longpan Road, Nanjing 210037, PR China
| | - Xiaoli Gu
- Co-Innovation Center for Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Products, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, 159 Longpan Road, Nanjing 210037, PR China.
| | - Yijun Shi
- Division of Machine Elements, Luleå University of Technology, SE97187 Luleå, Sweden.
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9
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Combination of Autohydrolysis and Catalytic Hydrolysis of Biomass for the Production of Hemicellulose Oligosaccharides and Sugars. REACTIONS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/reactions3010003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Three different types of biomass sourced from forestry waste (eucalyptus residues), agricultural waste (wheat straw), and energy crop (miscanthus) were used as starting materials to produce hemicellulosic sugars, furans (furfural and hydroxymethylfurfural), and oligosaccharides. A two-step hybrid process was implemented; biomass was first autohydrolysed without any additive to extract hemicelluloses and dissolve it in water. Then, the hydrolysate was treated with a solid acid catalyst, TiO2-WOx, in order to achieve hydrolysis and produce monomeric sugars and furans. This article investigates the role of the biomass type, autohydrolysis experimental conditions, polymerisation degree and composition of hemicelluloses on the performance of the process coupling autohydrolysis and catalytic hydrolysis. The highest global yields of both oligosaccharides and monomeric sugars were obtained from Eucalyptus (37% and 18%, respectively).
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10
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Breeding Targets to Improve Biomass Quality in Miscanthus. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26020254. [PMID: 33419100 PMCID: PMC7825460 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26020254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2020] [Revised: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 01/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Lignocellulosic crops are attractive bioresources for energy and chemicals production within a sustainable, carbon circular society. Miscanthus is one of the perennial grasses that exhibits great potential as a dedicated feedstock for conversion to biobased products in integrated biorefineries. The current biorefinery strategies are primarily focused on polysaccharide valorization and require severe pretreatments to overcome the lignin barrier. The need for such pretreatments represents an economic burden and impacts the overall sustainability of the biorefinery. Hence, increasing its efficiency has been a topic of great interest. Inversely, though pretreatment will remain an essential step, there is room to reduce its severity by optimizing the biomass composition rendering it more exploitable. Extensive studies have examined the miscanthus cell wall structures in great detail, and pinpointed those components that affect biomass digestibility under various pretreatments. Although lignin content has been identified as the most important factor limiting cell wall deconstruction, the effect of polysaccharides and interaction between the different constituents play an important role as well. The natural variation that is available within different miscanthus species and increased understanding of biosynthetic cell wall pathways have specified the potential to create novel accessions with improved digestibility through breeding or genetic modification. This review discusses the contribution of the main cell wall components on biomass degradation in relation to hydrothermal, dilute acid and alkaline pretreatments. Furthermore, traits worth advancing through breeding will be discussed in light of past, present and future breeding efforts.
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Shao Z, Fu Y, Wang P, Zhang Y, Qin M, Li X, Zhang F. Modification of the aspen lignin structure during integrated fractionation process of autohydrolysis and formic acid delignification. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 165:1727-1737. [PMID: 33058978 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.10.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Integrated fractionation process based on autohydrolysis (H) and subsequent formic acid delignification (FAD) has been considered as an effective strategy to separate the main lignocellulosic components in view of the biorefinery. For the better understanding of the structural changes of the lignin during the integrated process, the fractionated aspen lignins were thoroughly characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FT IR), 13C, two-dimensional heteronuclear single quantum coherence (2D-HSQC) and 31P nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, gel permeation chromatography (GPC), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Compared to the milled wood lignin (MWL), the fractionated lignins had higher amounts of phenolic OH groups as due to the cleavage of β-O-4 linkages and less alcoholic OH groups mainly due to the esterification of the aliphatic OH groups by formic acid. Demethylation action of the lignin was not significant during the FAD process. More syringyl-propane (S) units were extracted during the H-FAD process than guaiacyl-propane (G) units resulting in a higher S/G ratio and more OCH3 in the fractionated lignins. Furthermore, autohydrolysis of aspen at higher temperature led to more condensation of the fractionated lignins which exhibited higher molecular weight and more β-5 and β-β linkages. The fractionated lignins exhibited high purities due to the breakage of the lignin-carbohydrate bonds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyong Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan 250353, Shandong, China
| | - Yingjuan Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan 250353, Shandong, China.
| | - Peng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan 250353, Shandong, China
| | - Yongchao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan 250353, Shandong, China
| | - Menghua Qin
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Taishan University, Taian 271021, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaoliang Li
- Huatai Group Corp. Ltd., Dongying 257335, Shandong, China
| | - Fengshan Zhang
- Huatai Group Corp. Ltd., Dongying 257335, Shandong, China
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12
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Li J, Feng P, Xiu H, Zhang M, Li J, Du M, Zhang X, Kozliak E, Ji Y. Wheat straw components fractionation, with efficient delignification, by hydrothermal treatment followed by facilitated ethanol extraction. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2020; 316:123882. [PMID: 32739576 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.123882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Lignocellulosic biomass fractionaion into its three major components is critically important for efficient feedstock utilization. The hydrothermal-ethanol method has broad application as its first step, hydrothermal treatment, provides high hemicellulose separation efficiency. However, it severely inhibits the delignification on the subsequent ethanol extraction. In this study, the second step, ethanol extraction, was facilitated by the addition of 3% NaOH and 3% H2O2, resulting in a significant improvement of lignin separation (by 48.2%). SEM, AFM, XPS, and XRD were used to characterize the surface composition of the remaining solids (crude cellulose) while the structure of isolated lignin was characterized by FT-IR, CP/MAS 13C NMR, GPC and TGA. The lignin samples isolated with both facilitated and non-facilitated ethanol extraction were compared to elucidate the lignin removal mechanism. The results showed that lignin degradation and crosslinking/polymerization occur in parallel during both the hydrothermal treatment and ethanol extraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinbao Li
- Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Light Chemistry Engineering Education, Xi'an 710021, China; Shaanxi Province Key Lab of Papermaking Technology and Specialty Paper, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Pan Feng
- Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Light Chemistry Engineering Education, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Huijuan Xiu
- Shaanxi Province Key Lab of Papermaking Technology and Specialty Paper, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Meiyun Zhang
- Shaanxi Province Key Lab of Papermaking Technology and Specialty Paper, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an 710021, China.
| | - Jingyu Li
- Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Light Chemistry Engineering Education, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Min Du
- Shaanxi Province Key Lab of Papermaking Technology and Specialty Paper, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Xuefei Zhang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND 58202, USA
| | - Evguenii Kozliak
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND 58202, USA
| | - Yun Ji
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND 58202, USA.
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Prehydrolysis and organosolv delignification process for the recovery of hemicellulose and lignin from beech wood. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biteb.2020.100506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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14
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Hajj R, El Hage R, Sonnier R, Otazaghine B, Rouif S, Nakhl M, Lopez-Cuesta JM. Influence of lignocellulosic substrate and phosphorus flame retardant type on grafting yield and flame retardancy. REACT FUNCT POLYM 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2020.104612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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15
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Rumpf J, Do XT, Burger R, Monakhova YB, Schulze M. Extraction of High-Purity Lignins via Catalyst-free Organosolv Pulping from Low-Input Crops. Biomacromolecules 2020; 21:1929-1942. [PMID: 32186856 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.0c00123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A catalyst-free organosolv pulping process was applied to cup plant (Silphium perfoliatum, S), Miscanthus grass (Miscanthus x giganteus, M), and the Paulownia tree (Paulownia tomentosa, P), resulting in high-purity lignins with no signals for cellulose, hemicellulose, or other impurities in two-dimensional heteronuclear single quantum coherence (HSQC) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra. Different biomass particle sizes used for the organosolv pulping (1.6-2.0 mm (1); 0.5-1.0 mm (2); <0.25 mm (3)) influenced the molecular weight and chemical structure of the isolated lignins. Principal component analysis (PCA) of 1H NMR data revealed a high intergroup variance of Miscanthus and Paulownia lignins, separating the small particle fraction from the larger ones. Furthermore, monolignol ratios identified via HSQC NMR differ significantly: Miscanthus lignins were composed of all three monolignols (guaiacyl (G), p-hydroxyphenyl (H), syringyl (S)), while for Paulownia and Silphium lignins only G and S units were observed (except for P3).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Rumpf
- Department of Natural Sciences, Bonn-Rhein-Sieg University of Applied Sciences, von-Liebig-Strasse 20, D-53359 Rheinbach, Germany
| | - Xuan Tung Do
- Department of Natural Sciences, Bonn-Rhein-Sieg University of Applied Sciences, von-Liebig-Strasse 20, D-53359 Rheinbach, Germany
| | - René Burger
- Department of Natural Sciences, Bonn-Rhein-Sieg University of Applied Sciences, von-Liebig-Strasse 20, D-53359 Rheinbach, Germany
| | - Yulia B Monakhova
- Spectral Service AG, Emil-Hoffmann-Strasse 33, D-50996 Köln, Germany.,Institute of Chemistry, Saratov State University, Astrakhanskaya Street 83, 410012 Saratov, Russia
| | - Margit Schulze
- Department of Natural Sciences, Bonn-Rhein-Sieg University of Applied Sciences, von-Liebig-Strasse 20, D-53359 Rheinbach, Germany
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Ramakoti B, Dhanagopal H, Deepa K, Rajesh M, Ramaswamy S, Tamilarasan K. Solvent fractionation of organosolv lignin to improve lignin homogeneity: Structural characterization. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biteb.2019.100293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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17
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Gunasekaran V, Ramesh S, Sathiasivan K, Shankar M, Rajesh M, Tamilarasan K. Simultaneous organosolv pretreatment and detoxification of agro-biomass for efficient lignin extraction and characterization. CHEMICAL PAPERS 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s11696-019-00876-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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18
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Latif NHA, Rahim AA, Brosse N, Hussin MH. The structural characterization and antioxidant properties of oil palm fronds lignin incorporated with p-hydroxyacetophenone. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 130:947-957. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.03.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Revised: 03/02/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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19
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Obame SN, Ziegler-Devin I, Safou-Tchima R, Brosse N. Homolytic and Heterolytic Cleavage of β-Ether Linkages in Hardwood Lignin by Steam Explosion. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:5989-5996. [PMID: 31062970 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b01744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Steam-explosion lignin (SEL) was extracted with ethanol from steam-exploded hardwood (okoumé, Aucoumea klaineana Pierre) pretreated at various severities after neutral or acidic impregnation. The SELs were subjected to structural characterization by 2D HSQC NMR, 31P NMR, and SEC and compared with milled-wood lignin (MWL). A strong decrease in the β- O-4 content is observed with increasing steam-explosion severity accompanied by a gradual increase in molecular mass. Cα-oxidized S units (S', Hibbert's ketones) were quantified by NMR and used as a marker of the hydrolytic mechanism; naphthol was used as a carbonium-ion scavenger. It has been observed that mixed reactions of hydrolysis and homolysis are involved, but the SEL is mainly cleaved homolytically, favoring recondensation through radical coupling even at low reaction severity. However, acidic preimpregnation of wood prior to steam explosion enhanced the carbonium-ion pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastien Ngwa Obame
- LERMAB, EA 4370, Faculté des Sciences et Technologies , Université de Lorraine , BP 239, 54506 Vandoeuvre lès Nancy , France
- Laboratoire de Recherche et de Valorisation du Matériau Bois (LaReVa Bois) , Ecole Normale Supérieure d'Enseignement Technique (ENSET) , BP 3989, Libreville , Gabon
| | - Isabelle Ziegler-Devin
- LERMAB, EA 4370, Faculté des Sciences et Technologies , Université de Lorraine , BP 239, 54506 Vandoeuvre lès Nancy , France
| | - Rodrigue Safou-Tchima
- Laboratoire de Recherche et de Valorisation du Matériau Bois (LaReVa Bois) , Ecole Normale Supérieure d'Enseignement Technique (ENSET) , BP 3989, Libreville , Gabon
- Laboratoire de Substances Naturelles et de Synthèses organométalliques (LASNSOM) , Université des Sciences et Techniques de Masuku , BP 941, Franceville , Gabon
| | - Nicolas Brosse
- LERMAB, EA 4370, Faculté des Sciences et Technologies , Université de Lorraine , BP 239, 54506 Vandoeuvre lès Nancy , France
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20
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Feng N, Guo L, Ren H, Xie Y, Jiang Z, Ek M, Zhai H. Changes in chemical structures of wheat straw auto-hydrolysis lignin by 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid as a laccase mediator. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 122:210-215. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.10.153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Revised: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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21
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Corbett DB, Hong C, Venditti R, Jameel H, Park S. Hydrophobic resin treatment of hydrothermal autohydrolysate for prebiotic applications. RSC Adv 2019; 9:31819-31827. [PMID: 35530764 PMCID: PMC9072710 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra06018a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 09/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
∼30% of xylooligosaccharides (XOS) in autohydrolysate are likely bonded to lignin “tied,” contributing to loss during resin purification. Loss of “free” XOS depends on DP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derek B. Corbett
- North Carolina State University
- Department of Forest Biomaterials
- Raleigh
- USA
| | - Changyoung Hong
- North Carolina State University
- Department of Forest Biomaterials
- Raleigh
- USA
| | - Richard Venditti
- North Carolina State University
- Department of Forest Biomaterials
- Raleigh
- USA
| | - Hasan Jameel
- North Carolina State University
- Department of Forest Biomaterials
- Raleigh
- USA
| | - Sunkyu Park
- North Carolina State University
- Department of Forest Biomaterials
- Raleigh
- USA
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22
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Michelin M, Liebentritt S, Vicente AA, Teixeira JA. Lignin from an integrated process consisting of liquid hot water and ethanol organosolv: Physicochemical and antioxidant properties. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 120:159-169. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.08.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Revised: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 08/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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23
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Combined Ball Milling and Ethanol Organosolv Pretreatment to Improve the Enzymatic Digestibility of Three Types of Herbaceous Biomass. ENERGIES 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/en11092457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A combined ball milling and ethanol organosolv process is proposed for the pretreatment of three types of herbaceous biomass, giant miscanthus, corn stover, and wheat straw. The combined pretreatment was effective at both removing lignin and increasing the glucan content. After 120 min pretreatment, the glucan content increased to 63.09%, and 55.89% of the acid-insoluble lignin was removed from the giant miscanthus sample. The removal of cellulose, hemicellulose, and acetyl groups were correlated with the removal of lignin. The pretreatment of corn stover showed the highest removal of cellulose, but this was dependent on the removal of acid-insoluble lignin. The slope of the regression lines, which shows the correlation between the removal of lignin and cellulose, was lower than other correlations. The changes in biomass size were analyzed using size distribution graphs. With increasing pretreatment time, the particle size reduction improved in the three types of herbaceous biomass. Because of the combined physicochemical pretreatment, the enzymatic digestibility improved, and a maximum of 91% glucan digestibility was obtained from the pretreated corn stover when 30 FPU/g-glucan enzyme was added. Finally, compositional analysis of the recovered lignin from the remaining black liquor was investigated.
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Kumar N, Vijayshankar S, Pasupathi P, Nirmal Kumar S, Elangovan P, Rajesh M, Tamilarasan K. Optimal extraction, sequential fractionation and structural characterization of soda lignin. RESEARCH ON CHEMICAL INTERMEDIATES 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s11164-018-3430-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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25
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Schutyser W, Renders T, Van den Bosch S, Koelewijn SF, Beckham GT, Sels BF. Chemicals from lignin: an interplay of lignocellulose fractionation, depolymerisation, and upgrading. Chem Soc Rev 2018; 47:852-908. [PMID: 29318245 DOI: 10.1039/c7cs00566k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 809] [Impact Index Per Article: 134.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
In pursuit of more sustainable and competitive biorefineries, the effective valorisation of lignin is key. An alluring opportunity is the exploitation of lignin as a resource for chemicals. Three technological biorefinery aspects will determine the realisation of a successful lignin-to-chemicals valorisation chain, namely (i) lignocellulose fractionation, (ii) lignin depolymerisation, and (iii) upgrading towards targeted chemicals. This review provides a summary and perspective of the extensive research that has been devoted to each of these three interconnected biorefinery aspects, ranging from industrially well-established techniques to the latest cutting edge innovations. To navigate the reader through the overwhelming collection of literature on each topic, distinct strategies/topics were delineated and summarised in comprehensive overview figures. Upon closer inspection, conceptual principles arise that rationalise the success of certain methodologies, and more importantly, can guide future research to further expand the portfolio of promising technologies. When targeting chemicals, a key objective during the fractionation and depolymerisation stage is to minimise lignin condensation (i.e. formation of resistive carbon-carbon linkages). During fractionation, this can be achieved by either (i) preserving the (native) lignin structure or (ii) by tolerating depolymerisation of the lignin polymer but preventing condensation through chemical quenching or physical removal of reactive intermediates. The latter strategy is also commonly applied in the lignin depolymerisation stage, while an alternative approach is to augment the relative rate of depolymerisation vs. condensation by enhancing the reactivity of the lignin structure towards depolymerisation. Finally, because depolymerised lignins often consist of a complex mixture of various compounds, upgrading of the raw product mixture through convergent transformations embodies a promising approach to decrease the complexity. This particular upgrading approach is termed funneling, and includes both chemocatalytic and biological strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Schutyser
- Center for Surface Chemistry and Catalysis, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium.
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26
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Jongaroontaprangsee S, Chiewchan N, Devahastin S. Production of nanocellulose from lime residues using chemical-free technology. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.matpr.2018.01.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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27
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Preparation of environmental friendly phenol-formaldehyde wood adhesive modified with kenaf lignin. BENI-SUEF UNIVERSITY JOURNAL OF BASIC AND APPLIED SCIENCES 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bjbas.2017.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
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28
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Brahim M, Checa Fernandez BL, Regnier O, Boussetta N, Grimi N, Sarazin C, Husson E, Vorobiev E, Brosse N. Impact of ultrasounds and high voltage electrical discharges on physico-chemical properties of rapeseed straw's lignin and pulps. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2017; 237:11-19. [PMID: 28411049 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2017.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2016] [Revised: 03/30/2017] [Accepted: 04/01/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In this study, ultrasound (US) and high voltage electrical discharges (HVED) were combined with chemical treatments (soda or organosolv) for rapeseed straw delignification. Delignification was improved by both physical pretreatments. US increased the extractability of hemicelluloses and HVED induced a partial degradation of cellulose. Best synergies were observed for HVED-soda and US-organosolv treatments. The obtained lignin fractions were characterized with 13C NMR and 2D 1H-13C HSQC. It was observed that the physical treatments affected the syringyl/guaiacyl (S/G) ratios. The values of S/G were ≈1.19, 1.31 and 1.75 for organosolv, HVED-organosolv and US-organosolv processes, suggesting recondensation reactions. The lignin fractions obtained from HVED-organosolv treatment contained less quantity of p-coumaric acid and ferulic acid as compared to those extracted by US-organosolv. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) revealed a better heat resistance of physically extracted lignins as compared to the control. The enzymatic digestibility increased by 24.92% when applying HVED to mild organosolv treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Brahim
- Sorbonne Universités-Université de Technologie de Compiègne, Unité Transformations Intégrées de la Matière Renouvelable - EA 4297, Centre de Recherches de Royallieu, BP 20529, 60205 Compiègne Cedex, France; Université de Lorraine - Faculté des Sciences et Technologies, Laboratoire d'Etudes et de Recherche sur le Matériau Bois - EA 4370, Boulevard des Aiguillettes, BP 70239, 54506 Vandœuvre-Lès-Nancy Cedex, France.
| | - B L Checa Fernandez
- Sorbonne Universités-Université de Technologie de Compiègne, Unité Transformations Intégrées de la Matière Renouvelable - EA 4297, Centre de Recherches de Royallieu, BP 20529, 60205 Compiègne Cedex, France
| | - O Regnier
- Unité de Génie Enzymatique et Cellulaire, FRE CNRS 3580, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, 33 rue Saint-Leu, 80039 Amiens Cedex, France
| | - N Boussetta
- Sorbonne Universités-Université de Technologie de Compiègne, Unité Transformations Intégrées de la Matière Renouvelable - EA 4297, Centre de Recherches de Royallieu, BP 20529, 60205 Compiègne Cedex, France
| | - N Grimi
- Sorbonne Universités-Université de Technologie de Compiègne, Unité Transformations Intégrées de la Matière Renouvelable - EA 4297, Centre de Recherches de Royallieu, BP 20529, 60205 Compiègne Cedex, France
| | - C Sarazin
- Unité de Génie Enzymatique et Cellulaire, FRE CNRS 3580, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, 33 rue Saint-Leu, 80039 Amiens Cedex, France
| | - E Husson
- Unité de Génie Enzymatique et Cellulaire, FRE CNRS 3580, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, 33 rue Saint-Leu, 80039 Amiens Cedex, France
| | - E Vorobiev
- Sorbonne Universités-Université de Technologie de Compiègne, Unité Transformations Intégrées de la Matière Renouvelable - EA 4297, Centre de Recherches de Royallieu, BP 20529, 60205 Compiègne Cedex, France
| | - N Brosse
- Université de Lorraine - Faculté des Sciences et Technologies, Laboratoire d'Etudes et de Recherche sur le Matériau Bois - EA 4370, Boulevard des Aiguillettes, BP 70239, 54506 Vandœuvre-Lès-Nancy Cedex, France
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29
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Jang SK, Jeong H, Kim HY, Choi JH, Kim JH, Koo BW, Choi IG. Evaluation of correlation between glucan conversion and degree of delignification depending on pretreatment strategies using Jabon Merah. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2017; 236:111-118. [PMID: 28391105 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2017.03.154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2017] [Revised: 03/24/2017] [Accepted: 03/25/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The main purpose of this study was to investigate the glucan conversion rate after enzymatic hydrolysis depending on the treatment methods and conditions with changes in the chemical composition of treated solid fraction of Jabon Merah. The glucan conversion rate (17.4%) was not significantly improved after liquid hot water treatment (1st step) even though most of the hemicellulose was dissolved into liquid hydrolysate. Subsequently, dilute acid, organosolv, and peracetic acid treatment (2nd step) was conducted under various conditions to enhance glucan conversion. Among the 2nd step treatment, the glucan conversion rate of organosolv (max. 46.0%) and peracetic acid treatment (max. 65.9%) was increased remarkably through decomposition of acid-insoluble lignin (AIL). Finally, the glucan conversion rate and AIL content were highly correlated, which was revealed by the R-squared value (0.84), but inhibitory factors including cellulose crystallinity must be considered for advanced glucan conversion from highly recalcitrant biomasses, such as Jabon Merah.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo-Kyeong Jang
- Department of Forest Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Hanseob Jeong
- Division of Wood Chemistry & Microbiology, Department of Forest Products, National Institute of Forest Science, Seoul 02455, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho-Yong Kim
- Center for Bio-based Chemistry, Convergent Chemistry Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - June-Ho Choi
- Department of Forest Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Hwa Kim
- Department of Forest Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Bon-Wook Koo
- Intelligent & Sustainable Materials R&D Group, Research Institute of Sustainable Manufacturing System, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology, Cheonan 31056, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Gyu Choi
- Department of Forest Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea; Institute of Green-Bio Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang 25354, Republic of Korea; Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
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30
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Castoldi R, Correa VG, de Morais GR, de Souza CGM, Bracht A, Peralta RA, Peralta-Muniz Moreira RF, Peralta RM. Liquid nitrogen pretreatment of eucalyptus sawdust and rice hull for enhanced enzymatic saccharification. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2017; 224:648-655. [PMID: 27913169 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2016.11.099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2016] [Revised: 11/22/2016] [Accepted: 11/23/2016] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
In this work, liquid nitrogen was used for the first time in the pretreatment of plant biomasses for purposes of enzymatic saccharification. After treatment (cryocrushing), the initial rates of the enzymatic hydrolysis of eucalyptus sawdust and rice hull were increased more than ten-fold. Cryocrushing did not modify significantly the contents of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin in both eucalyptus sawdust and rice hulls. However, substantial disorganization of the lignocellulosic materials in consequence of the pretreatment could be observed by electron microscopy. Cryocrushing was highly efficient in improving the saccharification of the holocellulose component of the plant biomasses (from 4.3% to 54.1% for eucalyptus sawdust and from 3.9% to 40.6% for rice hull). It is important to emphasize that it consists in a simple operation with low requirements of water and chemicals, no corrosion, no release of products such as soluble phenolics, furfural and hydroxymethylfurfural and no waste generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Castoldi
- Department of Biochemistry, State University of Maringá, Brazil
| | - Vanesa G Correa
- Department of Biochemistry, State University of Maringá, Brazil
| | | | | | - Adelar Bracht
- Department of Biochemistry, State University of Maringá, Brazil
| | - Rosely A Peralta
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | | | - Rosane M Peralta
- Department of Biochemistry, State University of Maringá, Brazil.
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31
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Organosolv Processes. ADVANCES IN BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING/BIOTECHNOLOGY 2017; 166:153-176. [DOI: 10.1007/10_2016_61] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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32
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da Silva Morais AP, Sansígolo CA, de Oliveira Neto M. Effects of autohydrolysis of Eucalyptus urograndis and Eucalyptus grandis on influence of chemical components and crystallinity index. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2016; 214:623-628. [PMID: 27187566 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2016.04.124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2016] [Revised: 04/25/2016] [Accepted: 04/27/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Samples of Eucalyptus urograndis and Eucalyptus grandis sawdust were autohydrolyzed in aqueous conditions to reach temperatures in the range 110-190°C and reaction times of 0-150min in a minireactor. In each minireactor were used a liquor:wood ratio (10:1 L:kg dry wood), in order to assess the effects of the autohydrolysis severity and the crystalline properties of cellulose. The content of extractives, lignin, holocellulose, cellulose, hemicelluloses and crystallinity index obtained from the solid fraction after autohydrolysis of sawdust were determined. This study demonstrated that the hemicelluloses were extensively removed at 170 and 190°C, whereas cellulose was partly degraded to Eucalyptus urograndis and Eucalyptus grandis sawdust. The lignin content decreased, while the extractives content increased. It was defined that during autohydrolysis, had a slight decreased on crystalline structure of cellulose of Eucalyptus urogandis and Eucalyptus grandis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alaine Patrícia da Silva Morais
- Laboratório de Celulose e Papel, Departamento de Ciência Florestal, Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas/UNESP, Faz Experimental Lageado, José Barbosa de Barros, 1780, CEP: 18610-307 Botucatu, SP, Brazil.
| | - Cláudio Angeli Sansígolo
- Laboratório de Celulose e Papel, Departamento de Ciência Florestal, Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas/UNESP, Faz Experimental Lageado, José Barbosa de Barros, 1780, CEP: 18610-307 Botucatu, SP, Brazil.
| | - Mario de Oliveira Neto
- Departamento de Física e Biofísica, Instituto de Biociências/UNESP, Distrito de Rubião Júnior, S/N, CEP: 18618-970 Botucatu, SP, Brazil.
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Amiri H, Karimi K. Integration of Autohydrolysis and Organosolv Delignification for Efficient Acetone, Butanol, and Ethanol Production and Lignin Recovery. Ind Eng Chem Res 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.6b00110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hamid Amiri
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Iran
- Department
of Biotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Sciences and Technologies, University of Isfahan, Isfahan 81746-73441, Iran
| | - Keikhosro Karimi
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Iran
- Industrial
Biotechnology Group, Institute of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Iran
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Vasco-Correa J, Ge X, Li Y. Fungal pretreatment of non-sterile miscanthus for enhanced enzymatic hydrolysis. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2016; 203:118-123. [PMID: 26722811 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2015.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2015] [Revised: 12/03/2015] [Accepted: 12/09/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Miscanthus was pretreated with the fungus Ceriporiopsis subvermispora under non-sterile conditions, using sterile miscanthus that had been previously colonized with the fungus as the inoculum. Inoculum ratios equal to or greater than 30% yielded a successful pretreatment, enhancing the enzymatic digestibility of miscanthus by 3- to 4-fold over that of raw miscanthus, which was comparable with the fungal pretreatment under sterile conditions. This enhanced digestibility was linearly correlated with lignin degradation. Although cellulose loss of up to 13% was observed for the successful non-sterile pretreatments, the final glucose yield was 3-4 times higher than that of raw miscanthus and comparable to that of the sterile pretreated miscanthus. A time course study showed that maximum glucose yield can be achieved with a pretreatment time of 21 days.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Vasco-Correa
- Department of Food, Agricultural and Biological Engineering, The Ohio State University/Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, 1680 Madison Ave., Wooster, OH 44691-4096, USA
| | - Xumeng Ge
- Department of Food, Agricultural and Biological Engineering, The Ohio State University/Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, 1680 Madison Ave., Wooster, OH 44691-4096, USA
| | - Yebo Li
- Department of Food, Agricultural and Biological Engineering, The Ohio State University/Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, 1680 Madison Ave., Wooster, OH 44691-4096, USA.
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35
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Kim DY, Kim YS, Kim TH, Oh KK. Two-stage, acetic acid-aqueous ammonia, fractionation of empty fruit bunches for increased lignocellulosic biomass utilization. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2016; 199:121-127. [PMID: 26419963 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2015.09.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2015] [Revised: 09/04/2015] [Accepted: 09/05/2015] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Fractionation of EFB was conducted in two consecutive steps using a batch reaction system: hemicellulose hydrolysis using acetic acid (AA; 3.0-7.0 wt.%) at 170-190°C for 10-20 min in the first stage, and lignin solubilization using ammonium hydroxide (5-20 wt.%) at 140-220°C for 5-25 min in the second stage. The two-stage process effectively fractionated empty fruit bunches (EFB) in terms of hemicellulose hydrolysis (53.6%) and lignin removal (59.5%). After the two-stage treatment, the fractionated solid contained 65.3% glucan. Among three investigated process parameters, reaction temperature and ammonia concentration had greater impact on the delignification reaction in the second stage than reaction time. The two-stage fractionation processing improved the enzymatic digestibility to 72.9% with 15 FPU of cellulase/g of glucan supplemented with 70 pNPG of β-glycosidase (Novozyme 188)/g-glucan, which was significantly enhanced from the equivalent digestibility of 28.3% for untreated EFB and 45.7% for AAH-fractionated solid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Young Kim
- Department of Applied Chemical Engineering, Dankook University, Cheonan, Chungnam 330-714, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Soo Kim
- Department of Applied Chemical Engineering, Dankook University, Cheonan, Chungnam 330-714, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Hyun Kim
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Kongju National University, Cheonan, Chungnam 330-717, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyeong Keun Oh
- Department of Applied Chemical Engineering, Dankook University, Cheonan, Chungnam 330-714, Republic of Korea.
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Chen MH, Bowman MJ, Cotta MA, Dien BS, Iten LB, Whitehead TR, Rausch KD, Tumbleson ME, Singh V. Miscanthus×giganteus xylooligosaccharides: Purification and fermentation. Carbohydr Polym 2015; 140:96-103. [PMID: 26876832 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2015.12.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2015] [Revised: 12/04/2015] [Accepted: 12/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A procedure was developed to recover xylooligosaccharides (XOS) from Miscanthus×giganteus (M×G) hydrolyzate. M×G hydrolyzate was prepared using autohydrolysis, and XOS rich fractions were acquired using activated carbon adsorption and stepwise ethanol elution. The combined XOS fractions were purified using a series of ion exchange resin treatments. The end product, M×G XOS, had 89.1% (w/w) total substituted oligosaccharides (TSOS) composed of arabinose, glucose, xylose and acetyl group. Bifidobacterium adolescentis and Bifidobacterium catenulatum (health promoting bacteria) were cultured in vitro on M×G XOS and a commercial XOS source, which was used as a comparison. B. adolescentis grew to a higher cell density than B. catenulatum in both XOS cultures. Total xylose consumption for B. adolescentis was 84.1 and 84.8%, respectively for M×G and commercial XOS cultures; and for B. catenulatum was 76.6 and 73.6%, respectively. The xylobiose (X2), xylotriose (X3) and xylotetraose (X4) were almost utilized for both strains. Acetic and lactic acids were the major fermentation products of the XOS cultures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Hsu Chen
- Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1304 W. Pennsylvania Avenue, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Michael J Bowman
- Bioenergy Research Unit, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, 1815 North University Street, Peoria, IL 61604, USA
| | - Michael A Cotta
- Bioenergy Research Unit, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, 1815 North University Street, Peoria, IL 61604, USA
| | - Bruce S Dien
- Bioenergy Research Unit, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, 1815 North University Street, Peoria, IL 61604, USA
| | - Loren B Iten
- Bioenergy Research Unit, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, 1815 North University Street, Peoria, IL 61604, USA
| | - Terence R Whitehead
- Bioenergy Research Unit, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, 1815 North University Street, Peoria, IL 61604, USA
| | - Kent D Rausch
- Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1304 W. Pennsylvania Avenue, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - M E Tumbleson
- Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1304 W. Pennsylvania Avenue, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Vijay Singh
- Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1304 W. Pennsylvania Avenue, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
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Kim HY, Hong CY, Kim SH, Yeo H, Choi IG. Optimization of The Organosolv Pretreatment of Yellow Poplar for Bioethanol Production by Response Surface Methodology. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.5658/wood.2015.43.5.600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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38
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Kurian JK, Gariepy Y, Orsat V, Raghavan GSV. Comparison of steam-assisted versus microwave-assisted treatments for the fractionation of sweet sorghum bagasse. BIORESOUR BIOPROCESS 2015. [DOI: 10.1186/s40643-015-0059-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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39
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Chen MH, Rajan K, Carrier DJ, Singh V. Separation of xylose oligomers from autohydrolyzed Miscanthus×giganteus using centrifugal partition chromatography. FOOD AND BIOPRODUCTS PROCESSING 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbp.2015.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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40
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Zhu MQ, Wen JL, Su YQ, Wei Q, Sun RC. Effect of structural changes of lignin during the autohydrolysis and organosolv pretreatment on Eucommia ulmoides Oliver for an effective enzymatic hydrolysis. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2015; 185:378-85. [PMID: 25754353 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2015.02.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2014] [Revised: 02/12/2015] [Accepted: 02/13/2015] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Eucommia ulmoides Oliver (EU) wood was successively treated by autohydrolysis and organosolv pretreatment integrated process. Autohydrolysis pretreatment facilitated xylooligosaccharides production, subsequent organosolv pretreatment to obtain high-purity lignin and digestible cellulose-rich residue. Results showed that the lignin fractions obtained exhibited smaller molecular weights, narrow polydispersity, more phenolic OH groups and higher syringyl/guaiacyl ratios (S/G) than the milled wood lignin. NMR characterization of the lignin revealed that the β-O-4 linkages significantly cleaved and the structure of stilbene formed, but its resinol (β-β) was resistant to be degraded by organosolv delignification. Moreover, the glucose yield of the integrated residue achieved a maximum value of 89.3% after enzyme hydrolysis, separately about 1.0, 1.3, 3.8 times as compared to that of the ethanol organosolv residue, the hydrothermally treated residue and the EU wood, respectively, which indicated that the integrated process was a promising approach to value-added utilization of the EU wood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Qiang Zhu
- College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Jia-Long Wen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yin-Quan Su
- College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Qin Wei
- College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.
| | - Run-Cang Sun
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
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41
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Lee WC, Kuan WC. Miscanthus as cellulosic biomass for bioethanol production. Biotechnol J 2015; 10:840-54. [PMID: 26013948 DOI: 10.1002/biot.201400704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2015] [Revised: 04/09/2015] [Accepted: 05/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The members of the genus Miscanthus are potential feedstocks for biofuels because of the promising high yields of biomass per unit of planted area. This review addresses species, cultivation, and lignocellulose composition of Miscanthus, as well as pretreatment and enzyme saccharification of Miscanthus biomass for ethanol fermentation. The average cellulose contents in dried biomass of Miscanthus floridulus, Miscanthus sinensis, Miscanthus sacchariflorus, and Miscanthus × giganteus (M × G) are 37.2, 37.6, 38.9, and 41.1% wt/wt, respectively. A number of pretreatment methods have been applied in order to enhance digestibility of Miscanthus biomass for enzymatic saccharification. Pretreatment of Miscanthus using liquid hot water or alkaline results in a significant release of glucose; while glucose yields can be 90% or higher if a pretreatment like AFEX that combines both chemical and physical processes is used. As ethanol is produced by yeast fermentation of the hydrolysate from enzymatic hydrolysis of residual solids (pulp) after pretreatment, theoretical ethanol yields are 0.211-0.233 g/g-raw biomass if only cellulose is taken into account. Simultaneous saccharification and fermentation of pretreated M × G and M. lutarioriparius results in experimental ethanol yields of 0.13 and 0.15 g/g-raw biomass, respectively. Co-production of value-added products can reduce the overall production cost of bioethanol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Chien Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Systems Biology and Tissue Engineering Research Center, National Chung Cheng University, Minhsiung, Chiayi, Taiwan.
| | - Wei-Chih Kuan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Systems Biology and Tissue Engineering Research Center, National Chung Cheng University, Minhsiung, Chiayi, Taiwan
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Ji Z, Zhang X, Ling Z, Zhou X, Ramaswamy S, Xu F. Visualization of Miscanthus × giganteus cell wall deconstruction subjected to dilute acid pretreatment for enhanced enzymatic digestibility. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2015; 8:103. [PMID: 26213569 PMCID: PMC4513789 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-015-0282-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2015] [Accepted: 07/01/2015] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The natural recalcitrance of lignocellulosic plant cell walls resulting from complex arrangement and distribution of heterogeneous components impedes deconstruction of such cell walls. Dilute acid pretreatment (DAP) is an attractive method to overcome the recalcitrant barriers for rendering enzymatic conversion of polysaccharides. In this study, the internodes of Miscanthus × giganteus, a model bioenergy crop, were subjected to DAP to yield a range of samples with altered cell wall structure and chemistry. The consequent morphological and compositional changes and their possible impact on saccharification efficiency were comprehensively investigated. The use of a series of microscopic and microspectroscopic techniques including fluorescence microscopy (FM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and confocal Raman microscopy (CRM)) enabled correlative cell wall structural and chemical information to be obtained. RESULTS DAP of M. × giganteus resulted in solubilization of arabinoxylan and cross-linking hydroxycinnamic acids in a temperature-dependent manner. The optimized pretreatment (1% H2SO4, 170°C for 30 min) resulted in significant enhancement in the saccharification efficiency (51.20%) of treated samples in 72 h, which amounted to 4.4-fold increase in sugar yield over untreated samples (11.80%). The remarkable improvement could be correlated to a sequence of changes occurring in plant cell walls due to their pretreatment-induced deconstruction, namely, loss in the matrix between neighboring cell walls, selective removal of hemicelluloses, redistribution of phenolic polymers and increased exposure of cellulose. The consequently occurred changes in inner cell wall structure including damaging, increase of porosity and loss of mechanical resistance were also found to enhance enzyme access to cellulose and further sugar yield. CONCLUSIONS DAP is a highly effective process for improving bioconversion of cellulose to glucose by breaking down the rigidity and resistance of cell walls. The combination of the most relevant microscopic and microanalytical techniques employed in this work provided information crucial for evaluating the influence of anatomical and compositional changes on enhanced enzymatic digestibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Ji
- />Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083 China
- />Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Wooden Material Science and Application, Beijing Forestry University, Tsinghua East Road, Beijing, 100083 China
| | - Xun Zhang
- />Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083 China
- />Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Wooden Material Science and Application, Beijing Forestry University, Tsinghua East Road, Beijing, 100083 China
| | - Zhe Ling
- />Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083 China
- />Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Wooden Material Science and Application, Beijing Forestry University, Tsinghua East Road, Beijing, 100083 China
| | - Xia Zhou
- />Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083 China
- />Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Wooden Material Science and Application, Beijing Forestry University, Tsinghua East Road, Beijing, 100083 China
| | - Shri Ramaswamy
- />Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems Engineering, Kaufert Laboratory, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN 55108 USA
| | - Feng Xu
- />Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083 China
- />Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Wooden Material Science and Application, Beijing Forestry University, Tsinghua East Road, Beijing, 100083 China
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Sun S, Wen J, Sun S, Sun RC. Systematic evaluation of the degraded products evolved from the hydrothermal pretreatment of sweet sorghum stems. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2015; 8:37. [PMID: 25883679 PMCID: PMC4399219 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-015-0223-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2014] [Accepted: 02/04/2015] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Conversion of plant cell walls to bioethanol and bio-based chemicals requires pretreatment as a necessary step to reduce recalcitrance of cell walls to enzymatic and microbial deconstruction. In this study, the sweet sorghum stems were subjected to various hydrothermal pretreatment processes (110°C to 230°C, 0.5 to 2.0 h), and the focus of this work is to systematically evaluate the degraded products of polysaccharides and lignins in the liquor phase obtained during the pretreatment process. RESULTS The maximum yield of xylooligosaccharides (52.25%) with a relatively low level of xylose and other degraded products was achieved at a relatively high pretreatment temperature (170°C) for a short reaction time (0.5 h). Higher temperature (>170°C) and/or longer reaction time (>0.5 h at 170°C) resulted in a decreasing yield of xylooligosaccharides, but increased the concentration of arabinose and galactose. The xylooligosaccharides obtained are composed of xylopyranosyl residues, together with lower amounts of 4-O-Me-α-D-GlcpA units. Meanwhile, the concentrations of the degraded products (especially furfural) increased as a function of pretreatment temperature and time. Molecular weights of the water-soluble polysaccharides and lignins indicated that the degradation of the polysaccharides and lignins occurred during the conditions of harsh hydrothermal pretreatment. In addition, the water-soluble polysaccharides (rich in xylan) and water-soluble lignins (rich in β-O-4 linkages) were obtained at 170°C for 1.0 h. CONCLUSIONS The present study demonstrated that the hydrothermal pretreatment condition had a remarkable impact on the compositions and the chemical structures of the degraded products. An extensive understanding of the degraded products from polysaccharides and lignins during the hydrothermal pretreatment will be beneficial to value-added applications of multiple chemicals in the biorefinery for bioethanol industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaolong Sun
- No. 35 Tsing Hua East Road, Haidian District, Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083 China
| | - Jialong Wen
- No. 35 Tsing Hua East Road, Haidian District, Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083 China
| | - Shaoni Sun
- No. 35 Tsing Hua East Road, Haidian District, Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083 China
| | - Run-Cang Sun
- No. 35 Tsing Hua East Road, Haidian District, Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083 China
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44
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45
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Sun SL, Wen JL, Ma MG, Sun RC. Structural elucidation of sorghum lignins from an integrated biorefinery process based on hydrothermal and alkaline treatments. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2014; 62:8120-8. [PMID: 25090032 DOI: 10.1021/jf501669r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
An integrated process based on hydrothermal pretreatment (HTP) (i.e., 110-230 °C, 0.5-2.0 h) and alkaline post-treatment (2% NaOH at 90 °C for 2.0 h) has been performed for the production of xylooligosaccharide, lignin, and digestible substrate from sweet sorghum stems. The yield, purity, dissociation mechanisms, structural features, and structural transformations of alkali lignins obtained from the integrated process were investigated. It was found that the HTP process facilitated the subsequent alkaline delignification, releasing lignin with the highest yield (79.3%) and purity from the HTP residue obtained at 190 °C for 0.5 h. All of the results indicated that the cleavage of the β-O-4 linkages and degradation of β-β and β-5 linkages occurred under the harsh HTP conditions. Depolymerization and condensation reactions simultaneously occurred at higher temperatures (≥ 170 °C). Moreover, the thermostability of lignin was positively related to its molecular weight, but was also affected by the inherent structures, such as β-O-4 linkages and condensed units. These findings will enhance the understanding of structural transformations of the lignins during the integrated process and maximize the potential utilizations of the lignins in a current biorefinery process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shao-Long Sun
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, Beijing Forestry University , Beijing 100083, China
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46
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Wang Q, Jahan MS, Liu S, Miao Q, Ni Y. Lignin removal enhancement from prehydrolysis liquor of kraft-based dissolving pulp production by laccase-induced polymerization. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2014; 164:380-5. [PMID: 24865327 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2014.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2014] [Revised: 04/30/2014] [Accepted: 05/02/2014] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Lignin removal is essential for value-added utilization of hemicelluloses and acetic acid present in the prehydrolysis liquor (PHL) of a kraft-based hardwood dissolving pulp production. In this paper, a novel process concept, consisting of laccase-induced lignin polymerization, followed by filtration/flocculation, was developed to enhance the lignin removal. The results showed that the lignin removal increased from 11% to 46-61% at laccase concentration of 1-4 U mL(-1). The GPC results showed that the molecular weight of the lignin from the laccase treated PHL was increased by 160% in comparison with the original one. The subsequent flocculation using singular Poly-DADMAC system or dual polymer system of Poly-DADMAC/CPAM can further remove 10-15% lignin. The concentrations of hemicelluloses and acetic acid were negligibly affected during the laccase treatment, while flocculation caused 12-15% of total sugar loss. Additionally, the process incorporates this new concept into the kraft-based dissolving pulp production process was proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Pulp & Paper Science and Technology (Qilu University of Technology), Ministry of Education, Jinan, Shandong 250353, PR China; Limerick Pulp and Paper Centre, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, New Brunswick E3B 5A3, Canada.
| | - M Sarwar Jahan
- Limerick Pulp and Paper Centre, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, New Brunswick E3B 5A3, Canada; Pulp and Paper Research Division, BCSIR Laboratories, Dhaka, Dr. Qudrat-i-Khuda Road, Dhaka 1205, Bangladesh
| | - Shanshan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Pulp & Paper Science and Technology (Qilu University of Technology), Ministry of Education, Jinan, Shandong 250353, PR China; Limerick Pulp and Paper Centre, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, New Brunswick E3B 5A3, Canada
| | - Qingxian Miao
- Limerick Pulp and Paper Centre, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, New Brunswick E3B 5A3, Canada; College of Material Engineering, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, PR China
| | - Yonghao Ni
- Limerick Pulp and Paper Centre, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, New Brunswick E3B 5A3, Canada
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Majumdar S, Lukk T, Solbiati JO, Bauer S, Nair SK, Cronan JE, Gerlt JA. Roles of Small Laccases from Streptomyces in Lignin Degradation. Biochemistry 2014; 53:4047-58. [DOI: 10.1021/bi500285t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sudipta Majumdar
- Institute
for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Tiit Lukk
- Institute
for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Jose O. Solbiati
- Institute
for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Stefan Bauer
- Energy
Biosciences Institute, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Satish K. Nair
- Institute
for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - John E. Cronan
- Institute
for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - John A. Gerlt
- Institute
for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
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Trache D, Donnot A, Khimeche K, Benelmir R, Brosse N. Physico-chemical properties and thermal stability of microcrystalline cellulose isolated from Alfa fibres. Carbohydr Polym 2014; 104:223-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2014.01.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 189] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2013] [Revised: 01/10/2014] [Accepted: 01/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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49
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Chen MH, Bowman MJ, Dien BS, Rausch KD, Tumbleson ME, Singh V. Autohydrolysis of Miscanthus x giganteus for the production of xylooligosaccharides (XOS): kinetics, characterization and recovery. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2014; 155:359-365. [PMID: 24463409 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2013.12.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2013] [Revised: 12/09/2013] [Accepted: 12/12/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The optima conditions of production and purification of xylooligosaccharides (XOS) from Miscanthus x giganteus (MxG) were investigated. Using autohydrolysis, XOS were produced at 160, 180 and 200°C at 60, 20 and 5min, respectively. XOS yield up to 13.5% (w/w) of initial biomass and 69.2% (w/w) of xylan were achieved. Results from HPAEC-PAD analysis revealed that X1-X9 sugar oligomers were produced. Higher temperature and longer reaction time resulted in lower product molecular weight. The three optimum conditions had similar degrees of polymerization XOS. Using 10% activated carbon (w/v) with ethanol/water elution recovered 47.9% (w/w) of XOS from pretreated liquid phase. The XOS could be fractionated by degree of polymerization according to ethanol concentration in the ethanol/water elution. Most of the XOS were washed out in 30% and 50% ethanol/water (v/v) fractions. Recoveries of 91.8% xylobiose, 86.9% xylotriose, 66.3% xylotetrose, 56.2% xylopentose and 48.9% xylohexaose were observed in XOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Hsu Chen
- Agricultural and Biological Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1304 W. Pennsylvania Avenue, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Michael J Bowman
- Bioenergy Research Unit, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, 1815 North University Street, Peoria, IL 61604, USA
| | - Bruce S Dien
- Bioenergy Research Unit, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, 1815 North University Street, Peoria, IL 61604, USA
| | - Kent D Rausch
- Agricultural and Biological Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1304 W. Pennsylvania Avenue, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - M E Tumbleson
- Agricultural and Biological Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1304 W. Pennsylvania Avenue, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Vijay Singh
- Agricultural and Biological Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1304 W. Pennsylvania Avenue, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
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50
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Wen JL, Sun SN, Yuan TQ, Xu F, Sun RC. Fractionation of bamboo culms by autohydrolysis, organosolv delignification and extended delignification: understanding the fundamental chemistry of the lignin during the integrated process. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2013; 150:278-286. [PMID: 24184648 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2013.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2013] [Revised: 10/02/2013] [Accepted: 10/07/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Bamboo (Phyllostachys pubescens) was successfully fractionated using a three-step integrated process: (1) autohydrolysis pretreatment facilitating xylooligosaccharide (XOS) production (2) organosolv delignification with organic acids to obtain high-purity lignin, and (3) extended delignification with alkaline hydrogen peroxide (AHP) to produce purified pulp. The integrated process was comprehensively evaluated by component analysis, SEM, XRD, and CP-MAS NMR techniques. Emphatically, the fundamental chemistry of the lignin fragments obtained from the integrated process was thoroughly investigated by gel permeation chromatography and solution-state NMR techniques (quantitative (13)C, 2D-HSQC, and (31)P-NMR spectroscopies). It is believed that the integrated process facilitate the production of XOS, high-purity lignin, and purified pulp. Moreover, the enhanced understanding of structural features and chemical reactivity of lignin polymers will maximize their utilizations in a future biorefinery industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Long Wen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 10083, PR China
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